CN102280672B - 一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统 - Google Patents

一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统 Download PDF

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CN102280672B
CN102280672B CN201110184651.7A CN201110184651A CN102280672B CN 102280672 B CN102280672 B CN 102280672B CN 201110184651 A CN201110184651 A CN 201110184651A CN 102280672 B CN102280672 B CN 102280672B
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heat pipe
battery
battery cell
heat
control system
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CN102280672A (zh
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王立涛
李翔
余英
李武峰
严辉
魏刚
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Abstract

本发明涉及电动汽车技术领域，更具体涉及一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统，该热管控温系统包括电池外箱、电池内箱以及设置在电池内箱内的多个电池单体，电池单体与电池单体之间紧密夹持有散热热管或加热热管，散热热管或加热热管相间设置，电池外箱箱体上设有外箱保温板，电池内箱箱体顶部设置有内箱盖板，电池内箱箱体其余部分设置有内箱保温板，电池内箱底部设置有加热器件，电池外箱上设置有散热风扇，本热管控温系统既能在北方严寒的冬季给电池加温，又能在夏季炎热天气给电池散热，使电池组具有一个良好的工作环境，对于提高电池组的使用性能和安全性具有重大作用。

Description

一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统
技术领域：
本发明涉及电动汽车技术领域，更具体涉及一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统。
背景技术：
电动汽车上的核心技术之一就是能源储备及供给系统，特别对于锂电池，车载电池组的电池散热和温度的均一性，对于提高电池组的使用性能和安全性具有重大作用，将电池的工作温度控制在20-45℃之间，无论对于电池的电性能，还是安全性能来说均有好处。温度越低，电解液的离子电导率越低，电极反应的进行速度也越慢，不仅会造成电池容量和功率性能的下降，而且低温充电还容易引起负极表面析锂，给电池带来安全隐患，并导致电池循环性能的快速恶化；而温度太高时，电极表面的钝化膜的稳定性将受到影响，电池容易发生鼓胀，并导致循环性能的降低，此外，过高的温度不利于电池体内热量的释放，容易导致安全性问题。
热管是一种传热元件，它充分利用了热传导原理与相变传热原理，透过热管将发热物体的热量迅速传递到热源外，其导热能力超过任何已知金属的导热能力，热管技术已广泛应用于空间飞行器、核反应堆、电子器件冷却等领域。
由于锂电池的最佳工作温度范围较窄，而目前电动汽车用锂电池在车内的温度环境状况较差，夏季电池散热不良，造成容量和功率的下降，容易导致安全事故；北方冬季极端寒冷情况下，目前所使用的电动汽车电池放电性能下降都非常严重，甚至汽车无法行驶。
发明内容：
本发明的目的是提供一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统，即能在北方严寒的冬季给电池加温，又能在夏季炎热天气给电池散热，使电池组具有一个良好的工作环境，对于提高电池组的使用性能和安全性具有重大作用。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
本发明提供的一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统，该热管控温系统包括电池外箱、电池内箱以及设置在电池内箱内的多个电池单体，所述电池单体与电池单体之间紧密夹持有散热热管或加热热管，所述散热热管或加热热管相间设置；所述电池外箱箱体上设有外箱保温板，所述电池内箱箱体顶部设置有内箱盖板，所述电池内箱箱体其余部分设置有内箱保温板，所述内箱盖板与电池单体顶部之间留有空隙，所述内箱保温板与电池单体之间留有空隙，所述电池内箱底部靠近电池单体底部的一侧设置有加热器件，所述加热器件与电池单体底部之间留有空隙；所述散热热管的上端比电池单体顶部高，所述散热热管的下端比电池单体底部高，所述散热热管的上端高出的部分与内箱盖板紧密接触；所述加热热管的上端比电池单体顶部低，所述加热热管的下端比电池单体底部低，所述加热热管的下端长出的部分与所述加热器件紧密接触；所述电池外箱上设置有散热风扇。
本发明提供的一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统技术方案中，所述电池单体与电池单体之间仅夹持有一个散热热管或一个加热热管。
本发明提供的另一优选的一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统技术方案中，所述散热热管和加热热管为片状热管，所述片状热管表面设有绝缘涂层。
本发明提供的再一优选的一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统技术方案中，所述散热热管是将电池单体内部热量散发出去的热管，所述加热热管是将外部热量传递到电池单体内部的热管。
本发明提供的又一优选的一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统技术方案中，所述电池内箱箱体顶部的内箱盖板为保温板或者散热板。
本发明提供的又一优选的一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统技术方案中，所述电池内箱上开有散热孔。
