CN114481011A - Solid nitriding process for surface strengthening of hot die steel with low deformation - Google Patents
Solid nitriding process for surface strengthening of hot die steel with low deformation Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005256 carbonitriding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000802 nitrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBUTVDSHVUGWOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ni].[Cr].[Ni] Chemical compound [Si].[Ni].[Cr].[Ni] DBUTVDSHVUGWOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/60—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C8/62—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes only one element being applied
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
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Abstract
A hot die steel low-deformation surface reinforced solid nitriding process comprises the steps of burying a hot die steel workpiece into a stainless steel protective tank filled with granular charcoal, putting the hot die steel workpiece into a crucible furnace hearth heated to 800 ℃, continuously heating to 1000-1100 ℃ and keeping constant temperature, and cooling to room temperature by oil immersion; then putting the mixture into a hearth of a crucible furnace which is cooled to the first tempering temperature, carrying out first tempering, cooling the mixture to room temperature in oil immersion mode, putting the mixture and a solid nitriding agent into a stainless steel infiltration tank, and sealing a tank cover by using mixed pug prepared by adding water glass and water into bentonite; and (3) putting the hot die steel into a crucible furnace hearth heated to 570-580 ℃ for heat preservation, and cooling the hot die steel to room temperature by oil immersion to obtain the high-hardness and high-wear-resistance hot die steel workpiece. The advantages are that: the process is simple, fast in infiltration speed, convenient in implementation, wide in adaptability, low in cost, free of expensive special equipment and suitable for improving the performance of various high-alloy hot-working dies with the tempering temperature ranging from 500 ℃ to 600 ℃.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of chemical heat treatment strengthening of steel surface, and particularly relates to a solid nitriding process for strengthening the low-deformation surface of hot die steel.
Background
The 3Cr2W8V steel and H13 steel are high-alloy hot-work die steel with more domestic dosage, and the steel contains more elements such as Cr, W, Mo, V and the like which can improve the tempering stability, the hot hardness, the hardenability and the grain refinement. High alloy hot work die steel is commonly used for manufacturing various hot forging dies, hot extrusion dies and die casting dies which work at high temperature, and under the working condition, the dies bear larger stress and thermal wear, so that the high alloy hot work die steel is required to have higher matrix strength and toughness, high thermal stability and thermal fatigue and thermal wear resistance. The steel contains more alloy elements for improving thermal stability and forming carbide, although the carbon content is only 0.3-0.4%, the steel belongs to the hypereutectoid steel range, and the steel is used as a hot-working die material at the temperature of 600 ℃, really has good high-temperature strength, hot hardness and certain toughness, and can generally meet the use requirements of most hot forming processing. However, the hardness of the material after conventional quenching is low, so that the material is easy to fail prematurely due to early high-temperature abrasion of a die caused by insufficient surface hardness under severe working conditions. Therefore, on the premise of not influencing the strength and toughness of the core part of the die, certain measures are taken to effectively improve the hardness and wear resistance of the surface of the die so as to prolong the service life of the die.
