CN113862561A - Long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN113862561A
CN113862561A CN202111052239.XA CN202111052239A CN113862561A CN 113862561 A CN113862561 A CN 113862561A CN 202111052239 A CN202111052239 A CN 202111052239A CN 113862561 A CN113862561 A CN 113862561A
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bearing steel
long
steel pipe
carbon bearing
life high
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曹文全
王辉
史智越
王存宇
徐海峰
俞峰
梁剑雄
许达
刘正东
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Central Iron and Steel Research Institute
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Central Iron and Steel Research Institute
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/62—Selection of substances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/64—Special methods of manufacture
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • F16C2204/66—High carbon steel, i.e. carbon content above 0.8 wt%, e.g. through-hardenable steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • F16C2204/70—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys with chromium as the next major constituent

Abstract

The invention provides a long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of bearing steel. The long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.93-1.05 wt%, Cr: 1.35 to 1.60 wt%, Si: 0.20 to 0.35 wt%, Mn: 0.25-0.45 wt%, P is less than or equal to 0.015 wt%, S is less than or equal to 10ppm, Nb: 0.05 to 0.20 wt%, Mo: 0-0.20 wt%, V: 0 to 0.20 wt%, Zr: 0-0.20 wt%, Ni:0 to 0.2 wt%, Cu: 0 to 0.2 wt% and the balance Fe. The high-carbon bearing steel pipe prepared by the invention has higher contact fatigue life, and can solve the problems that the traditional bearing steel pipe has shorter service life and can not manufacture the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring with long fatigue life under the direct turning process.

Description

Long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bearing steel, in particular to a long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The traditional bearing processing and manufacturing process comprises the steps of material selection of bearing steel, hot processing and cold processing of an inner ring, an outer ring and a rolling body of a bearing and bearing assemblyAnd (4) matching and the like. The hot processing of the inner and outer rings of the bearing comprises austenitizing the bearing steel for manufacturing the inner and outer rings of the bearing at 850-1100 ℃, punching the bearing steel, hot twisting and expanding the inner and outer rings of the bearing, spheroidizing heat treatment of the inner and outer rings of the bearing, and cold processing and grinding the inner and outer rings of the bearing. Therefore, the processes of the hot working for the localization of the bearing manufacturing and the heat treatment for the preliminary structure for the cold working consume a large amount of energy, resulting in a large amount of CO2And (5) discharging. In order to solve the problem, the bearing industry replaces a bearing steel bar with a bearing steel pipe, and the bearing steel pipe is processed into the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing only by cold machining processes such as cold turning, cold twisting and the like. The inner and outer rings of the bearing are manufactured by the cold machining process of the bearing steel pipe instead of the hot machining process of the inner and outer rings of the bearing, so that the energy consumption can be greatly reduced and the environmental pollution can be reduced. However, the contact fatigue life of the inner and outer races of the bearing manufactured by cold working using the conventional high carbon bearing steel pipe is L10≥0.5×107Second, the contact fatigue life L of the inner and outer rings of the bearing manufactured by hot working by using the steel bar of the bearing is far lower10≥1.0×107Secondly, the life and reliability of the bearing product are insufficient. Aiming at the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction and long service life and high reliability of the bearing in the bearing manufacturing process, strengthening, toughening, superfine and long service life researches of the traditional bearing steel pipe are required, the contact fatigue life of the bearing steel pipe is greatly prolonged, and the application proportion of the cold machining process of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing in the bearing manufacturing process is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The high-carbon bearing steel pipe prepared by the invention has higher contact fatigue life, and can solve the problems that the traditional bearing steel pipe has shorter service life and can not manufacture bearing inner and outer rings with long fatigue life under the direct turning process.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe which comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: c: 0.93-1.05 wt%, Cr: 1.35 to 1.60 wt%, Si: 0.20 to 0.35 wt%, Mn: 0.25-0.45 wt%, P is less than or equal to 0.015 wt%, S is less than or equal to 10ppm, Nb: 0.05 to 0.20 wt%, Mo: 0-0.20 wt%, V: 0 to 0.20 wt%, Zr: 0-0.20 wt%, Ni:0 to 0.20 wt%, Cu: 0 to 0.20 wt% and the balance Fe.
