CN102232328B - Method for improving saline-alkali soil and planting method for saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for improving saline-alkali soil and planting method for saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN102232328B CN102232328B CN201010165058.3A CN201010165058A CN102232328B CN 102232328 B CN102232328 B CN 102232328B CN 201010165058 A CN201010165058 A CN 201010165058A CN 102232328 B CN102232328 B CN 102232328B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C14/00—Methods or apparatus for planting not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil. The method comprises the following steps of: removing topsoil of the saline-alkali soil, setting an air-permeable anti-seepage aggregate layer on the saline-alkali soil of which the topsoil is removed, and setting a planting soil layer on the air-permeable anti-seepage aggregate layer. The invention also provides a planting method for the saline-alkali soil. The method comprises the following step of: planting plants and/or plant seeds in improved saline-alkali soil, wherein the improved saline-alkali soil is treated by the method for improving the saline-alkali soil. The method for improving the saline-alkali soil and the planting method for the saline-alkali soil can effectively prevent the planting soil layer of the surface layer from being salinized, so that the planting soil layer is suitable for plantation for a long time; moreover, by the method for improving the saline-alkali soil, a large amount of fresh water resources are not needed for washing, so that the water consumption is effectively reduced and the using range of the method is expanded.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method in saline land and implantation methods in saline land improved.
Background technology
At present, both at home and abroad the processing method in saline land is generally comprised salt discharge method and presses salt method etc., but they all exist many weak points, for example, salt discharge method is to make the salt content on surface, saline land reduce by using a large amount of fresh water to rinse for a long time saline land, pressing salt method is to utilize natural precipitation or artificial flood to irrigate, and impels infiltration downwards such as part saline and alkaline hole, crack etc. along soil, takes the salinity of topsoil to bottom with water.Although said method can make the salt content on top layer, saline land reduce, and can not keep permanent, and needs a large amount of water sources.
Therefore, need urgently to develop a kind of water consumption little and can improve long-term effectively the method in saline land and the implantation methods in saline land.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the large and effect of water consumption that the implantation methods in method in order to overcome existing improvement saline land and saline land exists and keep impermanent shortcoming, provide a kind of water consumption little and can improve long-term effectively the method in saline land and the implantation methods in saline land.
The invention provides a kind of method that improves saline land, wherein, the method comprises: saline land topsoil is got rid of, gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer is set on the saline land of having removed topsoil, on described gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer, plantation soil layer is set.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of implantation methods of saline land, and wherein, the method comprises: plant and/or plant seed are planted in the saline land after improvement, and wherein, the improvement method in described saline land is method provided by the invention.
The method in improvement provided by the invention saline land and the implantation methods in saline land can prevent that top layer plantation soil layer is by salination effectively, thereby making to plant soil layer can be suitable for planting muchly, and method provided by the invention is rinsed without a large amount of freshwater resources, thereby effectively reduce water consumption and expanded the scope of application of the method.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of method that improves saline land, wherein, the method comprises: saline land topsoil is got rid of, gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer is set on the saline land of having removed topsoil, on described gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer, plantation soil layer is set.
According to the present invention, gas permeability and the seepage coefficient of described gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer can in very large range change, as long as can prevent plantation soil layer on gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer by salination and there is certain gas permeability to meet the plant growth in plantation soil layer, under preferable case, the air permeability of described gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer can be 10-100, and described air permeability k is the parameter that reflection material sees through gas ability.Air capacity Q by definite shape sample (centimetre
3) with duration of ventilation (minute), the sectional area F of pressure differential P (centimeter water column is high) before and after sample, sample (centimetre
2) be directly proportional, with specimen height h (centimetre) be inversely proportional to.
In formula: K---air permeability (centimetre
3cm
2centimeter water column minute)
Q---gas permeation amount (centimetre
3)
F---sample sectional area (centimetre
2)
H---specimen height (centimetre)
P---pressure differential (centimeter water column)
T---the time (minute)
Described seepage coefficient can be 10
-4-10
-7cel, described seepage coefficient is in Darcy's law, to represent water at normal temperature the measuring of penetration (cel, cm/s) in material
According to the present invention; the described gas permeability antiseepage aggregate that forms described gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer contains aggregate main body and is positioned at the hydrophobic resin film in aggregate main body; described aggregate main body can be one or more in quartz sand, slag, haydite or glass microballoon; the size of described aggregate main body can in very large range change; under preferable case; the mean particle diameter of described aggregate main body can be 20-3500 micron, more preferably 100-1000 micron.