CN 110565048A discloses a heat treatment process for improving hot hardness and high-temperature wear resistance of hot die steel, which comprises the steps of mixing charcoal, urea particles, sodium carbonate powder and chromic anhydride to obtain a strong carbonitriding agent; simultaneously loading a hot die steel workpiece and a strong carbonitriding agent into a infiltration box, and sealing a box cover of the infiltration box; and (3) putting the infiltration box into a crucible type electric furnace for strong carbonitriding at a constant temperature of 850-950 ℃, then directly immersing the hot die steel workpiece into quenching oil for cooling after quenching treatment, and putting the hot die steel workpiece into a box type medium temperature tempering furnace for tempering twice after air cooling to obtain the hot die steel workpiece with high hot hardness, high temperature and high wear resistance. The advantages are that: the method has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, low cost and obvious effect, the Rockwell hardness of the surface of the obtained hot die steel can reach more than 62HRC, the high-temperature wear resistance at the temperature of 600 ℃ is more than 2 times of that of a conventional heat treatment piece of the same hot die steel, and the service life of a hot working die can be effectively prolonged. However, the heat treatment process is to carry out strong carbonitriding at the high temperature of 850-950 ℃, so that a hot die steel die workpiece is easy to deform at high temperature and cannot be finished, and the die precision is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a solid nitriding process for strengthening the low-deformation surface of hot die steel, which has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, low treatment temperature and good hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of products.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a solid nitriding process for surface strengthening of a hot die steel with low deformation comprises the following specific steps:
(1) compounding solid nitriding agent
Uniformly mixing 60-65% of 603 liquid carburizing agent and 35-40% of agricultural urea according to the weight percentage to obtain a solid nitriding agent;
(2) quenching and primary tempering heat treatment
Embedding a hot die steel workpiece into a stainless steel protective tank filled with granular charcoal, then placing the stainless steel protective tank into a crucible furnace hearth heated to 800 ℃, continuously heating to 1000-1100 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1-2 hours, taking out the stainless steel protective tank from the crucible furnace hearth, and then putting the workpiece in the stainless steel protective tank into a quenching oil tank to be oil-immersed and cooled to room temperature; putting the workpiece cooled by the quenching oil into the hearth of the crucible furnace cooled by the first tempering temperature again, carrying out first tempering at 500-600 ℃, and then carrying out oil immersion cooling to room temperature;
(3) surface finishing
Grinding and processing the hot die steel workpiece subjected to the first tempering for surface finishing to achieve the designed dimensional precision and roughness;
(4) secondary tempering and nitriding treatment
Simultaneously loading the surface-finished hot die steel workpiece and the solid nitriding agent prepared in the step (1) into a stainless steel nitriding tank, and sealing a tank cover by using mixed pug prepared by adding water glass and water into bentonite; and (3) putting the assembled stainless steel infiltration tank into a hearth of a crucible furnace heated to 570-580 ℃, preserving heat for 4-6 hours, discharging the stainless steel infiltration tank out of the furnace, taking out the hot die steel workpiece from the stainless steel infiltration tank, and carrying out oil immersion cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-hardness and high-wear-resistance hot die steel workpiece.
Furthermore, the hot die steel workpiece is made of 3Cr2W8V hot die steel or H13 hot die steel.
Further, the temperature of the secondary tempering and nitriding treatment in the step (4) is 580 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours.
Further, the constant temperature in the step (1) is 1050 ℃, and the constant temperature time is 1 hour; the first tempering temperature is 600 ℃, and the tempering time is 1 hour.
Further, the solid nitriding agent comprises 65% of 603 liquid carburizing agent and 35% of agricultural urea in percentage by weight.
Furthermore, when the hot die steel workpiece is made of 3Cr2W8V hot die steel, the thickness of the surface nitriding layer of the obtained high-hardness and high-wear-resistance hot die steel workpiece is 0.25-0.30 mm, and the surface hardness is 1180HV0.1。
Furthermore, when the hot die steel workpiece is made of H13 hot die steel, the thickness of the surface nitriding layer of the obtained high-hardness and high-wear-resistance hot die steel workpiece is 0.2-0.25 mm, and the surface hardness is 1050HV0.1。
Furthermore, when the nitriding agent and the hot mold steel workpieces are simultaneously loaded into the stainless steel nitriding tank, the nitriding agent with the thickness of 20mm is uniformly paved at the bottom of the tank, the hot mold steel workpieces are placed on the nitriding agent, the interval between every two adjacent hot mold steel workpieces is not less than 10mm, the nitriding agent is filled in the adjacent hot mold steel workpieces, and the thickness of the nitriding agent covered on the surface of the hot mold steel workpiece on the uppermost layer is not less than 30 mm.
Further, the chemical components of the H13 hot die steel are as follows: the mass fraction of C was 0.38%, the mass fraction of Si was 1.10%, the mass fraction of Mn was 0.40%, the mass fraction of S was 0.016%, the mass fraction of P was 0.018%, the mass fraction of Cr was 4.8%, the mass fraction of Mo was 1.55%, and the mass fraction of V was 0.82%.
