CN102292402A - 防腐蚀处理的方法 - Google Patents

防腐蚀处理的方法 Download PDF

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CN102292402A
CN102292402A CN2010800049130A CN201080004913A CN102292402A CN 102292402 A CN102292402 A CN 102292402A CN 2010800049130 A CN2010800049130 A CN 2010800049130A CN 201080004913 A CN201080004913 A CN 201080004913A CN 102292402 A CN102292402 A CN 102292402A
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corrosion
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B.马西格
M.希伯特
M.斯特罗曼
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Tesa SE
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Abstract

本发明涉及对金属表面、特别是在金属部件边缘和过渡处进行防腐蚀处理的方法,特征在于将具有烯烃聚合物和交联剂的层的胶带施用于所述金属表面,并且加热该胶带,使得所述层熔融,从而形成防腐蚀层。

Description

防腐蚀处理的方法
本发明涉及对金属表面的防腐蚀处理方法,该方法具有权利要求1中前序部分的特征,并且本发明也涉及自粘粘合剂用于金属表面的防腐蚀处理的用途。
金属部件用于各种领域。它们经常在极广种类的风化条件中的任何条件下暴露于该条件,因此通常需要进行防腐蚀处理。针对该目的,特别是针对将防腐蚀层施用于金属部件的全部面积的目的,已知各种方法。例如,DE 102006006910B3公开了一种方法,其中将呈锌薄片涂层形式的防腐蚀层施涂于有待保护的金属表面。锌薄片涂层通过浸渍或喷洒的方法施涂。在得知于现有技术的其它方法中,防腐蚀处理通过使金属表面沉浸到可在阴极沉积的电涂布材料(electrocoat material)中完成(DE 102005059314A1)。两种前述方法所共有的特征是将防腐蚀层施涂于有待处理的金属表面的相对大面积,更特别地施涂于待处理的金属表面的全部面积。
在建筑工业中,如在屋顶区域和用于防腐蚀(特别是用于在已经彻底生锈的锌槽或金属片材上粘结)的密封条,已知包含丁基橡胶和沥青的胶带。然而,它们表现极高的冷流性质,该性质在粗糙基材例如混凝土上产生有效的密封,但是在立式接合的汽车机身上将随着时间或在简短的加热下例如在整饰表面烘箱中折断。
然而,特别是在汽车工业中,也需要提供对小面积(即金属部件的边缘的表面和过渡处)的借助于防腐蚀层的防腐蚀保护。针对该目的,通常,人工或借助于自动机械施用精确接合密封层。用于精确接合的材料通常地为可泵送的PVC塑料溶胶。通过将该材料喷洒至金属表面局部地施用该材料,并且随后通过刷子使该材料变得平滑。使用该方法(其根本上适用于边缘和过渡处),难于以交通工具结构中所需的光学品质产生精确接合。相反,该表面通常保持粗糙,并且不均匀施用是肉眼可见的。此外,不确保该施用是完全的,完全施用是为了确保防腐蚀的完全保护。
因此,本发明基于这样的问题:提出金属表面的防腐蚀处理方法,所述方法可以在无需大成本和复杂性的情况下进行,特别是该方法也可以用于保护金属部件的边缘和过渡处。
以上指出的问题借助于权利要求1特征部分的特征,通过具有权利要求1前序部分特征的金属表面的防腐蚀处理的方法解决。共同独立解决方案由根据权利要求11的胶带的用途表示。有利的实施方式和发展是各从属权利要求的主题。