In described gas permeability antiseepage aggregate, the amount that is positioned at the described hydrophobic resin film in aggregate main body can in very large range change, under preferable case, taking the gross weight of described gas permeability antiseepage aggregate as benchmark, the content of described aggregate main body can be 90-99 % by weight, and the content of described hydrophobic resin film can be 1-10 % by weight.
According to the present invention, the material of described hydrophobic resin film can be one or more in hydrophobicity epoxy resin, hydrophobicity phenolic resins, hydrophobic polyurethane resin and hydrophobicity silicones.Described hydrophobicity epoxy resin, hydrophobicity phenolic resins, the kind of hydrophobic polyurethane and hydrophobicity silicones is conventionally known to one of skill in the art, for example, described hydrophobicity epoxy resin can be glycidol ether based epoxy resin, ethylene oxidic ester based epoxy resin, glycidol amine epoxy resin, line style aliphatic category epoxy resin, alicyclic based epoxy resin, polysulfide-rubber-modified epoxy, polyamide modified epoxy, the tertiary butyraldehyde modified epoxy of polyvinyl alcohol, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber modified epoxy resin, phenolic resin modified epoxy resin, mylar modified epoxy, urine aldehyde melmac modified epoxy, furfural resin modified epoxy, vinyl modified epoxy, one or more in isocyanate modified epoxy resin and silicones modified epoxy.
For example, described hydrophobicity phenolic resins can be one or more in dimethylbenzene phenol-formaldehyde resin modified, epoxy resin modification phenolic resins and Effect of Organosilicon-modified Phenol-formaldehyde Resin.
In addition,, under preferable case, described hydrophobic resin film can also contain curing agent, the content of described curing agent can in very large range change, under preferable case, taking the gross weight of described hydrophobic resin film as benchmark, the content of described curing agent is 20-25 % by weight.
In the present invention, the kind of described curing agent has no particular limits, and forms hydrophobic resin film as long as can make in described aggregate main body.For example, described curing agent can be hexamethylenetetramine, dibutyl tin dilaurate, N, N, N ', one or more in N '-tetramethyl guanidinesalt, ketone peroxide, cobalt naphthenate, peroxidized t-butyl perbenzoate, peroxy dicarbonate, dialkyl peroxide, the tertiary own ester of peroxidation acid and the addition product of bis peroxy dicarbonate, toluene di-isocyanate(TDI) (TDI) and trimethylolpropane (TMP) and the tripolymer of toluene di-isocyanate(TDI) (TDI).
According to of the present invention one preferred embodiment, when use in dimethylbenzene phenol-formaldehyde resin modified, epoxy resin modification phenolic resins and Effect of Organosilicon-modified Phenol-formaldehyde Resin one or more materials as hydrophobic resin film time, preferably use hexamethylenetetramine as curing agent.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the time using hydrophobicity organic siliconresin as the material of hydrophobic resin film, preferably use the addition product of toluene di-isocyanate(TDI) (TDI) and trimethylolpropane (TMP) and/or the tripolymer of toluene di-isocyanate(TDI) (TDI) as curing agent.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the time using hydrophobic polyurethane resin as the material of hydrophobic resin film, when the curing agent adding is at normal temperatures preferably ketone peroxide and/or cobalt naphthenate, the curing agent adding under heated condition is preferably one or more in peroxidized t-butyl perbenzoate, peroxy dicarbonate, dialkyl peroxide, the tertiary own ester of peroxidation acid and bis peroxy dicarbonate.
The breathable waterproof aggregate that meets above-mentioned requirements can be commercially available, for example, and the breathable waterproof sand that Beijing Huichuang Technology Group Co., Ltd produces, STS-303.
Under preferable case, method of the present invention can also comprise: before gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer is set, the soil layer of getting rid of after the topsoil of saline land is flattened to processing.
According to the present invention, the degree of depth of the saline land topsoil of getting rid of can be according to the plant that will plant and in very large range change, under preferable case, described in the degree of depth of the saline land topsoil got rid of can be for being 20-100 centimetre, more preferably 40-60 centimetre.
The thickness of described gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer has no particular limits, as long as can prevent plantation soil layer on gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer by salination and there is certain gas permeability to meet the plant growth in plantation soil layer, under preferable case, the thickness of described gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer can be for being 1-10 centimetre, more preferably 3-5 centimetre.
Described plantation the thickness of the layer can in very large range change according to the plant that will plant, and under preferable case, described plantation the thickness of the layer can be 20-100 centimetre, more preferably 40-60 centimetre.
