CN104480400B - A kind of C-N-B composite hardening high wear-resisting cold process mould steel - Google Patents
A kind of C-N-B composite hardening high wear-resisting cold process mould steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN104480400B CN104480400B CN201410797731.3A CN201410797731A CN104480400B CN 104480400 B CN104480400 B CN 104480400B CN 201410797731 A CN201410797731 A CN 201410797731A CN 104480400 B CN104480400 B CN 104480400B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
Abstract
A kind of C N B composite hardening high wear-resisting cold process mould steel, belong to the specific chemical composition percetage by weight of this steel of mould steel field: C:1.5～1.9%, Si:0.5～1.5%, S :≤0.030%, P :≤0.030%, Mn :≤0.5%, Cr:8.5～11.0%, V:0.1～0.8%, N:0.05～0.15%, B:0～0.1%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.The present invention is compared with prior art keeping while toughness, is having higher hardness and wearability, and combination property is good.Compared with existing Cr12MoV cold work die steel, steel of the present invention optimizes Cr content and C content, uses thinking and the method for C N B complex intensifying, makes steel on the premise of not deteriorating eutectic carbide, increases the hardness of steel, make material have higher wearability.Increase elements Si content and improve hardness, strengthen wearability.By the enforcement of above technology, the anti-wear performance of material can be effectively improved, meet user's long-life demand.Steel of the present invention has the combination property more excellent than Cr12MoV steel.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of mold steel, particularly to a kind of C-N-B composite hardening high wear-resisting cold process mould steel.
It is applicable to stamping-out, punching press, cold-heading, stretching, impressing mould steel, it is possible to be applied to instrument and roll steel etc..
Background technology
Cold work die steel mainly for the manufacture of at ambient temperature by diel compressing for metal material, including
Blanking die, drawing die, bending, flanging die, impressing mould, cold extrusion die, cold upsetting die of car, roll-in
Mould and powder compaction device etc..Strength of Metallic Materials owing to being processed is high, and resistance of deformation is big, therefore to mould
The intensity of material and wearability have the highest requirement.At present, not material self (not including process for treating surface)
Obtaining high-wearing feature mainly to be realized by following two aspects, one is the matrix obtaining high rigidity, makes matrix itself
Under the effect by strong friction, it still is able to keep high resistance capacity to deformation.Two is distribution height on matrix
The spread, high rigidity, the carbide of high abrasion.In order to reach high-wearing feature, the feature of high rigidity, at present, relatively
It is still the Cr12 series cold work die steel with Cr12MoV steel as representative for general cold work die steel.Cr12MoV steel
Feature be that the composition utilizing higher C content (about 1.5wt%) and Cr content (about 12wt%) designs, make in steel
Obtain substantial amounts of eutectic carbide to increase wearability.But owing to C content and Cr content are the highest, steel was solidifying
In journey, as-cast structure segregation is serious, and eutectic carbide particle size is the biggest.Intensity (hardness) and toughness are originally
The mechanical performance index of conflict, intensity (hardness) more high tenacity is the lowest.If steel exists bulky grain eutectic carbon
Compound, it will deteriorate toughness further.Therefore, how to improve hardness and don't deterioration eutectic carbide size is high
The key of carbon high-chromium wear-resistant cold work die steel.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of C-N-B composite hardening high wear-resisting cold process mould steel.Based on numerous studies work
Make basis, optimize the chemical composition of design steel, utilize the mechanism of C-N-B composite hardening, improve the hardness of steel and resistance to
Mill property, be a kind of than Cr12MoV steel more high rigidity more resistant to mill cold work die steel, have huge economic benefit and
Social benefit.
The chemical composition (weight %) of steel of the present invention is: C:1.5～1.9%, Si:0.5～1.5%, S :≤0.030%,
P :≤0.030%, Mn :≤0.5%, Cr:8.5～11.0%, V:0.1～0.8%, N:0.05～0.15%, B:
0～0.1%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
The present invention optimizes content and the proportioning of C content of design alloying elements cr, it is thus achieved that high hardness and wearability.
