CN105714190A - Steel for impact-resistant load bearing and heat treatment method of steel - Google Patents

Steel for impact-resistant load bearing and heat treatment method of steel Download PDF

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CN105714190A
CN105714190A CN201610280071.0A CN201610280071A CN105714190A CN 105714190 A CN105714190 A CN 105714190A CN 201610280071 A CN201610280071 A CN 201610280071A CN 105714190 A CN105714190 A CN 105714190A
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steel
bearing
temperature
smaller
top layer
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CN105714190B (en
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杨志南
张福成
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Yanshan University
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Yanshan University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
    • C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/002—Bainite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite

Abstract

The invention relates to steel for an impact-resistant load bearing. The steel is prepared from the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.18-0.30 of C, 1.50-1.80 of Si, 0.20-1.00 of Mn, 1.50-2.00 of Cr, 0.10-0.30 of Ni, 0.05-0.80 of Al, 0.20-0.40 of Mo, 0.20-0.50 of W, 0.0065-0.01of N, S which is smaller than or equal to 0.010, P which is smaller than or equal to 0.015, O which is smaller than or equal to 0.0008, Ti which is smaller than or equal to 0.003 and H which is smaller than or equal to 0.00015. The preparation method comprises the following steps of firstly performing surface carburizing treatment on cemented steel, wherein after carburization, the carbon content of surfaces is 0.80-1.10wt.%, performing spheroidized annealing treatment, and then performing final heat treatment: performing heating to 840-880 DEG C, and maintaining the temperature for 1-3h; and then performing cooling to minus (10-30) DEG C for an Ms surface layer, maintaining the temperature for 2-5 minutes, then putting the cemented steel of minus (10-30) DEG C to a surface with the Ms surface layer of which the temperature is 10-30 DEG C for maintaining the temperature for 3-5 h, continuously performing heating until the Ms surface layer is 50-70 DEG C, maintaining the temperature for 1-2h, and finally, performing air cooling to room temperature. According to the steel disclosed by the invention, the content of Ni in the bearing steel can be greatly reduced, energy can be saved, the cost is reduced, and high tenacity of core parts can also be guaranteed.

