CN102196850A - 纤维状钛酸铝基材及形成所述基材的方法 - Google Patents
纤维状钛酸铝基材及形成所述基材的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102196850A CN102196850A CN2009801435760A CN200980143576A CN102196850A CN 102196850 A CN102196850 A CN 102196850A CN 2009801435760 A CN2009801435760 A CN 2009801435760A CN 200980143576 A CN200980143576 A CN 200980143576A CN 102196850 A CN102196850 A CN 102196850A
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Abstract
一种具有一钛酸铝组合物的多孔纤维蜂巢状基材及生产所述基材的方法。于一包括纤维材料的可挤出的混合物中提供钛酸铝的前驱物,以形成一胚体蜂巢状基材。当固化后,钛酸铝的前驱物形成一钛酸铝组合物,以纤维材料界定多孔微结构。提供包括钛酸铝的各种复合结构以形成一可经配置(configured)为过滤介质及/或一触媒基体(catalytic host)的多孔蜂窝状基材。
Description
技术领域
本发明概括地涉及纤维状钛酸铝材料,且更尤其涉及钛酸铝及包括多个由钛酸铝材料所组成的纤维的钛酸铝复合材料。
背景技术
先进的陶瓷材料广泛地利用于设置在不友善环境中的系统中,例如,举例而言,汽车引擎(如,触媒转化器)、航天应用(如,航天飞机磁砖)、耐火(refractory)的运作(如,耐火砖)及电子装置(如,电容器、绝缘体)。在这些环境中,多孔陶瓷体尤其用作过滤器。例如,现今的汽车工业使用陶瓷蜂窝状基材(即一多孔陶瓷体)以主导(host)废气的触媒氧化及还原,以及过滤微粒状的排放物。陶瓷蜂窝状基材提供用于过滤及触酶反应支撑体的高比表面积,且同时,在与一汽车引擎环境相关的高操作温度下,陶瓷蜂窝状基材是稳定且结构上实质可靠。
一般而言,陶瓷材料,例如举例而言,以钛酸铝为基质的陶瓷,是在高温环境中表现良好的惰性材料。然而,陶瓷材料并非不受热压力影响,例如那些自高温梯度所产生的压力及使所述材料遭受极端温度间的热偏移的环境。当所欲的特性为高度多孔时,例如过滤应用,曝露于极端热环境的陶瓷材料的表现甚至更受到挑战。已知,作为实质上高温环境中的过滤介质及/或触媒基体的高孔隙度钛酸铝基材材料在许多应用中会降解及故障。
发明内容
本发明经由提供一种具有钛酸铝组合物的高孔隙度基材而克服现有技术的缺点,所述基材具有硬质纤维状微结构所提供的机械完整度。本发明的基材适合用于严厉的环境中(例如,高温环境)作为过滤介质及/或触媒基体。
在本发明的一方面中,纤维状钛酸铝蜂窝状基材包括一壁的蜂巢状数组,界定相邻壁间的通道,所述壁是由多个形成一具有一孔的开放网络的多孔结构的纤维所组成。在本实施方案中,所述纤维状钛酸铝微结构提供来自所述孔的开放网络且大于50%的孔隙度。在所述多个纤维的相邻纤维间形成一连结基质,以在所述结构中提供刚度及强度。所述连结基质可为玻璃、玻璃陶瓷、及陶瓷材料,包括钛酸铝。可形成各种复合材料,包括钛酸铝与二氧化硅、氧化锶、氧化镁、氧化钡、及氧化钙的至少一者。
制造所述多孔钛酸铝基材的方法包括,混合钛酸铝的前驱物(即,氧化铝及二氧化钛)所述前驱物与添加剂及一流体,以提供一可挤出的混合物。所述前驱物及/或添加剂包括一纤维。挤出所述可挤出的混合物成一蜂巢状胚体基材,并固化成一纤维状钛酸铝多孔基材。所述固化程序包括干燥所述胚体基材及去除所述添加剂,接着是一烧结程序,自所述前驱物形成钛酸铝,同时保持通过纤维而界定的孔结构。
