CN103774049B - High-ductility high wear-resistant height chromium ledeburite cold-work die steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-ductility high wear-resistant height chromium ledeburite cold-work die steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention is specially a kind of high-ductility high wear-resistant height chromium ledeburite cold-work die steel and preparation method thereof, solve existing D2 cold-work die steel easily occur carbide segregation seriously cause toughness lower there is microscopic nicks and occur fracture problem.C? 1.40-1.65%; Si≤0.60%; Mn≤0.60%; S≤0.020%; P≤0.020%; Cr? 8-13.00%; Mo? 0.70-1.20%; V? 0.20-1.00%; Nb? 0.005-0.20%; RE? 0.003-0.02%; Ni≤0.25%; Cu≤0.30%; All the other are Fe and impurity; A, raw scrap material is added melting in electric arc furnace; B, by after ingot mold preheating insulation the demoulding insulation slow cooling after come out of the stove; C, steel ingot is carried out secondary refining; D, obtain forged steel pieces; E, forged steel pieces are come out of the stove air cooling; F, then carry out second time preheating, air cooling of coming out of the stove; Finally carry out tempering.The present invention improves mould toughness and wear resistance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cold-work die steel making field, be specially a kind of high-ductility high wear-resistant height chromium ledeburite cold-work die steel and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
D2 steel is a kind of high carbon and chromium ledeburite type cold-work die steel, and air cooling can harden.It is a grade of steel in U.S. ASTMA681-94 " alloy tool steel technical qualification ", within 1985, has included China standard GB1299-85 " alloy tool steel technical qualification " in, but the content of Mo and V in D2 steel doubles above than Crl2MoV steel.Therefore, when introducing D2 steel in GB1299-85, be decided to be Cr12Mo1V1 by China's grade of steel representation.
D2 steel is a kind of cold-work die steel of international type, and it is all incorporated oneself national standard by nearly all advanced industrial country, as: the BD2 steel in Britain BS4659; SKD11 steel in Japan JIS4404; X155CrVMo12l steel in Germany DIN17350; Z160CDV12 steel in France A35-580.Be characterized in: carbon content is high, alloying element is many, there is a large amount of carbide in steel, and fragility is large, and resistance to deformation is large, and when forging and hot rolling, temperature range is narrower, and thermomechanical poor processability and decarburization trend are greatly.But with the mould that it manufactures, there is high rigidity, medium toughness and excellent anti-deformation after becoming a useful person, therefore long service life, deeply favored by external each cold-work die producer since appearance always.
D2 steel easily occurs that carbide segregation is serious, cause directivity to be out of shape and toughness lower, easily there is microscopic nicks in heavily stressed place, situation about rupturing easily occurs after thermal treatment.
Summary of the invention
The present invention in order to solve existing D2 cold-work die steel easily occur carbide segregation seriously cause toughness lower there is microscopic nicks and occur fracture problem, provide a kind of high-ductility high wear-resistant height chromium ledeburite cold-work die steel and preparation method thereof.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize: the preparation method of high-ductility high wear-resistant height chromium ledeburite cold-work die steel, is made up of the raw material of following mass percent, C1.40-1.65%; Si≤0.60%; Mn≤0.60%; S≤0.020%; P≤0.020%; Cr8-13.00%; Mo0.70-1.20%; V0.20-1.00%; Nb0.005-0.20%; RE0.003-0.02%; Ni≤0.25%; Cu≤0.30%; All the other are Fe and impurity; Adopt following steps: a, raw scrap material is added melting in electric arc furnace, smelting temperature is 1500-1600 DEG C, adds raw material and reductor in fusion process, carries out secondary refining subsequently by ladle refining furnace and vacuum degassing furnace; B, ingot mold is preheating to 250-300 DEG C, pouring temperature is 1460-1510 DEG C, comes out of the stove after insulation after demoulding insulation slow cooling; C, steel ingot is put into electroslag remelting device as consumable electrode carry out secondary refining, reduce gas and inclusion content, obtain uniform composition, dense structure, ingot casting that quality is high; D, ingot casting preheating temperature 650-705 DEG C, Heating temperature is 1120-1140 DEG C, and initial forging temperature is 1050-1070 DEG C, and final forging temperature is 850-925 DEG C, and forging ratio is 8, obtains forged steel pieces; E, forged steel pieces are at 870-890 DEG C of insulation 2h, and after stove is chilled to 740-760 DEG C of isothermal 3h subsequently, stove is chilled to less than 550 DEG C air coolings of coming out of the stove; F, be then slowly warmed up to 600 DEG C, carry out first time preheating after insulation 20min, after samming, rise to 850 DEG C, then be incubated 30min and carry out second time preheating, be finally warmed up to 1040-1060 DEG C, be incubated 25-40min, air cooling of coming out of the stove; Finally carry out tempering at 180-230 DEG C of insulation 2h.