本发明提供的又一优选的一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统技术方案中，所述散热热管的上端高出部分设置在内箱盖板与电池单体顶部之间的空隙内。
本发明提供的又一优选的一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统技术方案中，所述加热热管的下端长出电池单体底部的部分设置在加热器件顶部与电池单体底部之间留有的空隙内。
本发明提供的又一优选的一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统技术方案中，所述外箱保温板、内箱盖板、内箱保温板均为可拆卸式安装。
本发明提供的又一优选的一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统技术方案中，所述散热风扇安装在电池外箱上靠近顶部的位置，所述散热风扇设有风门。
由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明得到的有益效果是：
1、电池箱采用传热效率极高的热管技术对电池箱进行散热或加温，解决了动力电池受温度影响巨大的问题，配合箱体可拆卸的双重保温层，给电池提供一个良好的温度环境，大大提高了车载动力电池的使用性能和安全性；
2、电池内部的热管采用最先进的片状热管技术，可以更加紧密的贴和在电池单体内部，导热面积更大，传热效果远高于现有的电池箱传热技术；
3、根据电池内部的热场分布情况，更佳合理的布置热管位置，保证了电池内部的温度场分布的一致性
4、散热热管与加热热管在电池内部间隔分布，散热与加热互不影响
5、热管表面采用先进的绝缘涂层，解决了电池内部的绝缘要求；
附图说明
图1为一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统的电池箱剖面图；
图2为一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统加热状态示意图；
图3为一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统散热状态示意图；
图4为本发明中拆去顶部内箱盖板的电池内箱示意图；
其中，1-电池内箱，2-电池外箱，3-外箱保温板，4-内箱盖板，5-散热热管，6-电池单体，7-加热热管，8-加热器件，9-散热风扇，10-风门，11-辊子，12-内箱保温板。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对发明作进一步的详细说明。
实施例1：
如图1-4所示，本例的发明一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统，包括电池外箱2和设置在电池外箱2内部的电池内箱1，电池内箱1上开有散热孔，电池内箱1内部设置有多个电池单体6，每个电池单体6与电池单体6之间紧密夹持有散热热管5或加热热管7，本例中每个电池单体6与电池单体6之间仅夹持有一个散热热管5或一个加热热管7，散热热管5或加热热管7相间设置，散热热管5和加热热管7为片状热管，片状热管表面设有绝缘涂层，散热热管5是将电池单体6内部热量散发出去的热管，加热热管7是将外部热量传递到电池单体6内部的热管；电池外箱2箱体四周设有外箱保温板3，外箱保温板3为可拆卸式安装，电池内箱1箱体顶部设置有内箱盖板4，电池内箱1箱体其余部分设置有内箱保温板12，内箱盖板4和内箱保温板12为可拆卸式安装，电池内箱1箱体顶部的内箱盖板4可以为保温板或者散热板，内箱盖板4底部与电池单体6顶部之间留有空隙，电池内箱1底部靠近电池单体6底部的一侧设置有加热器件8，加热器件8顶部与电池单体6底部之间留有空隙；散热热管5的上端比电池单体6顶部高，散热热管5的下端比电池单体6底部高，散热热管5的上端高出的部分与内箱盖板4紧密接触，本例中散热热管5的上端高出的部分刚好设置在顶部的内箱盖板4与电池单体6顶部之间的空隙内，散热热管5的上端高出部分与其另一部分弯曲成一个角度，这个角度跟电池单体6上与散热热管5接触部分的弯曲角度相等，散热热管5近似呈L字型，目的是使电池单体6与散热热管5的接触面积更大，同时散热热管5与内箱盖板4接触面积也变大，传热效果更好；加热热管7的上端比电池单体6顶部低，加热热管7的下端比电池单体6底部低，加热热管7的下端长出的部分与加热器件8顶部紧密接触，本例中加热热管7的下端长出的部分刚好设置在加热器件8顶部与电池单体6底部之间留有的空隙内，加热热管7的下端长出电池单体6底部的部分与其另一部分弯曲成一个角度，这个角度跟电池单体6上与加热热管7接触部分的弯曲角度相等，加热热管7近似呈L字型，目的是使电池单体6与加热热管7的接触面积更大，同时加热热管7与加热器件8顶部接触面积也变大，传热热效果更好；电池外箱2上设置有散热风扇9，散热风扇9安装在电池外箱2上靠近顶部的位置，散热风扇9设有风门10；电池内箱1底部的内箱保温板12与电池外箱2底部的外箱保温板3之间均匀设置有辊子11。
在本例中本发明的电池外箱2箱体上与散热风扇9相对立的一面设有开口，目的是通过这个口将电池内箱1放置在电池外箱2内部，电池内箱1底部在辊子11上滑动来实现进出电池外箱2，这种方式与抽屉原理类似；电池内箱1的一端上还设置有一块稍大的保温板，用于上述的电池外箱2箱体上的口进行密封保温。
本发明在冬夏季节工作原理如下：
冬季状态：散热风扇9风门10关闭，这里优选内箱盖板4为保温板，加热器件8工作，热管传导热量具有单向性，所以加热热管7将加热器件8热量传导至电池中央，此时散热热管5几乎不工作，热量如图2中箭头所示，由加热器件8传至加热热管7下部，由加热热管7下部传至加热热管7上部，再传至电池单体6。由于散热热管5上部去掉散热板换为保温板，即使有少量热传入散热热管5，热量依然存留在电池内箱。
夏季状态：拆除电池内外箱的保温板，内箱有较多的散热孔，散热风扇9工作时风扇风门10打开，这里优选内箱盖板4为散热板，由于热管传导热量具有单向性，散热热管5将电池内部热量传导至电池内箱1顶部的散热板，由散热风扇9将热量排出，加热器件8不工作，所以加热热管7几乎不工作，热量如图3中箭头所示，由电池单体6传入散热热管5，传至散热热管5上部，再传至顶部的散热板，并由后部的散热风扇9将热量排出电池外箱。由于电池内外箱的保温板全部拆除，电池单体内热量不但可以由散热热管5导出散掉，也可从散热孔排出，大大提高了散热效率。
最后应该说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，而未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，其均应涵盖在本权利要求范围当中。

