CN102197096B - 氟化双(酞菁铝氧基)甲硅烷基颜料 - Google Patents
氟化双(酞菁铝氧基)甲硅烷基颜料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102197096B CN102197096B CN200980143035.8A CN200980143035A CN102197096B CN 102197096 B CN102197096 B CN 102197096B CN 200980143035 A CN200980143035 A CN 200980143035A CN 102197096 B CN102197096 B CN 102197096B
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- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 title claims description 89
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 title abstract 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 fluorinated phthalocyanine aluminum halide compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
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- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- KCIKCCHXZMLVDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanediol Chemical compound O[SiH2]O KCIKCCHXZMLVDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001056 green pigment Substances 0.000 abstract 1
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- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical group N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
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- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
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- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical group [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- PTUUTGJMRQWABQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl(phenylsilyloxy)silane Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)O[SiH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 PTUUTGJMRQWABQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QQEKYCCJLSRLEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluorobenzene-1,2-dicarbonitrile Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(C#N)C(C#N)=C1 QQEKYCCJLSRLEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Natural products C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- OSXYHAQZDCICNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro(diphenyl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](Cl)(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 OSXYHAQZDCICNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OLLFKUHHDPMQFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy(diphenyl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](O)(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OLLFKUHHDPMQFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JTPNRXUCIXHOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloronaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(Cl)=CC=CC2=C1 JTPNRXUCIXHOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及双(铝酞菁)络合物,其中铝通过包含至少一个硅烷氧基(siloxyl)的基团桥连,并且各酞菁基均取代有至少4个氟原子。这种类型的双化合物可用作颜料。
背景技术
颜料是相对不溶且用来上色的固体材料。包括铝酞菁在内的金属酞菁是一类公知的颜料类别,并能够用于多种应用中。举例而言,金属酞菁已经用于喷墨制剂(包括US 6153000、US 6726755、美国申请第2006014855号、US 5679139、DE 19735738和US 6152999)、电子照相术(包括US 4701396)、滤色镜矩阵(包括美国申请第20080112068号和美国申请第20080112069号)、光电导成像(包括US 5441837)、光活化剂制剂(包括US 4548610)、光记录介质(包括EP 889097)、电泳显示(包括US 7382514和WO 2005047962)、磁泳或电磁泳显示(包括美国申请第20040030125号)和染料敏化太阳能电池(包括美国申请第2006070651号)。
US 4,311,775公开了与一个以上硅氧烷基桥连的双铝酞菁,并作为用于电子图像和光电图像处理的有效颜料。US 5,817,805公开了用于制备双(酞菁铝基)四苯基二硅氧烷(包括其中酞菁基可含有卤素基的那些)的合成方法。US 5773181公开了经氟和烷基取代的金属酞菁的混合物的制备,其中金属可以是铝或铜。
US 4,701,396公开了未桥连的钛氧基氟代酞菁。其它公开了氟化钛氧基酞菁的文献为US 6,949,139、US 5,614,342和US 20060204885。US 20040030125公开了包含桥连的双物质的甲硅烷基酞菁,其中酞菁基包含低分子量的氟化聚合部分。
US 20020117080公开了由铜酞菁和铝酞菁的混合物组成的颜料,其中酞菁基已随机地进行氯化或溴化。
氟化非金属酞菁或未桥连的金属酞菁还在下述文献中有所公开:Jones等,Inorg.Chem.,Vol 8,2018(1969);Keller等,J.Fluorine Chem.,13,73(1975);Peisert等,J.Appl.Physics,93(12),9683(2003);US 6,051,702;US 4,892,941;US 2,227,628和WO2005033110。用于制造通常用作酞菁基前体的氟化酞腈的方法包括US 4,209,458和WO1987007267。
虽然存在所有这些进展,但仍然需要发现符合下述条件的青色或蓝绿色颜料:该颜料具有改进的性质,特别是在有机溶剂中的分散性,同时保持良好的色调和环境稳定性(包括耐光性和抗臭氧降解性)。此外,还需要提供不涉及危险反应材料的制备方法。
发明内容
本发明提供如式(I)所示的氟化双(酞菁铝基)硅烷氧基颜料,其中至少4个氟原子直接连接至各个酞菁基上:
其中,
R1和R2独立地为经取代或未经取代的具有8个以下碳原子的烷基、烯基、炔基或环烷基或具有10个以下碳原子的芳基;
R3是二价连接基团,其包括氧、R1R2Si、经取代或未经取代的烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基或芳基;
R1、R2和R3可以包含环单元;
n是1~4;并且
z是1~4。
式(I)的颜料具有良好的青色或蓝绿色色调和环境稳定性(包括耐光性和抗臭氧降解性),并且在有机溶剂中具有优异的分散性。
附图说明
图1比较了基于比较例颜料和发明例颜料的水性墨水在涂布时的光谱。
图2和图3显示了在有机溶剂中形成的比较例纳米分散体和发明例纳米分散体的粒径分布。
具体实施方式
