CN102242316A - H13 die steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
H13 die steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to H13 die steel and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of wear-resistant materials. The H13 die steel comprises the following chemical elements in percentage by weight: 0.40 to 0.46 percent of C, 6.00 to 6.30 percent of Cr, 0.50 to 0.65 percent of V, 0.30 to 0.45 percent of Mo, 0.85 to 1.05 percent of Mn, 1.25 to 1.55 percent of Si, 0.12 to 0.25 percent of W, 0.008 to 0.018 percent of Nb, 0.008 to 0.015 percent of Ta, 0.08 to 0.12 percent of Ti, 0.003 to 0.006 percent of B, 0.08 to 0.15 percent of Al, 0.03 to 0.06 percent of N, 0.06 to 0.12 percent of Y, less than 0.025 percent of S, less than 0.030 percent of P and the balance of Fe. The H13 die steel has the advantages that: the content of precious alloy elements, namely molybdenum and vanadium is low, the H13 die steel is not required to be forged, and forging can be replaced by casting, so that the cost of the H13 steel is obviously reduced; the performance of the H13 steel can be obviously improved, and a tungsten slag iron alloy is recycled; a solidification structure can be obviously refined, and the mechanical property of the H13 steel is improved; and the H13 steel has high wear resistance and is used as a hot working die, and the service life is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to die steel and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of H13 die steel and preparation method thereof belongs to the high-abrasive material technical field
Background technology
With the Mould Machining forming part have that production efficiency height, quality are good, series of advantages such as economical with materials and cost are low, range of application is extremely extensive.Hot-work die steel is the important moulding stock of a class, because hot-work die at high temperature works long hours, along with its tissue of prolongation of active time will change, performance also can correspondingly change, therefore, this just requires hot-work die steel to have good obdurability, cold and hot fatigue property and high high-temp stability etc.
4Cr5MoSiV1(is the H13 steel, and is as follows) be both to have can be used for hot forged mould, can be used for hot-extrusion mold again, can also be used for the interalloy hot-work die steel of die casting.The H13 steel is developed in the second half in previous generation by the U.S. the earliest, because it has very excellent hardening capacity, and characteristics such as good toughness, wear resistance height, thermal fatigue resistance be good, in hot-work die steel, the over-all properties performance of H13 steel is very outstanding, therefore, it is accepted by manufacturer rapidly and becomes the main flow hot-work die steel, and is adopted by each developed country of the world successively.The main characteristic of H13 steel is: 1. have high hardening capacity and high toughness; 2. ability is split in good heat resistanceheat resistant, can give water-cooled in the workplace; 3. have medium wear-resistant ability, can also adopt carburizing or nitridation process to improve its surface hardness, split ability but can slightly reduce heat resistanceheat resistant; 4. because of its carbon content is lower, the secondary hardening ability is relatively poor in the tempering; 5. under comparatively high temps, have anti-softening power, but use temperature when being higher than 540 ℃ hardness (maximum operating temperature is 540 ℃) appears descending rapidly; 6. heat treated distortion is little; 7. medium and high machinability; 8. medium anti-decarburization capacity.More interest is, it also can be used for making the important component on the aircraft industry.
In recent years, this widely used in the world main flow air cooling sclerosis hot-work die steel of H13 steel also is introduced into China, is mainly used in the manufacturing of hot upset forging, extruding and die casting.For the aluminium alloy compression casting mold materials, over nearly 20 years, the import die casting equipment is mostly used the H13 steel die.It mainly is the 3Cr2W8V steel that is used for replacing the development fifties, and overcome 3Cr2W8V steel toughness low, wear no resistance, shortcoming such as thermal fatigue resistance is little.
In order to improve the performance of H13 steel, Chinese invention patent application CN101240400A discloses a kind of low-cost hot working die steel.The concrete chemical ingredients (weight %) of this steel is: C:0.38-0.42%, Si:0.9-1.1%, S≤0.030%, P≤0.030%, Mn:0.3-0.5%, W:0.9-1.2%, Mo:0.45-0.55%, Cr:4.8-5.2%, V:0.25-0.45%, Nb:0.08-0.15%, all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.Steel of the present invention can substitute higher alloy content H13, have with H13 alloy over-all properties quite and have good anti-temper resistance, an advantage cheaply; Reasonably the alloying proportioning is saved cost of alloy more than 20% than H13 steel, has better economic benefit.