By adding niobium and rare earth on the basis of original D2 steel, reduce chromium content, refinement, Deformation recrystallization refinement and thermal treatment refinement complex art are solidified in performance, form carbide or the carbonitride of high temperature, when can solidify as high chromium ledeburite die steel, austenite core, plays and solidifies refining effect; By Nb microalloying, control Deformation recrystallization process, obtain the crystal grain that as-forged condition is tiny; By optimization thermal treatment, and in austenite insulating process, (before comprising forging the front heating with quenching) NbC separates out prevention Austenite Grain Growth, obtains the using-system of refinement; By the Metamorphism treatment of rare earth element, reduce carbide segregation, improve inclusion and eutectic carbides form.The hardness performance of material and impact resistance are all significantly increased, and this proportioning is through that a large amount of test repeatedly draws; During forging, choosing of Heating temperature can not be too high, easily occurs burn-off phenomenon; Temperature is too low, easily occurs crackle and resistance to deformation increase.When forging ratio is lower, can not primary carbide be smashed, affect structure of steel mechanical property.The quenching temperature of steel is 1040-1060 DEG C, slightly higher than D2 steel quenching temperature (1010 DEG C), this is the result of niobium element and rare earth element fining austenite grains, during the quenching of this temperature, the proeutectoid carbide size that tempering obtains is tiny, the refinement of martensitic crystal grains size, remained austenite content is lower, therefore has higher hardness.Soaking time is long, can soften, and hardness reduces.Quenching temperature is too high, Austenite Grain Growth, and remained austenite content is too high, finally organizes hardness to reduce; Quenching temperature reduces, and carbide dissolution is insufficient, finally organizes hardness also lower.Different tempering temperature is chosen according to different use.The mould that steel of the present invention is not high to simple smallclothes use temperature, from energy-conservation consideration, takes low tempering temperatures.Overcome existing D2 cold-work die steel easily occur carbide segregation seriously cause toughness lower there is microscopic nicks and occur fracture problem.
The interior tissue of high-ductility high wear-resistant height chromium ledeburite cold-work die steel is that length is less than 30 microns, the width tiny plate martensite that is less than 0.5 micron.
High comprehensive performance of the present invention, the cold-work die steels such as alternative Cr12MoV, D2 steel class, improve mould toughness and wear resistance, work-ing life improves greatly, thus reduction use cost, expand use range, effectively can to solve under the Special use environment such as heavy shock loads, working speed are high, high precision and long service life poor toughness tipping or fracture, the problem such as not wear-resisting.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
The preparation method of the preparation method of high-ductility high wear-resistant height chromium ledeburite cold-work die steel, is made up of the raw material of following mass percent, C1.40%; Si0.01%; Mn0.01%; S0.01%; P0.01%; Cr8%; Mo0.70%; V0.20%; Nb0.005%; RE0.003%; Ni0.01%; Cu0.01%; All the other are Fe and impurity; Adopt following steps: a, raw scrap material is added melting in electric arc furnace, smelting temperature is 1500 DEG C, adds raw material and reductor in fusion process, carries out secondary refining subsequently by ladle refining furnace and vacuum degassing furnace; B, ingot mold is preheating to 250 DEG C, pouring temperature is 1460 DEG C, comes out of the stove after insulation after demoulding insulation slow cooling; C, steel ingot is put into electroslag remelting device as consumable electrode carry out secondary refining, reduce gas and inclusion content, obtain uniform composition, dense structure, ingot casting that quality is high; D, ingot casting preheating temperature 650 DEG C, Heating temperature is 1120 DEG C, and initial forging temperature is 1050 DEG C, and final forging temperature is 850 DEG C, and forging ratio is 8, obtains forged steel pieces; E, forged steel pieces are at 870 DEG C of insulation 2h, and after stove is chilled to 740 DEG C of isothermal 3h subsequently, stove is chilled to less than 550 DEG C air coolings of coming out of the stove; F, be then slowly warmed up to 600 DEG C, carry out first time preheating after insulation 20min, after samming, rise to 850 DEG C, then be incubated 30min and carry out second time preheating, be finally warmed up to 1040 DEG C, be incubated 25min, air cooling of coming out of the stove; Finally carry out tempering at 180 DEG C of insulation 2h.