The present invention also provides a kind of implantation methods of saline land, and wherein, the method comprises: plant and/or plant seed are planted in the saline land after improvement, and wherein, the improvement method in described saline land is method provided by the invention.
The method of described serike and/or plant seed is conventionally known to one of skill in the art, can be according to the species that will plant, and select the agricultural planting mode of various routines.Described plant can be one or more in cereal crops, vegetable crop, forest, fruit tree, ornamental plants and careless class, for example, can be shallot, eggplant, spinach, Chinese cabbage, radish, capsicum, cherry tomato etc., described plant seed can be the propagating materials of above-mentioned plant.
Below by following examples, the present invention is described in more details.
Embodiment 1
Filling saline-alkali soil in flowerpot (diameter is 40 centimetres, and height is 90 centimetres), to simulate saline land.
Saline land topsoil (degree of depth is 18 centimetres) is got rid of, on the saline land of having removed topsoil, laying depth is the ventilation anti-seepage sand (Beijing Huichuang Technology Group Co., Ltd of 2 centimetres, STS-303) form gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer, on described gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer, laying depth is the plantation soil layer of 16 centimetres.
Embodiment 2
Filling saline-alkali soil in flowerpot (diameter is 40 centimetres, and height is 90 centimetres), to simulate saline land.
Saline land topsoil (degree of depth is 40 centimetres) is got rid of, the soil layer of removing after topsoil is carried out to smooth processing, on soil layer after leveling, laying depth is the ventilation anti-seepage sand (Beijing Huichuang Technology Group Co., Ltd of 3 centimetres, STS-303) form gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer, on described gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer, laying depth is the plantation soil layer of 37 centimetres.
Embodiment 3
Filling saline-alkali soil in flowerpot (diameter is 40 centimetres, and height is 90 centimetres), to simulate saline land.
Saline land topsoil (degree of depth is 50 centimetres) is got rid of, the soil layer of removing after topsoil is carried out to smooth processing, on soil layer after leveling, laying depth is the ventilation anti-seepage sand (Beijing Huichuang Technology Group Co., Ltd of 4 centimetres, STS-303) form gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer, on described gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer, laying depth is the plantation soil layer of 46 centimetres.
Embodiment 4
Filling saline-alkali soil in flowerpot (diameter is 40 centimetres, and height is 90 centimetres), to simulate saline land.
Saline land topsoil (degree of depth is 45 centimetres) is got rid of, the soil layer of removing after topsoil is carried out to smooth processing, on soil layer after leveling, laying depth is the ventilation anti-seepage sand (Beijing Huichuang Technology Group Co., Ltd of 8 centimetres, STS-303) form gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer, on described gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer, laying depth is the plantation soil layer of 37 centimetres.
Embodiment 5
Filling saline-alkali soil in flowerpot (diameter is 40 centimetres, and height is 90 centimetres), to simulate saline land.
Saline land topsoil (degree of depth is 30 centimetres) is got rid of, the soil layer of removing after topsoil is carried out to smooth processing, on soil layer after leveling, laying depth is the ventilation anti-seepage sand (Beijing Huichuang Technology Group Co., Ltd of 5 centimetres, STS-303) form gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer, on described gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer, laying depth is the plantation soil layer of 25 centimetres.
Embodiment 6-10
By outflow test in STZ direct reading permmeter and column lucite tube, detect air permeability and the seepage coefficient of the gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer of laying in embodiment 1-5, result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | |
| Air permeability | 60 | 40 | 30 | 24 | 20 |
| Seepage coefficient (cm/s) | 6×10 -5 | 3×10 -5 | 1×10 -5 | 6×10 -6 | 2×10 -6 |
Embodiment 15-20
On saline land after improvement in embodiment 1-5, transplant shallot, and also transplant same plant in the normal planting soil identical with the planting soil adding in embodiment 1-5, in contrast.
After latter 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, observe respectively the plant height of transplanting shallot in transplanting, result is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
| Embodiment 1 (cm) | Embodiment 2 (cm) | Embodiment 3 (cm) | Embodiment 4 (cm) | Embodiment 5 (cm) | Normal planting soil (cm) | |
| When transplanting | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| January | 14 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 |
| February | 25 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 |
| March | 37 | 37 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 39 |
Embodiment 16-20
Upper seeding wheel point green pepper seed (Bei Jing Green east, saline land agrotechnique research institute after improvement in embodiment 1-5, sharp green pepper trump), and also sow same plant seed in normal planting soil, in contrast.
After latter 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, observe respectively the plant height of sharp green pepper in plantation and after 6 months, on individual plant point green pepper, tie the quantity contrast of sharp green pepper, result is respectively in shown in table 3, table 4.
