CN104178771A - Heat treatment and surface treatment method of mold steel SDCM1 for hot stamping - Google Patents
Heat treatment and surface treatment method of mold steel SDCM1 for hot stamping Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heat treatment and surface treatment method of a mold steel SDCM1 for hot stamping. The heat treatment and surface treatment method comprises quenching and tempering; the method comprises the following steps: vacuum heat treatment: the quenching temperature is 1010-1040 DEG C; two times of tempering: the tempering temperature is 580-610 DEG C; and surface plasma nitriding: the voltage is 600-900 V; the atmospheric specific value of NH3 to Ar is 1: (6-10); and the furnace pressure is 133-1066 Pa. A non-compound layer nitriding layer is obtained through controlling such parameters as plasma nitriding atmospheric ratio, nitriding time, furnace pressure, voltage and nitriding temperature. When the surface hardness of the mold is improved, the corrosion resistance, wear resistance and bonding resistance of the mold are optimized. The worn mold can be reused through repairing and secondary plasma nitriding so as to largely prolong the total service life of the mold. The equipment cost is lower; the workpiece size and shape are low in limitation; and the method can be totally applied to the actual production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to die steel field of surface treatment, be specifically related to thermal treatment and the process for treating surface of die steel SDCM1 for a kind of hot stamping technique.
Background technology
Conventionally by mould, use object that die steel is divided into cold-work die steel, hot-work die steel and plastic die steel three major types.Hot stamping die steel belongs to hot-work die steel.Along with the high speed development of automobile industry, and the improving constantly of automotive light weight technology demand, hot press-formed technique is mainly used in obtaining superstrength stamping parts.When obtaining ultrahigh-strength steel, the plastic force required due to cold punching forming process is very big, easily causes that mould damages, equipment vibrations, and also easily produces the problem such as break, wrinkling, bounce-back, dimensional precision are bad.Therefore, the needs that no longer meet technology and production development of original cold punching forming process, and hot press-formed technology utilization metal is under the condition of high temperature, and its plasticity and ductility increase sharply, and yield strength declines rapidly.Hot stamping die steel be nearly decades usage quantity sharply rise and consume one of maximum die steel, its working condition is also more complicated than general hot-work die steel.
Steel hot stamping process is to austenitic temperature scope by special high strength steel board heating, move quickly into mould, punching press fast, under press packing state, by being furnished with the mould (rather than air) of cooling loop, part is carried out to quench cooled (and will guarantee certain speed of cooling), finally obtain superstrength stamping parts (be organized as martensite, intensity is even higher in 1500MPa left and right).When work, because mould directly contacts with the blank of heating, when red-hot metal is put into hot stamping die die cavity, mold cavity surface steep temperature rise, and top layer produces stress and compressive strain when punching press and pressurize, this makes mould need good heat resistance and thermostability; In pressure maintaining period, by the mould with cooling water channel, component are quenched, in order to make mould can be soon the mould precision in process under arms be taken away and be guaranteed to the heat of steel plate, moulding stock must have larger thermal conductivity and less thermal expansivity; When metalwork takes out, mold cavity surface is because reduces heat is subject to tensile stress and stretching strain effect, at the operating mode bed die of this checker temperature, very easily produces thermal fatigue; And hot stamping die steel in process, also will be subject to greater impact load, so mould need possess good toughness under arms; For the plucking that prevents that die surface from producing in process under arms, mould also needs to have higher hardness.In addition, because steel plate after austenitizing is transferred to contact with oxygen G&W mould internal procedure and is produced a large amount of oxide skin in stove, the carbide particles that come off in mould use procedure etc. produce wearing and tearing in mould and workpiece relative movement process, require mould to have good wear resisting property.Therefore, complicated working condition requirement hot stamping die material has higher thermal conductivity, hot strength, hardness, impelling strength, wear resistance, hardening capacity and thermostability and cold-and-heat resistent fatigue property etc.