Chinese invention patent application CN101240399A also discloses a kind of low-chromium low-cost hot working die steel.The concrete chemical ingredients (weight %) of this steel is: C:0.38-0.42%, Si:0.9-1.1%, S≤0.030%, P≤0.030%, Mn:0.3-0.5%, W:0.9-1.2%, Mo:0.45-0.55%, Cr:2.8-3.2%, V:0.25-0.45%, Nb:0.08-0.15%, all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.Steel of the present invention can substitute the H13 that contains higher alloy content, and close with the H13 over-all properties and have good anti-temper resistance, an advantage of low-chromium low-cost; Reasonably the alloying proportioning is saved cost of alloy more than 20% than H13 steel, has better economic benefit.
Chinese invention patent application CN101240401A has disclosed a kind of molybdenum-free low-cost hot working die steel.The concrete chemical ingredients (weight %) of this steel is: C:0.38-0.42%, Si:0.9-1.1%, S≤0.030%, P≤0.030%, Mn:0.3-0.5%, W:1.9-2.2%, Cr:4.8-5.2%, V:0.25-0.45%, Nb:0.08-0.15%, all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.Steel of the present invention can substitute the H13 that contains higher alloy content, have with the H13 over-all properties quite and have good anti-temper resistance, an advantage of molybdenum-free low-cost; Reasonably the alloying proportioning is saved cost of alloy more than 20% than H13 steel, has better economic benefit.
Chinese invention patent application CN101476082A has also disclosed a kind of high performance low cost hot work die steel, its chemical ingredients wt% by weight contains: C:0.30～0.45, Si:0.4～1.0, Mn:0.55～1.0, Cr:2.7～3.5, Mo:1.8～2.6, V:0.6～1.2, N:0.005～0.05, all the other are Fe.The present invention's interpolation has solution strengthening, dispersion-strengthened and crystal grain thinning and inhibition M concurrently
23
C
6
Carbide particle is assembled the alloying element of growing up, when making it reach high heat resistance, thermostability and thermal fatigue resistance, keep good toughness and processing performance again, its salient features significantly is better than at present industry H13 similar hot-work die steels such as (4Cr5MoSiV1) commonly used both at home and abroad.The present invention is on the basis that contains 3%Cr, 5%Cr and 10%Cr types of steel, systematic study singly add or be added with different content W, Mo, V and under condition of different temperatures, outside the influence to structure property and use properties, also furtherd investigate the rule that influences of N, Al and yttrium; Discover that the thermostability of this types of steel is closely related with the carbide lattice type that wherein forms, and along with the atomic radius of carbide forming element increases and improves.Thereby for the development New Hot Work Die Steel provides important enlightenment.
Chinese invention patent application CN101121954A has disclosed a kind of H13 steel vacuum time-control quenching heat treatment technique, this thermal treatment process comprises heat tracing, quenching, tempering, the quenchant that quenching behind the heat tracing is adopted is the salt solution that contains 5～10%NaCl, and the quench treatment time is 1～5 minute.The present invention has adopted special time-control quenching process means, has both avoided in the brine quenching producing rimose danger, improves the quenching quality again greatly, has improved the impelling strength after the tempering of H13 steel effectively, thus the work-ing life of improving mould greatly.
Chinese invention patent application CN101255488A has also disclosed a kind of H13 steel vacuum heat treatment quality optimization technology, comprise heat tracing, quenching, tempering, the quenchant that described quenching technology quenching is adopted is 5～10% salt solution, handle part and in quenching tank, be cooled to room temperature, temper then.Technology of the present invention has improved the quenching attitude hardness and the impelling strength of H13 steel die effectively; Make mould more durable, prolonged work-ing life.Have considerable practical value and economic worth.
Chinese invention patent application CN101538643A has recommended the quenching technology of H13 steel high-pressure gas stepped quick cooling, respectively be provided with thermopair on nearly surface of workpiece and heart portion, after the austenitizing temperature insulation finishes, cool off fast, when surface temperature reaches 400 ℃-450 ℃, reduce the gas cooling ability by adjustments of gas pressure and/or gas flow rate, when reaching 400 ℃-450 ℃ Deng heart portion temperature, increase the gas cooling ability by adjustments of gas pressure and/or gas flow rate again, finish up to quenching.This processing method guarantees to enter when workpiece begins classification the slow cooling state, promptly cool off fast after classification finishes, the H13 mould that adopts this quenching technology to handle, it is little to have a distortion, organize good, the characteristics that performance is good.
