CN102227249A - 吸附成形体、吸附回收处理装置及被吸附物质脱离方法 - Google Patents

吸附成形体、吸附回收处理装置及被吸附物质脱离方法 Download PDF

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CN102227249A
CN102227249A CN2009801476099A CN200980147609A CN102227249A CN 102227249 A CN102227249 A CN 102227249A CN 2009801476099 A CN2009801476099 A CN 2009801476099A CN 200980147609 A CN200980147609 A CN 200980147609A CN 102227249 A CN102227249 A CN 102227249A
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山下公成
乌鹰幸弘
齐藤亚衣子
长野义信
龟谷桂一郎
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Daikin Industries Ltd
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Abstract

本发明的课题在于提供一种吸附成形体，所述吸附成形体在通电加热方式的吸附回收处理装置中防止吸附回收处理装置的大型化和每单位体积的吸附量的降低，同时不需要接触电阻小的特殊的电极，而且，在电磁波加热方式的吸附回收处理装置中不产生局部加热和火花放电。本发明的吸附成形体是一种作为通电加热或电磁波加热的对象的吸附成形体，其具有导电性粉体状吸附剂、绝缘性粉体状吸附剂和无机粘结剂。无机粘结剂使粉体状吸附剂彼此结合，即，使上述两种类的粉体状吸附剂结合。需要说明的是，这样的吸附成形体通过在导电性粉体状吸附剂中混合绝缘性粉体状吸附剂和无机粘结剂后，成形、干燥其混合物，进一步根据需要烧制而得到。