Considering the needs of hardness and wearability, and don't deteriorate eutectic carbide, Cr content controls 8.5～11.0%
Between scope.The most strictly control C/Cr proportioning；With the method for C-N-B composite hardening, improve steel
Hardness and wearability, played the effect of composite hardening by the interpolation of N and B, it is to avoid simple solid by C gap
The C content that molten strengthening increases hardness and causes is too high, causes the negative effect that eutectic carbide prosperity deteriorates；Play
The effect of Si solution strengthening, improves hardness and wearability.Make this mould steel have the highest wearability to have again well
Toughness, and become excellent die steel, there is good usability and application prospect.
Particularly as follows: (1) designs optimal Cr content range, make steel can obtain optimum tenacity and wearability coupling, Cr's
Content range 8.5～11.0%；In order to control carbide size and segregation, obtain high rigidity and wearability, control again
The content of C-N-B processed, the total content of C-N-B controls at 1.55 ＜ C+N+B ＜ 2.15；(2) optimize design Si, Mn,
The content of V makes steel have more preferable hardness, wearability, impact flexibility and crystallite dimension, improves its combination property.
The effect of above-mentioned each element and proportioning are according to as follows:
C: carbon is indispensable element in cold work die steel, and its content is the highest, particularly with cold-working
Mould steel.On the one hand carbon is maximally effective solution strengthening element in steel, and on the other hand carbon is to form various carbides
Formation element, especially in cold work die steel, it is ensured that sufficient carbide content is in order to ensure wearability.But
The too high negative effect of carbon content is that the impact flexibility reducing steel, especially carbon and alloy content are the highest to certain journey
Degree, will occur eutectic reaction, form thick eutectic carbide, significantly reduce the toughness of steel.So, from intensity,
From the point of view of wearability and toughness aspect, carbon effect in mould steel is conflicting.Carbon content is too high, can affect
Toughness.Carbon content is too low, and the intensity of mould steel and wearability are not enough.Present invention determine that carbon content is 1.5～1.9%.
Cr: chromium is relatively inexpensive carbide former in mould steel, it is therefore necessary to carefully use chromium.
Chromium is less than tungsten, molybdenum etc. with the affinity of carbon in all multielements forming carbide more than ferrum and manganese.When chromium content
During less than 3%, chromium replaces a part of ferrum and forms Composite carburization body (Fe, Cr)3C.When chromium content is more than 3%, it is less than
When 5%, carbide becomes (Fe, Cr)7C3.When chromium content is higher than 11%, it will occur (Fe, Cr)23C6Carbonization
Thing.Additionally, at the zone line of these content, have the Mixed Zone that two kinds of carbides coexist.(Fe,Cr)7C3With
(Fe,Cr)23C6The performance of steel is had a significant impact, particularly the wearability of steel.Therefore, the most wear-resisting for needs
Cold-working mould, fine measuring instrument and gauge etc. often use chromium content to be greater than 5%.But Cr content is the highest, can occur
Eutectic reaction forms thick eutectic carbide, affects toughness, and eutectic carbide granule is the biggest, and distributing homogeneity is the poorest,
Impact flexibility and processability are the poorest, therefore consider above reason, control its content 8.5～11.0%.
Mn: add usually used as deoxidizer in mould steel, content general control is 0.20～0.40%.
Si: add as deoxidant element, content general control is 0.20～0.40%.But Si also has solid solution
Invigoration effect, meanwhile, Si can also refine the carbide of tempering precipitation and then improve impact flexibility.Accordingly, it is considered to
To utilizing the benefit of Si, design Si content is 0.50～1.50%.
P:P forms microsegregation when solidification of molten steel, and when austenitizing temperature heats, segregation, at crystal boundary, makes subsequently
The fragility of steel significantly increases.Control the content of P below 0.030%, and content is the lowest more good.