Chinese invention patent application CN101768659A has also recommended the thermal treatment process of a kind of tandem rolling tube machine with ultra-long mandrel, according to site environment, consider hot-work die Heat Treatment Of Steel characteristics, ultra-long mandrel adopts 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel (H13) to make raw material, through forging, alignment, rough turn cylindrical, after the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection is qualified, on Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace, heat-treat, its thermal treatment process comprises: a medium frequency quenching, three times the intermediate frequency tempering process is handled.The beneficial effect of this ultra-long mandrel intermediate frequency thermal treatment process is: technology is simple, and is easy to operate, and speed is fast, and it is few that charcoal is taken off in oxidation, saves material; Need not alignment after the thermal treatment, low cost of manufacture, efficient height; Homogeneous heating, the core table temperature difference is minimum, the accuracy of temperature control height, surperficial and subcutaneous four-quadrant hardness is even, and impact value can improve 10%, postpones the use crack performance of plug, can prolong work-ing life more than 2 times; This technology also is applicable to the thermal treatment of satisfying common floating core rod, retained mandrel; And low power consuming, environmentally safe.
The public all a kind of quenching technologys of H 13 steel for compression molds of Chinese invention patent application CN101818234A.It may further comprise the steps: classification heating phase, N2 cooling stages and oil cooling stage.The present invention handles the conversion of part quenching medium when the material quenching structure changes the equilibrium temperature district, be about to handle part and transfer to the cooling of quenching oil oven from the high-pressure gas quenching furnace cooling, then can utilize the fast characteristics of quenching oil oven speed of cooling to make cooling curve avoid the bainite structure limited proportionality fast, enter the martensitic stucture limited proportionality, make processing part microtexture change martensite as far as possible into, the carbide, bainite and the residual austenite that reduce or avoid separating out along crystal boundary, thereby improve the comprehensive mechanical performance of handling part, improve the reliability that mould uses.Be particularly suitable for relatively large and complicated workpiece and quench, under indehiscent situation, guarantee the quenching quality of workpiece.
Chinese invention patent application CN101709423A is also public all a kind of by adding the method that nitrogen improves H13 die steel performance, the present invention improves the chemical ingredients of traditional H13 steel, improve intensity, hardness and the wear resistance of die steel by adding solid solution nitrogen element, and do not reduce toughness.The nitrogen element adopts the method for adding chromium nitride preliminary alloy to add, and other elements adopt ordinary method.For guaranteeing nitrogen element recovery rate, form bubble when reducing the overflowing and solidify of fusion process during melting, strict control smelting temperature within more than the fusing point 50 ℃, casting rapidly after the alloy off-bottom.The chemical compositions by percentage of nitrogenous H13 die steel is as follows: carbon: 0.28～0.40, and silicon: 0.8～1.2, manganese: 0.2～0.5, chromium: 4.75～5.5, molybdenum: 1.10～1.75, vanadium: 0.8～1.2, nitrogen: 0.02～0.08, phosphorus≤0.03, sulphur≤0.03, surplus: iron.Forging after heat treatment reaches following performance: hardness value 53～55HRC, more than the tensile strength 1800MPa, more than the yield strength 1480MPa, the impact absorbing energy value stabilization is between 15～16J.Intensity, hardness are higher than the H13 steel, and toughness is not less than the H13 steel.
But the H13 steel main chemical compositions and the content of exploitation are both at home and abroad: 0.32～0.45%C, 4.75～5.50%Cr, 1.10～1.75%Mo, 0.8～1.2%V, 0.8～1.2%Si, 0.20～0.80%Mn.Not only valuable alloy adding is many, and all will forge processing, and the energy consumption height, material use efficiency is low, the production cycle is long and production cost is high.
In view of above-mentioned prior art, be necessary to be improved, to this, the applicant has done a large amount of tests, has carried out useful exploration, and technical scheme described below produces under this background
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of content of the precious metal element that helps significantly to reduce molybdenum and vanadium and so on and use the saving that embodies resource and economic cheapness, help significantly improving the H13 die steel of wear resistance and mechanical property.
The preparation method who also has a purpose to be to provide a kind of H13 die steel of the present invention, this method can not only ensure comprehensive embodiment of the described technique effect of H13 die steel, and is of value to and embodies casting and forging and use and shorten the production cycle and reduce energy consumption.