Further, the 3Cr2W8V hot die steel comprises the following chemical components: the mass fraction of C was 0.35%, the mass fraction of Si was 0.22%, the mass fraction of Mn was 0.35%, the mass fraction of W was 8.6%, the mass fraction of S was 0.018%, the mass fraction of P was 0.010%, the mass fraction of Cr was 2.4%, and the mass fraction of V was 0.33%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the surface nitriding chemical heat treatment is carried out while the hot die steel workpiece is integrally tempered, the conventional tempering temperature of H13 hot die steel and 3Cr2W8V hot die steel can meet the temperature requirement of the nitriding process, and the tempering and nitriding are carried out simultaneously, so that the tempering process of the hot die steel workpiece is realized, a nitriding hardened layer with a certain depth is obtained on the surface of the steel workpiece, the surface performance of the hot die steel is improved, and the service life of a die is prolonged. The process makes the hot die steel workpiece have base structure identical to that of conventional quenching, and the hot die steel workpiece has nitride layer adhered to the surface and with certain thickness, and the nitride layer has one thin white and bright nitride layer to resist corrosion and one black diffusion layer with certain depth inside and great amount of very fine nitride dispersed on the base of the tempered martensite. The surface of the hot die steel die treated by the process can obtain a nitriding hardened layer with the depth of 0.2-0.3 mm, the hardness value can reach 1050-1180 HV, and compared with a conventional quenching part, the surface of the hot die steel die has better wear resistance, good high-temperature hot hardness and good corrosion resistance.
The process is simple, fast in infiltration speed, convenient in implementation, wide in adaptability, low in cost, free of expensive special equipment and suitable for improving the performance of various high-alloy hot-working dies with the tempering temperature ranging from 500 ℃ to 600 ℃.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the quenching and powder embedding solid nitriding composite heat treatment process of H13 steel and 3Cr2W8V steel according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the structure of the surface layer of 3Cr2W8V steel obtained by the present invention (corresponding to example 1) after solid nitriding by quenching and powder embedding;
FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the structure of the surface layer of H13 steel obtained by the present invention (corresponding to example 2) after solid nitriding by quenching and powder embedding;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the hardness change of the surface layer of a 3Cr2W8V/H13 steel workpiece obtained after quenching and solid nitriding by the powder inclusion method according to the present invention with that of a conventional quenched workpiece;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the results of pin-on-disk frictional wear test at a high temperature of 600 ℃ of 3Cr2W8V steel obtained after quenching and solid nitriding by powder embedding method according to the present invention (corresponding to example 1) with conventional quenched workpieces.
Detailed Description
The equipment and material preparation related to the embodiment of the invention are as follows:
(1) model SG2The crucible type experimental resistance furnace of-12-12D has the maximum use temperature of 1200 ℃, the size of a hearth of phi 350 multiplied by 400mm, and the temperature control of a nickel-chromium-nickel-silicon thermocouple with the precision of +/-3 ℃.
(2) 2 large-caliber stainless steel tanks with the size of phi 120 multiplied by 150mm are used as a protective tank for preventing the surface of the workpiece from being oxidized and decarburized when the workpiece is quenched and heated in the earlier stage; a tank for later nitriding of a workpiece. The stainless steel infiltration tank cover sealing mud is prepared by adding water glass and water into bentonite. Several granular charcoal for quench protection were prepared.
(3) The solid nitrating agent is prepared by evenly mixing 65 wt% of nine-star 603 liquid nitrating agent and 35 wt% of large-particle agricultural urea.
(4) Sufficient transformer oil for quenching and tempering cooling.
(5) The hot die steel workpiece is an annealed H13 and 3Cr2W8V hot die steel material, and the chemical composition of the hot die steel workpiece meets the technical requirement of GB/T1299-2000. The original metallographic structures of the alloy are ferrite matrix and granular carbide. The sizes of the metallographic phase, the hardness and the abrasion sample are equal to phi 30 multiplied by 6mm, and the surface roughness of the sample is 0.8-1.6 mm.
The original chemical components and the structural states of two high-alloy hot die steel test pieces used in the embodiment of the invention are shown in the table 1: the chemical components of the material all meet the requirements of GB/T1299-2000.