Preferably, the composition comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: nb: 0.05 to 0.20 wt%, Mo: 0.05 to 0.20 wt%, V: 0.01 to 0.20 wt% and Zr: 0.05 to 0.20 wt%.
Preferably, the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.99 wt%, Cr: 1.60 wt%, Si: 0.35 wt%, Mn: 0.45 wt%, P: 0.010% by weight, S: 10ppm, Nb: 0.10 wt%, Mo: 0.20 wt%, V: 0.01 wt%, Zr: 0.08 wt%, Ni 0.15 wt%, Cu: 0.15 wt% and the balance Fe.
Preferably, the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.02 wt%, Cr: 1.49 wt%, Si: 0.28 wt%, Mn: 0.35 wt%, P: 0.010% by weight, S: 10ppm, Nb: 0.10 wt%, Mo: 0.05 wt%, V: 0.20 wt%, Zr: 0.02 wt%, Ni 0.05 wt%, and the balance Fe.
The invention provides a preparation method of a long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe material, which comprises the following steps:
smelting the preparation raw materials corresponding to the chemical composition of the long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe to obtain an ingot;
homogenizing the cast ingot, and then carrying out hot forging or hot rolling to obtain a bearing steel bar;
rolling the bearing steel bar to penetrate the pipe to obtain an intermediate pipe;
and performing spheroidizing annealing, quenching and tempering on the intermediate pipe in sequence to obtain the long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe.
Preferably, the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 1150-1250 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-15 hours.
Preferably, before rolling pipe penetration, the bearing steel bar is heated at 950-1150 ℃ and is kept warm for 0.5-5 hours.
Preferably, the spheroidizing annealing includes: heating to 790 ℃ and preserving heat for 4h, then furnace cooling to 720 ℃ and preserving heat for 2h, finally furnace cooling to 650 ℃ and then discharging from the furnace and air cooling to room temperature.
Preferably, the quenching temperature is 840 ℃, the heat preservation time is 0.5 hour, and the cooling mode is oil quenching to the room temperature; the tempering temperature is 170 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours.
The invention provides an application of the long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe material or the long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe material prepared by the preparation method in the scheme in the preparation of inner and outer rings of a bearing through cold machining.
The invention provides a long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe which comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: c: 0.93-1.05 wt%, Cr: 1.35 to 1.60 wt%, Si: 0.20 to 0.35 wt%, Mn: 0.25-0.45 wt%, P is less than or equal to 0.015 wt%, S is less than or equal to 10ppm, Nb: 0.05 to 0.20 wt%, Mo: 0-0.20 wt%, V: 0 to 0.20 wt%, Zr: 0-0.20 wt%, Ni:0 to 0.2 wt%, Cu: 0 to 0.2 wt% and the balance Fe. In the invention, Nb, Mo, V and Zr belong to microalloying elements, and the microalloying elements can form single or composite strong carbide in the smelting, perforating and heat treatment processes of the high-carbon bearing steel, particularly Nb can refine the grain size of the carbide and the prior austenite of the matrix of the bearing steel and improve the hardness, the toughness and the contact fatigue property of the high-carbon bearing steel. The results of the examples show that the high-carbon bearing steel pipe has the hardness of more than or equal to 62HRC, the tensile strength Rm of more than or equal to 2400MPa, the unnotched impact Ak of more than or equal to 80J, and the contact fatigue life L under the Hertz stress of 4.5GPa10≥4.0×107And secondly, compared with the traditional high-carbon bearing steel pipe, the hardness, the obdurability and the contact fatigue performance are greatly improved, the requirements of the cold machining process and the long service life of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing are met, and the low-carbon industrial development policy guidance is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the room temperature elongation of inventive Steel No. 4 and comparative Steel No. 7;
FIG. 2 is a Weibull distribution diagram showing contact fatigue life of inventive Steel No. 4 and comparative Steel No. 7.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe which comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: c: 0.93-1.05 wt%, Cr: 1.35 to 1.60 wt%, Si: 0.20 to 0.35 wt%, Mn: 0.25-0.45 wt%, P is less than or equal to 0.015 wt%, S is less than or equal to 10ppm, Nb: 0.05 to 0.20 wt%, Mo: 0-0.20 wt%, V: 0 to 0.20 wt%, Zr: 0-0.20 wt%, Ni:0 to 0.2 wt%, Cu: 0 to 0.2 wt% and the balance Fe.