The objective of the invention is to reach like this, a kind of H13 die steel, its chemical element weight % is: 0.40～0.46% C, 6.00～6.30% Cr, 0.50～0.65% V, 0.30～0.45% Mo, 0.85～1.05% Mn, 1.25～1.55% Si, 0.12～0.25% W, the Nb of 0.008～0.018 %, 0.008～0.015% Ta, 0.08～0.12% Ti, 0.003～0.006% B, 0.08～0.15% Al, 0.03～0.06% N, 0.06～0.12% Y,＜0.025% S and＜0.030% P, surplus is Fe.
A kind of H13 die steel, its chemical element weight % is: 0.40% C, 6.29% Cr, 0.51% V, 0. 45% Mo, 0.86% Mn, 1.28% Si, 0.12% W, the Nb of 0.009 %, 0.015% Ta, 0.09% Ti, 0.004% B, 0.15% Al, 0.03% N, 0.07% Y, 0.008% S and 0.028% P, surplus is Fe.
A kind of H13 die steel, its chemical element weight % is: 0.45% C, 6.11% Cr, 0.55% V, 0. 37% Mo, 0.99% Mn, 1.41% Si, 0.21% W, the Nb of 0.016 %, 0.012% Ta, 0.12% Ti, 0.004% B, 0.10% Al, 0.05% N, 0.09% Y, 0.009% S and 0.029% P, surplus is Fe.
A kind of H13 die steel, its chemical element weight % is: 0.44% C, 6.02% Cr, 0.62% V, 0. 31% Mo, 1.02% Mn, 1.53% Si, 0.22% W, the Nb of 0.017 %, 0.008% Ta, 0.10% Ti, 0.005% B, 0.09% Al, 0.04% N, 0.12% Y, 0.014% S and 0.026% P, surplus is Fe.
Of the present invention also have a purpose to reach like this, and a kind of preparation method of H13 die steel adopts the induction furnace melting, may further comprise the steps:
1) earlier with steel scrap, carbon ferrochrome, low carbon ferrochromium, tungsten slag iron alloy and the fusing of molybdenum-iron Hybrid Heating, when liquid steel temperature reaches more than 1550 ℃, add ferrosilicon and ferromanganese, add metallic aluminium and vanadium iron then successively, the stokehold is adjusted to branch and liquid steel temperature is risen to 1600～1650 ℃ after qualified, add ferrotianium and manganese nitride successively, come out of the stove then;
2) molten steel is gone into ladle 30～50% o'clock, with ferro-boron and the Yttrium base rare earth of particle diameter 1.5～3.5mm, adopt the steel plate parcel of thickness less than 0.5mm after, pour ladle with molten steel;
When 3) liquid steel temperature reaches 1490～1520 ℃, molten steel is directly poured into foundry goods or ingot casting;
4) foundry goods or ingot casting are directly heat-treated by thermal treatment process after roughing, obtain H13 die steel.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the described thermal treatment process of step 4) is that the H13 steel that roughing is good is heated to 800～850 ℃ with stove, insulation 2～3h, continue then to be heated to 920～950 ℃ with stove, insulation 1.5～2.5h, continue to be heated to 1050～1070 ℃ again, insulation 0.5～1.2h, then go into oil cooling 0.5～1.0h, at last the H13 steel behind the oil cooling is heated to 500～525 ℃, insulation 4～8h, stove is chilled to comes out of the stove air cooling to room temperature after temperature is lower than 180 ℃, and the H13 steel after the thermal treatment is machined to specified dimension and precision the most at last.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is increased to 6.00～6.30% with the content of metallic element chromium, the content of precious metal element molybdenum is reduced to 0.30～0.45% and the content of precious metal element vanadium is reduced to 0.50～0.65%, thereby has embodied resources conservation and relatively cheap strong point ultimate attainmently; Tungsten in the prescription can guarantee the high-temperature behavior of die steel, and tungsten smelts last industrial residue by ferroalloy works and provide, and not only can prevent the huge waste of resource, but also can protect environment; But the boron thinning solidification structure that adds improves the mechanical property of steel; The elements such as nitrogen, aluminium and rare earth that add can be realized the casting and forging of H13 die steel, both can shorten the production cycle, and are capable of reducing energy consumption again.Specifically can be summarized as following four aspects:
1) the valuable alloying element molybdenum of the present invention, content of vanadium are lower, and do not need to forge processing, but casting and forging obviously descend the cost of H13 steel, reduce by 30～35% than H13 steel commonly used;
2) the present invention replenishes tungsten, manganese, niobium, tantalum and titanium with tungsten slag iron alloy, can obviously improve the performance of H13 steel, and realization tungsten slag iron alloy is turned waste into wealth;
3) the present invention handles through composite inoculatings such as rare earth yttrium, titanium, nitrogen and aluminium, and obvious thinning solidification structure improves the mechanical property of H13 steel, and wherein tensile strength surpasses 1850MPa, and impelling strength is above 38J/cm
2
, fracture toughness property is greater than 75MPa.m
1/2
4) the present invention suitably improves silicon, manganese content, and adds boron and improve hardening capacity, adds tungsten slag iron alloy and carries out microalloying, the hardness of H13 steel can be stabilized in 57～59 HRC, have excellent abrasive, be used as hot-work die, improve 20～28% than common H13 steel work-ing life.
