CN1022840C - 马来酸酐与乙烯基芳香族单体共聚物的酰亚胺化方法 - Google Patents
马来酸酐与乙烯基芳香族单体共聚物的酰亚胺化方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明关于马来酸酐与乙烯基芳香族单体的共聚物,用脲作为酰亚胺化剂进行酰亚胺化的方法。
Description
本发明是关于马来酸酐与乙烯基芳香族单体,特别是与苯乙烯,也可选择的与其它单体的共聚物进行酰亚胺化的方法。
这些共聚物是已知的,例如美国专利3,954,722,另一美国专利(4,167,543)预见加入丙烯腈可作为第三种单体。所述的共聚物已投入市场,例如ARCO公司出产的商标为“DYLARC”,它是在加热下制备的,但是在高温下它们与其它聚合产品混合时(例如为了制备耐冲击材料),可看到有分解反应以及出现表面起泡和交联。
这种制备方法是非常困难的,并且表面的外观也是不满意的。如果马来酸酐被相应的酰亚胺取代,正如英国专利1,185,544所述,这些缺点就可避免,并且有各种方法可以由预成型马来酰亚胺作为起始单体来制备共聚物,这样可得基本上为等摩尔共聚物(苯乙烯∶酰亚胺为1∶1摩尔)或非等摩尔共聚物(酰亚胺含量低于50%摩尔),但是不易获得马来酰亚胺,而且它的合成相当困难和复杂。
另外,美国专利3,651,171、3,840,499、4,381,373和西德专利3,430,802报导了预成型共聚物在水存在下酰亚胺化。还有,美国专利4,404,322报导了用胺进行酰亚胺化(众所周知非常昂贵)既可以在融熔态下进行又可以在有机溶剂中进行。所有上述专利的内容就是现状的综述。这样得到的酰亚胺化共聚物相对于非酰亚胺化共聚物具有非常高的玻璃化温度(Tg,以后定义),但是申请人发现可用非
常简单和经济的方法就可得到质量水平相同,有时更优越的酰亚胺化共聚物。
以最广泛的方法,本发明是关于马来酸酐与乙烯基芳香族单体以及任选的与其它共聚用单体的共聚物进行酰亚胺化的方法,使用脲为酰亚胺化剂,酰亚胺化反应可在熔融态的反应混合物中进行,或在共聚物所适用的有机溶剂中进行,例如芳香烃类、酮类等等;要提醒的是应在无水态即不存在水的情况下进行酰亚胺化反应。
所述酰亚胺化剂的用量:在共聚物中每100摩尔酐基用1~300摩尔,较好用5~250摩尔的酰亚胺化剂。
在有酰亚胺化催化剂存在的条件下有利于酰亚胺化反应的进行,催化剂用量是共聚物中每100摩尔酐基用0.0001~100摩尔,最好为0.01~10摩尔催化剂。
待酰亚胺化的原始共聚物可含有5~50%,最好10%~50%(摩尔)的马来酸酐。
适用作马来酸酐的共聚用单体的乙烯基芳香族单体的实例有苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、对甲基苯乙烯、对叔丁基苯乙烯、邻或对氯苯乙烯等等。另外,还可存在属于不饱和烯类单体一类的其它共聚用单体,例如丙烯腈、氯乙烯、1,1-二氟乙烯、乙酸乙烯酯、烯烃、乙烯醚、二烯烃、卤代二烯烃等等。这些基本共聚物可含有各种特性的高弹相,具有抗冲击特性。
适用作为酰亚胺化剂的脲类实例是具有下式的脲类,RHN-CO-NHR′,其中R和R′彼此可相同或不同,可代表:氢、NH2CO-基或带有1~18个碳原子的烷基、环烷基、芳基或杂环基团(可任意取代的)。
作为烷基可指芳基-烷基、环烷基-烷基或指带有杂环取代基的烷基;作为芳基,可指烷基芳基、环烷基芳基或带有杂环取代基的芳基;作为环烷基,也指烷基-环烷基、芳基-环烷基或带有杂环取代基的环烷基团;作为杂环基,也指烷基-、环烷基-、芳基-、烷氧基-或羧基-杂环基团。
为了单纯的示范目的,可用尿素、二甲基脲、丙基脲、二丁基脲、二环戊脲、苯基脲、二苯基脲和缩二脲。
本发明的酰亚胺化共聚物具有优良的热稳定性(TLS),其亚氨基单元含量大于5%(摩尔)。根据分光光度红外(lR)分析仪分析,可做出这样的结论,这些亚氨基单元都是环型结构,尽管这种结构对本发明的目的没有约束力。
酰亚胺化反应可在高温下用苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物与酰亚胺化剂反应来完成。所用最通用的反应温度是100℃~350℃,最好是120℃~280℃。此反应可在低于常压的压力下进行,也可在高压下进行。
根据本发明方法所用的催化剂可选自路易斯酸、强Broensted酸,所述强Broensted酸的盐和它们的混合物。“强”Broens-ted酸是指具有pK值等于或低于5,最好是3的酸。
为了举例,所述路易斯酸有氯化锌、氟化硼、氯化铝和溴化铝,四氯化锡、四氯化钛、五氯化锑和五氟化锑(ZnCl3、BF3、AlCl3、AlBr3、SuCl4、TiCl4、SbCl5、SbF5),此外还有三苯基硼和三苯氧基硼。