S: inevitably impurity, forms FeS, carrys out red brittleness to steel band.Control S content below 0.030%,
And content is the lowest more good.
V: vanadium and carbon, nitrogen have extremely strong affinity, form the most stable carbide therewith, main in steel
Exist with the form of carbide.The fusing point of VC is 2830 DEG C.Therefore, even if adding under higher austenitizing temperature
Hot VC also can stop crystal grain to be grown up effectively, increases the wearability of steel simultaneously.Vanadium and tungsten, molybdenum is the same dissolves in matrix
Can improve the self-diffuse activation energy of α-Fe, additionally its segregation is formed about air mass at dislocation line, produces with dislocation and hands over
Interaction stops the sliding of dislocation and rearranging of the network of dislocation to form born of the same parents' shape substructure, adds martensite
Recovery and recrystallization drag, increases temper resistance.Vanadium is also important post-curing element, when addition is more than 0.5%
Time, also can be produced post-curing effect by the precipitation of VC, and increase the oriented height of post-curing peak temperature with vanadium amount
The trend of temperature passage, hardening strength improves, and overaging speed is the most relatively low.Present invention primarily contemplates and utilize V and C, N
Form high melting-point, the carbide V (C, N) of high rigidity, during steel Quench heating, hinder growing up of austenite crystal,
Crystal grain thinning, increases wearability simultaneously.But V content is too many not only easily produces stable eutectic carbide granule,
The most also can comprehensive C and N, thus affect the solution hardening effect of C and N.Therefore, by V content in steel of the present invention
Control is 0.10～0.8%.
N: nitrogen-atoms radius the least (0.07nm), much like with carbon, steel is both gap solid solution element, therefore
A lot of performances are similar to carbon.In steel, solution hardening is one of maximally effective hardening mode, uses the solution strengthening of nitrogen
Effect, augments the effectiveness of a part of carbon, it is possible to dramatically increase hardness and the wearability of steel.Add in steel of the present invention
Appropriate N, controls its content 0.1～1.5%.
B: boron is also gap solid solution element, can partly replace carbon, beneficially post-curing in mould steel.Suitable
Amount B adds hardness and the heat stability that can also improve as cast condition steel, and trace B has the effect of refined cast structure.Profit
By the composite hardening thinking of C-N-B, fully obtain the characteristic of the hard high-wearing feature of steel.In high-speed steel, boron surpasses
After 0.25% time, can seriously lower the malleability of steel, increase the fragility of steel.Therefore, the addition of boron needs strict control
System.In steel of the present invention, the content of B controls is 0～1.5%.
The preparation method that present invention employing is similar to prior art:
Steel of the present invention can use electric arc furnace, induction furnace to smelt, and molten steel casting becomes steel ingot, can carry out electroslag as required
Remelting, forged become a useful person or is rolled into rod, wire rod, band steel etc. after cogging.
The advantage that the present invention compared with prior art has hard high-wearing feature.Compared with existing mold steel, this
Bright steel, on the basis of having the distribution of good eutectic carbide, has higher hardness, and higher wearability can
Better meet user's request.
Steel of the present invention, compared with existing Cr12MoV cold work die steel, optimizes Cr content further, makes material have
Eutectic carbide is not deteriorated on the premise of high rigidity.Reasonably control C/Cr ratio, effectively eutectic carbide is carried out
Control, use C-N-B composite hardening to improve hardness and wearability, do not deteriorate eutectic carbide simultaneously.Use relatively
High-load Si alloying, increases hardness and wearability.
Steel of the present invention has ratio Cr12MoV cold work die steel more preferably hardness and wearability, and eutectic carbide is also simultaneously
Do not deteriorate.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the Microstructures of Eutectic Carbides of embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the Microstructures of Eutectic Carbides of embodiment 2.
Fig. 3 is the Microstructures of Eutectic Carbides of embodiment 3.