所述制造多孔纤维状钛酸铝基材的方法包括,自摩尔比大约相等的氧化铝与二氧化钛而形成的化学计量的钛酸铝。变化包括由过量的氧化铝、过量的氧化硅(silica)、及额外的组合物所提供的复合结构。
本发明的多孔纤维钛酸铝基材可具有约50%至约85%范围内的孔隙度,形成具有钛酸铝组合物的经连结的陶瓷纤维。所述经连合的陶瓷纤维可与具有玻璃连结、玻璃陶瓷连结或陶瓷连结、或任何前述组合的连结基质相连结。在一实施方案中,所述连结基质为钛酸铝,在其它实施方案中,所述连结基质为钛酸铝与二氧化硅、氧化锶、氧化钡、氧化镁、或氧化钙的复合基质。
附图说明
附图构成本说明书的一部分,并包括本发明的例示型实施方案,其可以各种形式而示例。
图1为根据本发明的一蜂窝状基材。
图2为本发明的蜂窝状基材的多孔微结构的放大区域图。
图3为描述根据本发明的生产一多孔状钛酸铝蜂窝状基材的方法的流程图。
图4为本发明的一实施方案的蜂窝状基材的多孔微结构的放大区域图。
图5为本发明的一另一实施方案的蜂窝状基材的多孔微结构的放大区域图。
具体实施方式
以下提供本发明的实施例的详细描述。然而,应理解,本发明可以各种形式例示。因此,此处特定的详细揭露不应视为限制,而是作为一用于教示熟习本技术领域的人士实际上如何应用本发明的详细的系统、结构、或方式的代表基础。
以陶瓷纤维为基础的基材材料适合用于高温隔热、过滤、及用于主导触媒反应。所述材料,以任何各种形式,可用于高温应用如触媒转化器、NOx吸附器、脱硝过滤器(DeNox filters)、多功能过滤器、熔融金属的传输机制与过滤器、再生器核心、化学程序、固定床反应器、加氢脱硫作用、加氢裂解、加氢处理、及引擎排气过滤。
以粉末为基质的陶瓷材料可制成多孔形式,通过使用在烧结期间挥发的有机物及孔形成剂。或者,所述以粉末为基质的陶瓷蜂窝状基材的烧结程序可致密化(densification)陶瓷前驱物,以并含遍及经烧结的基材材料中的孔及空隙(void space)。以粉末为基质的材料所制成的多孔基材会明显折损(significantly compromised)。当孔隙度超过50%时,以粉末为基质的基材变得较脆弱且在任何高温或温度压力的应用中发生机械故障。此外,以粉末为基质的基材的孔隙度通常并不适用于过滤应用,因为原料致密化及/或通过有机物挥发所造成的空隙及孔并未良好地互相连通。当孔隙没有良好地互相连通时,由于具有以纤维为基质的基材,因此气体流或流体流无法穿透通过基材材料。
纤维状微结构所提供的高孔隙度与高有效表面积提供低质量下的优良强度,且可承受宽广及突然的温度偏移而不显现热震(thermal shock)或机械降解。陶瓷纤维亦可用于制造高温坚硬的隔热板,例如真空铸造板,用于需要抗冲击的燃烧室的内衬及高温环境。铸造程序亦可用于形成陶瓷纤维的坚硬结构,例如窑具及承载瓷砖(setter tiles)。
当使用于此处,纤维是一材料的形式,其长宽比,即,长度除以宽度,大于1。纤维的横切面的形状通常为圆形,然而也可能为其它横切面形状,例如三角形、长方形、或多角型。此外,纤维宽度可随着纤维长度或纤维切面而变化。许多型态的材料组合物可以纤维形式提供。一般而言,通过数种程序之一者以制造纤维,包括但不限于,纺、吹、拉、或溶胶凝胶程序。大多数用于耐火隔热的陶瓷纤维,例如铝硅酸盐或氧化铝纤维,具有约1微米至约25微米的直径或宽度,且更常见为3微米至约10微米。熟习本技术领域的人士应理解作为生产多孔纤维状基材的原料的纤维形状,与更常见的陶瓷粉末材料形成强烈的对比,陶瓷粉末材料的长宽比约为1。