Description

A kind of shock-resistant load bearings steel and heat treatment method thereof
Present disclosure belongs to Materials Science and Engineering field, particularly to a kind of bearing steel and preparation method thereof.
Background technology bearing is the key foundation parts in plant equipment, and its service condition is sufficiently complex, it is desirable to bearing not only to have excellent wear, also to have high anti-rolling contact fatigue performance simultaneously.And for some under arms process are additionally subjected to the bearing of bigger load impacting, such as rolling mill bearing, mining machinery bearing, wind power bearing etc., except requiring bearing and there is high-wearing feature, contacting fatigue resistance, also require that Bearing inner has high toughness, it is possible to opposing shock loading.Therefore this class bearing generally selects carburizing bearing steel making.The most frequently used carburizing bearing steel of tradition is G20Cr2Ni4A steel, quench through martensite, after temper for martensite bearing steel, there is high rigidity, excellent wearability and rolling contact fatigue performance, therefore worldwide obtain most commonly used application.But, in G20Cr2Ni4A steel, Ni content is up to 3.25～3.75wt%, and the cost of raw material of bearing steel is very high, reduces the cost of bearing steel, is always up the demand of bearing industry.Therefore, China also develops some low Ni content or the carburizing bearing steels without Ni, and such as steel grades such as G20CrMo, G20CrNiMo, G20CrNi2Mo, G10CrNi3Mo, G20Cr2Mn2Mo, these carburizing bearings are martensite bearing after Final Heat Treatment Process processes.
In recent years, novel carburizing bearing steel development.It is C:0.16～0.24, Si 0.1, Mn 0.1, Cr:0.3～1.5, Ni:1.50～4.50, Mo:0.3～1.5, Nb:0.02～0.10, V:0.3%～0.9 that patent ZL201110156392.7 discloses a kind of chemical composition, bearing steel, final Technology for Heating Processing be oil quenching add lonneal process.Patent ZL201110156409.9 discloses a kind of carburized bearing steel for high-speed railways and preparation method thereof, the composition of its researched and developed bearing steel is C:0.18～0.24, Si 0.1, Mn 0.1, Cr:0.5～2.0, Ni:1.50～4.50, Mo:0.3～1.5, Nb:0.02～0.10, V:0.3%～0.9, and Technology for Heating Processing is that quenching+subzero treatment+lonneal processes.Publication number a kind of carburizing bearing steel that has been the patent disclosure of CN102653843A, its main chemical compositions is C:0.10～0.16, Si:0.15～0.40, Mn:0.40～0.90, Cr:1.3～1.8, Ni:3.10～3.80, Mo:0.02～0.09, Al:0.015～0.04.Patent CN104694847A discloses a kind of containing Ni carburizing bearing steel, and its Final Heat Treatment Process is hardening heat 800-900 DEG C, temperature 150-170 DEG C.After these carburizing bearing steel heat treatment, tissue is martensitic structure.Simultaneously in order to ensure that martensite bearing steel has enough toughness, these bearing steel tissues all add the Ni element no less than 1.5wt.%.
Summary of the invention it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Ni can be greatly lowered content, save the energy, the shock-resistant load bearings steel reducing cost and heat treatment method thereof.The present invention suppresses Carbide Precipitation mainly through adding Si alloying element in bearing steel raw material, add Al alloying element, both ensured to form enough AlN crystal grain thinnings, play again quickening bainite transformation, suppress Carbide Precipitation, decrease the content of retained austenite, ensure the case hardness of bearing and the toughness in heart portion simultaneously.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of shock-resistant load bearings steel, the line and staff control that it is a kind of surface is the multiple dimensioned bainite based on nano-scale, undissolved carbide in conjunction with a small amount of martensite, a small amount of retained austenite and reservation forms, heart portion is the bearing steel of low-carbon martensite and the line and staff control of lower bainite composition；Its chemical composition mass percent is C:0.18～0.30, Si:1.50～1.80, Mn:0.20～1.00, Cr:1.50～2.00, Ni:0.10～0.30, Al:0.05～0.80, Mo:0.20～0.40, W:0.20～0.50, N:0.0065～0.01, S:0.010, P:0.015, O:0.0008, Ti:0.003, H:0.00015, all the other are Fe and normal impurities.
The heat treatment method of above-mentioned bearing steel:
(1) after the bearing steel of mentioned component being processed into bearing, its surface is carried out conventional Carburization Treatment, carburizing rear surface carbon content is 0.80-1.10wt.%, effective case depth 1.0～8.0mm, hardness is not less than HRC58 carburized (case) depth 0.6～3.2mm, carries out conventional spheroidizing subsequently and processes；
(2) bearing of step (1) is carried out finished heat treatment, be heated to 840-880 DEG C of insulation 1～3h, be then cooled to MsTop layer-(10～30) DEG C, temperature retention time 2～5min, it is put into Ms subsequentlyTop layer+ (10～30) DEG C isothermal 3～5h, is continuously heating to MsTop layer+ (50～70) DEG C insulation 1～2h, last air cooling is to room temperature.
The present invention compared with prior art has the advantage that
(1) high in raw material (Si+Al) content can suppress Carbide Precipitation in bainitic transformation process effectively, obtain the bainite structure of high-strength tenacity, simultaneously high Si content can also improve the quenching degree of material so that this bearing steel is suitable for manufacturing big wall thickness bearing；
