CN102226274B - 一种金属接地网防腐镀层的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种金属接地网防腐镀层及其制备方法，以钢铁和铝合金为基体材料，采用化学镀方法制备铜锡复合镀层，通过调整溶液组成和施镀工艺参数来控制镀层厚度，其特征是：每升置换镀铜溶液中含：植酸铜25～100克、酒石酸10～20克、添加剂A0.5～5.0克、添加剂B10～30克；添加剂A为8-羟基喹啉、苯并三氮唑和硫脲中的至少一种；添加剂B由磺基水杨酸、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、糖精和聚乙二醇组成；每升置换镀铜溶液中含：硫酸亚锡25～50克、硫酸100～200克、柠檬酸20～30克、次亚磷酸钠20～45克。铜锡复合镀层的总厚度为40～50μm。本发明工艺简单、操作方便和节约能源，特别适合于焊接和复杂结构金属接地网的防腐处理。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电力系统金属结构防腐领域，特别涉及一种钢铁和铝合金接地网的防腐镀层的制备方法，具体涉及铜锡复合镀层的制备方法。
技术背景
近年来，随着我国电力容量的增大和电压等级的升高，经常发生因接地网腐蚀而引起的电力运行安全事故，交流接地网的腐蚀、烧毁和重建造成的直接经济损失是巨大的，大面积和长时间停电造成的间接损失也是难以估量的。为了保证电力系统的正常运行和安全，发电厂和变电站的电气设备都要做到可靠接地，接地网用金属包括钢铁、钢铁镀锌、铜包钢和纯铜等。钢铁接地网寿命很短，一般为1～3年，需要经常更换；钢铁镀锌网的耐蚀性能与镀锌层厚度有关，耐土壤腐蚀性能远不及耐大气腐蚀，土壤中有氯离子时尤为明显；纯铜接地网的寿命较长，纯铜不仅价格昂贵，而且容易产生氧化形成氧化亚铜和氧化铜等，接触电阻增大导致断路；铜包钢接地网的造价虽比纯铜材低，但是使用寿命比纯铜短。另外，目前大多数采用化学降阻剂来减小接地电阻，大多数化学降阻剂对接地网金属产生腐蚀，金属接地网的防腐蚀是目前电力接地系统的难题。
申请号为200510021757.X中国专利，采用热压方法将锌压覆到钢结构上代替热镀锌，目的是通过增加锌层的厚度来提高接地网的耐蚀性，不足之处是不适合结构复杂接地网和焊接或链接部位容易过早失效；申请号为200610009964.8中国专利公开了一种化学镀镍磷合金防腐接地装置，首先将接地网焊接成形，然后再化学镀镍磷合金，其不足之处是镍磷合金属于脆性镀层，装配过程中镀层容易剥离，镍价格为纯铜的3-4倍，价格昂贵；申请号为201010300354.X中国专利公开了一种铝合金接地极装置，其不足之处是不耐含氯离子土壤的腐蚀。
发明内容
本发明针对现有金属接地网制备技术的不足，提供一种工艺简单、操作方便和性能优异的金属接地网防腐镀层的制备方法。
本发明是通过以下方式实施的：
一种金属接地网防腐镀层的制备方法，以钢铁和铝合金为基体材料，首先根据不同接地装置(网)用金属结构进行下料和焊接等工序成形，然后采用除油、除锈、化学置换镀铜和化学镀锡等工序得到铜锡复合镀层防腐接地网，用于制作接地装置，不仅可以提高接地网的稳定性和持久性，而且可以改善散流效果。通过调整溶液组成和施镀工艺参数来控制镀层厚度，铜锡复合镀层的总厚度为40～50μm。每升置换镀铜溶液中含：植酸铜25～100克、酒石酸10～20克、添加剂A0.5～5.0克、添加剂B10～30克；添加剂A取决于基体材料的性质，为8-羟基喹啉、苯并三氮唑和硫脲中的至少一种；添加剂B由磺基水杨酸、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、糖精和聚乙二醇组成，十二烷基苯磺酸钠∶糖精∶磺基水杨酸∶聚乙二醇的质量分位为1∶20∶50∶200；置换镀铜工艺参数：pH为0.5～2.0，pH用硫酸和氢氧化钠调整，温度为室温～40℃，时间为0.5～1.0h；每升化学镀锡溶液中含：硫酸亚锡25～50克、硫酸100～200克、柠檬酸20～30克、次亚磷酸钠20～45克；化学镀锡工艺参数：pH为0.0～3.0，pH用硫酸和氢氧化钠调整，温度为室温～40℃，时间为3～4h。金属接地网防腐工艺流程为：基体材料→加工成形→除油→水洗→酸洗活化→水洗→置换镀铜→水洗→化学镀锡→水洗→干燥→金属防腐接地网。
本发明防腐金属接地网的优点在于：