At present, China the hot stamping die steel of long use adopts is that in standard GB/T/T1299-2000, grade of steel is that 4Cr5MoSiV1(is equivalent to North America standard H13 steel).The chemical composition of this hot stamping die steel adopts C0.32-0.45wt%, Cr4.75-5.50wt%, Mo1.20-1.75wt%, V0.80-1.20wt%, Si0.80-1.2wt%, Mn0.20-0.5wt%, P≤0.03wt%, S≤0.03wt%.At present, what Japanese enterprises adopted is that hot-work die steel SKD61(is equivalent to North America standard H13 steel), that Sweden hot stamping die supplier adopts is ORVAR, what Germany Enterprises adopted is CR7V and 1.2379.
Thermal treatment has vital impact to the use properties of die steel.Thermal treatment has determined die steel internal microstructure, thereby has determined the obdurability of die steel.By different thermal treatment, can make mould obtain required hardness, but its tissue, performance may have marked difference, give full play to the tough effect of die steel alloying element, the different die steel of different purposes just must have corresponding thermal treatment process.It is fine that the tempering temperature of plasma surface nitriding temperature and hot-work die steel is coincide, and compares with other surface treatments, and it is a kind of proven technique, and cost is low, reliability is high.By atmosphere, nitriding temperature, the time can well control surface compound layer and the phase composite of diffusion layer and its performance.By simple nitriding, process, can greatly improve the work-ing life of mould, there is very high cost performance.
In prior art, also have the heat treatment technics of die steel, still, due to the imperfection of technique, there is fragility in the compound layer of mould, can cause compound layer fragmentation to come off, and the thermal fatigue property of mould is not enough, as patent application 201210146712.5.Patent application 02115672.7 discloses a kind of process for treating surface of hot die steel by rare-earth plasma, its principal feature is the thermal fatigue resistance of the ion implantation raising hot-work die steel of mishmetal Ce-La mixed rare earth alloy, although thermal fatigue property has improved, but be that ion implantation device or rare earths material cost are all very expensive, and the very difficult control of technique, and be not suitable for large production.Ion implantation have very large limitation for mould, and it can not be processed for concavo-convex the showing of complicated shape, and input horizon is very thin generally take nanometer and measure as unit, and full depth also only has 0.1 μ m.
Also have and adopt coating technology, as Chinese patent application 201210099323.1.Because metal-ceramic coating and matrix are whole different materials, between body material and coating, having obvious interface is not good metallurgical binding, and coating technology technique is very complicated, to die surface degree of cleaning, require very high, for the mould of short run use still can, be not suitable for a large amount of industrial application.Some thermal treatment process needs nanometer to process, and technical process is longer, has increased cost.
Conventional surface treatment has two kinds of carburizing and nitridings.The difference of carburizing and nitriding maximum is exactly that medium is different, and applicable steel is also different, and carburizing is applicable to soft steel, and nitriding is applicable to medium carbon steel.
Carburizing is current most widely used a kind of chemical heat treatment method.It is the active atoms of carbon that carburizing medium produces at workpiece surface, through Surface absorption and diffusion, carbon is infiltrated to soft steel or low-carbon alloy steel workpiece surface, make it reach eutectoid or the carbon content during a little more than eutectoid composition, so that by after workpiece quenching and low-temperaturetempering, the hardness on its top layer, intensity, particularly fatigue strength and wear resistance, compared with the heart, portion all increases significantly, and heart portion still keeps certain intensity and good toughness.
Method for carburizing
(1) solid carburizing: carburizing in granular or carburizing paste;
(2) liquid medium carburizing: salt bath carburizing;
(3) gas cementation: carry out in organic carbonaceous atmosphere;
(4) special carburizing: vacuum carburization, ion carburizing, glowdischarge carburizing, the carburizing of liquid bed;
Nitriding method: the treatment process that nitrogen is infiltrated to steel piece surface is called nitrogenize or the nitriding of steel.
Nitrogenize can make steel piece surface obtain the surface hardness higher than carburizing (can up to HV950～1200), wear resistance, fatigue strength, red hardness and seizure resistance.