TABLE 1 chemical composition and original structure of experimental high-alloy hot-die steel
Example 1
(1) Compounding solid nitriding agent
Uniformly mixing 65kg of 603 liquid carburizing agent and 35kg of agricultural urea to obtain a solid nitriding agent;
(2) quenching and primary tempering heat treatment
The temperature rise curve is shown in fig. 1, and firstly, the crucible resistance furnace is heated to 800 ℃ for standby. Then 10 pieces of 3Cr2W8V hot die steel workpieces (components are shown in Table 1) are put into a stainless steel protective tank, a cover is filled with granular charcoal, the stainless steel protective tank is put into a hearth of a crucible resistance furnace, the crucible resistance furnace is heated to 1050 ℃ and kept at the constant temperature for 1 hour, then the protective tank is taken out of the furnace, a tank cover is opened, the test pieces in the charcoal are taken out and immersed into transformer oil, and the oil is taken out after the temperature is cooled to room temperature. And (3) putting the hot die steel workpiece after oil discharge into the hearth of the crucible resistance furnace which is cooled to 600 ℃, tempering for 1 hour, and then cooling to room temperature in transformer oil.
(3) Surface finishing
Grinding and processing the hot die steel workpiece subjected to the first tempering, and performing surface finishing, wherein the surface is finely ground until Ra is 0.8-1.6;
(4) stainless steel infiltration tank
Firstly paving 20mm thick powder solid nitriding agent on the bottom layer of a stainless steel nitriding tank, then sequentially placing 3Cr2W8V hot die steel workpieces which are tempered for one time, wherein the distance between every two adjacent hot die steel workpieces is more than or equal to 10mm, and then filling and tamping the solid nitriding agent; and after the second layer of solid nitriding agent is added, the second layer of 3Cr2W8V hot die steel workpiece is added, and the operations are sequentially carried out. And (3) burying a solid nitriding agent with the thickness of 50mm above the last layer of 3Cr2W8V hot die steel workpiece and tamping. Then, covering the stainless steel infiltration tank with a cover, and sealing the stainless steel infiltration tank with sealing mud;
(5) secondary tempering and nitriding treatment
And (3) putting the stainless steel infiltration tank filled with the 3Cr2W8V hot die steel workpiece into a crucible resistance furnace heated to 580 ℃, keeping the temperature constant for 4 hours at the temperature, taking out the stainless steel infiltration tank from the furnace, opening a cover, taking out the 3Cr2W8V hot die steel workpiece, putting the stainless steel infiltration tank into transformer oil, cooling to room temperature, and cleaning after cooling. And finishing the whole composite heat treatment.
Example 2
(1) Compounding solid nitriding agent
Uniformly mixing 65kg of 603 liquid carburizing agent and 35kg of agricultural urea to obtain a solid nitriding agent;
(2) quenching and primary tempering heat treatment
Firstly, heating a crucible resistance furnace to 800 ℃ for standby. Then 10 pieces of H13 hot die steel workpieces (components are shown in table 1) are put into a stainless steel protective tank, a cover is filled with granular charcoal and then put into a crucible resistance furnace hearth, the temperature is raised to 1050 ℃ and kept constant for 1 hour, then the protective tank is taken out of the furnace, a tank cover is opened, a test piece in the charcoal is taken out and immersed into transformer oil, and the oil is taken out after the temperature is cooled to room temperature. And (3) putting the hot die steel workpiece after oil discharge into the hearth of the crucible resistance furnace which is cooled to 600 ℃, tempering for 1 hour, and then cooling to room temperature in transformer oil.
(3) Surface finishing
Grinding and processing the hot die steel workpiece subjected to the first tempering, and performing surface finishing, wherein the surface is finely ground until Ra is 0.8-1.6;
(4) stainless steel infiltration tank
Firstly paving 20mm thick powder solid nitriding agent on the bottom layer of a stainless steel nitriding tank, then sequentially placing H13 hot mold steel workpieces which are tempered once, wherein the distance between every two adjacent hot mold steel workpieces is more than or equal to 10mm, and then filling and tamping the solid nitriding agent; and adding a second layer of solid nitriding agent, and then putting a second layer of H13 hot die steel workpiece, and sequentially operating. And (3) burying a solid nitriding agent with the thickness of 50mm above the last layer of H13 hot die steel workpiece and tamping. Then, covering the stainless steel infiltration tank with a cover, and sealing the stainless steel infiltration tank with sealing mud;
(5) secondary tempering and nitriding treatment
And (3) putting the stainless steel infiltration tank filled with the H13 hot die steel workpiece into a crucible resistance furnace heated to 580 ℃, keeping the temperature constant for 4 hours at the temperature, taking out the stainless steel infiltration tank from the furnace, opening a cover, taking out the H13 hot die steel workpiece, putting the H13 hot die steel workpiece into transformer oil, cooling to room temperature, and cleaning after cooling. And finishing the whole composite heat treatment.
