CN102250197A - 一种麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物的制备方法,通过将中药麦冬粉碎,甲醇浸提,抽滤浓缩,先经ODS柱分离,再通过硅胶色谱开口柱分离获得。本发明通过抗老年痴呆的体外筛选模型-大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤细胞实验证实所述的麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物具有显著的类似神经生长因子(NGF)活性,可促使神经细胞长出突起,可在制备预防和治疗老年性痴呆,尤其在制备治疗阿尔茨海默症等神经退行性疾病药物中的应用。本发明拓展了麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物的药物用途,制备方法简便,提取的产物纯度高,且麦冬来源广泛,取材便利。
Description
技术领域
本发明属中药领域,具体涉及一种麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物的制备方法,以及其在制备预防及治疗老年性痴呆等神经退行性疾病药物中的应用。
背景技术
随着全球社会人口的发展,老年人口的增长是世界性的趋势,而老年性痴呆的患病率和发病率也逐渐增高,老年性痴呆不仅是一个医学难题, 而将成为一个突出的社会问题。目前,全球老年性痴呆患者可能已达1700万,随着人口老龄化的进程,老年性痴呆的发病率已上升为常见死亡原因的第3位,仅次于心脑血管病和癌症。老年性痴呆症在我国也已逐渐成为严重威胁老年人健康的顽症。老年期痴呆是指老年期发生的痴呆,包括阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s Dementia) ,血管性痴呆(Vascular dementia) ,混合性痴呆(mixed dementia) 和其他原因所致痴呆[2]。阿尔茨海默病的病理学特征表现为脑内大量淀粉样老年斑(SP), 神经纤维缠结(NF T)及选择性神经元和突触缺失,多种神经递质尤其是乙酰胆碱严重下降, 相应地形成了以β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)、tau蛋白及神经元缺失三大机制研究领域。
近年来随着对AD的神经生理、生化、药理等方面不断的深入研究, 防治AD的药物开发研究不断取得进展。目前对老年痴呆的药物治疗主要是通过抑制acChE来提高患者体内的乙酰胆碱水平,即乙酰胆碱酯酶(Acetylcholinesterase, AChE)抑制剂,它是临床上用于治疗AD最早最为成熟的一类药物。目前, 对于轻、中度AD患者的治疗,经美国FDA批准上市的药品有4种,他克林(tacrine)、多奈哌齐(donepezil)、利斯的明(Rivastigmine)、加兰他敏(Galantamine),均为乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂。β、γ分泌酶抑制药;脑代谢调节剂,如长春胺、尼莫地平;影响自由基代谢的药物,如司来吉林、维生素E等。目前用于治疗AD的药物品种繁多,适用于不同的作用机制,它们在某种程度上,是起到了缓解老年痴呆的作用,但是无论是上市或者在研的药物,都有一定的毒副作用,目前AD仍为一个没有办法根治的顽疾。因此,寻找针对AD病因的新的有效治疗药物和方法,成为当今研究的热点和难点。在众多的待选药物中,我们把目光投向了神经生长因子。
神经生长因子(NGF)属于神经营养因子(NTF)家族的成员,维持神经元的数量和存活。NGF对神经系统的正常发育及功能维持,促进损伤神经的再生与修复具有重要作用。 NGF 作为一种可能治疗AD 的有效方法,但目前仍存在下列问题: (1) 价格昂贵; (2) 相对分子质量大, 不能透过(Blood Brain Barrier, BBB)[25],只可脑室内注射,长期治疗存在许多技术问题。因此,寻找类似于NGF活性,并且可以顺利通过血脑屏障的小分子化合物即NGF mimics,已经成为了目前的研究热点。到目前为止,科学家们已经发现了近百种NGF mimics,可以有效的促进神经细胞增长,部分化合物已经完成了结构修饰或是全合成。目前,NGF mimics已有化合物扎利罗登Xaliproden处于三期临床阶段。
此外,我国天然资源丰富,地大物博,有很多宝贵的道地药材,并且对其新的成分和新的活性的研究也十分重视。研究表明,中药对老年性痴呆症有显著疗效,其中最著名的是从蛇足石杉中提取的生物碱-石杉碱甲(huperzine A),它是一种高效高选择性的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制药。