(2) raw material adds alloy element Al element and accelerate bainitic transformation, simultaneously by three stage isothermal processes, the isothermal time of first stage, shorten bainite transformation stage of incubation, promote bainite forming core, the isothermal time of phase III, accelerate remaining austenite to bainite transformation, reduce residual austenite content, shorten fringe time.Additionally need not finally carry out temper, save heat treatment cost.
(3) content of Ni is greatly lowered in raw material to≤0.3wt.%, reduces cost, the high tenacity in heart portion can also be further ensured that in combination with isothermal processes.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph that the embodiment of the present invention 1 obtains bearing steel top layer.
Fig. 2 is the metallograph that the embodiment of the present invention 1 obtains bearing steel core portion.
Fig. 3 is the transmission electron microscope picture that the embodiment of the present invention 2 obtains bearing steel top layer.
Fig. 4 is the transmission electron microscope picture that the embodiment of the present invention 3 obtains bearing steel core portion.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
Adopt bearing steel chemical composition (wt.%) be: C0.18, Mn0.35, Si1.54, Cr1.72, Mo0.38, W0.21, Ni0.12, Al0.68, O0.00075, P0.011, S0.005, H0.00002, all the other be Fe and normal impurities.Above-mentioned bearing steel carries out Carburization Treatment, and the carbon content on carburizing rear bearing surface is 0.85wt.%, MS top layerBeing 190 DEG C, effective case depth 1.3mm, hardness is not less than HRC58 carburized (case) depth 0.6mm.After bearing steel is carried out spheroidizing process, heat to 850 DEG C and be incubated 2h, after put into 175 DEG C of salt baths carry out isothermal, isothermal time is after 2 minutes, is subsequently placed in the salt bath of 205 DEG C continuation isothermal 5h, finally proceeds in 250 DEG C of stoves air cooling after isothermal 1.5h.Obtaining the tissue on top layer as shown in Figure 1, it is seen that the carbide size on top layer is tiny, and is evenly distributed, bainite size span is bigger；Core structure is with low-carbon martensite for master as shown in Figure 2.Process rear bearing case hardness HRC58.5, the residual austenite content 8.5% on top layer, heart portion impact flexibility akuFor 115J/cm2, centre hardness is HRC38.
Embodiment 2
Adopt bearing steel chemical composition (wt.%) be: C0.23, Mn0.60, Si1.60, Cr1.59, Mo0.31, W0.32, Ni0.12, Al0.08, O0.00068, P0.011, S0.008, H0.00005, all the other be Fe and normal impurities.Above-mentioned bearing steel carries out Carburization Treatment, and the carbon content on carburizing rear bearing surface is 0.96wt.%, MS top layerBeing 193 DEG C, effective case depth 4.1mm, hardness is not less than HRC58 carburized (case) depth 1.7mm.After bearing steel is carried out spheroidizing process, heating to 840 DEG C and be incubated 2.5h, put into and carry out isothermal in 180 DEG C of salt baths, isothermal time is after 3 minutes, is subsequently placed in the salt bath of 215 DEG C continuation isothermal 3h, finally proceeds in 245 DEG C of stoves air cooling after isothermal 2h.Obtaining the tissue on top layer as shown in Figure 3, it can be seen that a small amount of twin crystal martensite tissue, major part lath of bainite thickness is less than 100nm.Process rear bearing case hardness HRC60.5, the residual austenite content 9.3% on top layer, heart portion impact flexibility akuFor 125J/cm2, centre hardness is HRC40.
Embodiment 3
Adopt bearing steel chemical composition (wt.%) be: C0.29, Mn0.95, Si1.66, Cr1.43, Mo0.23, W0.46, Ni0.25, Al0.40, O0.00063, P0.009, S0.007, H0.00003, all the other be Fe and normal impurities.Above-mentioned bearing steel carries out Carburization Treatment, and the carbon content on carburizing rear bearing surface is 1.08wt.%, MS top layerBeing 180 DEG C, effective case depth 7.5mm, hardness is not less than HRC58 carburized (case) depth 3.1mm.After bearing steel is carried out spheroidizing process, heating to 870 DEG C and be incubated 1h, put into and carry out isothermal in 170 DEG C of salt baths, isothermal time is after 4 minutes, is subsequently placed in the salt bath of 210 DEG C continuation isothermal 4h, finally proceeds in 250 DEG C of stoves air cooling after isothermal 1h.What obtain heart portion is organized as the line and staff control with low-carbon martensite for a small amount of bainite of advocating peace, as shown in Figure 4.Process rear bearing case hardness HRC61, the residual austenite content 7.8% on top layer, heart portion impact flexibility akuFor 139J/cm2, centre hardness is HRC41.
Table 1 embodiment and the contrast of G20Cr2Ni4A steel mechanical property
Performance indications G20Cr2Ni4A Embodiment 1 Embodiment 2 Embodiment 3
Case hardness HRC 61 58.5 60.5 61
Center toughness J/cm2 113 115 125 139
Centre hardness HRC 45.5 38 40 41
For carburizing bearing, it is desirable to after Overheating Treatment, the hardness on top layer is not less than HRC58, and centre hardness is not less than HRC32.Table 1 gives the performance comparison of the embodiment of the present invention and G20Cr2Ni4A steel.Can be seen that, performance in the embodiment of the present invention fully meets the requirement of carburizing bearing, heart portion is while meeting hardness simultaneously, and impact flexibility also has further raising than G20Cr2Ni4A steel, illustrates that bearing steel of the present invention and heat treatment method thereof are suitable for manufacturing the bearing of shock-resistant load.