通常,颜料如上式(I)所示。氟在式(I)中两个独立酞菁单元之一中的取代模式可以相同或不同。R1和R2的烷基含有8个以下碳原子,并可以经取代或未经取代且分枝或未分枝。特别适合的烷基的实例是甲基、三氟甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基或环己基。特别适合的烯基的实例包括乙烯基和烯丙基。特别适合的炔基的实例包括乙炔基和炔丙基。特别适合的环烷基的实例包括环戊基和环己基。R1和R2的芳基含有10个以下碳原子,并可以经取代或未经取代。特别适合的芳基的实例包括苯基、甲苯基、2,4,6-三甲基苯基、五氟苯基和萘基。R1和R2可以相同或不同;例如,R1可以是烷基,特别是甲基,而R2可以是不同的烷基或是芳基。桥连基团R3可以含有氧、硅或碳等元素。当桥连基团含有硅元素时,所述硅最适合双取代有上述R1和R2。当桥连基团含有碳元素时,最适合的是R1和R2为如上的限定,并且可以包含8个以下经取代或未经取代的亚甲基。此外,R1、R2和R3可以是可选地连接在一起而形成环系统时所必需的单元。
制备该桥连的颜料的一种方法是通过羟基铝酞菁与二氯硅烷的反应。然而,制备该桥连物质的优选方法示于下文方案1中,该方案使用了氟化酞菁铝卤化物和经取代的甲硅烷二醇(silyldiol)。该优选方法的特别优势在于未使用氯硅烷,氯硅烷是能够与水强烈反应从而产生氯化氢气体的易燃液体。
方案1
生产酞菁卤化铝的方法已为本领域所公知。最适合的卤化物是方案1中所示的氯化物。例如,可以由4-氟酞腈制备四氟酞菁氯化铝,所述4-氟酞腈可从包括Pharmabridge,Inc.,Doylestown,Pennsylvania,USA等若干来源获得。适合的甲硅烷二醇反应物可以包括但不限于:二苯基硅烷二醇(Aldrich Chemical Company,Wisconsin,USA)、1,4-双(二甲基羟基甲硅烷基)苯(Aldrich Chemical Company,Wisconsin,USA)、1,1,3,3-四苯基二硅氧烷二醇(American Custom Chemicals,San Diego,California,USA)、4,4′-双(二甲基羟基甲硅烷基)二苯基醚(AK Scientific Inc.,Mountain View,California,USA)、1,4-萘双(二甲基硅烷醇)(Y.Otomo等,Polymer(2005),46(23),9714-9724)、1,3-二甲基-1,3-二-1-戊炔基-1,3-二硅氧烷二醇(US 2671101)、1,3-双(二甲基羟基甲硅烷基)金刚烷(Y-M.,Pai等,Polymer Preprints(1987),28(1),116-117)、(四甲基-对亚苯基)双(二甲基硅烷醇)(H.N.Beck等,J.of Chemical and Engineering Data(1963),8(4),602-603)、双[3-(羟基二甲基甲硅烷基)丙基]丙二腈(G.G.Cameron等,Polymer International(1994),35(3),225-229)、1-甲基-4-苯基-1,4-二硅烷环己烷-1,4-二醇(L.M.Volkova等,Russian Chemical Bulletin(1999)48(9),1712-1716)、1,3-二环己基-1,3-二甲基-1,3-二硅氧烷二醇(FR 73000(1960))、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二硅烷己烷-2,5-二醇(M.Kumada等,J.Inst.Polytech.Osaka City Univ.,(1952),3,65-76)、1,3-二乙烯基-1,3-二甲基-1,3-二硅氧烷二醇(J.A.Cella等,J.ofOrganometallic Chemistry(1994),480(1-2),23-26)、1,3,5,7-四甲基-1,3,5,7-四(3,3,3-三氟丙基)-1,7-四硅氧烷二醇(US 2915544)、2,2-二甲基-1,1,3,3-四苯基-1,3-丙硅烷二醇(JP 59161430)、十二苯基-1,6-己硅烷二醇(A.W.P.Jarvie等,J.Org.Chem.(1962)27,614-616)、(2,5-二氯-对亚苯基)双(二甲基硅烷醇)(US3200137),1,1,3,3-四间甲苯基-1,3-二硅氧烷二醇(J.of Organometallic Chemistry(1968)11(1),17-25)、3,3′-(1,4-亚苯基)双[1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷醇](美国专利第3398175号)、1,4-亚苯基双[乙烯基甲基硅烷醇](US 3803086)和2,5-二甲基-2,5-二硅烷己-3-炔-2,5-二醇(J.American Chemical Society(1952),74,4853-4856)。
更优选的颜料如式(II)所示,其中n=1,R1和R2相同,R3是氧或芳基,z是1~4:
最优选的颜料如式(III)所示,其中R1和R2皆为苯基,R3是氧或芳基,且z是1~4:
应了解的是,在式(I)~式(III)中当z=1、2或3时可能存在异构体,其中在酞菁基团中存在的全部四个苯环中,各个苯环的氟可能不会位于每个苯环中的同一相对位置。制备经取代的酞菁基的一种方法来自经取代的酞腈。酞腈和其衍生的酞菁基的后续部分具有以下编号系统:
举例而言,从3,6-二氟酞菁或4,5-二氟菁(z=2)衍生出的颜料将相对于酞菁基对称,并且仅有一种异构体。然而,从3,5-二氟酞腈衍生出的颜料可能并不对称,并且因为酞菁基中4个苯基的每一个均可以在3,5或4,6位置发生取代而可能产生异构体。每当z=1~3时,所有可能的单独的异构体及任意组合的异构体混合物都是本发明的一部分。
式(I)~式(III)的优选颜料是z=2时的颜料,使得各个酞菁基都具有共8个氟原子且整个分子具有共16个氟原子。然而,式(I)~式(III)的最优选颜料是z=1时的颜料,其中各个酞菁基都具有共4个氟原子且整个分子具有共8个氟原子。当z=1时,优选的取代模式是分别从3-氟酞腈或4-氟酞腈衍生出的3-或4-位置。总之,所有可能的单独的异构体及任意组合的异构体(就氟的位置而言)混合物都是本发明的一部分。
在一个实施方式中,已发现在双(酞菁铝基)硅氧烷颜料的各个酞菁基上添加氟取代基极大地改善了分散性并促进了均匀纳米颗粒的形成。对于许多应用而言,非常理想的是颜料形成非常小的固体颗粒,这些颗粒具有高表面积并理想地具有均匀的粒径分布。这使光吸收最大化且使光散射最小化。通常将此类组合物称为纳米颗粒分散体或纳米分散体。用来制备纳米分散体的方法为本领域公知,并且包括JP2007321111、JP2007321110、JP2007321107、CN101081942、K.Hayashi等,J.Materials Chemistry,17(16),527-530(2007)、WO2007088662、美国申请第20060112856号、CN1150261、JP2003241374和D.F Hughes等,Langmuir,15(16),5227-5231(1999)。
已在本领域中用来制备颜料分散体的研磨(例如用于滤色器应用)通常产生具有至多为500nm的宽范围粒径的材料。已发现氟化酞菁颜料颗粒易于研磨至窄粒径范围,其中粒径基本上小于100nm,并因此生成改进的光谱性质。Santilli等在US5,738,716中以及Czekai等在US 5,500,331中已经教导了产生此类型颗粒的一种方法。该方法在本文中称为微介质研磨(micromedia milling)。本发明的材料还允许使用标准研磨方法来产生纳米分散体。由颜料制备分散体的方法通常包括三个步骤:(a)研磨和分散步骤,用来形成并分散颜料的小颗粒;(b)稀释或混合步骤,其中用载体和其他附加物(可包含其他颜料分散体)来稀释分散后的颜料浓缩物,从而形成涂布强度(coating-strength)颜料分散体;和(c)在基体上形成所述涂布强度颜料分散体的沉积物。步骤(a)可细化为:(a1)提供含有颜料和该颜料用载体以及可选的分散剂的颜料混合物;(a2)混合该颜料混合物与研磨介质;(a3)将该混合物导入高速研磨机中;(a4)研磨该混合物来获得颜料分散体,其中颜料颗粒具有所需尺寸;和(a5)从研磨介质分离出该分散体。
在研磨步骤中,颜料通常与刚性的惰性研磨介质一起悬浮于载体中(通常与在涂布强度浆体中的载体相同)。对此颜料分散体提供机械能,研磨介质和颜料之间的碰撞使颜料解聚集成为其一次颗粒。通常将分散剂和/或稳定剂添加到颜料分散体中,从而促进原料颜料的较小颗粒的分散,并且保持胶状颗粒的稳定性,即阻止颗粒的再聚集和沉降。
存在多种不同类型的可用作研磨介质的材料,例如玻璃、陶瓷、金属和塑料。在有效的实施方式中,研磨介质可以包含优选形状基本呈球形的颗粒(例如,珠粒),其主要由聚合树脂或陶瓷颗粒(如由硅酸锆构成)组成。
一般而言,适合用作研磨介质的聚合树脂在化学上和物理上呈惰性,基本不含金属、溶剂和单体,并且具有足够的硬度和脆度以使其在研磨中能够避免破碎或粉碎。理想的是,如Czekai等所述,珠粒的尺寸为10~100微米。适合的聚合树脂包括:交联的聚苯乙烯,如与二乙烯基苯交联的聚苯乙烯;苯乙烯共聚物;聚丙烯酸酯,如聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯);聚碳酸酯;聚缩醛,如DerlinTM;氯乙烯聚合物及共聚物;聚氨酯;聚酰胺;聚(四氟乙烯),如TeflonTM,及其他含氟聚合物;高密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯;纤维素醚和酯,如乙酸纤维素;聚(羟乙基甲基丙烯酸酯);聚(羟乙基丙烯酸脂);含聚合物的有机硅,如聚硅氧烷等。聚合物可以是生物可降解的。示例性生物可降解的聚合物包括:聚丙交酯、聚乙交酯、丙交酯和乙交酯的共聚物、聚酸酐、聚(亚氨基碳酸酯)、聚(N-酰基羟基脯氨酸)酯、聚(N-棕榈酰基羟基脯氨酸)酯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚(原酸酯)、聚(己内酯)和聚(膦腈)。聚合树脂的密度可以是0.9g/cm3~3.0g/cm3。较高密度的树脂尤其有效,因为这些树脂会转移更多的能量来提供更有效的粒径缩减。特别有用的是基于苯乙烯的交联或未交联的聚合介质。