Embodiment
As is known in the industry, the performance of alloy material is by the metallographic structure decision, and certain tissue depends on chemical ingredients and thermal treatment process, and chemical ingredients of the present invention is to determine like this:
Carbon: carbon is to improve one of material hardening capacity and the most important element of hardenability, can also form alloy carbide in addition, improve wear resistance, but add-on is too much, and quenching structure is a high carbon martensite, and fragility is big, and therefore, its content is controlled at 0.40～0.46%.
Chromium: it mainly is in order to improve high-temperature behavior, to guarantee high temperature undertissue and stable performance that chromium adds the H13 steel, and chromium is the element that dwindles the γ phase region, and add-on is too much, is prone to the ferrite of soft in the quenching structure, and therefore, its add-on is controlled at 6.00～6.30%.
Vanadium and molybdenum: vanadium adds the H13 steel, and part forms the VC particle of high rigidity, plays crystal grain thinning and improves the wear resistance effect, and part enters matrix, can improve matrix hardening capacity, and improve the high-temperature behavior of H13 steel.Molybdenum adds in the H13 steel, mainly is the anti-temper resistance that improves steel, and eliminates the temper brittleness of steel.But vanadium, molybdenum all are expensive alloying elements, and add-on is too much, with increasing the production cost of steel, therefore, content of vanadium are controlled at 0.50～0.65%, and molybdenum content is controlled at 0.30～0.45%.
Silicon and manganese: add silicon and manganese in the H13 steel except playing desoxydatoin, mainly be to utilize them to enter matrix, play the solution strengthening effect, improve the intensity and the wear resistance of H13 steel, in addition, manganese can also obviously improve the hardening capacity of H13 steel, but, add-on is too much, and retained austenite is too much in the quenching structure, reduces the wear resistance of H13 steel on the contrary.The silicon add-on is too much, and the fragility of H13 steel strengthens, and therefore silicone content is controlled at 1.25～1.55%, and manganese content is controlled at 0.85～1.05%.
Tungsten, niobium, tantalum and titanium: tungsten, niobium, tantalum and titanium are the strong carbide forming elements, and the carbide hardness height of formation can improve H13 steel wear resistance, in addition, be dissolved in the part tungsten of matrix, niobium, tantalum and titanium can improve matrix strength, help improving the wear resistance of H13 steel.In addition, tungsten, niobium, tantalum and titanium have the effect of good thinning solidification structure and carbide, help improving the intensity and the toughness of H13 steel.Tungsten, niobium, tantalum are expensive alloy element, in order to reduce the production cost of H13 steel, add tungsten slag iron alloy and replenish tungsten, niobium, tantalum and titanium.Tungsten slag iron alloy is that ferroalloy works smelt the last industrial residue of ferrotungsten, wherein still contains alloying elements such as a certain amount of tungsten, manganese, niobium, tantalum and titanium, and these waste residues are if extract alloy once more, cost height, uneconomical, but abandon very unfortunate again.Long-term bulk deposition also can cause environmental pollution, causes the huge waste of resource.The present invention directly adds tungsten slag iron alloy in the induction furnace and smelts, and can play good microalloying effect to H13.Suitable tungsten add-on is 0.12～0.25%, and suitable niobium add-on is 0.008～0.018%, and suitable tantalum add-on is 0.008～0.015%, and suitable titanium add-on then is 0.08～0.12%.