Fig. 4 is the Microstructures of Eutectic Carbides of embodiment 4.
Fig. 5 is the Microstructures of Eutectic Carbides of comparative example.
Detailed description of the invention
Chemical composition ranges designed according to this invention, has smelted 4 stove steel of the present invention on 25kg vaccum sensitive stove,
Its specific chemical composition is as shown in table 1.Molten steel casting becomes ingot, and forged makes φ 20mm bar.Steel annealing
After, it is processed into sample, through quenching, temper (940～1100 DEG C of quenchings, 150～300 DEG C of tempering), its room temperature
Mechanical property is shown in Table 2～4.
Steel of the present invention has on the premise of keeping high rigidity, has more preferable toughness.
1. invention steel 1#, 2#, 3#, 4# have lower cost than compared steel.(being shown in Table 1)
2. invention steel 1#, 2#, 3#, 4# have higher quenching peak hardness than compared steel.(being shown in Table 2)
3. quench at respective quenching hardness peak temperature, after different temperatures tempering, invention steel 1#, 2#, 3#, 4#
Have more higher tempering hardness than compared steel.(being shown in Table 3)
4. quenching at respective quenching hardness peak temperature, after different temperatures tempering, invention steel 1#, 2#, 3# have ratio
The more preferable wearability of compared steel Cr12MoV steel, it is possible to better meet the long-life requirement of mould steel.(being shown in Table 4)
5. invention steel 1#, 2#, 3#, 4# have the eutectic carbide disposing tissues suitable with compared steel distributing homogeneity.
(see Fig. 1-Fig. 5)
Table 1 embodiment and the chemical composition of compared steel, weight %
The hardness number that table 2 embodiment quenches with compared steel different temperatures
The hardness number that table 3 embodiment is tempered with compared steel
Illustrate:
(1) heat treatment is carried out in chamber type electric resistance furnace, quenching and preserving heat 30min, and oil is cold.
(2) different temperatures is tempered 1 time, is incubated 2 hours.
(3) hardening heat of 1#～4# steel is 980 DEG C, and the hardening heat of 5# steel is 1020 DEG C.
Table 4 embodiment is worth with the weightless of compared steel abrasive wear
Illustrate:
(1) heat treatment is carried out in chamber type electric resistance furnace, quenching and preserving heat 30min, and oil is cold.
(2) different temperatures is tempered 1 time, is incubated 2 hours.
(3) hardening heat of 1#～4# steel is 980 DEG C, and the hardening heat of 5# steel is 1020 DEG C.
(4) abrasive material is 180#SiC waterproof abrasive paper, load 1.5kg.
Claims (1)
1. a C-N-B composite hardening high wear-resisting cold process mould steel, it is characterised in that the change of this steel
Component weight percentages is: C:1.5～1.9%, Si:0.5～1.5%, S :≤0.030%, P:
≤ 0.030%, Mn :≤0.5%, Cr:8.5～11.0%, V:0.1～0.8%, N:0.05～0.15%,
B:0～0.1%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity；
The total content span of control of C-N-B is 1.55 ＜ C+N+B ＜ 2.15.
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| CN107365948A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2017-11-21 | 苏州浩焱精密模具有限公司 | A kind of cold working die steel material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112375984B (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2021-09-03 | 江苏省无锡交通高等职业技术学校 | High-plasticity steel for needle valve body of ultrahigh-pressure common-rail fuel injection system of diesel engine |
| CN110835670B (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-02-23 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | High-wear-resistance high-hardness easy-cutting high-end mirror surface plastic die steel and preparation method thereof |
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| JPS59166657A (en) * | 1983-03-11 | 1984-09-20 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Steel for mold for forging low alloyed system |
| JPH116043A (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 1999-01-12 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Steel for glass forming die |
| JP2006193790A (en) * | 2005-01-14 | 2006-07-27 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Cold working tool steel |
| CN103305764B (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2015-11-18 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | Cold-work die round steel and manufacture method thereof |
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