可以在任何适合的研磨机中进行研磨。适合的研磨机包括喷气研磨机、辊磨机、球磨机、磨碎机、振动研磨机、行星式研磨机、砂磨机和珠磨机。高速研磨机尤其有效。高速研磨机是指能够将研磨介质加速至大于5米每秒的速度的研磨装置。该研磨机可以包含具有一个以上叶轮的转动轴。在这种研磨机中,赋予介质的速率大致与叶轮的圆周速率(即叶轮每分钟的转数、π和叶轮直径的乘积)相等。例如,在直径为40mm的Cowles型锯齿叶轮在9,000rpm运行时,可获得足够的研磨介质速率。研磨介质、颜料、液体分散介质和分散剂的有效比例可以在宽极限值内变化,并且取决于例如所选的特定材料和研磨介质的尺寸和密度。该过程可以在连续模式或分批模式下进行。
在分批研磨中,使用简单混合来制备有<100μm的聚合树脂研磨介质、液体、颜料和分散剂的浆体。可以用诸如高速磨碎机、振动研磨机或球磨机等常规高能分批研磨方法来研磨该浆体。对浆体研磨预定长度的时间,使得活性材料能够粉碎至最小粒径。研磨完成后,通过简单的筛分或过滤,使用阻挡研磨介质但不阻挡研磨颜料的障碍物(例如孔径为5μm的过滤器)来分离活性材料的分散体与研磨介质。
在连续式介质再循环研磨中,有<100μm的聚合树脂研磨介质、液体、颜料和分散剂的浆体可以从盛放容器通过常规介质研磨机进行连续地再循环,所述研磨机具有调整为>100μm的介质分离筛,从而允许介质自由通过整个循环。研磨完成后,通过简单的筛分或过滤来使该活性材料的分散体与研磨介质分离。
使用上述任一模式时,研磨物(mill grind)的成分的有效量和比率将会根据特定材料而大幅度变化。研磨混合物的内容物包含研磨物和研磨介质。研磨物包含颜料、分散体和液体载体(例如水)。对于水性滤浆,颜料通常以1重量%~50重量%存在于研磨物中(不计研磨介质)。颜料与分散剂的重量比是20∶1~1∶2。高速研磨机是高速搅拌装置,例如由Morehouse-Cowles或Hockmeyer等制造的那些。
分散剂是研磨物中的另一重要成分。有效的分散剂包括:Solsperse 41000(TheLubrizol Corporation)或以Solsperse品牌销售的其他组合物,硫酸盐(例如十二烷基硫酸钠),磺酸盐(例如N-甲基-N-油酰基牛磺酸盐),丙烯酸类共聚物及苯乙烯-丙烯酸类共聚物如US 5,085,698和US 5,172,133中所公开的那些(例如,Joncryl 678),以及磺化聚酯和苯乙烯类如US 4,597,794中所公开的那些。还有效的是诸如Disperbyk-111(BYK-Chemie GmbH,德国)、Disperbyk-161(BYK-Chemie GmbH,德国)等包含胺官能团的含磷聚酯或包含聚醚官能团的分散剂。其他上述提及的与颜料可用性有关的专利还公开了多种有效的分散剂。
研磨时间可以大幅度变化,并取决于颜料、机械支持及所选择的留存条件、起始粒径及所需的最终粒径。对于使用上述有效的颜料、分散剂和研磨介质的水性研磨物,研磨时间将通常为1小时~100小时。通过过滤来方便地使研磨颜料浓缩物与研磨介质分离。
颜料的载体可以是水性载体介质或者非水性溶剂。有效的溶剂已在Czekai等,以及还在US 5,145,684、US 5,679,138和EP 498,492中有所公开。水性载体介质是水、盐水溶液或包含水和至少一种水混溶性共溶剂的水性溶剂混合物。对合适混合物的选择取决于对具体应用的要求,例如所需的表面张力和粘度、所选择的颜料、滤色器层的干燥时间和将要在其上涂布颜料分散体的材料类型。可以选择的水混溶性共溶剂的代表实例包括:(1)醇类,例如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、仲丁醇、叔丁醇、异丁醇、糠醇、和四氢糠醇;(2)酮类或酮醇类,例如丙酮、甲基乙基酮和二丙酮醇;(3)醚类,例如四氢呋喃和和二烷;(4)酯类,例如乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、碳酸亚乙酯和碳酸亚丙酯;(5)多元醇类,例如乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、丙二醇、四乙二醇、聚乙二醇、甘油、2-甲基-2,4-戊二醇、1,2,6-己三醇和硫甘醇;(6)衍生自亚烷基二醇的低级烷基单醚或二醚,例如乙二醇单甲基(或乙基)醚、二乙二醇单甲基(或乙基)醚、丙二醇单甲基(或乙基)醚、三乙二醇单甲基(或乙基)醚和二乙二醇二甲基(或乙基)醚;(7)含氮环式化合物,例如吡咯烷酮、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮和1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮;以及(8)含硫化合物,例如二甲基亚砜和四亚甲基砜。
有效的非水性溶剂包括酮类、烃类、醇类、多元醇类、醚类和酯类。其中,优选酮类和酯类。已知可用于此方法的溶剂包括甲苯、己烷、环己酮、乙醇、丁醇、甘醇和PGMEA(丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯)。可以使用单独的溶剂或溶剂混合物。特别适合的溶剂混合物是环己酮和PGMEA。