Boron: add an amount of boron and mainly be in order to improve the hardening capacity of H13 steel, add-on is too much, is prone to brittle boride at crystal boundary, reduces the intensity and the toughness of H13 steel, and suitable add-on is 0.003～0.006%.
Nitrogen and aluminium: nitrogen and aluminium can form tiny equally distributed high-melting-point AlN particle before molten steel solidification, play the external core of solidifying of molten steel, promote the obvious refinement of H13 steel solidified structure, also can alleviate element segregation, improve the mechanical property of H13 steel.Add-on is too much, and the AlN particle is thick, damages the performance of H13 steel on the contrary, and suitable aluminium add-on is 0.08～0.15%, and suitable nitrogen add-on is 0.03～0.06%.
Yttrium: the main purpose that adds rare earth element yttrium in the H13 steel has been deoxidation, desulfurization and the effect that improves solidified structure, and add-on is too much, and re inclusion increases, and damages the performance of steel on the contrary, and suitable yttrium add-on is 0.06～0.12%.
Thermal treatment process of the present invention is to determine like this, and thermal treatment of the present invention comprises quenches and temper, and the purpose of quenching is to improve the solid solution capacity of alloying element at high temperature austenite, improves hardening capacity and the martensite that obtains high rigidity.H13 steel interalloy number of elements is more, therefore, in heat-processed, need continue then to be heated to 920～950 ℃ 800～850 ℃ of equal thermal treatments that are incubated 2～3h with stove, and soaking insulation 1.5～2.5h.The quenching temperature of H13 steel is 1050～1070 ℃, the easy alligatoring of H13 crystalline grain of steel under the high temperature, so soaking time is limited in 0.5～1.2h, too high easy to crack directly into water cooling because of cooling rate, and go into oil cooling 0.5～1.0h, can obtain the martensitic stucture of high rigidity.Going into the oil cooling time can not be long, is not prone to crackle, goes into the oil cooling time to be controlled at 0.5～1.0h, and effect is best.At 500～525 ℃ of insulation 4～8h, can reach the purpose that eliminates stress with stabilizing tissue at last.
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1:
Adopt 5000 kilograms of medium-frequency induction furnaces to smelt the H13 steel, concrete processing step is:
1) earlier with steel scrap, carbon ferrochrome, low carbon ferrochromium, tungsten slag iron alloy and the fusing of molybdenum-iron Hybrid Heating, when liquid steel temperature reaches 1558 ℃, add ferrosilicon and ferromanganese, add metallic aluminium and vanadium iron then successively, the stokehold is adjusted to branch and liquid steel temperature is risen to 1647 ℃ after qualified, add ferrotianium and manganese nitride successively, come out of the stove then;
2) molten steel is gone into ladle 30～50% o'clock, with ferro-boron and the Yttrium base rare earth of particle diameter 1.5～3.5mm, behind the steel plate parcel of thickness less than 0.5mm, pours ladle with molten steel;
When 3) liquid steel temperature reaches 1518 ℃, molten steel is directly poured into foundry goods;
4) foundry goods is directly heat-treated after roughing, thermal treatment process is that the H13 steel that roughing is good is heated to 800 ℃ with stove, insulation 3h continues to be heated to 950 ℃ with stove then, insulation 1.5h, continue to be heated to 1050 ℃ again, insulation 1.2h goes into oil cooling 1.0h then, at last the H13 steel behind the oil cooling is heated to 500 ℃, insulation 8h, stove is chilled to comes out of the stove air cooling to room temperature after temperature is lower than 180 ℃.H13 steel after the thermal treatment is machined to specified dimension and precision the most at last.The chemical ingredients of H13 steel sees Table 1, and the mechanical property of H13 steel sees Table 2.