Nitrogenize forms stable compound layer at steel piece surface, so nitrogenize can also improve the corrosion stability of steel part.
Nitriding temperature is low, general 480～600C, and conventional 560C, and also after nitrogenize, stove is cold conventionally, so after nitrogenize, workpiece deformation is very little.
But the nitrogenize cycle is long, general dozens or even hundreds of hour, cost is high, nitride layer is thinner, general 0.5mm and fragility were higher, make nitrogenize part can not bear too high contact stress and shock load.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, provide a kind of can be for hot stamping thermal treatment and the surface treatment method with moulding stock SDCM1, the method can improve Thermal-Fatigue Behavior of Die Steel, technique simple, be easy to large-scale production.
Technical scheme of the present invention is, die steel SDCM1 thermal treatment and surface treatment method for hot stamping comprise and quenching and tempering, and the method comprises:
A, vacuum heat treatment: described quenching temperature is 1010-1040 ℃; Tempering twice, described tempering temperature is 580-610 ℃;
B, surface plasma nitriding: voltage: 600-900V; Atmosphere quality ratio: NH
3: Ar=1:6-10; Furnace pressure is 133-1066Pa.
Below each parameter Main Function of the present invention:
Quenching temperature 1010-1040 ℃
This hot stamping die steel is hypereutectoid steel, and when quenching temperature is lower, tempering rear mold hardness is too low; When quenching temperature is higher, Austenite Grain Growth causes that the strength of materials declines, toughness is poor.Final selective quenching temperature 1020-1030 ℃, obtains the tough proportioning of die steel of applicable heat stamping and shaping after tempering.
Tempering temperature 580-610 ℃
After 1010-1040 ℃ of quenching, this die steel austenite carbon content once added, remaining certain Ovshinsky scale of construction after quenching, and this part residual austenite is decomposed into martensite through a tempering, causes poor impact toughness.Therefore, the present invention adopts 580-610 ℃ of tempering to reach stabilizing tissue and the object of adjusting hardness for twice.Final die steel hardness is 51-53HRC, and 7mm * 10mm * 10mm non-notch ballistic work is above 180J.
Voltage 600-900V
Voltage main nitriding process that waits in plasma nitriding has larger promoter action, and this can improve bombarding energy high voltage, thereby increases nitriding depth and Li Gao nitrided case hardness.
Atmosphere ratio
By changing NH
3: Ar ratio can regulate the thickness of compound layer and diffusion layer phase to form, and the shared ratio of hydrogen is larger, and compound layer ε mutually layer is thinner.When φ (N) < 10%, ε is mutually suppressed, occurs single γ phase or without compound layer.Atmosphere ratio is to regulate the principal element that has or not compound layer and diffusion layer phase to form in simple terms.ε phase is compared with γ, and hardness is high, fragility is high.Nitrogen content is obvious to the final performance impact of infiltration layer.
Furnace pressure
Ion-nitriding furnace furnace pressure is higher, and aura is concentrated; When furnace pressure is low, aura is dispersed.In actually operating, furnace pressure can regulate within the scope of 133-1066Pa.Under high pressure, the long ε phase content of compound layer is high, and low furnace pressure easily obtains γ phase.Lower than 40Pa or ionitriding under higher than the condition of 2660Pa, be not prone to compound layer.
According to hot stamping according to the present invention die steel SDCM1 thermal treatment and surface treatment method, preferably, described nitriding temperature is 520 ℃-550 ℃.
Ionitriding compound layer and diffusion layer temperature increase and significantly increase with temperature, but the weave construction of compound layer is not had much affect, and, even under the low temperature of 400 ℃, also there is obvious nitriding effect, this is also the outstanding feature of ionitriding.There is a maximum value in surface hardness, temperature too low within the specific limits, and hardened layer is too shallow, and strengthening effect is not good enough; Temperature is too high, and the nitride alligatoring in infiltration layer causes hardness to decline.
According to hot stamping according to the present invention die steel SDCM1 thermal treatment and surface treatment method, preferably, described NH
3: the ratio of Ar is 1:8-10.