本发明的氟化酞菁颜料在与非水性有机溶剂一起使用时格外有效。在有机介质中,氟化酞菁颜料易于研磨成具有窄粒径分布的小粒径。
这种处理使得颜料颗粒中至少有85体积%的颗粒的粒径小于2750nm。非常适合的是,至少80体积%的颗粒的粒径小于100nm,特别是小于68nm或甚至小于36nm。然而,这并不是在所有情况下都可能实现,在最低限度下,有效的是至少95体积%的颜料颗粒的粒径小于5000nm。
本发明的颜料的具体实例包括但不限于以下物质:
实验例
四氟酞菁氯化铝的制备:
将磁搅拌子、20g 1-氯代萘、0.12g(2mmol)尿素、9.13g(62.5mmol)4-氟酞腈放入100ml的三颈圆底烧瓶中,然后放入2.0g(15mmol)三氯化铝,最后使用20g 1-氯代萘来清洗漏斗。该瓶配备有温度计和带有氮气入口的冷凝器。在持续的磁搅拌下用加热套对该反应进行加热。反应混合物颜色逐渐变深,直至在约210℃时注意到一些蓝绿色。在210℃的温度下,该反应开始放热,并得到迅速加热从而在约255℃出现回流,且伴随有深蓝色形成。反应在255℃保持3小时。然后形成深蓝黑色固体,反应液在自由搅拌下呈褐色。将反应冷却至100℃,随后添加60ml二甲苯,并对反应搅拌20分钟。在混合物仍温热时于Buchner漏斗上通过Whatman#54滤纸来对其进行过滤,并收集蓝黑色沉淀物。用50ml二甲苯清洗该沉淀物,随后用100ml丙酮清洗。滤液最初呈褐色,但逐渐变为浅蓝色。将所收集的固体放入250ml锥形瓶中,添加50ml 5%的NaOH水溶液,对该混合物进行20分钟的快速磁搅拌。在Buchner漏斗上收集不溶性材料。用50ml丙酮并随后用50ml轻石油清洗所收集的产物,随后在Buchner漏斗上进行干燥。将该产物放回250ml锥形瓶中,并添加50ml 5%的NH4OH水溶液。该固体完全未润湿,也就是:该固体在无色液体顶部保持为完全干燥的粉末,并且搅拌不会使该固体湿润。在Buchner漏斗上收集该干燥粉末。滤液完全无色。用50ml蒸馏水、100ml丙酮清洗所收集的固体,随后在Buchner上干燥20分钟。在转移至250ml锥形瓶中后,添加100ml丙酮。在加热板上于搅拌下使该混合物沸腾,并且保持沸腾15分钟,随后通过Whatman#54滤纸来趁热过滤。滤液呈极浅的蓝色。在Buchner漏斗上使该产物干燥15分钟,随后在真空烘箱中于60℃进行干燥过夜。所收集的深蓝色粉末状中间体四氟酞菁氯化铝的重量为9.3g(14.3mmol,产率95.9%)。熔点:>310℃。
使用二苯基硅烷二醇制备发明例1:双[四氟酞菁铝基]-1,1,3,3,-四苯基-1,3-二硅氧烷:
按如下顺序将5.4g(8.3mmol)四氟酞菁氯化铝、35ml吡啶和1.9g(8.5mmol)二苯基硅烷二醇置于100ml单颈圆底烧瓶中。向该烧瓶中加入磁搅拌子,并配冷凝器和氮气进口。将该瓶置于预热至130℃的油浴中。在回流下搅拌并加热该反应过夜。四氟酞菁氯化铝呈现出在热吡啶中部分溶解。搅拌过夜后,该反应保持深蓝色且可自由搅拌。将瓶从油浴中移除,冷却至约100℃,并在Buchner漏斗上使用Whatman#54滤纸来收集不溶产物(趁热过滤)。用4×50ml吡啶清洗所收集的蓝色产物,直至清洗液呈非常浅的蓝色,随后用100ml丙酮,以及25ml轻石油P950清洗。产物在Buchner漏斗上干燥1小时,随后在真空烘箱中于60℃干燥1小时。深蓝色产物的重量是6.4g(3.9mmol,理论值的94.3%)。IR和MS的分析显示分离的产物中仍然有少量的起始材料。将粗产物置于250ml锥形瓶中,并用125ml二甲基甲酰胺在回流下打浆40分钟。在Buchner漏斗上使用Whatman#54滤纸来收集不溶材料。重复进行一次热DMF浆体纯化。在Buchner漏斗上收集最终产物,用50ml丙酮,以及25ml轻石油P950清洗,随后在真空烘箱中于110℃干燥过夜。所收集的深蓝色粉末状发明例1的重量为4.9g(2.99mmol,理论值的72.2%)。通过GC质谱分析最终产物,检测到2.2%的DMF(0.5mol DMF/mol络合物)。
应注意的是,所合成的本发明的氟化酞菁颜料可以包含物理性包埋的或者在一些情况下作为溶质分子而配位的溶剂(通常小于10重量%)。此类材料包含在本发明中。这些少量的溶剂通常不会影响分散体的制备或性能。
尝试使用二氯二苯基硅烷制备发明例1:双[四氟酞菁铝基]-1,1,3,3,-四苯基-1,3-二硅氧烷
按如下顺序将70ml吡啶、10ml蒸馏水、8.4g(13mmol)四氟酞菁氯化铝和3.54g(14mmol)二氯二苯基硅烷置于250ml单颈圆底烧瓶中。对该混合物进行磁搅拌。该烧瓶装配上回流冷凝器和氮气进口,随后在油浴中在回流下加热5小时。二氯二苯基硅烷的添加是高度放热的。该反应容易搅拌且呈现蓝绿色色调。回流5小时后,烧瓶从油浴中移除,并在室温下搅拌30分钟来进行冷却。在Buchner漏斗上使用Whatman#54滤纸来收集深蓝色不溶产物,并且用2×25ml蒸馏水进行清洗。将潮湿的蓝色产物转移至500ml锥形瓶中,并添加200ml丙酮。搅拌该混合物并加热至回流。在回流下保持30分钟后,将混合物冷却至室温,在Buchner漏斗上用Whatman#54滤纸来收集不溶产物。蓝色产物进行风干过夜,随后在真空烘箱中于60℃干燥3小时。所收集的产物的重量是7.8g蓝色粉末。熔点:>310℃。通过红外光谱(Diamond Anvil)、质谱(MALDI-TOF)、原子发射光谱和元素分析进行的产物表征和分析显示未能产生所需的产物。对回收的四氟酞菁氯化铝和羟基铝四氟酞菁进行分离。