根据本发明已经认为,包含可熔融和可交联的特定聚烯烃类层的胶带在这样的方法中能够在金属表面上形成有效的防腐层,并因此适宜用于防腐蚀处理。此外,在测试中发现,借助于适宜的自粘粘合剂制剂,可以形成光滑的表面。这种类型的光滑表面具有对观察者的肉眼来说均匀的表面结构并且该光滑表面为平坦面。由于易于操作,将这种类型的胶带用于在金属表面上形成防腐蚀层是特别有利的。由于自粘性作用,可熔融层可以特别容易地施用于表面,在该表面可以初步固定所述可熔融层然后进行进一步的操作步骤。这种类型的设计也特别适用于小面积。
在本发明的方法中,将胶带施用于正在讨论的金属表面,然后进行加热。该层包含下述类型的材料,所述材料通过加热软化,经过加热在金属表面上铺展,能够流动至接合处,经受交联(固化),并且在这些操作中形成连续和通常光滑的防腐蚀层。在一种实施方式中,也可以先加热胶带,然后施用于金属表面,这样该层即为软和粘的。
本发明因此提供用于金属表面、特别是在金属部件边缘和过渡处的金属表面进行防腐蚀处理的方法,该方法通过施用具有烯烃聚合物和交联剂的层的胶带、和通过加热使得该层熔融和由此形成防腐蚀层进行。此时或经进一步随后的热暴露,防腐蚀层经受交联并由此仅表现极小的冷流性质。本发明也提供这种类型的胶带用于金属表面的防腐蚀处理的用途。金属表面不仅表示元素金属;而是该表面也可以已经通过粗糙法、打底法、防生锈处理例如阴极电沉积涂覆法、或其它典型的抛光方法处理。该方法的一种优选形式是密封汽车机身中的接合处。
本领域技术人员认为烯烃聚合物不适宜用作防腐蚀层。一方面,软的非结晶材料或熔点低于105℃的那些材料例如VLLDPE太粘而无法以粉末形式制备用于粉末涂覆,而另一方面,在包括热暴露的应用中,例如在处于太阳照射的汽车机身上,所述材料将过粘,并且当将未上漆的基材以条的形式暴露时该材料将因冷流性质而折断。通过使用所选的化学交联剂,已经可以在无需在标准室温损失保存期限的情况下克服粘性的问题和冷流的问题。此外,交联增加耐介质(例如防冻剂、燃料或冷清洁产物)性。相反,高熔点聚烯烃例如HPDPE或PP是高结晶和硬的材料,结果是,尽管可以生产粉末,但是包含这种材料的防腐蚀层在挠曲载荷下非常脆,并且可能经历分层。常规聚烯烃也不良好地粘附于金属;借助于聚烯烃的压敏粘合剂制剂,或借助于提供压敏胶粘层,本发明已经可以克服该问题。此外,与粉末涂料或PVC塑料溶胶涂料相反,防腐蚀层的厚度和表面光滑度可以调节。
在一种实施方式中,该层可以是压敏粘合性的,由此该层既可以具有粘合剂或胶带的品质,又同时在加热后可以形成防腐蚀层。
在另一种实施方式中,用于固定至金属表面的层装备有压敏粘合剂,优选为基于聚丙烯酸酯的粘合剂。如果该层在施用温度不充分地粘着,则前述情形是特别有利的。
对于本领域技术人员,出乎意料的是,使用具有本发明烯烃聚合物的层的胶带形成粘弹性防腐蚀层,这根据方法的简易性和技术特征来讲是优越于塑料溶胶膏的应用。
为了运输、存储或模切,该胶带优选地其至少一侧上提供有衬垫-所述衬垫即,例如,有机硅涂覆的膜或有机硅纸。
例如,烯烃聚合物是乙烯的共聚物或三元共聚物。一种实施方式是基于乙烯和乙烯基酯,所述乙烯基酯优选为乙酸乙烯基酯。另一种实施方式是基于乙烯和丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯的共聚物或三元共聚物,所述丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯优选为丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯或丙烯酸丁酯。同样适用的是乙烯、乙酸乙烯基酯和一氧化碳的三元共聚物,或乙烯、丙烯酸丁酯、和一氧化碳的三元共聚物。丁基橡胶(IIR)或乙烯-丙烯-乙叉降冰片烯共聚物(EPDM)同样适用。