麦冬( Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker-Gawl)为百合科植物麦冬的干燥块根,为常用中药.主要用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛等症。主要含有甾体皂苷、高异黄酮等多种成分。其中麦冬甾体皂苷作为主要的有效成分之一,具有广泛的生物学活性,一直受到国内外相关领域研究者瞩目。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种操作简便、纯度高的总甾体皂苷提取物的制备方法,主要通过以下步骤实现:
(1)粉碎和浸提:
中药麦冬经粉碎后,用工业级甲醇室温下浸提4~5天,抽滤浓缩,得甲醇浸提物粗样;
(2)分离和纯化:
将甲醇浸提粗样先经十八烷基键合硅胶色谱柱(ODS)开口柱分离,溶剂系统为甲醇:水,含目的提取物的样品进一步通过硅胶色谱开口柱的分离,溶剂系统为氯仿:甲醇,最终得到麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物。
本发明制备的总甾体皂苷提取物,其提取物中的总甾体皂苷的含量>50%,同时鉴定了其中包含的四种甾体皂苷类化合物,,分别是化合物(1):Ophiopogonin D;化合物(2):(25R)-3β-hydroxyspirost-5-en-1β-yl-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]- 4-(2-hydroxy-3-methylvaleryl)-α-L-arabinopyranoside;化合物(3):Sprengerinin C;化合物(4): 14-hydroxy Sprengerinin C。其结构式如下:
化合物(1)
化合物(2)
化合物(3)
化合物(4)
本发明的另一目的是提供上述方法获得的总甾体皂苷提取物在制备预防老年痴呆症等神经退行性疾病的药物中的应用。主要是在制备治疗阿尔茨海默症(AD)等神经退行性疾病药物中的应用。
本发明进一步还提供一种预防老年痴呆症等神经退行性疾病的药物组合物,该药物组合物含有生理有效量的麦冬总甾体皂苷和药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂。
这里所述的药学上可接受的载体是指药学领域常规的药物载体,例如稀释剂等,填充剂如淀粉、蔗糖等;粘合剂如淀粉浆、羟丙纤维素等;湿润剂如硬脂酸镁、微粉硅胶等;吸收促进剂聚山梨脂、卵磷脂等,表面活性剂伯洛沙姆、脂肪酸山梨坦等,另外还可以在组合物中加入其它辅剂如香味剂、甜味剂等。
本发明所述的总甾体皂苷提取物可以以单位剂量形式给药,给药途径可为肠道和非肠道。
本发明所述的总甾体皂苷提取物给药途径可为静脉给药。注射包括静脉注射、肌肉注射、皮下注射和穴位注射。
本发明的药物组合物的各种剂型可以按照药学领域的常规生产方法制备,例如使总甾体皂苷提取物活性成分与一种或多种载体混合,然后将其制成所需的剂型。
给药剂型可以是固体制剂、胶囊剂或液体制剂,包括胶囊剂、片剂、口服液、输液、小针、冻干粉针、软膏、栓剂或搽剂。
本发明采用PC 12细胞作为有效的活性鉴定系统,从麦冬的块根中分离出一类具有NGF–mimics活性的总甾体皂苷提取物,制备方法简便,提取的产物纯度高,且麦冬来源广泛,取材便利,容易获得大量的总甾体皂苷提取物。该总甾体皂苷提取物在老年性痴呆的体外筛选模型PC 12细胞中表现出显著的NGF mimics活性,为预防和治疗老年痴呆症等神经退行性疾病的新药研发进行基础性研究,将具有重要的现实意义。
附图说明
图 1 加入麦冬活成份,经48小时后PC 12细胞的神经突起分化率。
图 2 加入麦冬活性成份,经48小时后PC 12 细胞神经突起的显微照片。
具体实施方式
本发明结合附图和实施例作进一步的说明。
实施例1 麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物的制备
1)粉碎和浸提:
9.5 kg中药麦冬粉碎后,用50 L甲醇(工业级)室温下震荡浸提3天。抽滤、浓缩后,得到甲醇浸提物粗样1.2 kg。
2)分离和纯化:
将水层粗样先经ODS开口柱分离(溶剂系统按体积比为甲醇:水 = 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 90:10, 甲醇:氯仿 = 1:1);然后,将含有活性成分的样品(3.8 g)用硅胶开口柱再次分离(200-300目,溶剂系统按体积比为甲醇:氯仿 = 10:90, 15:85, 20:80, 25: 75, 30:70);最后,得到白色的麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物(1.1 g)。
本发明测定了制得的麦冬总甾体皂苷的含量>50%, 用HPLC分析后,得到化合物1-4,其中化合物(1)为Ophiopogonin D;化合物(2)为(25R)-3β-hydroxyspirost-5-en-1β-yl-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β- D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside;化合物(3)为Sprengerinin C;化合物(4)为 14-hydroxy Sprengerinin C。