制备发明例9:1,4-双[四氟酞菁铝氧基-1,1,-二甲基甲硅烷基]苯:
按如下顺序将4.7g(7.2mmol)四氟酞菁氯化铝、1.72g(7.6mmol)1,4-双(羟基二甲基甲硅烷基)苯和35ml吡啶置于100ml单颈圆底烧瓶中。将磁搅拌子加入该烧瓶中,并配备冷凝器和氮气进口。将该烧瓶置于预热至130℃的油浴中。在回流下搅拌并加热该反应过夜。烧瓶从油浴中移除,冷却至约50℃,随后添加约40ml丙酮,并在室温下搅拌该混合物15分钟。在Buchner漏斗上收集不溶产物,并用丙酮清洗。亮青蓝色产物的粗风干重量是4.6g。将粗材料置于250ml锥形瓶中,并用玻璃搅拌棒压碎。向烧瓶中加入150ml丙酮,随后在加热板上于回流温度伴随磁搅拌而对混合物加热30分钟。在Buchner漏斗中通过用Whatman#54滤纸进行热过滤来收集不溶产物。产物在真空烘箱中于50℃干燥5天。所收集的蓝色粉末产物发明例9的重量是4.52g(3.1mmol,理论值的86.1%)。通过质谱(MALDI)来表征该产物:理论值:m/z 1446.3;测定值:m/z 1446.3。该产物包含少量残余的未反应四氟酞菁氯化铝。
水性墨水制剂和评估
使用下述配方来制备水性研磨物:
1g颜料(先用Tekmar研磨机干磨5分钟);
7.5g 10%的N-甲基-N-油酰基牛磺酸钾水溶液;
6.5g蒸馏水;
70g直径为0.2mm的硅酸锆陶瓷珠;随后
在水冷下以2100rpm研磨24小时。
研磨后,分散体通过粗烧的玻璃漏斗过滤至称过皮重的Nalgene瓶中,从而与研磨介质分离。记录分散体的重量。使用Microtrac超细颗粒分析仪(Microtrac UltrafineParticle Analyzer)来确定各分散体的粒径。以体积%和强度形式记录数据。使用质量吸收率来计算要加到墨水中的分散体的量,从而使所有样品在打印时都将产生近似相同的浓度。
常见的墨水制剂包含以下成分及重量百分比:研磨物(28%)、甘油(7.5%)、乙二醇(4.5%)、甲基丙烯酸苄基甲基丙烯酸酯分散剂(0.9%)、聚氨酯稳定剂(1.2%)、Surfynol465表面活性剂(Air Products,Allentown,Pennsylvania,USA)(0.75%)、Kordek工业生物杀灭剂(Rohm and Haas,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,USA)(0.02%)、三乙醇胺(0.05%)和水(50%)。用磁搅拌子搅拌墨水几分钟。
为了进行测试,将0.5ml墨水涂布在适合的喷墨打印纸基体上。风干15分钟后,该涂层在红外线干燥器中进一步干燥40秒。使用可商购得的铜酞菁青色墨水(对照例1)和用比较例1(双(酞菁铝基)四苯基二硅氧烷;发明例1的未氟化类似物)代替发明例1作为着色剂制备的墨水来制造比较涂层。选择均匀涂布的区域用于光谱分析和图像稳定性测试。使用Greytag Spectrolino分光光度计来确定各涂层的光谱。对用于基体吸收的光谱数据进行校正,随后归一化至浓度为1.0以进行比较。图1示出了结果,并证明了发明例1相对于可商购得的颜料墨水(对照例1)具有改善且理想的青色色调,并且与未氟化的类似物比较例1相似。
从各个涂层中切下四个约0.5英寸见方的小片,用于臭氧褪色和HID(高强度日光)褪色测试。在这两种情况下,将褪色计算为自浓度1.0的百分比损失。在X-Rite光密度计上读取这四个小片及其Dmin,并用线性回归线来拟合数据。从该线计算出会产生浓度1.0的墨水覆盖度。在经臭氧或高强度日光(HID)曝射后用新的回归线来拟合数据,并计算出产生1.0浓度的墨水覆盖度的浓度。浓度差即为从1.0褪色的百分比。表1示出了结果,并证明了相对于比较例1对臭氧和光具有改善的稳定性。
表1:光和臭氧褪色结果
有机溶剂中的纳米分散体制剂(制剂1):
发明例A:将244g包含丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯(PGMEA)和环己酮的1∶1(重量/重量)溶剂混合物连同11.25g分散剂聚合物Solsperse 41000导入带有特殊设计的隔板的1L不锈钢冷水夹套容器中。随后,将与垂直Caframo机械搅拌器连接的直径为50mm的工具钢D叶片浸入溶剂中。在搅拌器以500rpm运转时,添加45g发明例1,随后添加600g 0.2mm Zirstar(硅酸锆研磨介质)。通过逐渐提高混合速率来研磨所得的分散体,最初在1600rpm进行18小时,随后用6小时提升至2800rpm,在2800rpm保持18小时,最后在3000rpm进行5小时。在通过20μm过滤器使用压力过滤与研磨介质分离后,分离出分散体。