然而,优选的是包含具有羰基基团(例如,一氧化碳、酯基团或羧基基团)的单体的共聚物和三元共聚物,更优选的是该单体的分率大于10重量%,更特别的是该单体的分率大于30重量%。这种类型的优选聚合物,由于它们的极性,对于与金属和与随后有待施用的涂料或PVC塑料溶胶的有效粘结来说是有利的基础。有效粘结也由下列物质表现:乙烯、丙烯酸丁酯、和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的三元共聚物,和乙烯、丙烯酸丁酯、和丙烯酸的三元共聚物。在另一种实施方式中,羰基基团可以不通过普通共聚反应引入,而是通过使用丙烯酸或使用马来酸酐接枝引入。
聚烯烃的密度根据ISO 1183确定,以g/cm3计表示。
熔体指数根据ISO 1133在2.16kg测定,以g/10min计表示。如本领域技术人员所知,对于基于乙烯的聚合物,测试温度为190℃。晶体熔点(Tcr)和熔解热通过DSC(Mettler DSC 822)使用10℃/min的加热速率根据ISO 3146确定;当出现两个或更多个熔融峰时,选择具有最高温度的峰,因为该峰确定引起成膜和流动所加热的最小温度。本发明的烯烃聚合物的熔体指数优选地大于4g/10min,更优选地大于10g/10min,和更优选地大于25g/10min。当熔体指数增加时,随之而来的是防腐蚀层的形成速率增加和施用温度降低。然而,如果熔体指数过高,换言之,例如,为100g/10min,那么交联速率由此出现显著的降低。
因此烯烃聚合物或没有晶体熔点,或其它所述点将低于105℃,优选地低于75℃。随着熔点下降,防腐蚀层的特征在于具有改善的性能(在冲击负载或反复气候条件下的动力机械性能(dynamomechanical behavior),挠性)。晶体熔点确定在本发明层的一部分上加热产生镀膜和流动的最小温度。
该层的关键成分是用于使烯烃聚合物交联的交联剂。该交联剂可以在该层的生产过程中(例如通过膜挤出的生产过程中)添加到该层中。为了达到有效的分布而又无需进行延长的混合(延长的混合会导致过早反应),使用与烯烃聚合物高度溶混的、交联剂在本发明的烯烃聚合物的基质或另外的聚合物或树脂或增塑剂的基质中的母料。在其中交联剂是高度热敏的特定实施方式中,可以将交联剂与粘合剂一起或不与粘合剂一起施用于层的一侧,其中交联剂从所述层的一侧随着时间的推移通过扩散迁移至层中。
交联剂是添加剂。它能够使烯烃聚合物在热条件下交联,从而防止或减少在最终应用中非交联的烯烃聚合物的冷流。实例是产生自由基的化合物,例如C-C断裂剂(splitter)和过氧化物。优选的是过氧化物,实例为烷基氢过氧化物、二烷基过氧化物、过羧酸、二酰基过氧化物、过羧酸酯、α-羟基过氧化物、和α-氨基过氧化物。过氧化物的分解速率既不能过高(在室温的差的保存期限)也不能过低(在本发明方法中为低交联速率或温度过高)。由此将半衰期(t1/2)为0.1小时时的温度优选地调整为120℃至170℃。对于均匀交联而言,过氧化物在层中的有效分布或良好的溶解性也是重要的。因此,例如,1,1-二(叔丁基过氧)-3,3,5-三甲基-环己烷或叔丁基过氧-2-乙基己基碳酸酯比过氧化二枯基更为有利,前两种过氧化物更容易在层中结晶,由此分布不均匀。
当烯烃聚合物包含反应性基团时,则其它交联剂也是可以使用的。当例如聚合物包含环氧基团(甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯作为共聚单体)时,适宜的交联剂是二胺或多胺、二羧酸或多羧酸、或Lewis酸例如无水氯化锌。当聚合物例如包含羧基基团时,那么交联可以使用二胺或多胺、二环氧化物或聚环氧化物或(任选地封端的)二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯进行。
已经表明,烯烃聚合物能够适应相当数量的增粘剂树脂。经由增粘剂树脂,不仅可以影响该层对于金属表面的粘合性,还可以影响该层对之后的塑料溶胶层或涂料层的粘合性。此外,通过树脂,可以调节该层的熔融性能,也可以调节防腐蚀层的玻璃化转变温度和动力机械性能。