Further, described NH
3: the ratio of Ar is 1:9.
According to hot stamping according to the present invention die steel SDCM1 thermal treatment and surface treatment method, preferably, described nitriding time is 4-9h.Nitriding has different rules to the impact of ε phase and γ phase compound layer thickness.While being less than 4h, γ phase compound layer thickness extends in time and thickens, and substantially remain unchanged, and ε phase compound layer thickness continues to increase along with nitriding time extends after 4h.In the ordinary course of things, the prolongation of nitriding time always makes compound layer thickness increase.And the diffusion layer degree of depth and compound parabolic relation between the time, its Changing Pattern is similar to gas nitriding.Nitriding atmosphere one timing in stove in addition, the nitrogen concentration of compound layer is not affected by nitriding time.Along with nitriding time extends, diffusion layer is deepened, and hardness gradient tends towards stability; But soaking time increases, and causes nitride microstructure coarsening, cause hardness to decline.
Further, described nitriding time is 6-8h.
In a preferred embodiment, described furnace pressure is 300-600Pa.The furnace pressure of this scope is control surface treatment effect better.
Thermal treatment of the present invention and surface treatment method are applicable to hot stamping die steel SDCM1, a kind of novel hot stamping die steel that die steel SDCM1 is recent development, and its chemical element weight percentage is: C:0.43～0.48%; Si:0.3～0.5%; Mn:0.5～0.8%; Cr:2.3～2.7%; Mo:1.9～2.4%; V:0.7～1.0%; P≤0.03%; S≤0.03%; All the other are Fe and other inevitable impurity.This hot stamping die steel adopts electroslag remelting process, high-temperature homogenization and micronization heat treatment process to control material structure, thereby plays the strengthening effect to material, improves its performance index.Than current material, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the hot stamping die steel that this invention is described has improved more than 29.5%, and heat treatment hardness has improved more than 7.5%, and impelling strength has improved more than 16.7%; And it is low that this hot stamping die steel also has cost, over-all properties advantages of higher.
The present invention, by controlling the parameters such as plasma nitriding atmosphere ratio, nitriding time, furnace pressure, voltage, nitriding temperature, obtains without compound layer nitrided case.When improving die surface hardness, optimize mould solidity to corrosion, wear resistance and anti-adhesion property.Obtain from surface with common plasma nitriding that heart portion is followed successively by compound layer, diffusion layer technique is compared, the resulting fragility of having avoided compound layer without compound layer infiltration layer of the present invention, improved the thermal fatigue property of mould, the compound layer fragmentation of avoiding comes off, and to be conducive to mould wear-resistant for the hard abrasive that produces.
After the present invention's shove charge at a certain temperature insulation for some time, intensification, be incubated again certain hour.And determine soaking time, continue heating and heat preservation with workpiece net thickness.The present invention adopts workpiece net thickness accurately to control soaking time, and adopts high-pressure gas quenching furnace, and the type of cooling is that air cooling oil quenching is to room temperature.And after thermal treatment, by plasma nitriding technique, further improve the work-ing life of mould.
Carburizing treatment and nitriding of the present invention are processed many similarities, all by active atomic, spreads, reacts with body material compound or the sosoloid diffusion layer that forms gradual change.The present invention's nitriding workpiece after tempering of quenching can directly be used without aftertreatment, and nitriding is processed and comprised very complicated quenching and tempering process, and tempering temperature is higher, causes matrix hardness lower.