The long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe provided by the invention comprises 0.93-1.05 wt% of C, preferably 0.95-1.02 wt%, and more preferably 0.96-1.00 wt%. In the examples of the present invention, the content of C is 0.93 wt%, 0.99 wt%, 1.02 wt%, or 1.05 wt%. In the invention, C element is used as carbide forming element and high hardenability element in the bearing steel, and the content of C element is controlled in the above range, so that on one hand, the content of carbide in the steel pipe of the bearing steel can be ensured to be about 1.0%, and on the other hand, the hardness of a martensite matrix can be ensured to exceed 58 HRC.
The long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe provided by the invention comprises 1.35-1.60 wt% of Cr1.40-1.55 wt%, preferably 1.45-1.50 wt%. In the examples of the present invention, the content of Cr is 1.35 wt%, 1.44 wt%, 1.49 wt%, or 1.60 wt%. In the present invention, Cr functions as an element for improving the hardenability of bearing steel and promoting the stabilization of carbides, and serves to increase the hardness of the matrix and stabilize carbides.
The long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe provided by the invention comprises, by mass, 0.20-0.35 wt% of Si, preferably 0.22-0.32 wt%, and more preferably 0.25-0.30 wt%. In the embodiment of the present invention, the content of Si is 0.20 wt%, 0.25 wt%, 0.28 wt%, 0.29 wt%, or 0.35 wt%. In the invention, Si is used as an element for improving the elastic property in the bearing steel, and the existence of Si can not only inhibit the occurrence of cementite in the low-temperature tempering process of the bearing steel, but also improve the elastic limit of the bearing steel. However, too high Si content may decrease the machinability of the high carbon bearing steel.
The long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe provided by the invention comprises 0.25-0.45 wt% of Mn0.28-0.40 wt%, preferably 0.30-0.36 wt%. In the examples of the present invention, the content of Mn is 0.25 wt%, 0.30 wt%, 0.35 wt%, or 0.45 wt%. According to the invention, by controlling the content of Mn within the range, on one hand, the hardenability of steel can be improved, and on the other hand, the problems that Mn is segregated in a grain boundary and the control difficulty of the content of residual austenite is increased due to the excessively high content of Mn can be prevented.
The long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe provided by the invention comprises P not more than 0.015 wt%, preferably not more than 0.010 wt%. In the present invention, P is an introduced element of the bearing steel material, and too high P content causes grain boundary segregation during the solidification of molten steel, which deteriorates the toughness of the bearing steel and needs to be controlled.
The long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe provided by the invention comprises S less than or equal to 10ppm, preferably less than or equal to 8ppm in percentage by mass. In the invention, S is taken as an element introduced into a bearing steel raw material, and the excessive content of S can cause the generation of large flaky sulfides (MnS) in the process of solidifying molten steel, form long-strip MnS parallel to the rolling direction in the process of rolling, cut off a bearing steel matrix perpendicular to the rolling direction, deteriorate the toughness of the bearing steel perpendicular to the rolling direction and need to be strictly controlled. In order to ensure high isotropy of the bearing steel, the S content in the bearing steel needs to be controlled to 10ppm or less.
The long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe provided by the invention comprises, by mass, 0.05-0.20 wt% of Nb0.05, preferably 0.07-0.17 wt%, and more preferably 0.10-0.15 wt%. In the examples of the present invention, the content of Nb is 0.05 wt%, 0.10 wt%, or 0.20 wt%. In the invention, Nb has obvious structure refining effect and can form strong carbide with C.
The long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe provided by the invention comprises, by mass, Mo 0-0.20 wt%, preferably 0.05-0.20 wt%, and more preferably 0.10-0.15 wt%. In the examples of the present invention, the content of Mo is 0.05 wt%, 0.10 wt%, 0.15 wt%, or 0.20 wt%.