采用复合镀层技术将高导电性能的铜镀层和优异抗氧化性能的锡镀层有机地将结合为一体，采用预镀铜层打底以提高镀层与基体材料的结合强度，同时利用铜的高耐蚀性能提高接地网的防腐性能和散流性能；采用镀锡加厚镀层，不仅可以有效防止铜镀层的氧化，而且可以提高接地网的耐蚀性能和延长接地网使用寿命；化学镀锡和置换镀铜都在酸性条件下进行，基体、铜层和锡层表面不产生氧化膜，使三种金属之间形成冶金结合，提高各镀层之间的结合强度。本发明工艺简单、操作方便和节约能源，特别适合于不同结构，特别是焊机接地网和复杂后结构接地复杂接地网的防腐处理。
具体实施方式
下面给出本发明的四个最佳实施例：
实施例1
以普通碳钢为基体材料，首先根据接地装置的具体结构下料和焊接成形，然后经过表面除油、酸洗活化、置换镀铜和化学镀锡等工序得到金属防腐接地网。每升置换镀铜溶液中含：植酸铜50克、酒石酸15克、添加剂A4.0克、添加剂B30克，添加剂A由苯并三氮唑和硫脲中组成；置换镀铜工艺参数：pH为2.0，温度为40℃，时间为1.0h，镀铜层厚度为9～11μm。每升化学镀锡溶液中含：硫酸亚锡50克、硫酸200克、柠檬酸20克、次亚磷酸钠45；化学镀锡工艺参数：pH为0.5，温度为40℃，时间为3.0h，化学镀锡层厚度35～37μm，铜锡复合镀层总厚度为44～48μm；金属接地网防腐工艺流程为：基体材料→加工成形→除油→水洗→酸洗活化→水洗→置换镀铜→水洗→化学镀锡→水洗→干燥→金属防腐接地网。
实施例2
以铝合金为基体材料，首先根据接地装置的具体结构下料和焊接成形，然后经过表面除油、酸洗活化、置换镀铜和化学镀锡等工序得到金属防腐接地网。每升置换镀铜溶液中含：植酸铜25克、酒石酸10克、添加剂A0.5克、添加剂B10克，添加剂A为8-羟基喹啉；置换镀铜工艺参数：pH为2.0，温度为30℃，时间为0.75h，预镀铜层厚度7～8μm；每升化学镀锡溶液中含：硫酸亚锡28克、硫酸100克、柠檬酸25棵、次亚磷酸钠30克；化学镀锡工艺参数：pH为1.0，温度为30℃，时间为3.5h，化学镀锡层厚度38～40μm，铜锡复合镀层总厚度为45～48μm；其它同实施例1。
实施例3
以蜂窝状钢铁为基体材料，经过表面除油、酸洗活化、置换镀铜和化学镀锡等工序得到金属防腐接地网。每升置换镀铜溶液中含：植酸铜25克、酒石酸15克、添加剂A3.0克、添加剂B 10克，添加剂A由苯并三氮唑和硫脲中组成；置换镀铜工艺参数：pH为1.0，温度为30℃，时间为0.5h，预镀铜层厚度为5～7μm；每升化学镀锡溶液中含：硫酸亚锡50克、硫酸200克、柠檬酸20克、次亚磷酸钠45克；化学镀锡工艺参数：pH为1.5，温度为35℃，时间为4h，化学镀锡层厚度40～42μm，铜锡复合镀层总厚度为45～49μm；其它同实施例1。
实施例4
对于纯铜接地网也可以采用该方法进行防腐，只是省去置换镀铜工序。以纯铜材为基体材料，经过表面除油、酸洗活化和化学镀锡等工序得到金属防腐接地网。每升化学镀锡溶液中含：硫酸亚锡50克、硫酸200克、柠檬酸20克、次亚磷酸钠45克；化学镀锡工艺参数：pH为1.5，温度为30℃，时间为4h，化学镀锡层厚度40～42μm，其它同实施例1。
Claims (1)
1.一种金属接地网防腐镀层的制备方法，以钢铁或铝合金为基体材料，采用化学置换镀铜和化学镀锡方法制备铜锡复合镀层，通过调整溶液组成和施镀工艺参数来控制镀层厚度；其特征是：置换镀铜溶液组成：每升溶液含植酸铜25～100克、酒石酸10～20克、添加剂A 0.5～5.0克、添加剂B 10～30克；添加剂A为8-羟基喹啉、苯并三氮唑和硫脲中的至少一种；添加剂B由磺基水杨酸、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、糖精和聚乙二醇组成，各组分的质量比为：十二烷基苯磺酸钠∶糖精∶磺基水杨酸∶聚乙二醇为1∶20∶50∶200；化学镀锡溶液组成：每升溶液含硫酸亚锡25～50克、硫酸100～200克、柠檬酸20～30克、次亚磷酸钠20～45克；置换镀铜工艺参数：溶液pH为0.5～2.0，温度为室温～40℃，时间为0.5～1.0h；化学镀锡工艺参数：溶液pH为0.0～3.0，温度为室温～40℃，时间为3～4h；铜锡复合镀层的总厚度为40～50μm；金属接地网防腐工艺流程为：基体材料→加工成形→除油→水洗→酸洗活化→水洗→置换镀铜→水洗→化学镀锡→水洗→干燥→金属防腐接地网。
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