Embodiment 2:
Adopt 5000 kilograms of medium-frequency induction furnaces to smelt the H13 steel, concrete processing step is:
1) earlier with steel scrap, carbon ferrochrome, low carbon ferrochromium, tungsten slag iron alloy and the fusing of molybdenum-iron Hybrid Heating, when liquid steel temperature reaches 1561 ℃, add ferrosilicon and ferromanganese, add metallic aluminium and vanadium iron then successively, the stokehold is adjusted to branch and liquid steel temperature is risen to 1604 ℃ after qualified, add ferrotianium and manganese nitride successively, come out of the stove then;
2) molten steel is gone into ladle 30～50% o'clock, with ferro-boron and the Yttrium base rare earth of particle diameter 1.5～3.5mm, behind the steel plate parcel of thickness less than 0.5mm, pours ladle with molten steel;
When 3) liquid steel temperature reaches 1491 ℃, molten steel is directly poured into ingot casting;
4) ingot casting is directly heat-treated after roughing, thermal treatment process is that the H13 steel that roughing is good is heated to 850 ℃ with stove, insulation 2h continues to be heated to 920 ℃ with stove then, insulation 2.5h, continue to be heated to 1070 ℃ again, insulation 0.5h goes into oil cooling 0.5h then, at last the H13 steel behind the oil cooling is heated to 525 ℃, insulation 4h, stove is chilled to comes out of the stove air cooling to room temperature after temperature is lower than 180 ℃.H13 steel after the thermal treatment is machined to specified dimension and precision the most at last.The chemical ingredients of H13 steel sees Table 1, and the mechanical property of H13 steel sees Table 2.
Embodiment 3:
Adopt 10000 kilograms of line frequency furnaces to smelt the H13 steel, concrete processing step is:
1) earlier with steel scrap, carbon ferrochrome, low carbon ferrochromium, tungsten slag iron alloy and the fusing of molybdenum-iron Hybrid Heating, when liquid steel temperature reaches 1556 ℃, add ferrosilicon and ferromanganese, add metallic aluminium and vanadium iron then successively, the stokehold is adjusted to branch and liquid steel temperature is risen to 1630 ℃ after qualified, add ferrotianium and manganese nitride successively, come out of the stove then;
2) molten steel is gone into ladle 30～50% o'clock, with ferro-boron and the Yttrium base rare earth of particle diameter 1.5～3.5mm, behind the steel plate parcel of thickness less than 0.5mm, pours ladle with molten steel;
When 3) liquid steel temperature reaches 1505 ℃, molten steel is directly poured into ingot casting;
4) ingot casting is directly heat-treated after roughing, thermal treatment process is that the H13 steel that roughing is good is heated to 830 ℃ with stove, insulation 2.5h continues to be heated to 940 ℃ with stove then, insulation 2h, continue to be heated to 1060 ℃ again, insulation 1h goes into oil cooling 0.8h then, at last the H13 steel behind the oil cooling is heated to 510 ℃, insulation 6h, stove is chilled to comes out of the stove air cooling to room temperature after temperature is lower than 180 ℃.H13 steel after the thermal treatment is machined to specified dimension and precision the most at last.The chemical ingredients of H13 steel sees Table 1, and the mechanical property of H13 steel sees Table 2.
Table 1 is the chemical element weight % of the H13 die steel of the embodiment of the invention 1 to 3
| Element | C | Cr | V | Mo | Mn | Si | W | Nb | Ta |
| Embodiment 1 | 0.40 | 6.29 | 0.51 | 0.45 | 0.86 | 1.28 | 0.12 | 0.009 | 0.015 |
| Embodiment 2 | 0.45 | 6.11 | 0.55 | 0.37 | 0.99 | 1.41 | 0.21 | 0.016 | 0.012 |
| Embodiment 3 | 0.44 | 6.02 | 0.62 | 0.31 | 1.02 | 1.53 | 0.22 | 0.017 | 0.008 |
| Element | Ti | B | Al | N | Y | S | P | Fe | ? |
| Embodiment 1 | 0.09 | 0.004 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.008 | 0.028 | Surplus | ? |
| Embodiment 2 | 0.12 | 0.004 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.009 | 0.029 | Surplus | ? |
| Embodiment 3 | 0.10 | 0.005 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.014 | 0.026 | Surplus | ? |
Table 2 is the mechanical property of the H13 die steel of the embodiment of the invention 1 to 3
H13 die steel of the present invention is used to make the big forging die of shock load, hot extruding die, precision forging die; Aluminium, copper and alloy die-casting thereof are compared with common H13 die steel, and its valuable alloying element molybdenum, content of vanadium are lower, and do not need to forge processing, but casting and forging, and its cost obviously descends, and reduces by 30～35% than H13 steel commonly used.In addition, H13 die steel of the present invention is safe in utilization, does not have cracking, peeling phenomenon appearance in the use, and improve 20～28% than common H13 die steel its work-ing life.Use H13 die steel of the present invention and have good economic and social benefit.Used tungsten slag iron alloy is that ferroalloy works smelt the last industrial residue of ferrotungsten, wherein still contain a certain amount of alloying element, these waste residues are if extract alloy once more, cost height, uneconomical, but that abandons is very unfortunate again, long-term bulk deposition also can cause environmental pollution, causes the huge waste of resource.In addition, in order to improve the wear resistance of H13 steel, also add the small amount of boron element, for thinning solidification structure, improve the mechanical property of H13 steel, also add elements such as small amount of nitrogen, aluminium and rare earth, realize the casting and forging of H13 steel, can shorten the production cycle, cut down the consumption of energy, obviously reduce production costs
Claims (6)
1. H13 die steel, it is characterized in that its chemical element weight % is: 0.40～0.46% C, 6.00～6.30% Cr, 0.50～0.65% V, 0.30～0.45% Mo, 0.85～1.05% Mn, 1.25～1.55% Si, 0.12～0.25% W, 0.008 the Nb of～0.018 %, 0.008～0.015% Ta, 0.08～0.12% Ti, 0.003～0.006% B, 0.08～0.15% Al, 0.03～0.06% N, 0.06～0.12% Y,＜0.025% S and＜0.030% P, surplus is Fe.