图1绘示根据本发明的蜂窝状基材。基材100具有一壁110的蜂巢状数组,界定相邻壁间的通道120。基材100,尤其是壁110,是由一具有钛酸铝组合物的以纤维为基质的材料的多孔微结构所组成。参照图2,例示多孔微结构200的放大区域图。孔空隙220是由重迭及相互纠结的纤维210间的空间而创造。重迭及相互纠结的纤维210是以经烧结的连结及/或透过一连结基质230,例如一玻璃连结、玻璃陶瓷连结或陶瓷连结,而与相邻的纤维连结。
本技术领域已广泛知悉使用纤维以强化对象。一般的纤维强化复合物包括一纤维及一基质的结构。所述纤维提供强度而所述基质则将纤维胶合(glues)在一起,以转移强化的纤维间的压力。已知蜂窝状陶瓷基材包括小量的纤维以提供蜂窝结构增强度(strengthening)及强化性(reinforcement)。然而,在本发明的方法及装置中,纤维为基质,具有由相邻与重迭纤维间的空隙所提供的基质的孔隙度及渗透性(permeability),且具有由相邻与重迭纤维间的连结所提供的基质的强度及支撑。本发明的结构与一经纤维强化的对象间的一关键区别在于,本发明的纤维与相邻及毗邻(adjoining)的纤维及/或连结基质反应,以形成一均匀的复合材料。
钛酸铝(Al2TiO5)为一斜方晶体结构,其在经烧结的多晶材料或非晶质材料中形成一稳定的微裂纹结构。钛酸铝为一稳定的氧化物陶瓷材料,由于极低的热膨胀系数(CTE)而可显现优良的热震抵抗性,因此受到高度重视。具有低CTE的陶瓷材料在可能存在热梯度的应用中是理想的。例如,在一柴油微粒过滤器中,当累积于过滤器中的烟灰周期性地一再生成时,会形成热梯度。柴油微粒过滤器的再生牵涉烧除累积的烟灰以将累积的烟灰氧化成二氧化碳及水蒸气。过滤器中可发展出超过摄氏800度的热梯度,这可能诱发超过陶瓷材料强度的热压力。当使用具有低CTE的材料时,可据此减少由高温梯度所造成的热压力。
先前已知,由钛酸铝所组成的多孔蜂窝状基材是使用以粉末为基质的原料而制得。由于当孔隙度超过约50%时,来自以粉末为基质的材料的钛酸铝基材在机械性上变得脆弱,因此孔隙度的有效范围是受限的。本发明的多孔钛酸铝基材,是使用以纤维为基质的原料来制造,使用挤出方法以产生蜂窝状基材,可提供具有50%或更高的孔隙度的多孔钛酸铝蜂窝状基材,具有足够的机械强度及其它热特性与机械特性。此外,将以纤维为基质的原料挤出成一蜂窝状型式可提供较佳的纤维位向(orientation),即,纤维排列在挤出方向上。如此一来,纤维排列(其可受到纤维原料的机械特性,例如直径、长度、及组合物所提供的强度,的控制或影响)可赋予异向性(anisotropic)CTE特征,包括可能会在操作时经历最大热梯度的基材的方向上的低CTE特性。
以下参照图3,显示一根据本发明的生产一多孔钛酸铝蜂窝状基材的方法。一般而言,方法300使用一挤出程序以挤出一可固化成最终的高度多孔基材的胚体基材。方法300的挤出程序在基材的尺寸、形状、及几何形状上提供弹性,使得挤出模具及挤出设备可适用于一特定配置。
一般而言,在一混合步骤340中,钛酸铝前驱物310与添加剂320及流体330混合。钛酸铝前驱物310包括至少铝氧化物或氧化铝(Al2O3)、及二氧化钛或氧化钛(TiO2)。为了提供所述孔隙度的开放网络,至少一部份材料必须为纤维形式315。氧化铝前驱物及氧化钛前驱物皆可轻易地以纤维形式提供。二前驱物皆可为纤维形式;或者,前驱物可以粉末形式及/或胶体溶液而提供,但前驱物的至少一者的一部份为纤维形式。二前驱物皆可为粉末形式及/或胶体溶液,但所述添加剂为纤维形式。或者,钛酸铝纤维可并含于钛酸铝前驱物310中。