增粘剂树脂的含量优选为10至100phr(phr表示重量份每100重量份的树脂或橡胶-在该情况下为烯烃聚合物)。增粘剂树脂的多分散性为在摩尔质量分布中重均摩尔质量与数均摩尔质量的比率,该多分散性可以通过凝胶渗透色谱法确定。除了树脂的量之外,多分散性也对性质重要。因此,使用的增粘剂树脂存在的多分散性小于2.1,优选地小于1.8,更优选地小于1.6。进一步具有影响的变量是增粘剂树脂的熔点(根据DIN ISO 4625确定)。
作为增粘剂树脂,已经表现出,基于松香(例如,香脂树脂)或松香衍生物(例如,歧化的、二聚的或酯化的松香)的树脂,优选为呈部分氢化的形式,特别优选的是呈完全氢化的形式的该树脂,是高度适合的。类似于氢化树脂,萜烯-酚类树脂由于特别高的耐老化性而备受关注。同样使用的是烃树脂,该树脂大概由于它们的极性而高度相容。例如,这些树脂是芳族树脂,例如苯并呋喃-茚树脂或基于苯乙烯或α-甲基-苯乙烯的树脂;或脂环族烃树脂,得自C5单体例如间戊二烯的聚合或得自裂化器的C5或C9级分;或萜烯例如β-蒎烯或δ-柠檬烯;或其组合;前述树脂优选地呈部分氢化形式或完全氢化形式,并且烃树脂通过使含芳族物质的烃树脂或环戊二烯聚合物氢化获得。
为了调整所需性质,所述层可以包含液体增塑剂,例如,脂族(链烷的或支化的)和脂环族(环烷的)矿物油,己二酸、邻苯二甲酸、偏苯三甲酸、和柠檬酸的酯,蜡例如羊毛蜡,液体橡胶(例如,低分子量腈橡胶、丁二烯橡胶或聚异戊二烯橡胶),异丁烯均聚物和/或异丁烯-丁烯共聚物的液体聚合物,熔点低于40℃并且基于增粘剂树脂的原料的液体树脂和增塑剂树脂,更特别的是上述类的增塑剂树脂。对于PVC塑料溶胶涂料,特别优选的是使用异丁烯和/或丁烯、矿物油和酯的液体聚合物。
为使该层的性质最优化,该层可以包含另外的添加剂,例如以上未陈述的填料、颜料、抗氧化剂或交联剂。适宜的填料和颜料是,例如,氧化锌、二氧化钛、碳酸钙、碳酸锌、硅酸盐、和二氧化硅。
本发明的层可以从溶液也可以从熔体制备。优选的制备和加工方法由熔体进行。对于后一种情形,合适的预备操作不仅包括间歇法也包括连续法。特别优选的是借助于挤出机的连续制造,随后使用或不使用粘合剂的层直接在衬垫上涂覆。
为了最优化本发明层和任何之后的塑料溶胶层或涂料层之间的粘结性,可以进行改性。这样的改性的实例是使用电晕放电或等离子体的物理处理,使用粘结促进物质例如氢化腈橡胶、聚偏二氯乙烯聚合物或本领域技术人员已知类型的粘结促进剂的涂覆,其中所述粘结促进剂用于由聚烯烃制得的塑料部件(例如,汽车挡泥板)涂底漆,用于随后涂料整饰。此外,针对该目的,表面也可以使用膜例如PVC、聚酯(PEN、PET)或聚苯乙烯改性。
此外,在某些情况下,隔离层用来防止增塑剂从塑料溶胶层迁移至防腐蚀层,或防止增塑剂从防腐蚀层迁移至涂料层。该隔离层可以是,例如,包含聚偏二氯乙烯聚合物或施涂聚酯膜的涂层。
本发明层的层厚度应为至少50μm,优选为至少100μm,更优选为至少200μm。此外,所述层厚度总计应该不多于750μm,优选为不多于600μm,更优选为不多于400μm。层厚度的选择应确保当本发明层熔融时充分地覆盖金属表面,并且也应确保所述层不会不均匀地延展(例如,由于过量流动)并且确保防腐蚀层的厚度不会变得过大。
对于用途,已经发现特别适合的是,首先将胶带缠绕在辊上。稍后,可以将该胶带从辊上取下或作为模切料施用于金属表面。
在该方法中,该层优选地在不低于90℃熔融,更优选地在不低于110℃熔融,和更特别地在不低于130℃熔融。
针对本发明的目的,通用表述″胶带″包括所有片状结构例如二维延伸膜或膜局部、具有延伸长度和有限宽度的带、带局部等,并且最终也包括模切件或标签。
在以下正文中,通过多个实施例说明本发明,而不希望由此限制本发明。
实施例的原料
Levamelt VPKA8896   乙烯与68重量%的乙酸乙烯基酯的共聚物,熔体指数为25g/10min,密度为1.08g/cm3,未得到晶体熔点