Example 3
(1) Compounding solid nitriding agent
Uniformly mixing 60kg of 603 liquid carburizing agent and 40kg of agricultural urea according to the weight percentage to obtain a solid nitriding agent;
quenching and primary tempering heat treatment in the step (2), surface finishing in the step (3) and stainless steel infiltration tank installation in the step (4) are the same as in the example 1;
(5) secondary tempering and nitriding treatment
And (3) putting the stainless steel infiltration tank filled with the 3Cr2W8V hot die steel workpiece into a crucible resistance furnace heated to 570 ℃, keeping the temperature constant for 6 hours at the temperature, taking out the stainless steel infiltration tank from the furnace, opening a cover, taking out the 3Cr2W8V hot die steel workpiece, putting the stainless steel infiltration tank into transformer oil, cooling to room temperature, and cleaning after cooling. And finishing the whole composite heat treatment.
Comparative example 1 conventional quenched workpiece: the secondary tempering is carried out without adding nitriding agent, only granular charcoal is used for air isolation protection, and the other steps are the same as those of the example 1.
(1) Quenching and primary tempering heat treatment
Firstly, heating a crucible resistance furnace to 800 ℃ for standby. Then 10 pieces of 3Cr2W8V hot die steel workpieces (components are shown in Table 1) are put into a stainless steel protective tank, a cover is filled with granular charcoal, the stainless steel protective tank is put into a hearth of a crucible resistance furnace, the crucible resistance furnace is heated to 1050 ℃ and kept at the constant temperature for 1 hour, then the protective tank is taken out of the furnace, a tank cover is opened, the test pieces in the charcoal are taken out and immersed into transformer oil, and the oil is taken out after the temperature is cooled to room temperature. And (3) putting the hot die steel workpiece after oil discharge into the hearth of the crucible resistance furnace which is cooled to 600 ℃, tempering for 1 hour, and then cooling to room temperature in transformer oil.
(2) Surface finishing
Grinding and processing the hot die steel workpiece subjected to the first tempering, and performing surface finishing, wherein the surface is finely ground until Ra is 0.8-1.6;
(3) secondary tempering treatment
And (3) placing the primarily tempered 3Cr2W8V hot die steel workpiece into a crucible resistance furnace heated to 580 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4 hours at the temperature, taking out the 3Cr2W8V hot die steel workpiece from the furnace, placing the hot die steel workpiece into transformer oil, cooling to room temperature, and cleaning after cooling. And finishing the whole composite heat treatment.
Comparative example 2 conventional quenched workpiece: the secondary tempering is carried out without adding nitriding agent, only granular charcoal is used for air isolation protection, and the other steps are the same as those of the example 2.
(1) Quenching and primary tempering heat treatment
Firstly, heating a crucible resistance furnace to 800 ℃ for standby. Then 10 pieces of H13 hot die steel workpieces (components are shown in table 1) are put into a stainless steel protective tank, covered with granular charcoal, put into a crucible resistance furnace hearth, heated to 1050 ℃ and kept at the constant temperature for 1 hour, then the protective tank is taken out of the furnace, the tank cover is opened, the test pieces in the charcoal are taken out and immersed into transformer oil, and the oil is taken out after the temperature is cooled to room temperature. And (3) putting the hot die steel workpiece after oil discharge into the hearth of the crucible resistance furnace which is cooled to 600 ℃, tempering for 1 hour, and then cooling to room temperature in transformer oil.