实施例2
对实施例1所得化合物1-4的理化特征及化学结构的定性鉴定:
化合物(1)结构经MS、1H NMR、 13C NMR测试,并与文献数据对比后确定。
化合物(2)的结构经HR MS、 1H NMR、 13C NMR、DEPT、COSY、HMBC、HSQC和HOHAHA测定后确定。
化合物(3)结构经MS、1H NMR、 13C NMR测试,并与文献数据对比后确定。
化合物(4)结构经MS、1H NMR、 13C NMR测试,并与文献数据对比后确定。
化合物(1)的理化性质:白色固体,[α] -105.7 (c 0.45, pyridine); 13C NMR (125 MHz, in pyridine-d 5): 139.5 (C-5), 124.7 (C-6), 109.2 (C-22), 106.6 (C-1′′′), 101.7 (C-1′′), 100.4 (C-1′), 85.4 (C-3′), 83.4 (C-1), 81.0 (C-16), 78.3 (C-3′′′), 74.6 (C-4′′), 74.2 (C-2′), 73.8 (C-2′′′), 72.6 (C-3′′), ,72.5 (C- 4′, 2′′), 70.9 (C-5′), 70.7 (C-4′′′), 69.3 (C-5′′), 68.2 (C-3), 67.0 (C-5′′′), 66.7 (C-26), 62.9 (C-17), 57.1 (C-14), 50.5 (C-9), 43.8 (C-4), 42.7 (C-10), 41.9 (C-20), 40.4 (C-13), 40.1 (C-12), 38.0 (C-2), 33.0 (C-8), 32.3 (C-7), 32.0 (C-15), 31.7 (C-23), 30.5 (C-25), 29.2 (C-24), 24.0 (C-11), 19.1 (Me-6′′), 17.2 (Me-27), 17.0 (Me-6′), 16.8 (Me-18), 14.9 (Me-21), 14.8 (Me-19); ESI-MS m/z:855 [M + H]+.
化合物(2)的理化性质:白色固体,分子式为C49H78O18;HR FT-ICR MS: m/z 977.5095 [M+Na]+,理论值C49H78O18 Na: 977.5080。红外光谱(KBr)值:3425, 1727, 1592, 和1055 cm-1;氢谱和碳谱数据见表 1。
对化合物(2)的阿拉伯糖4位上侧链的立体构型的确定(化合物(2)的水解反应)。
将化合物(2)(3 mg)、无水K2CO3 (4 mg)、1 mL 甲醇置于5 mL圆底烧瓶中,室温搅拌24小时。反应停止后,浓缩,粗产品用2 mL水溶解,经ODS纯化,得化合物(2a)(0.2 mg,收率:48%)和(2b)(1.8 mg,收率:68%)。化合物(2)的水解产物(2a)的立体构型的确认进一步确定化合物(1)的立体构型。反应式如下:
a 500 MHz, 括号内为耦合常数 (J in Hz),b125 MHz.。
化合物(2a)的理化性质:无色油状,[α] +18.4 (c 0.03, CHCl3 ); 1H NMR (CDCl3) : 4.19 (1H, d, J = 3.5 Hz, H-2), 1.91 (1H, m, H-3), 1.43 and 1.30 (2H, m, H-4), 1.03 (3H, d, J = 7.0 Hz, Me-6), 0.93 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz, Me-5); ESI-MS m/z: 155 [M + Na]+。
化合物(2b)的理化性质:白色固体,[α] -105.7 (c 0.45, pyridine); 13C NMR (125 MHz, in pyridine-d 5) : 139.5 (C-5), 124.7 (C-6), 109.2 (C-22), 106.6 (C-1′′′), 101.7 (C-1′′), 100.4 (C-1′), 85.4 (C-3′), 83.4 (C-1), 81.0 (C-16), 78.3 (C-3′′′), 74.6 (C-4′′), 74.2 (C-2′), 73.8 (C-2′′′), 72.6 (C-3′′), ,72.5 (C- 4′, 2′′), 70.9 (C-5′), 70.7 (C-4′′′), 69.3 (C-5′′), 68.2 (C-3), 67.0 (C-5′′′), 66.7 (C-26), 62.9 (C-17), 57.1 (C-14), 50.5 (C-9), 43.8 (C-4), 42.7 (C-10), 41.9 (C-20), 40.4 (C-13), 40.1 (C-12), 38.0 (C-2), 33.0 (C-8), 32.3 (C-7), 32.0 (C-15), 31.7 (C-23), 30.5 (C-25), 29.2 (C-24), 24.0 (C-11), 19.1 (Me-6′′), 17.2 (Me-27), 17.0 (Me-6′), 16.8 (Me-18), 14.9 (Me-21), 14.8 (Me-19); ESI-MS m/z:855 [M + H]+。