The present invention makes hot stamping die steel obtain by thermal treatment the tough proportioning that most suitable hot stamping is produced, and effectively improves die surface intensity through surface treatment, strengthens wear resistance, solidity to corrosion, anti-caking and the thermal fatigue resistance of mould.Mould after wearing and tearing, through repair and again plasma nitriding can again come into operation, thereby improve widely the terminal life of mould.Equipment and cost are lower, and workpiece shape, limitation of size are little, can apply to actual production completely.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, in thermal treatment process, the feature of steel of the present invention is that thermal treatment temp and time are strictly controlled, and obtains the mould state of applicable heat stamping and shaping.In surface treatment, by multifactor compound control, obtain the required toughness of hot stamping die and the firm nitride layer of hardness, be thicker bright layer and diffusion layer.In over-all properties, this use hot stamping die rigidity can be: through 1010-1040 ℃ of quenching, after 580-610 ℃ of double tempering, hardness is 51-53HRC, and ballistic work is not less than 180J; After surface plasma nitriding, die surface compound layer 8-12 μ m, micro-vickers hardness 700-860HV0.3, alloying layer thickness 200-250 μ m.Die steel hardness value of the present invention exceeds 12 HRC than general thermal treatment H13, can improve the wear resisting property of mould, can effectively prevent the plucking of die surface, more can greatly extend the work-ing life of mould after plasma surface nitriding.Mould after wearing and tearing can again adopt plasma nitriding art breading of the present invention just can again come into operation after repairing a die, thereby improves widely the terminal life of mould.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is microstructure 500 * structure iron after die steel thermal treatment for hot stamping.
Fig. 2 is to be thermal treatment and surface treatment rear mold steel cross section metallographic 200 * structure iron.
Fig. 3 is thermal treatment and surface treatment rear mold steel cross section scanning electron microscope and some composition analysis.
Fig. 4 is plasma surface nitriding surface sweeping electromicroscopic photograph and EDS energy spectrum analysis figure.
Fig. 5 is top layer image X-ray diffraction analysis.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment has carried out a kind of hot stamping heat-treats and surface treatment with die steel SDCM1, under concrete technology:
(a) thermal treatment process: 1020 ℃ of quenchings, 595 ℃ of tempering 2h, 595 ℃ of tempering 2h then, under this heat treatment condition, hardness and impelling strength: hardness value is 51HRC, notched bar impact strength is 180J.The tempering state of quenching microstructure as shown in Figure 1.
(b) plasma nitriding technique: voltage 850V, atmosphere ratio NH3:Ar=1:9, furnace pressure 450Pa, 530 ℃ of nitriding temperatures, nitriding time 8h.Nitriding rear surface hardness is 810HV0.3, alloying layer thickness 225 μ m.
Embodiment 2
A kind of hot stamping of the present embodiment is heat-treated and surface treatment with die steel SDCM1, under concrete technology:
(a) thermal treatment process: 1025 ℃ of quenchings, 600 ℃ of tempering 2h, 600 ℃ of tempering 2h then, under this heat treatment condition, hardness and impelling strength: hardness value is 51HRC, notched bar impact strength is 190J.
(b) plasma nitriding technique: voltage 880V, atmosphere ratio NH3:Ar=1:9, furnace pressure 525Pa, 540 ℃ of nitriding temperatures, nitriding time 8h.Nitriding rear surface hardness is 860HV0.3, alloying layer thickness 264 μ m.Fig. 2 is this embodiment thermal treatment and surface treatment rear mold steel cross section metallographic 200 * photo.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment has carried out a kind of hot stamping heat-treats and surface treatment with die steel SDCM1, under concrete technology:
(a) thermal treatment process: 1030 ℃ of quenchings, 605 ℃ of tempering 2h, 605 ℃ of tempering 2h then, under this heat treatment condition, hardness and impelling strength: hardness value is 52HRC, notched bar impact strength is 200J.
(b) plasma nitriding technique: voltage 900V, atmosphere ratio NH3:Ar=1:9, furnace pressure 450Pa, 550 ℃ of nitriding temperatures, nitriding time 6h.Nitriding rear surface hardness is 850HV0.3, alloying layer thickness 190 μ m.Fig. 3 is embodiment 3 thermal treatments and surface treatment rear mold steel cross section scanning electron microscope and some composition analysis; Fig. 4 is plasma surface nitriding surface sweeping electromicroscopic photograph and EDS energy spectrum analysis; Fig. 5 is embodiment 3 top layer image X-ray diffraction analysis.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment has carried out a kind of hot stamping heat-treats and surface treatment with die steel SDCM1, under concrete technology:
(a) thermal treatment process: 1010 ℃ of quenchings, 585 ℃ of tempering 2h, 585 ℃ of tempering 2h then, under this heat treatment condition, hardness and impelling strength: hardness value is 52HRC, notched bar impact strength is 200J.