The die steel interior tissue that the preparation method of high-ductility high wear-resistant height chromium ledeburite cold-work die steel obtains is that mean length is about 30 microns, width average is about the tiny plate martensite of 0.5 micron.
Steel hardness is HRC62.4, and ballistic work is 65J, and wear weight loss is 13.4mg; Relatively D2 steel hardness HRC61.3, ballistic work is 45J, and wear weight loss is 22.3mg, and wear resistance and impelling strength significantly improve.
embodiment 2
The preparation method of high-ductility high wear-resistant height chromium ledeburite cold-work die steel, is characterized in that: be made up of the raw material of following mass percent, C1.65%; Si0.60%; Mn0.60%; S0.020%; P0.020%; Cr13.00%; Mo1.20%; V1.00%; Nb0.20%; RE0.02%; Ni0.25%; Cu0.30%; All the other are Fe and impurity; Adopt following steps: a, raw scrap material is added melting in electric arc furnace, smelting temperature is 1600 DEG C, adds raw material and reductor in fusion process, carries out secondary refining subsequently by ladle refining furnace and vacuum degassing furnace; B, ingot mold is preheating to 300 DEG C, pouring temperature is 1510 DEG C, comes out of the stove after insulation after demoulding insulation slow cooling; C, steel ingot is put into electroslag remelting device as consumable electrode carry out secondary refining, reduce gas and inclusion content, obtain uniform composition, dense structure, ingot casting that quality is high; D, ingot casting preheating temperature 705 DEG C, Heating temperature is 1140 DEG C, and initial forging temperature is 1070 DEG C, and final forging temperature is 925 DEG C, and forging ratio is 8, obtains forged steel pieces; E, forged steel pieces are at 890 DEG C of insulation 2h, and after stove is chilled to 760 DEG C of isothermal 3h subsequently, stove is chilled to less than 550 DEG C air coolings of coming out of the stove; F, be then slowly warmed up to 600 DEG C, carry out first time preheating after insulation 20min, after samming, rise to 850 DEG C, then be incubated 30min and carry out second time preheating, be finally warmed up to 1060 DEG C, be incubated 40min, air cooling of coming out of the stove; Finally carry out tempering at 230 DEG C of insulation 2h.
The die steel interior tissue that the preparation method of high-ductility high wear-resistant height chromium ledeburite cold-work die steel obtains is that mean length is about 30 microns, width average is about the tiny plate martensite of 0.4 micron.
Steel hardness is HRC59, and ballistic work is 71J, and wear weight loss is 26.3mg; Relatively D2 steel hardness HRC61.3, ballistic work is 45J, and wear weight loss is 22.3mg, and wear resistance reduces, and impelling strength raises.