化合物(3)的理化性质:白色固体,[α] -87.0 (c 0.5, pyridine); 13C NMR (125 MHz, in pyridine-d 5) : 140.7 (C-5), 121.7 (C-6), 109.1 (C-22), 105.6 (C-1′′′), 101.9 (C-1′′), 99.8 (C-1′), 81.3 (C-4′), 80.9 (C-16), 78.3 (C-3′′′), 78.0 (C-3), 77.4 (C-2′), 77.2 (C-3′), 76.1 (C-5′), 74.8 (C-2′′′), 74.0 (C-4′′), ,72.7 (C- 3′′), 72.4 (C-2′′), 70.7 (C-4′′′), 69.4 (C-5′′), 67.2 (C-26), 66.7 (C-5′′′), 62.7 (C-17), 61.4 (C-6′), 56.5 (C-14), 50.1 (C-9), 41.8 (C-20), 40.3 (C-13), 39.7 (C-4), 38.8 (C-12), 37.3 (C-1), 37.0 (C-10), 32.2 (C-7), 32.1 (C-15), 31.7 (C-8), 31.5 (C-23), 30.5 (C-25), 30.0 (C-2), 29.1 (C-24), 20.9 (C-11), 19.3 (Me-19), 18.6 (Me-6′′), 17.2 (Me-27), 16.2 (Me-18), 14.9 (Me-21); ESI-MS m/z:877 [M + Na]+。
化合物(4)的理化性质:白色固体,[α] -95.0 (c 0.1, pyridine); 13C NMR (125 MHz, in pyridine-d 5) : 140.1 (C-5), 122.3 (C-6), 109.5 (C-22), 105.6 (C-1′′′), 101.9 (C-1′′), 99.8 (C-1′), 86.3 (C-14), 81.8 (C-16), 81.3 (C-4′), 78.2 (C-3), 78.0 (C-3′′′), 77.4 (C-2′), 77.2 (C-3′), 76.1 (C-5′), 74.8 (C-2′′′), 74.0 (C-4′′), ,72.7 (C- 3′′), 72.4 (C-2′′), 70.7 (C-4′′′), 69.4 (C-5′′), 67.2 (C-5′′′), 66.7 (C-26), 61.5 (C-6′), 59.8 (C-17), 45.0 (C-13), 43.5 (C-9), 41.9 (C-20), 39.8 (C-4), 38.9 (C-15), 37.6 (C-1), 37.4 (C-10), 35.5 (C-8), 31.8 (C-2), 30.5 (C-12, 25), 30.1 (C-23), 29.2 (C-24), 26.6 (C-7), 20.3 (C-11), 19.9 (Me-18), 19.2 (Me-19), 18.6 (Me-6′′), 17.2 (Me-27), 15.2 (Me-21); ESI-MS m/z: 915 [M +COOH]-。
实施例3
中药麦冬来源的麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物的生物活性。
在神经退行性变动物模型中,研究发现NGF能阻止或减少神经元的退变,一定程度可阻止AD进展,具有促进神经生长和神经保护作用。由于PC12细胞具有神经细胞的一般特征,在NGF的作用下PC12细胞会停止分裂,长出突起,转化成神经元样细胞。因此,采用PC 12细胞作为有效的活性鉴定系统,筛选具有活性的有效成分,将成为治疗老年性痴呆的有效药物。
实验方法:
1)PC 12细胞的培养:接20×104个PC 12细胞于100 mm的培养皿中,含10 mL DMEM培养基(其中含10%马血清、5%胎牛血清),两天后更换一次培养基,再过三天继代。先用PBS将细胞洗两次,再加入10 mLPBS于培养皿中,在37 ℃,5% CO2的培养箱内培养10分钟,吹洗,转移到15 mL的一次性离心管,离心后血球计数板上计数。24孔细胞培养板每孔先加入1 mL含血清的DMEM培养基,细胞计数后,每孔接2×104个细胞,CO2培养箱培养24小时后加样。