(b) plasma nitriding technique: voltage 650V, atmosphere ratio NH3:Ar=1:8, furnace pressure 500Pa, 520 ℃ of nitriding temperatures, nitriding time 5h.Nitriding rear surface hardness is 850HV0.3, alloying layer thickness 205 μ m.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment has carried out a kind of hot stamping heat-treats and surface treatment with die steel SDCM1, under concrete technology:
(a) thermal treatment process: 1025 ℃ of quenchings, 585 ℃ of tempering 2h, 585 ℃ of tempering 2h then, under this heat treatment condition, hardness and impelling strength: hardness value is 51HRC, notched bar impact strength is 200J.
(b) plasma nitriding technique: voltage 380V, atmosphere ratio NH3:Ar=1:6, furnace pressure 525Pa, 525 ℃ of nitriding temperatures, nitriding time 8.5h.Nitriding rear surface hardness is 840HV0.3, alloying layer thickness 215 μ m.
Hot stamping technology has started widespread use in Hyundai Motor industry, be applicable to manufacture in automobile part high to comfortableness, security requirement, intensity rank superelevation (1500Mpa left and right), as collision bumper, collision prevention girders, B post and stiffener thereof etc., these parts are difficult to produce by traditional Sheet Metal Forming Technology.
In hot stamping technology, hot stamping die is the important factor that determines hot stamping part performance and affect the hot stamping quality of production and efficiency, and hot stamping die rigidity energy and thermal treatment thereof and process for treating surface have mainly affected the quality of hot stamping die, this patent is used on steel SDCM1 basis by research and the application with die steel SDCM1 thermal treatment and process for treating surface to hot stamping at the hot stamping die of independent development, improved preferably the Performance and quality of hot stamping die, extended die life, also corresponding hot stamping part quality and the production efficiency of having improved preferably.This technology popularization can be applied in the manufacture of hot stamping die and the mold repair maintenance of hot stamping production.
Claims (7)
1. die steel SDCM1 thermal treatment and surface treatment method for hot stamping, comprise and quenching and tempering, it is characterized in that: the method comprises:
A, vacuum heat treatment: described quenching temperature is 1010-1040 ℃; Tempering twice, described tempering temperature is 580-610 ℃;
B, surface plasma nitriding: voltage: 600-900V; Atmosphere quality ratio: NH
3: Ar=1:6-10; Furnace pressure is 133-1066Pa.
2. die steel SDCM1 thermal treatment and surface treatment method for hot stamping according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described nitriding temperature is 520 ℃-550 ℃.
3. die steel SDCM1 thermal treatment and surface treatment method for hot stamping according to claim 1, is characterized in that described NH
3: the ratio of Ar is 1:8-10.
4. die steel SDCM1 thermal treatment and surface treatment method for hot stamping according to claim 3, is characterized in that described NH
3: the ratio of Ar is 1:9.
5. die steel SDCM1 thermal treatment and surface treatment method for hot stamping according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described nitriding time is 4-9h.
6. die steel SDCM1 thermal treatment and surface treatment method for hot stamping according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described nitriding time is 6-8h.
7. die steel SDCM1 thermal treatment and surface treatment method for hot stamping according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described furnace pressure is 300-600Pa.
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| CN112176277A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-05 | 常州市汇丰天元热处理有限公司 | Quick-acting nitriding method for intergranular corrosion resistant structural steel |
| CN113913834A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-01-11 | 杭州汉派模具科技有限公司 | Ring die composite hardening process |
| CN114535944A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-05-27 | 河北工业职业技术学院 | Short-process bainite hot working die and preparation method thereof |
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