embodiment 3
The preparation method of high-ductility high wear-resistant height chromium ledeburite cold-work die steel, is characterized in that: be made up of the raw material of following mass percent, C1.55%; Si0.37%; Mn0.45%; S≤0.013%; P≤0.015%; Cr11.8%; Mo0.98%; V0.87%; Nb0.11%; RE0.009%; Ni0.18%; Cu0.21%; All the other are Fe and impurity; Adopt following steps: a, raw scrap material is added melting in electric arc furnace, smelting temperature is 1585 DEG C, adds raw material and reductor in fusion process, carries out secondary refining subsequently by ladle refining furnace and vacuum degassing furnace; B, ingot mold is preheating to 285 DEG C, pouring temperature is 1489 DEG C, comes out of the stove after insulation after demoulding insulation slow cooling; C, steel ingot is put into electroslag remelting device as consumable electrode carry out secondary refining, reduce gas and inclusion content, obtain uniform composition, dense structure, ingot casting that quality is high; D, ingot casting preheating temperature 650-705 DEG C, Heating temperature is 1129 DEG C, and initial forging temperature is 1056 DEG C, and final forging temperature is 867 DEG C, and forging ratio is 8, obtains forged steel pieces; E, forged steel pieces are at 879 DEG C of insulation 2h, and after stove is chilled to 758 DEG C of isothermal 3h subsequently, stove is chilled to less than 550 DEG C air coolings of coming out of the stove; F, be then slowly warmed up to 600 DEG C, carry out first time preheating after insulation 20min, after samming, rise to 850 DEG C, then be incubated 30min and carry out second time preheating, be finally warmed up to 1051 DEG C, be incubated 31min, air cooling of coming out of the stove; Finally carry out tempering at 197 DEG C of insulation 2h.
The die steel interior tissue that the preparation method of high-ductility high wear-resistant height chromium ledeburite cold-work die steel obtains is that mean length is about 25 microns, width average is about the tiny plate martensite of 0.4 micron.
Steel hardness is HRC64.3, and ballistic work is 84J, and wear weight loss is 8.3mg.Relatively D2 steel hardness HRC61.3, ballistic work is 45J, and wear weight loss is 22.3mg, and wear resistance and impelling strength significantly improve.
Claims (2)
1. a preparation method for high-ductility high wear-resistant height chromium ledeburite cold-work die steel, is characterized in that: be made up of the raw material of following mass percent, C1.40-1.65%; Si≤0.60%; Mn≤0.60%; S≤0.020%; P≤0.020%; Cr8-13.00%; Mo0.70-1.20%; V0.20-1.00%; Nb0.005-0.20%; RE0.003-0.02%; Ni≤0.25%; Cu≤0.30%; All the other are Fe and impurity; Adopt following steps: a, raw scrap material is added melting in electric arc furnace, smelting temperature is 1500-1600 DEG C, adds raw material and reductor in fusion process, carries out secondary refining subsequently by ladle refining furnace and vacuum degassing furnace; B, ingot mold is preheating to 250-300 DEG C, pouring temperature is 1460-1510 DEG C, comes out of the stove after insulation after demoulding insulation slow cooling; C, steel ingot is put into electroslag remelting device as consumable electrode carry out secondary refining, reduce gas and inclusion content, obtain uniform composition, dense structure, ingot casting that quality is high; D, ingot casting preheating temperature 650-705 DEG C, Heating temperature is 1120-1140 DEG C, and initial forging temperature is 1050-1070 DEG C, and final forging temperature is 850-925 DEG C, and forging ratio is 8, obtains forged steel pieces; E, forged steel pieces are at 870-890 DEG C of insulation 2h, and after stove is chilled to 740-760 DEG C of isothermal 3h subsequently, stove is chilled to less than 550 DEG C air coolings of coming out of the stove; F, be then slowly warmed up to 600 DEG C, carry out first time preheating after insulation 20min, after samming, rise to 850 DEG C, then be incubated 30min and carry out second time preheating, be finally warmed up to 1040-1060 DEG C, be incubated 25-40min, air cooling of coming out of the stove; Finally carry out tempering at 180-230 DEG C of insulation 2h.
2. the die steel interior tissue that the preparation method of a high-ductility high wear-resistant height chromium ledeburite cold-work die steel as claimed in claim 1 obtains is that length is less than 30 microns, the width tiny plate martensite that is less than 0.5 micron.
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Denomination of invention: High toughness, high wear resistance, high chromium ledeburite cold working die steel and its preparation method Effective date of registration: 20230911 Granted publication date: 20151209 Pledgee: China CITIC Bank Co.,Ltd. Taiyuan Branch Pledgor: SHANXI BUYEASY MACHINERY MANUFACTURE Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023140000049 |