The long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe provided by the invention comprises, by mass, V0-0.20 wt%, preferably 0.01-0.20 wt%, and more preferably 0.05-0.15 wt%. In the examples of the present invention, the content of V is 0.01 wt% or 0.20 wt%
The long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe provided by the invention comprises, by mass, Zr 0-0.20 wt%, preferably 0.05-0.20 wt%, and more preferably 0.10-0.15 wt%. In the examples of the present invention, the content of Zr is 0.02 wt%, 0.05 wt%, 0.08 wt%, or 0.20 wt%.
In the invention, the Nb, the Mo, the V and the Zr belong to micro-alloying elements, the micro-alloying elements can form single or composite strong carbides in the smelting, perforating and heat treatment processes of the high-carbon bearing steel, particularly the Nb can refine the grain sizes of the carbides and the prior austenite of the matrix of the bearing steel and improve the hardness, the toughness and the contact fatigue property of the high-carbon bearing steel. In the present invention, it is preferable to use Nb, Mo, V and Zr at the same time, and the effect is more excellent.
The long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe provided by the invention comprises, by mass, Ni 0-0.2 wt%, preferably 0.01-0.20 wt%. In the examples of the present invention, the Ni content is 0, 0.05 wt%, 0.15 wt%, 0.20 wt%, or 0.25 wt%. In the invention, the Ni can improve the toughness of the high-carbon bearing steel pipe.
The long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe provided by the invention comprises, by mass, 0.01-0.20 wt% of Cu 0-0.2 wt%, preferably 0.01-0.20 wt%. In the examples of the present invention, the content of Cu is 0.10 wt%, 0.15 wt%, or 0.20 wt%. By controlling the Cu content within the above range, the present invention is useful for improving the corrosion resistance of the bearing steel and preventing adverse effects on hot working of the bearing steel.
The long-life high-carbon bearing steel provided by the invention also comprises the balance of Fe.
The invention provides a preparation method of a long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe material, which comprises the following steps:
smelting the preparation raw materials corresponding to the chemical composition of the long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe to obtain an ingot;
homogenizing the cast ingot, and then carrying out hot forging or hot rolling to obtain a bearing steel bar;
rolling the bearing steel bar to penetrate the pipe to obtain an intermediate pipe;
and performing spheroidizing annealing, quenching and tempering on the intermediate pipe in sequence to obtain the long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe.
The invention correspondingly treats the chemical composition of the long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe, and the preparation raw materials are smelted to obtain the cast ingot. The invention has no special requirements on the smelting process, and the smelting process well known in the field can be adopted. In the invention, the smelting can be converter, electric furnace or induction furnace smelting, and the invention does not have special requirements for the smelting.
After the cast ingot is obtained, the cast ingot is homogenized and then is subjected to hot forging or hot rolling to obtain the bearing steel bar.
In the invention, the temperature of the homogenization treatment is preferably 1150-1250 ℃, and more preferably 1180-1220 ℃; the heat preservation time is preferably 2 to 15 hours, and more preferably 5 to 10 hours.
The present invention does not require any particular embodiment of the hot forging or hot rolling, and the hot forging or hot rolling method known in the art may be used. The invention has no special requirements on the size of the bearing steel bar, and the bearing steel bar can be selected by a person skilled in the art according to the requirements. In the embodiment of the invention, the hot forging temperature is 900-1250 ℃, and the diameter of the bearing steel bar is 50 mm.
After the bearing steel bar is obtained, the bearing steel bar is rolled and penetrated to obtain an intermediate pipe.
Before rolling pipe penetration, the bearing steel bar is preferably heated at 950-1150 ℃ and is subjected to heat preservation for 0.5-5 hours, more preferably heated at 1000-1100 ℃ and is subjected to heat preservation for 2-4 hours, so that the pipe penetration is conveniently rolled.