2)活性测试:以DMSO为阴性对照,NGF 40 ng为阳性对照,将麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物配置成不同浓度的DMSO溶液。用1 mL含1% DMSO和样品的DMEM溶液(不含血清)将24孔细胞板的每孔原培养基取代后,放入37 ℃,5% CO2的培养箱中培养。倒置显微镜下每隔24小时、连续6天观察细胞形态变化,记录细胞的神经突起分化率 (神经突起长于胞体直径一倍的细胞数目与视野下总细胞数目的比值),每个视野下约100个细胞,随机选取3处,并统计作图分析。
3)实验结果:
在一定浓度下,麦冬甲醇初提物(I),ODS纯化后的活性馏分(II),麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物(III), 化合物1-4,在48小时后观察,七个样品均显示出很好的NGF-mimics活性。参见图 1, 2,以1%的DMSO作为阴性对照,麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物(III)在最适浓度0.1 μg/mL的条件下,诱导PC 12细胞产生的神经突起率将近阳性对照NGF诱导的突起率,活性最好。图1中,C:1% DMSO为阴性对照;NGF (40 ng/mL)为阳性对照;I:甲醇初提物;II:ODS纯化后活性馏分;III:总甾体皂苷提取物; I, II, III的浓度单位是/mL;化合物1-4的浓度单位是。图2中,a:1% DMSO为阴性对照;b:NGF 40 ng/mL为阳性对照;c:甲醇初提物 (3 /mL);d:ODS纯化后活性馏分 (10 /mL);e:总甾体皂苷提取物 (0.1 /mL)。
Claims (6)
1.一种麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物的制备方法,其特征在于:
(1)粉碎和浸提:
中药麦冬经粉碎后,用工业级甲醇室温下浸提4~5天,抽滤浓缩,得甲醇浸提物粗样;
(2)分离和纯化:
将甲醇粗样先经十八烷基键合硅胶色谱柱开口柱分离,溶剂系统为甲醇:水,含目的提取物的样品进一步通过硅胶色谱开口柱的分离,溶剂系统为氯仿:甲醇,最终得到麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物,其中的总甾体皂苷含量>50%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物的制备方法,其特征在于:制备获得的提取物中包含四种甾体皂苷类化合物,总含量>50%,分别是化合物(1):Ophiopogonin D;化合物(2):(25R)-3β-hydroxyspirost-5-en-1β-yl- O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]- 4-(2-hydroxy-3-methylvaleryl)-α-L-arabinopyranoside;化合物(3):Sprengerinin C;化合物(4): 14-hydroxy Sprengerinin C。
3.根据权利要求1所述方法制备获得的一种麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物在制备预防老年痴呆症神经退行性疾病的药物中的应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物在制备治疗阿尔茨海默症药物中的应用。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物的剂型为固体制剂或液体制剂。
6.根据权利要求3或4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物的给药途径为肠道和非肠道。
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CN110101790A (zh) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-08-09 | 福建工程学院 | 负载麦冬甾体皂苷的胶原微球的制备方法 |
CN114767783A (zh) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-07-22 | 澳门大学 | 麦冬提取物在制备预防或治疗帕金森病的药物中的应用、药物及保健品 |
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CN110101790A (zh) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-08-09 | 福建工程学院 | 负载麦冬甾体皂苷的胶原微球的制备方法 |
CN114767783A (zh) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-07-22 | 澳门大学 | 麦冬提取物在制备预防或治疗帕金森病的药物中的应用、药物及保健品 |
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