Description

吸附成形体、吸附回收处理装置及被吸附物质脱离方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种吸附成形体(例如，蜂窝状物、发泡体、粒状成形体等)，所述吸附成形体适合于通电加热和微波加热。另外，本发明涉及利用上述吸附成形体的吸附回收处理装置。另外，本发明涉及使已吸附于上述吸附成形体的被吸附物质从吸附成形体脱离的方法。
背景技术
在含有有机溶剂等挥发性有机化合物(下文中称作“VOC”)的气体的吸附回收处理装置中，使VOC从吸附剂脱离使吸附剂再生的时候，通常采用通过水蒸气加热吸附剂的方法(以下称作“水蒸气加热方法”)(例如，参照专利文献1(日本特开2007-326765号公报))。但是，在水蒸气加热方法中，在吸附剂再生时，与为使VOC从吸附剂脱离所需要的热能量相比，将吸附剂加热至为使VOC从吸附剂脱离所需温度而消耗的热能量明显大得多。因此，在水蒸气加热方法中，需要VOC的5～10倍的大量的水蒸气，在吸附剂再生时，VOC与大量的冷凝水一同被回收。而且，因为该冷凝水含有VOC所以不能直接排水。因此，在水蒸气加热方式的吸附回收处理装置中，必然地需要排水处理装置。因此，水蒸气加热方式的吸附回收处理装置需要庞大的设备费和维持费。
为解决这样的水蒸气加热方法的问题，不使用水蒸气加热吸附剂的方法，特别是，使电流通过吸附剂时利用电阻直接加热吸附剂的方法(以下称作“通电加热方法”)和通过向吸附剂照射微波直接加热吸附剂的方法(以下称作“电磁波加热方法”)受到注目。
需要说明的是，在通电加热方式的吸附回收处理装置中，作为其通电加热对象的吸附剂在大部分的情况下采用纤维状活性炭(例如，参照专利文献2(日本特开2002-224562号公报))。但是，纤维状活性炭堆积密度小，为0.05g/cm3。因此，与粉体状活性炭相比，纤维状活性炭每单位体积的吸附量小。因此，在通电加热方式的吸附回收处理装置中，采用纤维状活性炭作为吸附剂的情况下，不得不使该吸附回收处理装置大型化。
与此相对，活性炭蜂窝成形体(例如，参照专利文献3(日本特开平5-31322号公报))堆积密度比较大，为0.25g/cm3，与纤维状活性炭相比每单位体积的吸附量也多。因此，与采用纤维状活性炭作为吸附剂的情况相比，采用活性炭蜂窝成形体作为吸附剂的吸附回收处理装置变小。但是，活性炭是良导体，电阻小。因此，在活性炭的密度变高的活性炭蜂窝成形体中，电阻变得非常小。因此，为了对活性炭蜂窝成形体进行通电加热，需要充分地减小电极和活性炭蜂窝成形体之间的接触电阻。但实情是，这样的电极的形成非常困难。
另外，粒状活性炭堆积密度比较大，为0.5g/cm3，但粒状活性炭之间的接触状态不稳定因此难以进行稳定的通电加热。
另外，在吸附回收处理装置中，若在吸附剂再生时通过电磁波加热方法加热活性炭蜂窝成形体和粒状活性炭，则因为活性炭的介电常数大，所以容易产生局部加热。另外，粒状活性炭因为其接触状态不稳定，所以若实施电磁波加热则容易产生火花放电。因此，不得不排除通过电磁波加热方法加热活性炭蜂窝成形体和粒状活性炭。
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本发明的课题在于提供一种吸附成形体、吸附回收处理装置和被吸附物质脱离方法，所述吸附成形体可以防止在通电加热方式的吸附回收处理装置中吸附回收处理装置的大型化和每单位体积的吸附量的降低，同时不需要接触电阻小的特殊的电极，而且，在电磁波加热方式的吸附回收处理装置中可以防止产生局部加热和火花放电。
用于解决问题的手段
第1发明的吸附成形体是作为通电加热或电磁波加热的对象的吸附成形体，其含有导电性粉体状吸附剂、绝缘性粉体状吸附剂和无机粘结剂。需要说明的是，在这里所说的“吸附成形体”是，例如蜂窝成形体和发泡成形体(多孔质成形体)、粒状成形体等。另外，在这里所说的“导电性粉体状吸附剂”是，例如活性炭粉末等。另外，在这里所说的“绝缘性粉体状吸附剂”是，例如沸石、硅胶、活性氧化铝等粉末。无机粘结剂使上述粉体状吸附剂彼此结合，即，使上述2种类的粉体状吸附剂的混合物中的粉体状吸附剂彼此结合。需要说明的是，在这里所说的“无机粘结剂”是，例如胶态二氧化硅和胶态氧化铝、玻璃粉、水玻璃、海泡石等。
需要说明的是，这样的吸附成形体通过在导电性粉体状吸附剂中混合绝缘性粉体状吸附剂和无机粘结剂后，成形、干燥其混合物，进一步根据需要烧制(500℃以下)而得到。
第2发明的吸附成形体为第1发明的吸附成形体，该吸附成形体呈蜂窝形状。
第3发明的吸附成形体为第1发明的吸附成形体，该吸附成形体为发泡体。
第4发明的吸附成形体为第1发明的吸附成形体，该吸附成形体呈粒状。
第5发明的吸附回收处理装置具备第1发明～第3发明的任一项所涉及的吸附成形体和通电加热单元。通电加热单元对吸附成形体进行通电加热。
第6发明的吸附回收处理装置具备吸附成形体和电磁波加热单元。吸附成形体为第1发明～第4发明的任一项所涉及的吸附成形体。电磁波加热单元对吸附成形体进行电磁波加热。需要说明的是，在这里所说的“电磁波”是，例如微波等。在第7发明的被吸附物质脱附方法中，通过对第1发明～第3发明的任一项所涉及的吸附成形体进行通电加热，使吸已附于吸附成形体的被吸附物质从吸附成形体脱附。
在第8发明的被吸附物质脱附方法中，通过对第1发明～第4发明的任一项所涉及的吸附成形体进行电磁波加热，使已吸附于吸附成形体的被吸附物质从吸附成形体脱附。
发明效果