纯为了举例,Broensted强酸和它们的盐类有氢氯酸、氟硼酸、氟磺酸、三氟甲基磺酸、苯磺酸和含有1~12碳原子烷基的烷基苯磺酸,以及相应的碱金属盐和铵盐,特别是氯化铵和氟硼酸铵
(NH4BF4)。
根据本发明的一个特别实施方案,主要共聚物和酰亚胺化剂的反应是在挤塑机、混合机或其它类似装置中进行的,条件是有排气装置,这在西德专利3,430,802中有详细描述(做为一实例)。
按照本发明的共聚物酰亚胺化是根据常用热塑性聚合物技术进行的,例如挤出成型、注射成型和热成型,可用来生产任何形状和尺寸的成型制品。另外,这些聚合物可用于板材(片材)、成型或挤拉制品、薄膜、管材、纤维等的制造。新的酰亚胺化共聚物可与适宜的添加剂混合在一起,例如改善回弹性的材料,增强纤维(玻璃纤维、碳纤维等)、无机填料、阻燃剂、稳定剂、润滑剂、增塑剂等等。也可在最后加入发泡剂或溶胀剂(氯氟烃、偶氮二酰胺等等),并可用于发泡形式、可与所述纤维(玻璃纤维、碳纤维等)和/或其它无机补强性填料混合在一起,可产生低密度的化合物和具有较好物理性能的化合物,特别是具有高的玻璃化温度(Tg)。
玻璃化温度(Tg)是用差示量热计测定的;它是当热能突变时,在热失重图上屈折点相应的温度;温度上升的速度是20℃/分钟,测定是在首先将温度升至200℃,然后再冷却的方式进行的。酰亚胺化的共聚物质量可用热失重分析法较好地测定,方法是逐渐升高温度(加热速率为20℃/分,在氮气下),并连续地记录试样的重量下降。
下列数据作为指示参数:
a)TGA损失,在氮气下加热50℃~300℃试样重量损失的百分比;
b)稳定的极限温度(TLS),即相应于TGA损失5%的温度。
下列实例仅仅是为了说明,无论如何不可认为是对本发明范围的限制。
实例1:
向一装有搅拌器和为排出挥发性组份的出气口的玻璃反应器中在氮气下一起装入40克共聚物和5克尿素。此共聚物含有89.8%(重量)苯乙烯和10.2%(重量)马来酸酐,其玻璃化温度为119.1℃,TGA为0.52%,TLS为365℃,比浓对数粘度(30℃的THF中,溶液浓度为0.25%(重量)〕为0.82dl/g。
此反应混合物逐步加热至熔点并继续升至215℃,同时在反应中除去形成的挥发性产物。反应在氮气中逐渐地从215℃升温至235℃(1小时内),然后保温在235℃3小时,最后冷却。然后粗制品用100cm3的四氢呋喃稀释,从此溶液中用甲醇凝聚的办法分离出聚合物。这样制得的酰亚胺化共聚物经过滤,在115℃下进行真空干燥。共聚物本身的比浓对数粘度(30℃,THF中)为0.82dl/g,稳定极限温度(TLS)为380℃,玻璃化温度(Tg)为123.4℃。另外,所得共聚物用热失重分析(TGA),以20℃/分速率升温,在氮气下,失重为0.65%(温度范围50℃~300℃)。
实例2:
向实例1所用反应器中在氮气下同时加入40克共聚物和12克尿素,共聚物含有76.1%(重量)苯乙烯和23.9%(重量)马来酸酐,其玻璃化温度为145.6℃,比浓对数粘度为0.53dl/g。此反应混合物逐渐加热至熔点,然后加热至220℃,同时从反应中除去挥发性产物。此反应继续进行,在氮气中逐渐升温从220℃至250℃(在半小时内)。将温度保持在250℃下70分钟,然后冷却。粗制品用100cm3四氢呋喃稀释,从所得溶液中用甲醇凝聚的办法分离出聚合物。这样制得酰亚胺化共聚物经过滤,在115℃下真空干燥。得到数
据和结果记录在表Ⅰ中。
实例3:
重复实例2,不同之处是将1.5克NH4Cl掺混到尿素中,然后加热至275℃时延长60分钟。数据和结果记录在表Ⅰ。
实例4:
重复实例2,但是尿素中加入1.5克氟硼酸铵(NH4BF4)在250℃再延长加热2小时。数据和结果记录在表Ⅰ。
表Ⅰ
酰亚胺化共聚物的特性
实例 Tg TGA损失 TLS 比浓对
数粘度
(酰亚胺化剂) (℃) (%重量) (℃) (dl/g)
基本共聚物 145.6 0.85 352 0.53
实例2(尿素) 170.5 0.77 370 0.52
实例3(尿素+NH4Cl) 169.0 0.79 375 0.50
实例4(尿素+NH4BF4) 168.5 0.52 385 0.51
实例5:
重复实例2,用20克缩二脲取代尿素,并加入1.5克氟硼酸铵,数据和结果记录在表Ⅱ。
实例6:
重复实例2,用17.2克N,N-二甲基脲取代尿素,数据和结果记录在表Ⅱ。
实例7:
重复实例6,但是还要加入1.5克氟硼酸铵(NH4BF4),数据和
结果记录在表Ⅱ。
实例8:
用相同的反应器和相同的起始共聚物重复实例2,但是反应在有机溶剂中进行,溶剂是二甲苯类混合物,反应条件也不同。在氮气下向反应器中同时加入30克待酰亚胺化的共聚物,8.8克尿素和25cm3工业级二甲苯类混合物。此反应混合物在氮气下逐渐加热直至共聚物全部溶解(123℃),将此温度在90分钟内升至130℃,然后将此混合物在此温度下反应3小时,最后反应混合物冷却。
随后粗制品用100cm3四氢呋喃稀释,从得到的溶液中用甲醇将聚合物沉淀分离,过滤,115℃下真空干燥。数据和结果记录在表Ⅱ。
实例9:
重复实例8,反应在溶液中进行并改变反应条件。将20克聚合物、6克尿素、1.5克ZnCl2和40cm3工业用环己酮同时加入到反应器中。将温度在2小时内升至170℃,然后保持稳定4小时,收集在反应中形成的挥发性组份,然后按实例8分离出聚合物。数据和结果记录在表Ⅱ中。
表Ⅱ
酰亚胺化共聚物的特性
实例 Tg TGA损耗 TLS 比浓对数粘度
(酰亚胺化剂) (℃) (%重量) (℃) (dl/g)
实例5(缩二脲
+NH4BF4) 163 0.69 365 0.61
实例6(NN′-二
甲基脲) 145 0.80 380 0.55
实例7(NN′-二
甲基脲+NH4BF4) 145.5 0.73 385 0.58
实例8(尿素+
二甲苯) 153.2 0.80 390 0.54
实例9(尿素+环
己酮+ZnCl2) 180 0.90 386 0.57
Claims (22)
1、马来酸酐与乙烯基芳香族单体以及可选择的与其它单体的共聚物的酰亚胺化方法,其中所说共聚物含有5-50%(摩尔)的马来酸酐,该方法的特征在于上述共聚物在酰亚胺化催化剂存在下,于100℃~350℃,在熔融的反应混合物中或共聚物所适用的有机溶剂中,以具有化学式为RHN-CO-NHR′的脲为酰亚胺化剂进行酰亚胺化反应,所说化学式中的R和R′彼此可相同或不同,它们代表氢、NH2-CO-基或烷基、环烷基、芳基或杂环基,可任意取代并含有1~8个碳原子。
2、如权利要求1的方法,其特征在于酰亚胺化反应是使反应混合物保持在熔融态下进行的。
3、如权利要求1的方法,其特征在于酰亚胺化反应是在有机溶剂中进行的。
4、如权利要求3的方法,其特征在于所述溶剂是芳香烃。
5、如权利要求4的方法,其特征在于所述芳香烃是二甲苯或二甲苯类的混合物。
6、如权利要求3的方法,其特征在于溶剂是酮。
7、如权利要求6的方法,其特征在于所述酮是环己酮。
8、如权利要求1的方法,其特征在于酰亚胺化剂的用量是每100摩尔待酰亚胺化的酐基为1-300摩尔。
9、如权利要求8的方法,其特征在于酰亚胺化剂的用量是每100摩尔待酰亚胺化的酐基为5-250摩尔。
10、如权利要求1的方法,其特征在于被酰亚胺化的共聚物含有10-50%(摩尔)马来酸酐。
11、如权利要求1的方法,其特征在于酰亚胺化是在催化剂存在下进行的,催化剂用量是聚合物中每100摩尔酐基用0.0001~100摩尔催化剂。
12、如权利要求11的方法,其特征在于酰胺亚胺化是在催化剂存在下进行,催化剂用量是聚合物中每100摩尔酐基用0.01~10摩尔催化剂。
13、如权利要求1的方法,其特征在于乙烯基芳香族单体是选自苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、对甲基苯乙烯、对叔丁基苯乙烯、邻和对氯苯乙烯。
14、如权利要求1的方法,其特征在于待酰亚胺化的共聚物含有除乙烯基芳香族单体外,烯类单体也可选自丙烯腈、氯乙烯、1,1-二氟乙烯、乙酸乙烯酯、烯烃、乙烯醚、二烯烃和卤代二烯烃。
15、如权利要求14的方法,其特征在于待酰亚胺化的共聚物含有高弹相。
16、如前述权利要求中任一项的方法,其特征在于酰亚胺化剂选自分子式为NH2-CO-NH2的尿素,二甲基脲、乙基脲和缩二脲。
17、如权利要求1的方法,其特征在于酰亚胺化反应温度范围为120℃~280℃。
18、如权利要求11的方法,其特征在于催化剂是选自路易斯酸、pK值低于5的强Broensted酸,所述强Broensted酸的盐和其混合物。
19、如权利要求18的方法,其特征在于其中强Broensted酸的pK值低于3。
20、如权利要求18或19的方法,其特征在于路易斯酸选自:ZnCl2,BF3,AlCl3,AlBr3,SnCl4,TiCl4,SbCl5,SbF5,三苯基硼和三苯氧基硼。
21、如权利要求18或19的方法,其特征在于强Broensted酸或其相应的盐选自氢氯酸、氟硼酸、氟磺酸、三氟甲磺酸、苯磺酸和C1-12烷基苯磺酸,或所述酸的铵盐或碱金属盐。
22、如权利要求18或19的方法,其特征在于催化剂选自ZnCl2,AlCl3,对甲苯磺酸、氟硼酸铵和氯化铵。