In the present invention, the rolling of the pierced pipe preferably includes rough rolling of the pierced pipe and finish rolling; the initial rolling temperature of the rough rolling perforated pipe is preferably 1000-1020 ℃, the fine rolling is preferably carried out immediately after the rough rolling perforated pipe is finished, and the finish rolling temperature of the fine rolling is preferably 930 ℃.
After the finish rolling is completed, the invention preferably cools the steel plate to 600 ℃ by water and then cools the steel plate to room temperature by air. The invention adopts a mode of water cooling first and air cooling second, which can reduce or even avoid the occurrence of the net-shaped carbide, thereby avoiding the reduction of the metallurgical quality and the service life of the net-shaped carbide.
After the intermediate pipe is obtained, the intermediate pipe is sequentially subjected to spheroidizing annealing, quenching and tempering to obtain the long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe.
In the present invention, the spheroidizing annealing preferably includes: heating to 790 ℃ and preserving heat for 4h, then furnace cooling to 720 ℃ and preserving heat for 2h, finally furnace cooling to 650 ℃ and then discharging from the furnace and air cooling to room temperature.
In the spheroidizing annealing process, fine and uniform carbides are formed. The invention can avoid the appearance of net-shaped carbide or large-particle carbide by controlling the spheroidizing annealing condition. The invention can form carbide in stages by cooling in stages, thereby controlling the content and the granularity of the carbide.
In the invention, the quenching temperature is preferably 840 ℃, the holding time is preferably 0.5 hour, and the cooling mode is preferably oil quenching to room temperature; the tempering temperature is preferably 170 ℃, and the holding time is preferably 3 hours. In the quenching process, a high-hardness martensite structure is obtained; in the tempering process, the stress is eliminated and the residual austenite is reduced, and a high-hardness and high-toughness tissue structure with spherical carbides uniformly distributed on a martensite matrix is obtained.
The invention provides an application of the long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe material or the high-carbon bearing steel pipe material prepared by the preparation method in the scheme in the preparation of inner and outer rings of a bearing through cold machining. Compared with the traditional high-carbon bearing steel pipe, the high-carbon bearing steel provided by the invention has the advantages that the hardness, the obdurability and the contact fatigue performance are greatly improved, and the requirements of the cold machining process and the long service life of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing are met.
The long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe material provided by the present invention, the preparation method and the application thereof are described in detail below with reference to the examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Smelting the preparation raw materials according to the components of No. 1 in the table 1, adopting a vacuum induction furnace to smelt, and casting a round ingot with the ingot shape of 50kg and the ingot diameter of about 120 mm;
heating the cast ingot at 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 6 hours, carrying out homogenization treatment, then forging and cogging, wherein the forging temperature range is 1220 ℃, cooling by water after forging, and finally forging into a bearing steel bar with the diameter of 50 mm;
heating a bearing steel bar with the diameter of 50mm to 1040-1050 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 hours; roughly rolling the heated bar to penetrate the pipe, and controlling the initial rolling temperature of the bar to be 1000 ℃; then, finish rolling is carried out, the finish rolling temperature is controlled to be 930 ℃, water cooling is carried out to 600 ℃ quickly after rolling, then air cooling is carried out to room temperature, and an intermediate pipe is obtained;
and performing spheroidizing annealing, quenching and tempering on the intermediate pipe in sequence to obtain the long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe.
Carrying out spheroidizing annealing on the intermediate pipe: firstly heating to 790 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, then cooling to 720 ℃ by a furnace at 15 ℃/hour, preserving heat for 2 hours at the temperature, finally cooling to 650 ℃ by the furnace at 15 ℃/hour, taking out of the furnace, and air-cooling to room temperature;
sequentially quenching and tempering the spheroidized annealed pipe: heating to 840 ℃ and preserving heat for 0.5 hour, then quenching oil to room temperature, and finally tempering at 170 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the long-life high-carbon bearing steel.
Examples 2 to 6
The long-life high-carbon bearing steel is prepared according to the conditions of example 1, the difference is only in the components of the high-carbon bearing steel, and the specific components are shown in the furnace numbers 2# to 6# in the table 1.
Comparative example 1
The only difference from example 1 is the chemical composition of the bearing steel, see table 1 for comparative steel or furnace number 7 #.