2. a kind of H13 die steel according to claim 1 is characterized in that its chemical element weight % is: 0.40% C, 6.29% Cr, 0.51% V, 0. 45% Mo, 0.86% Mn, 1.28% Si, 0.12% W, the Nb of 0.009 %, 0.015% Ta, 0.09% Ti, 0.004% B, 0.15% Al, 0.03% N, 0.07% Y, 0.008% S and 0.028% P, surplus is Fe.
3. a kind of H13 die steel according to claim 1 is characterized in that its chemical element weight % is: 0.45% C, 6.11% Cr, 0.55% V, 0. 37% Mo, 0.99% Mn, 1.41% Si, 0.21% W, the Nb of 0.016 %, 0.012% Ta, 0.12% Ti, 0.004% B, 0.10% Al, 0.05% N, 0.09% Y, 0.009% S and 0.029% P, surplus is Fe.
4. a kind of H13 die steel according to claim 1 is characterized in that its chemical element weight % is: 0.44% C, 6.02% Cr, 0.62% V, 0. 31% Mo, 1.02% Mn, 1.53% Si, 0.22% W, the Nb of 0.017 %, 0.008% Ta, 0.10% Ti, 0.005% B, 0.09% Al, 0.04% N, 0.12% Y, 0.014% S and 0.026% P, surplus is Fe.
5. the preparation method of a H13 die steel as claimed in claim 1 adopts the induction furnace melting, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) earlier with steel scrap, carbon ferrochrome, low carbon ferrochromium, tungsten slag iron alloy and the fusing of molybdenum-iron Hybrid Heating, when liquid steel temperature reaches more than 1550 ℃, add ferrosilicon and ferromanganese, add metallic aluminium and vanadium iron then successively, the stokehold is adjusted to branch and liquid steel temperature is risen to 1600～1650 ℃ after qualified, add ferrotianium and manganese nitride successively, come out of the stove then;
2) molten steel is gone into ladle 30～50% o'clock, with ferro-boron and the Yttrium base rare earth of particle diameter 1.5～3.5mm, adopt the steel plate parcel of thickness less than 0.5mm after, pour ladle with molten steel;
When 3) liquid steel temperature reaches 1490～1520 ℃, molten steel is directly poured into foundry goods or ingot casting;
4) foundry goods or ingot casting are directly heat-treated by thermal treatment process after roughing, obtain H13 die steel.
6. the preparation method of H13 die steel according to claim 5, it is characterized in that the described thermal treatment process of step 4) is that the H13 steel that roughing is good is heated to 800～850 ℃ with stove, insulation 2～3h, continue then to be heated to 920～950 ℃ with stove, insulation 1.5～2.5h, continue to be heated to 1050～1070 ℃ again, insulation 0.5～1.2h, then go into oil cooling 0.5～1.0h, at last the H13 steel behind the oil cooling is heated to 500～525 ℃, insulation 4～8h, stove is chilled to comes out of the stove air cooling to room temperature after temperature is lower than 180 ℃, and the H13 steel after the thermal treatment is machined to specified dimension and precision the most at last.
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