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US4399263A (en) * | 1981-12-24 | 1983-08-16 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. | Modification of ethylene/acrylate/carboxylic polymer |
FR2528066A1 (fr) * | 1982-06-04 | 1983-12-09 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Additifs azotes utilisables comme agents d'abaissement du point de trouble des distillats moyens d'hydrocarbures et compositions de distillats moyens d'hydrocarbures renfermant lesdits additifs |
JPS5915404A (ja) * | 1982-07-16 | 1984-01-26 | Toray Ind Inc | マレイミド系共重合体の製造方法 |
FR2535723A1 (fr) * | 1982-11-09 | 1984-05-11 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Additifs azotes utilisables comme agents d'abaissement du point de trouble des distillats moyens d'hydrocarbures et compositions de distillats moyens d'hydrocarbures renfermant lesdits additifs |
JPS6079012A (ja) * | 1983-10-06 | 1985-05-04 | Nippon Zeon Co Ltd | 水溶性ジカルボン酸イミド系化合物の製造法 |
DE3405843A1 (de) * | 1984-02-17 | 1985-08-29 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Copolymere auf basis von maleinsaeureanhydrid und (alpha), (beta)-ungesaettigten verbindungen, ein verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung als paraffininhibitoren |
DE3430802A1 (de) * | 1984-08-22 | 1986-03-06 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahen zur herstellung von maleinimidhaltigen polymeren |
-
1987
- 1987-12-29 IT IT23242/87A patent/IT1224419B/it active
-
1988
- 1988-12-26 JP JP63328776A patent/JPH01204904A/ja active Pending
- 1988-12-27 US US07/289,824 patent/US4889896A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-12-28 EP EP19880121813 patent/EP0322905A3/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-12-29 CN CN88109168.5A patent/CN1022840C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1034549A (zh) | 1989-08-09 |
IT8723242A0 (it) | 1987-12-29 |
US4889896A (en) | 1989-12-26 |
EP0322905A3 (en) | 1991-05-02 |
IT1224419B (it) | 1990-10-04 |
JPH01204904A (ja) | 1989-08-17 |
EP0322905A2 (en) | 1989-07-05 |
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