(2) Surface finishing
Grinding and processing the hot die steel workpiece subjected to the first tempering, and performing surface finishing, wherein the surface is finely ground until Ra is 0.8-1.6;
(3) secondary tempering treatment
Putting the H13 hot die steel workpiece after primary tempering into a crucible resistance furnace heated to 580 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4 hours at the temperature, taking out the H13 hot die steel workpiece from the furnace, putting the H3578 hot die steel workpiece into transformer oil, cooling to room temperature, and cleaning after cooling. And finishing the whole composite heat treatment.
First, inspection and test method
After all the hot die steel workpieces of 3Cr2W8V and H13 subjected to quenching and embedding method solid nitriding composite heat treatment in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 are subjected to composite heat treatment, an Axio Vert A1 Zeiss metallographic microscope is used for carrying out surface structure inspection and measurement of the depth of a nitriding layer; respectively carrying out core hardness and surface layer microhardness gradient tests on two steel samples by using an HR-150DT Rockwell hardness tester and an HV-1000 microhardness tester; and the MMU-10G microcomputer is used for controlling the high-temperature end face friction wear testing machine to perform a high-temperature pin disc type wear test on the test piece at the temperature of 600 ℃.
Second, test and test results
1) Metallographic structure: after the H13 hot die steel workpiece of the example 2 is subjected to solid nitriding by an embedding method, the outermost layer of the surface of the workpiece is a white and bright nitride layer, and the compound layer has high hardness and corrosion resistance; the white-bright nitride layer is a diffusion layer of darker nitrogen in the tempered martensite inward, and is completely uniform in the tempered martensite inward. The 3Cr2W8V hot die steel workpiece of example 1 has the same surface structure as the H13 hot die steel workpiece of example 2, and white small blocky alloy carbides are distributed on the matrix of tempered martensite, which is not related to the nitriding process. (see FIGS. 2 and 3)
2) Depth of surface nitriding layer: after solid nitriding at 580 ℃ for 4H by an embedding method, the depth of a total nitriding hardened layer on the surface of the H13 hot die steel workpiece in the embodiment 2 is about 0.2-0.25 mm; the depth of the total nitriding hardened layer on the surface of the 3Cr2W8V hot die steel workpiece in the embodiment 1 is about 0.25-0.30 mm, namely, the nitriding effect of the 3Cr2W8V steel is better than that of the H13 steel under the same nitriding condition. (see FIGS. 2 and 3)
3) Hardness of surface nitriding layer: after solid nitriding at 580 ℃ for 4H by the embedding method, the hardness of the nitriding layer on the surface of the H13 hot die steel workpiece in the example 2 is 1050HV0.1(ii) a The highest hardness of the surface nitriding layer of the 3Cr2W8V hot die steel workpiece of the example 1 is 1180HV0.1That is, under the same nitriding conditions, the 3Cr2W8V hot die steel workpiece has a slightly higher nitriding layer hardness than the H13 hot die steel workpiece. And a reasonable hardness gradient is formed by the surface to the heart. Hardness of workpiece coreIs 49-54 HRC. (see FIG. 4 for showing)
4) High-temperature friction and wear test: the 3Cr2W8V hot die steel workpiece is subjected to 580 ℃ multiplied by 4h solid nitriding treatment and conventional quenching and tempering treatment (the workpiece obtained in example 1 and comparative example 1) to carry out a wear test of 600 ℃ multiplied by 20 hours on an MMU-10G microcomputer controlled high-temperature end face friction wear tester, the relative wear loss of the workpiece in the same time is calculated, and the data result proves that: the amount of wear of the end faces of the quenched + solid nitrided workpiece of example 1 was much less than that of the conventional quenched workpiece of comparative example 1 in the same time period, i.e., the high temperature wear resistance of the nitrided surface was about 3 times that of the conventional quenched workpiece (see fig. 5).