Elvax PV1400:      乙烯与32重量%的乙酸乙烯基酯的共聚物,熔体指数为43g/10min,密度为0.96g/cm3,晶体熔点为59℃
LucalenA2910M       乙烯与7重量%的丙烯酸丁酯和4重量%的丙烯酸的共聚物,熔体指数为7g/10min,密度为0.927g/cm3,晶体熔点为96℃
Elvaloy HP 662      乙烯与丙烯酸丁酯和一氧化碳的共聚物,熔体指数为25g/10min,密度为0.96g/cm3,晶体熔点为62℃
LD 251:            LDPE,熔体指数为8g/10min,密度为0.9155g/cm3,挠曲模量为180MPa,晶体熔点为104℃
Engage 7467:       乙烯和丁-1-烯的共聚物,熔体指数为1.2g/10min,密度为0.862g/cm3,挠曲模量为4MPa,晶体熔点为34℃
Palatinol N         邻苯二甲酸二异壬基酯
Foral 85:          完全氢化松香甘油酯,熔点为85℃和多分散性为1.2
Trigonox 117        叔丁基过氧-2-乙基己基碳酸酯
Trigonox 29         1,1-二(叔丁基过氧)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷
T174                10重量%的Trigonox 117和90重量%的Elvax PV1400的母料
Irganox 1726:      酚类抗氧化剂,具有基于硫的辅助抗氧化剂功能
实施例1
胶带由有机硅纸与300μm厚的压敏粘合剂的熔体涂层组成,该粘合剂包含下列组分:
Figure BDA0000077026510000071
将20mm宽的胶带粘在两个阴极电涂布的钢面板的接合处之上达0.5mm厚,其中两个面板之间交迭10mm,并移除有机硅纸。
随后在170℃加热该组件40分钟。加热使得聚烯烃层在金属表面上熔融,由此形成均匀流出的防腐蚀层。在冷却金属面板之后,防腐蚀层显示出光滑的表面。在两个金属面板之间的面板边缘仍保持可见,但是接合处已经完全密封。
然后使金属面板经受不同的环境条件。针对该目的,温度在约-5℃至70℃交替变化。尽管存在变动的热膨胀,但是防腐蚀层未发生分层,这归因于该层的动力机械性能。
将具有该防腐蚀层的其它面板弯曲成200mm的半径。防腐蚀层未发生分层。
平行地,这类面板提供有基于PVC和DINP的底部保护塑料溶胶,使面板在165℃固化15分钟。塑料溶胶层与金属面板和与防腐蚀层无瑕疵地粘结。
实施例2
胶带如下构成:
-厚度为25μm的硅化聚酯膜
-40μm耐溶剂的丙烯酸压敏粘合剂
-250μm金属涂层,由下列组分组成:
100phr  Elvax PV1400
10phr   T174
0.2phr  Irganox 1726。
在移除衬垫之后,将20mm宽的胶带粘在两个阴极电涂布的钢面板的接合处之上达0.5mm厚,其中两个面板之间交迭10mm,并移除有机硅纸。
随后在165℃加热该组件20分钟。加热使得聚烯烃层在金属表面上熔融,由此形成均匀流出的防腐蚀层。在冷却金属面板之后,防腐蚀层显示出光滑的表面。在两个金属面板之间的面板边缘仍保持可见,但是接合处已经完全密封。
然后使金属面板经受不同的环境条件。针对该目的,温度在约-5℃至70℃交替变化。尽管存在变动的热膨胀,但是防腐蚀层未发生分层,这归因于该层的动力机械性能。
将具有该防腐蚀层的其它面板弯曲成200mm的半径。防腐蚀层未发生分层。
平行地,这类面板涂覆有2组分PU汽车涂料,并使面板干燥和在140℃固化10分钟。该涂料与金属面板和与防腐蚀层无瑕疵地粘结。
实施例3
胶带如下构成:
-厚度为25μm的硅化聚酯膜
-40μm耐溶剂的丙烯酸压敏粘合剂
-250μm金属涂层,由下列组分组成:
-25μm双面蚀刻的PET膜