比较例B:如上所述进行本实验,不同之处在于:用类似的非氟化参照材料双(酞菁铝基)四苯基二硅氧烷(比较例1)来替换发明例1,并且将初始的1600rpm混合速率延长至22小时,同时在2800rpm进行18小时的混合和最终的在3000rpm进行5小时之前略去6小时的提升步骤。
表1列出了实施例A(发明例)和B(比较例)以在一定尺寸下的累积%(以体积计)计的粒径分布的比较。图2显示了%体积与粒径(μm)的曲线图。
表1
一定尺寸下的累积%
有机溶剂中的纳米分散体制剂(制剂2):
以下述方式制备发明例C:用7.5g分散剂聚合物Disperbyk-111和129g含有丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯和环己酮的1∶1(重量/重量)混合物填充带有特殊设计的隔板的1L不锈钢冷水夹套容器。随后,将与垂直Caframo机械搅拌器连接的直径为50mm的工具钢D叶片浸入溶剂中。在搅拌器以500rpm运转时,添加13.5g发明例1,随后添加150g的50μm聚苯乙烯研磨介质。通过逐渐提高混合速率来研磨分散体,其使用如下顺序:在1600rpm进行17小时,在2200rpm进行3小时,在2400rpm进行2小时,在2500rpm进行4小时。使用动态光散射定径技术确定纳米粒的形成,然后中止研磨。
比较例D:如实施例C中所述来进行本实验,不同之处在于:用参照材料双(酞菁铝基)四苯基二硅氧烷(比较例1)来替换发明例1,并且将研磨过程延长到检测不到纳米粒形成以后。将在2500rpm的混合延长至25小时。
图3中显示出这些实施例的粒径分布(实施例C和D的比较)。这些结果清楚显示出本发明的颜料具有更小且更均匀的粒径分布。
Claims (16)
2.如权利要求1所述的颜料,其中,n=1,R1和R2相同,R3是氧,并且z是1~4。
3.如权利要求2所述的颜料,其中,R1和R2都是苯基。
4.如权利要求3所述的颜料,其中,z是1。
5.如权利要求3所述的颜料,其中,z是4。
6.如权利要求1所述的颜料,所述颜料通过甲硅烷二醇与氟代酞菁卤化铝化合物的反应而制得。
7.一种颜料分散体,所述颜料分散体包括权利要求1所述的颜料,所述颜料分散在水性介质中。
8.如权利要求7所述的颜料分散体,所述分散体包含分散剂,所述分散剂选自硫酸盐,磺酸盐,丙烯酸类共聚物和苯乙烯-丙烯酸类共聚物,以及磺化或含磷聚酯和苯乙烯类。
9.一种颜料分散体,所述颜料分散体包括权利要求1所述的颜料,所述颜料分散在有机液体中,其中,所述有机液体选自酮类、烃类、醇类、醚类和酯类。
10.如权利要求9所述的颜料分散体,其中,至少85体积%的颜料颗粒的粒径小于2750nm。
11.如权利要求9所述的颜料分散体,其中,至少80体积%的颜料颗粒的粒径小于100nm。
12.如权利要求9所述的颜料分散体,所述分散体包含分散剂,所述分散剂选自:Solsperse41000,Disperbyk-111,Disperbyk-161,硫酸盐,磺酸盐,丙烯酸类共聚物和苯乙烯-丙烯酸类共聚物,磺化聚酯和苯乙烯类,含磷聚酯,以及包含胺或聚醚官能团的分散剂。
13.一种颜料分散体,所述颜料分散体包括权利要求3所述的颜料,所述颜料分散在水性介质中。
14.一种颜料分散体,所述颜料分散体包括权利要求3所述的颜料,所述颜料分散在有机液体中,其中,所述有机液体选自酮类、烃类、醇类、醚类和酯类。
15.如权利要求14所述的颜料分散体,其中,至少85体积%的颜料颗粒的粒径小于2750nm。
16.如权利要求14所述的颜料分散体,其中,至少80体积%的颜料颗粒的粒径小于100nm。
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- 2009-10-27 EP EP09744238.8A patent/EP2361284B1/en active Active
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EP2361284B1 (en) | 2013-05-01 |
WO2010053510A3 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
US7628849B1 (en) | 2009-12-08 |
WO2010053510A2 (en) | 2010-05-14 |
TWI394804B (zh) | 2013-05-01 |
KR101235780B1 (ko) | 2013-02-22 |
JP2012507595A (ja) | 2012-03-29 |
KR20110087267A (ko) | 2011-08-02 |
JP5174247B2 (ja) | 2013-04-03 |
EP2361284A2 (en) | 2011-08-31 |
TW201030101A (en) | 2010-08-16 |
CN102197096A (zh) | 2011-09-21 |
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