在本发明的吸附成形体中，含有导电性粉体状吸附剂和绝缘性粉体状吸附剂。因此，在该吸附成形体中，通过适宜变更导电性粉体状吸附剂和绝缘性粉体状吸附剂的混合比例，可根据情况维持吸附性能、或者可根据情况提高吸附性能，而不会显著损坏吸附性能，并且可以自由地控制电气的特性，例如导电性和介电性。因此，在通电加热方式的吸附回收处理装置中，如果采用该吸附成形体作为吸附剂，则可以防止吸附回收处理装置的大型化和每单位体积的吸附量的降低，同时不需要接触电阻小的特殊的电极。另外，在电磁波加热方式的吸附回收处理装置中，如果采用该吸附成形体作为吸附剂，则可以防止产生局部加热和火花放电。
另外，在吸附水蒸气以供给干燥空气等的除湿装置中，采用该吸附成形体作为吸附剂的情况下，因为可以简化吸附剂的再生系统，所以可以使除湿装置小型化。
具体实施方式
<吸附成形体>
作为本实施方式的吸附成形体，可以举出例如蜂窝状吸附成形体、粒状吸附成形体和吸附发泡成形体等。以下，对各成形体进行说明。
1.蜂窝状吸附成形体
(1)组成
本发明的实施方式的蜂窝状吸附成形体，主要由10～80重量％的活性炭粉末、10～80重量％的绝缘性吸附剂粉末(例如，沸石、硅胶、活性氧化铝等粉末的任意一种或它们的组合)、5～30重量％的粘结剂(胶态二氧化硅、胶态氧化铝、水玻璃、海泡石、环氧树脂等的任意一种或它们的组合)形成。需要说明的是，作为粘结剂，优选为胶态二氧化硅、胶态氧化铝、玻璃粉、水玻璃、海泡石等无机粘结剂。
需要说明的是，在将本实施方式的蜂窝状吸附成形体组装到通电加热方式的吸附回收处理装置中的情况下，优选的是，在使活性炭粉末的混合量多于绝缘性吸附剂粉末的混合量以确保适当的导电性的状态下调节电阻值；在将相同的蜂窝状吸附成形体组装到电磁波加热方式的吸附回收处理装置中的情况下，优选的是，使活性炭粉末的混合量少于绝缘性吸附剂粉末的混合量，以防止产生火花放电。
(2)吸附性能
本实施方式的蜂窝状吸附成形体的吸附性能可根据活性炭粉末和绝缘性吸附剂粉末各自的吸附能力和活性炭粉末和绝缘性吸附剂粉末的配合比例来容易地预测。
(3)制造方法
首先，混合活性炭粉末和绝缘性吸附剂粉末。接着，向该混合粉末中加入粘结剂和溶剂(例如，水和有机溶剂等)，混炼混合粉末、粘结剂和溶剂，制备混炼物。接下来，将该混炼物通过金属模具挤压成型为蜂窝状。其后，干燥该蜂窝状成形体。然后，若在炉内烧制处理干燥后的蜂窝状成形体就可以得到目标蜂窝状吸附成形体。需要说明的是，烧制时的烧制温度为550℃以下、优选为400℃以下。
2.粒状吸附成形体
(1)组成
与蜂窝状吸附成形体的组成相同。
(2)吸附性能
与蜂窝状吸附成形体的吸附性能同等。
(3)制造方法
将挤出成型替换为造粒成型，除此以外，与蜂窝状吸附成形体同样地制造。
3.吸附发泡成形体
(1)组成
与蜂窝状吸附成形体的组成相同。
(2)吸附性能
与蜂窝状吸附成形体的吸附性能同等。
(3)制造方法
首先，混合活性炭粉末和绝缘性吸附剂粉末。接着，向该混合粉末中加入粘结剂和溶剂(例如，水和有机溶剂等)，混炼混合粉末、粘结剂和溶剂，制备混炼物。接下来，在该混炼物中混合发泡聚苯乙烯等塑料珠，制备含有发泡珠的混炼物。然后，将含有发泡珠的混炼物成形为所期望的形状后，干燥该成形体。然后，将干燥后的成形体在炉内进行烧制处理，或者使用有机溶剂从该成形体抽出处理塑料珠，从而得到目标吸附发泡成形体。
<蜂窝状吸附成形体、吸附发泡成形体和粒状吸附成形体的用途>
本实施方式的蜂窝状吸附成形体、吸附发泡成形体和粒状吸附成形体可以搭载于公知或周知的通电加热方式的吸附回收处理装置和电磁波加热方式的吸附回收处理装置。需要说明的是，粒状吸附成形体可以以被充填到通气性好的容器等的状态供使用。
<蜂窝状吸附成形体、吸附发泡成形体和粒状吸附成形体的特征>
在本实施方式的吸附成形体中，含有活性炭粉末和绝缘性吸附剂粉末。因此，在该吸附成形体中，通过适宜变更活性炭粉末和绝缘性粉体状吸附剂的混合比例，可根据情况维持吸附性能、或者可根据情况提高吸附性能，而不会显著损坏吸附性能，并且可以自由地控制导电性和介电性。因此，在通电加热方式的吸附回收处理装置中，如果采用这些吸附成形体作为吸附剂，可以防止吸附回收处理装置的大型化和每单位体积的吸附量的降低，同时不需要调整于电极的接触电阻。另外，在电磁波加热方式的吸附回收处理装置中，如果采用这些吸附成形体作为吸附剂，可以防止产火花放电。
实施例1
首先，混合40重量％的活性炭粉末和40重量％的沸石粉末。接着，向该混合粉末中加入水和20重量％的无机粘结剂，混炼混合粉末、无机粘结剂和水，制备混炼物。接下来，将该混炼物通过金属模具挤压成型为蜂窝状。其后，干燥该蜂窝状成形体。然后，将干燥后的蜂窝状成形体在烧制炉内进行烧制处理，得到目标蜂窝状吸附成形体。
该蜂窝状吸附成形体的电阻值为110Ω。
需要说明的是，在该蜂窝状吸附成形体中，电阻值远远大于电极的接触电阻，因此可以进行通电加热。
(比较例1)
利用80重量％的活性炭粉末和20重量％的无机粘结剂，制作活性炭蜂窝成形体。
该活性炭蜂窝成形体的电阻值为1～2Ω。
需要说明的是，该蜂窝状活性炭成形体的电阻值与电极的接触电阻同等，因此通电加热困难。
工业实用性
本发明的吸附成形体通过适宜变更导电性粉体状吸附剂和绝缘性粉体状吸附剂的混合比例，可根据情况维持吸附性能、或者可根据情况提高吸附性能，而不会显著损坏吸附性能，并且可以自由地控制电气的特性，例如导电性和介电性，因此，例如作为通电加热方式的吸附回收处理装置和电磁波加热方式的吸附回收处理装置的吸附剂是非常有用的。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2007-326765号公报
专利文献2：日本特开2002-224562号公报
专利文献3：日本特开平5-31322号公报