测试如在实施例2中一样进行,结果也同样为无瑕疵的。
实施例4
胶带如下构成:
-厚度为25μm的硅化聚酯膜
-40μm耐溶剂的丙烯酸类压敏粘合剂
-250μm金属涂层,由下列组分组成:
100phr    Elvaloy HP 662
1phr      Trigonox 29
测试如在实施例2中一样进行,结果也同样为无瑕疵的。
对比例1
如实施例1中所描述地进行实验,所不同的是以LD 251代替LevameltVPKA8896。形成的防腐蚀层是无瑕疵的。在交替气候条件测试中,在防腐蚀层的末端存在分离现象。在弯曲试验的期间,防腐蚀层经历完全分层。塑料溶胶层与金属面板无瑕疵地粘结,但是不与防腐蚀层无瑕疵地粘结。
对比例2
如实施例1中所描述地进行实验,所不同的是以Engage 7467代替Levamelt VPKA8896。形成的防腐蚀层是不完整并且具有不均匀的厚度。在接合处的上边缘,防腐蚀层已经发生部分流失。在弯曲试验的期间,防腐蚀层经历完全分层。塑料溶胶层与金属面板无瑕疵地粘结,但是不与防腐蚀层无瑕疵地粘结。
对比例3
如实施例2中所描述地进行实验,所不同的是不使用交联剂T174。形成的防腐蚀层是不完整并且具有不均匀的厚度。在接合处的上边缘,防腐蚀层已经发生部分流失。在弯曲试验中,防腐蚀层保留。在涂料层的固化过程中,在涂料层中形成瑕疵,这是因为防腐蚀层开始流动。

Claims (11)

1.一种对金属表面、特别是在金属部件的边缘和过渡处的金属表面进行防腐蚀处理的方法,特征在于将具有烯烃聚合物和交联剂的层的胶带施用于所述金属表面,并且加热所述胶带,使得所述层熔融并由此形成防腐蚀层。
2.权利要求1的方法,特征在于所述烯烃聚合物是乙烯和乙烯基酯的共聚物或三元共聚物,所述乙烯基酯优选为乙酸乙烯基酯。
3.权利要求1的方法,特征在于所述烯烃聚合物是乙烯和丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯的共聚物或三元共聚物,所述丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯优选为丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯或丙烯酸丁酯。
4.前述权利要求中至少一项的方法,特征在于所述烯烃聚合物没有晶体熔点或晶体熔点低于105℃。
5.前述权利要求中至少一项的方法,特征在于所述交联剂是过氧化物。
6.前述权利要求中至少一项的方法,特征在于所述层的厚度为50至750μm,优选为100至600μm,更优选为200至400μm。
7.前述权利要求中至少一项的方法,特征在于已经改性所述防腐蚀层的表面,从而确保该表面与之后施涂的塑料溶胶层或漆层的足够粘附力。
8.前述权利要求中至少一项的方法,特征在于所述层在不小于90℃、优选地在不小于110℃、更优选地在不小于130℃熔融。
9.前述权利要求中至少一项的方法,特征在于所述层是压敏粘合性的。
10.前述权利要求中至少一项的方法,特征在于压敏粘合剂位于所述层和所述金属表面之间。
11.特别根据前述权利要求中一项或多项的特征部分实施的胶带用于金属表面的防腐蚀处理的用途,更特别是在根据前述权利要求中任一项的方法中用于金属表面的防腐蚀处理的用途。
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CN102348744B (zh) * 2009-01-29 2013-05-08 德莎欧洲公司 金属表面的防腐蚀处理的方法
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CN112262190B (zh) * 2018-04-27 2023-02-17 德莎欧洲股份公司 潜在反应性胶粘剂膜

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