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A solid nitriding process for surface strengthening of hot die steel with low deformation is characterized in that:
the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) compounding solid nitriding agent
Uniformly mixing 60-65% of 603 liquid carburizing agent and 35-40% of agricultural urea according to the weight percentage to obtain a solid nitriding agent;
(2) quenching and primary tempering heat treatment
Embedding a hot die steel workpiece into a stainless steel protective tank filled with granular charcoal, then placing the stainless steel protective tank into a crucible furnace hearth heated to 800 ℃, continuously heating to 1000-1100 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1-2 hours, taking out the stainless steel protective tank from the crucible furnace hearth, and then putting the workpiece in the stainless steel protective tank into a quenching oil tank to be oil-immersed and cooled to room temperature; putting the workpiece cooled by the quenching oil into the hearth of the crucible furnace cooled by the first tempering temperature again, carrying out first tempering, and then cooling to room temperature by oil immersion;
(3) surface finishing
Grinding and processing the hot die steel workpiece subjected to the first tempering for surface finishing to achieve the designed dimensional precision and roughness;
(4) secondary tempering and nitriding treatment
Simultaneously loading the surface-finished hot die steel workpiece and the solid nitriding agent prepared in the step (1) into a stainless steel nitriding tank, and sealing a tank cover by using mixed pug prepared by adding water glass and water into bentonite; and (3) putting the assembled stainless steel infiltration tank into a hearth of a crucible furnace heated to 570-580 ℃, preserving heat for 4-6 hours, discharging the stainless steel infiltration tank out of the furnace, taking out the hot die steel workpiece from the stainless steel infiltration tank, and carrying out oil immersion cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-hardness and high-wear-resistance hot die steel workpiece.
2. The solid nitriding process for the surface strengthening of the hot die steel with low deformation according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the hot die steel workpiece is made of 3Cr2W8V hot die steel or H13 hot die steel.
3. The solid nitriding process for the surface strengthening of the hot die steel with low deformation according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the temperature of the secondary tempering and nitriding treatment in the step (4) is 580 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours.
4. The solid nitriding process for the surface strengthening of the hot die steel with low deformation according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the constant temperature in the step (1) is 1050 ℃, and the constant temperature time is 1 hour; the first tempering temperature is 600 ℃, and the tempering time is 1 hour.
5. The solid nitriding process for the surface strengthening of the hot die steel with low deformation according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the solid nitriding agent comprises 65 percent of 603 liquid carburizing agent and 35 percent of agricultural urea by weight percentage.
6. The solid nitriding process for the surface strengthening of the hot die steel with low deformation according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: when the hot die steel workpiece is made of 3Cr2W8V hot die steel, the surface of the obtained high-hardness and high-wear-resistance hot die steel workpiece is nitridedThe thickness of the layer is 0.25-0.30 mm, and the surface hardness is 1180HV0.1。
7. The solid nitriding process for the surface strengthening of the hot die steel with low deformation according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: when the hot die steel workpiece is made of H13 hot die steel, the thickness of the surface nitriding layer of the obtained high-hardness and high-wear-resistance hot die steel workpiece is 0.2-0.25 mm, and the surface hardness is 1050HV0.1。
8. The solid nitriding process for the surface strengthening of the hot die steel with low deformation according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: when the nitriding agent and the hot mold steel workpieces are simultaneously loaded into the stainless steel nitriding tank, the nitriding agent with the thickness of 20mm is uniformly paved at the bottom of the tank, the hot mold steel workpieces are placed on the nitriding agent, the interval between every two adjacent hot mold steel workpieces is more than or equal to 10mm, the nitriding agent is filled in the adjacent hot mold steel workpieces, and the thickness of the nitriding agent covered on the surface of the hot mold steel workpiece on the uppermost layer is more than or equal to 30 mm.
9. The solid nitriding process for the surface strengthening of the hot die steel with low deformation according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the H13 hot die steel comprises the following chemical components: the mass fraction of C was 0.38%, the mass fraction of Si was 1.10%, the mass fraction of Mn was 0.40%, the mass fraction of S was 0.016%, the mass fraction of P was 0.018%, the mass fraction of Cr was 4.8%, the mass fraction of Mo was 1.55%, and the mass fraction of V was 0.82%.
10. The solid nitriding process for the surface strengthening of the hot die steel with low deformation according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the 3Cr2W8V hot die steel comprises the following chemical components: the mass fraction of C was 0.35%, the mass fraction of Si was 0.22%, the mass fraction of Mn was 0.35%, the mass fraction of W was 8.6%, the mass fraction of S was 0.018%, the mass fraction of P was 0.010%, the mass fraction of Cr was 2.4%, and the mass fraction of V was 0.33%.
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