Claims (8)

1.一种吸附成形体，其是通电加热或电磁波加热的对象，该吸附成形体含有：
导电性粉体状吸附剂；
绝缘性粉体状吸附剂；和
使上述粉体状吸附剂彼此结合的无机粘结剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的吸附成形体，其中，
该吸附成形体呈蜂窝形状。
3.如权利要求1所述的吸附成形体，其中，
该吸附成形体为发泡体。
4.如权利要求1所述的吸附成形体，其中，
该吸附成形体呈粒状。
5.一种吸附回收处理装置，其具备：
权利要求1～3的任一项所述的吸附成形体；和
对所述吸附成形体进行通电加热的通电加热单元。
6.一种吸附回收处理装置，其具备：
权利要求1～4的任一项所述的吸附成形体；和
对所述吸附成形体进行电磁波加热的电磁波加热单元。
7.一种被吸附物质脱离方法，其通过对权利要求1～3的任一项所述的吸附成形体进行通电加热，使已吸附于所述吸附成形体的被吸附物质从所述吸附成形体脱离。
8.一种被吸附物质脱离方法，其通过对权利要求1～4的任一项所述的吸附成形体进行电磁波加热，使已吸附于所述吸附成形体的被吸附物质从所述吸附成形体脱离。
CN2009801476099A 2008-11-28 2009-10-19 吸附成形体、吸附回收处理装置及被吸附物质脱离方法 Pending CN102227249A (zh)

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