Claims (8)

1.一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统，该热管控温系统包括电池外箱(2)、电池内箱(1)以及设置在电池内箱(1)内的多个电池单体(6)，其特征在于：所述电池单体(6)与电池单体(6)之间紧密夹持有散热热管(5)或加热热管(7)，所述散热热管(5)或加热热管(7)相间设置；所述电池外箱(2)箱体上设有外箱保温板(3)，所述电池内箱(1)箱体顶部设置有内箱盖板(4)，所述电池内箱(1)箱体其余部分设置有内箱保温板(12)，所述内箱盖板(4)与电池单体(6)顶部之间留有空隙，所述内箱保温板(12)与电池单体(6)之间留有空隙，所述电池内箱(1)底部靠近电池单体(6)底部的一侧设置有加热器件(8)，所述加热器件(8)与电池单体(6)底部之间留有空隙；所述散热热管(5)的上端比电池单体(6)顶部高，所述散热热管(5)的下端比电池单体(6)底部高，所述散热热管(5)的上端高出的部分与内箱盖板(4)紧密接触；所述加热热管(7)的上端比电池单体(6)顶部低，所述加热热管(7)的下端比电池单体(6)底部低，所述加热热管(7)的下端长出的部分与所述加热器件(8)紧密接触；所述电池外箱(2)上设置有散热风扇(9)；
所述电池单体(6)与电池单体(6)之间仅夹持有一个散热热管(5)或一个加热热管(7)；
所述散热热管(5)和加热热管(7)为片状热管，所述片状热管表面设有绝缘涂层。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统，其特征在于：所述散热热管(5)是将电池单体(6)内部热量散发出去的热管，所述加热热管(7)是将外部热量传递到电池单体(6)内部的热管。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统，其特征在于：所述电池内箱(1)箱体顶部的内箱盖板(4)为保温板或者散热板。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统，其特征在于：所述电池内箱(1)上开有散热孔。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统，其特征在于：所述散热热管(5)的上端高出部分设置在内箱盖板与电池单体顶部之间的空隙内。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统，其特征在于：所述加热热管(7)的下端长出电池单体(6)底部的部分设置在加热器件(8)顶部与电池单体(6)底部之间留有的空隙内。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统，其特征在于：所述外箱保温板(3)、内箱盖板(4)、内箱保温板(12)均为可拆卸式安装。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种车用动力电池箱的热管控温系统，其特征在于：所述散热风扇(9)安装在电池外箱(2)上靠近顶部的位置，所述散热风扇(9)设有风门(10)。
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