Table 3
| Embodiment 1 (cm) | Embodiment 2 (cm) | Embodiment 3 (cm) | Embodiment 4 (cm) | Embodiment 5 (cm) | Normal planting soil (cm) | |
| January | 4.7 | 4.8 | 5 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 |
| February | 28 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29.2 | 29 |
| March | 49 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 50 | 51 |
Table 4
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | Normal planting soil | |
| Point green pepper number | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 10 |
Data from table 2, table 3 and table 4 can be found out, cultivating and sowing through on the saline-alkali soil of method improvement of the present invention, the growth of Plants and Seeds is consistent with the growth on normal cultivating soil, method and implantation methods that improvement provided by the invention saline land is described can prevent that top layer plantation soil layer is by salination effectively, thereby making to plant soil layer can be suitable for planting muchly, and method provided by the invention is rinsed without a large amount of freshwater resources, thereby effectively reduce water consumption and expanded the scope of application of the method.
Claims (6)
1. improve the method in saline land for one kind, wherein, the method comprises: saline land topsoil is got rid of, gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer is set on the saline land of having removed topsoil, on described gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer, plantation soil layer is set, the degree of depth of the saline land topsoil of getting rid of is 40-60 centimetre, and the thickness of described gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer is 3-5 centimetre, and described plantation the thickness of the layer is 40-60 centimetre; The air permeability of described gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer is 10-100, and seepage coefficient is 10
-4-10
-7cel; Described gas permeability antiseepage aggregate contains aggregate main body and is positioned at the hydrophobic resin film in aggregate main body; described aggregate main body is one or more in quartz sand, slag, haydite or glass microballoon, and the material of described hydrophobic resin film is one or more in hydrophobicity epoxy resin, hydrophobicity phenolic resins, hydrophobic polyurethane resin and hydrophobicity silicones.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, the mean particle diameter of described aggregate main body is 20-3500 micron.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein, taking the gross weight of described gas permeability antiseepage aggregate as benchmark, the content of described aggregate main body is 90-99 % by weight, the content of described hydrophobic resin film is 1-10 % by weight.
4. method according to claim 1, wherein, described hydrophobic resin film also contains curing agent, and taking the gross weight of described hydrophobic resin film as benchmark, the content of described curing agent is 20-25 % by weight.
5. method according to claim 1, wherein, the method also comprises: before gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer is set, the soil layer of getting rid of after the topsoil of saline land is flattened to processing.
6. the implantation methods in saline land, wherein, the method comprises: plant and/or plant seed are planted in the saline land after improvement, and wherein, the improvement method in described saline land is the method described in any one in claim 1-5.
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| CN201010165058.3A CN102232328B (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2010-04-30 | Method for improving saline-alkali soil and planting method for saline-alkali soil |
| PCT/CN2011/073512 WO2011134423A1 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2011-04-29 | Salina land improving method and planting method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010165058.3A CN102232328B (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2010-04-30 | Method for improving saline-alkali soil and planting method for saline-alkali soil |
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| CN102232328B true CN102232328B (en) | 2014-06-04 |
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| CN103098641B (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2014-02-19 | 江苏海景园林发展有限公司 | Planting method of saline-alkali land greening |
| CN103392456B (en) * | 2013-03-20 | 2016-03-02 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of method of afforesting on saline land |
| CN103371072B (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2015-07-15 | 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 | Plant planting system for saline-alkaline soil |
| CN104449755B (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2018-09-07 | 潘宁 | A kind of hydrophobicity sand and preparation method thereof |
| CN104521526A (en) * | 2015-01-05 | 2015-04-22 | 浙江广川工程咨询有限公司 | River band plant planting method for newly-formed coastal land areas |
| CN105409537A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-03-23 | 临沂市农业科学院 | High-yield seeding method for peanuts in hilly and mountainous lands |
| CN106034901A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-10-26 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Citric acid containing impervious material and method for planting fig trees in saline-alkaline land by using impervious material |
| CN106035019A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-10-26 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | White carbon black containing impervious material and method for planting Rosa chinensis in saline-alkaline land by using impervious material |
| CN108496454A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-09-07 | 长沙小新新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods for the method and salt-soda soil improveing salt-soda soil |
| CN111972070A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-11-24 | 骆嘉成 | Method for treating soil salinization of coastal region by utilizing engineering muck |
| CN112075154A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-12-15 | 浙江绿农生态环境有限公司 | Method for restoring saline-alkali soil into field |
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| CN102232328A (en) | 2011-11-09 |
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