Claims (2)

1. a shock-resistant load bearings steel, it is characterized in that: the line and staff control that it is a kind of surface is the multiple dimensioned bainite based on nano-scale, undissolved carbide in conjunction with a small amount of martensite, a small amount of retained austenite and reservation forms, heart portion is the bearing steel of low-carbon martensite and the line and staff control of lower bainite composition；Its chemical composition mass percent is: C0.18～0.30, Si1.50～1.80, Mn0.20～1.00, Cr1.50～2.00, Ni0.10～0.30, Al0.05～0.80, Mo0.20～0.40, W0.20～0.50, N0.0065～0.01, S 0.010, P 0.015, O 0.0008, Ti 0.003, H 0.00015, all the other are Fe and normal impurities.
2. the shock-resistant load bearings Heat-Treatment of Steel method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
(1) after the bearing steel of mentioned component being processed into bearing, its surface is carried out conventional Carburization Treatment, carburizing rear surface carbon content is 0.80-1.10wt.%, effective case depth 1.0～8.0mm, hardness is not less than HRC58 carburized (case) depth 0.6～3.2mm, carries out conventional spheroidizing subsequently and processes；
(2) bearing of step (1) is carried out finished heat treatment, be heated to 840-880 DEG C of insulation 1～3h, be then cooled to MsTop layer-(10～30) DEG C, temperature retention time 2～5min, it is put into Ms subsequentlyTop layerIsothermal 3～5h in DEG C stove of+(10～30), is continuously heating to MsTop layer+ (50～70) DEG C insulation 1～2h, last air cooling is to room temperature.
CN201610280071.0A 2016-04-29 2016-04-29 A kind of impact resistance load bearings steel and its heat treatment method Active CN105714190B (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106837995A (en) * 2017-04-10 2017-06-13 无锡市海峰海林精工机械制造有限公司 A kind of automobile engine refractory seals bearing
CN111961811A (en) * 2020-09-04 2020-11-20 燕山大学 Method for preparing impact-resistant steel part by using phase change speed difference
CN112313350A (en) * 2018-06-18 2021-02-02 株式会社小松制作所 Method for manufacturing machine component
CN115522020A (en) * 2022-04-27 2022-12-27 无锡市源通轴承有限公司 High-toughness bearing steel and heat treatment method

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JP2007063626A (en) * 2005-08-31 2007-03-15 Jfe Steel Kk Steel component for bearing having excellent fatigue property, and method for producing the same
JP2010255099A (en) * 2009-03-31 2010-11-11 Jfe Steel Corp Method for manufacturing bearing-component excellent in rolling fatigue characteristics under foreign matter environment
CN103540726A (en) * 2013-09-25 2014-01-29 西安交通大学 Method for heat treatment of ultrahigh-carbon bearing steel

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106837995A (en) * 2017-04-10 2017-06-13 无锡市海峰海林精工机械制造有限公司 A kind of automobile engine refractory seals bearing
CN112313350A (en) * 2018-06-18 2021-02-02 株式会社小松制作所 Method for manufacturing machine component
CN111961811A (en) * 2020-09-04 2020-11-20 燕山大学 Method for preparing impact-resistant steel part by using phase change speed difference
CN111961811B (en) * 2020-09-04 2022-05-24 燕山大学 Method for preparing impact-resistant steel part by using phase change speed difference
CN115522020A (en) * 2022-04-27 2022-12-27 无锡市源通轴承有限公司 High-toughness bearing steel and heat treatment method

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