TABLE 1 chemical composition (wt%) of bearing steels of examples and comparative examples
Figure BDA0003253386930000081
The bearing steels of examples and comparative examples were subjected to hardness test, contact fatigue life evaluation of the bearing steels by a contact fatigue testing machine, mechanical property test by a tensile testing machine and U-notch and unnotched impact toughness test by an impact toughness testing machine. Wherein, fig. 1 is a room temperature tensile graph of inventive steel 4# and comparative steel 7#, it can be seen that the inventive steel has higher tensile strength and elongation; FIG. 2 is a Weibull distribution diagram showing the contact fatigue life of inventive Steel 4# and comparative Steel 7# showing that the contact fatigue life of inventive Steel pipe is 5 times or more that of conventional Steel pipe. Specific results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 mechanical properties and contact fatigue life of bearing steels of examples and comparative examples
Figure BDA0003253386930000082
As can be seen from Table 2, the high-carbon bearing steel pipe provided by the invention has higher obdurability and longer contact fatigue life than the common bearing steel pipe.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe is characterized by comprising the following elements in percentage by mass: c: 0.93-1.05 wt%, Cr: 1.35 to 1.60 wt%, Si: 0.20 to 0.35 wt%, Mn: 0.25-0.45 wt%, P is less than or equal to 0.015 wt%, S is less than or equal to 10ppm, Nb: 0.05 to 0.20 wt%, Mo: 0-0.20 wt%, V: 0 to 0.20 wt%, Zr: 0-0.20 wt%, Ni:0 to 0.20 wt%, Cu: 0 to 0.20 wt% and the balance Fe.
2. The long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe material as claimed in claim 1, comprising the following elements in mass percent: nb: 0.05 to 0.20 wt%, Mo: 0.05 to 0.20 wt%, V: 0.01 to 0.20 wt% and Zr: 0.05 to 0.20 wt%.
3. The long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe material as claimed in claim 2, comprising, in mass percent, C: 0.99 wt%, Cr: 1.60 wt%, Si: 0.35 wt%, Mn: 0.45 wt%, P: 0.010% by weight, S: 10ppm, Nb: 0.10 wt%, Mo: 0.20 wt%, V: 0.01 wt%, Zr: 0.08 wt%, Ni 0.15 wt%, Cu: 0.15 wt% and the balance Fe.
4. The long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe material as claimed in claim 2, comprising, in mass percent, C: 1.02 wt%, Cr: 1.49 wt%, Si: 0.28 wt%, Mn: 0.35 wt%, P: 0.010% by weight, S: 10ppm, Nb: 0.10 wt%, Mo: 0.05 wt%, V: 0.20 wt%, Zr: 0.02 wt%, Ni 0.05 wt%, and the balance Fe.
5. The method for preparing the long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
smelting the preparation raw materials corresponding to the chemical composition of the long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe to obtain an ingot;
homogenizing the cast ingot, and then carrying out hot forging or hot rolling to obtain a bearing steel bar;
rolling the bearing steel bar to penetrate the pipe to obtain an intermediate pipe;
and performing spheroidizing annealing, quenching and tempering on the intermediate pipe in sequence to obtain the long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the homogenization treatment is carried out at 1150 to 1250 ℃ for 2 to 15 hours.
7. The preparation method of claim 5, wherein the bearing steel bar is heated at 950-1150 ℃ and kept warm for 0.5-5 hours before rolling and tube penetrating.
8. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the spheroidizing annealing includes: heating to 790 ℃ and preserving heat for 4h, then furnace cooling to 720 ℃ and preserving heat for 2h, finally furnace cooling to 650 ℃ and then discharging from the furnace and air cooling to room temperature.
9. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the quenching temperature is 840 ℃, the holding time is 0.5 hour, and the cooling mode is oil quenching to room temperature; the tempering temperature is 170 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours.
10. Use of the long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 or the long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe material prepared by the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 9 in cold working for preparing inner and outer rings of a bearing.
CN202111052239.XA 2021-09-08 2021-09-08 Long-life high-carbon bearing steel pipe and preparation method and application thereof Pending CN113862561A (en)

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