或者,钛酸铝前驱物310可包括额外的化合物,可提供非化学计量的钛酸铝。例如,铝硅酸盐材料,例如非晶质的50%氧化铝/50%二氧化硅(氧化硅),可以纤维形式而轻易取得,其可与粉末状的二氧化钛结合以形成具有钛酸铝及莫来石及/或钛酸铝、莫来石及以氧化硅为基质的玻璃的复合组合物的结构。此外,莫来石纤维可并含于二氧化钛纤维中以提供一相似的钛酸铝-莫来石-玻璃复合物。在另一实施方案中,前驱物可为粉末(及/或胶体)形式,具有包括氧化硅纤维的添加剂,以形成钛酸铝结构围绕氧化硅纤维,或者,围绕莫来石纤维,是来自前驱物的适量氧化铝与氧化硅纤维反应而形成。这些复合结构可为钛酸铝涂覆形成在纤维添加剂上的形式。以下提供各种实施方案的特定实施例。
添加剂320包括黏合剂、分散剂、孔形成剂、增塑剂、加工助剂、及强化材料。包括有机及无机材料的黏合剂、挤出或成形助剂、流变改质剂、加工助剂及增塑剂可适用于随后的挤出步骤350期间。例如,可并含作为添加剂320的有机黏合剂包括甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、乙基纤维素及前述的组合。有机黏合剂可包括但不限于热塑性树脂,例如:聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯乙酯、聚酯、等规聚丙烯(isotactic polypropylene)、无规聚丙烯(atactic polypropylene)、聚砜、聚缩醛聚合物、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、伏马龙-茚共聚物(fumaron-indane copolymer)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、丙烯橡胶、聚乙烯丁醛、及离子聚合物树脂。有机黏合剂可包括但不限于热固性黏合剂,例如:环氧树脂、尼龙、苯酚甲醛、及苯酚糠醛、蜡、石蜡、蜡乳液、及微晶蜡。有机黏合剂可包括但不限于纤维素、糊精、氯化碳氢化合物、精炼藻酸盐、淀粉、明胶、木质素、橡胶、压克力、沥青、酪蛋白、树胶、白蛋白、蛋白质、及乙二醇。所述添加剂320通常可包括烧结助剂,以相对小的量,例如少于1重量%,例如碳酸镁或其它,以在低烧结温度下促进形成钛酸铝,而不显著地改变所得钛酸铝组合物的特性,例如,CTE。添加剂320亦可包括稳定化合物,抑制如作为柴油微粒过滤器的操作期间钛酸铝材料分解的可能性。稳定化合物可包括微量的氧化硅、氧化镁、及/或氧化铁。
可并含作为添加剂320的无机黏合剂,例如:可溶性硅酸盐、可溶性铝酸盐、可溶性磷酸盐、球黏土、高岭土、膨土、胶体氧化硅、胶体氧化铝、及硼磷酸盐。所述无机黏合剂提供可塑性及可挤出性,且亦对具有钛酸铝前驱物310的复合结构的形成有贡献。可并含作为添加剂320的水溶性黏合剂,包括,例如:羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、钠羧甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、聚环氧乙烷、聚丙烯酰胺、聚醚亚胺、琼脂、琼脂糖、磨拉石、糊精、淀粉、木质磺酸盐、木质素溶液、海藻酸钠、阿拉伯树胶、黄原树胶(xanthan gum)、胶黄蓍树胶(gum tragacanth)、加拉亚胶(gum karaya)、刺槐豆胶(locust bean gum)、爱尔兰苔(irish moss)、硬葡聚醣(scleroglucan)、压克力(acrylics)、及阳离子半乳甘露聚糖(cationic galactomanan)。
添加剂320亦可包括增塑剂,所述增塑剂可包括但不限于:硬脂酸、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、丙二醇、乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、四甘醇、酞酸二甲酯、酞酸二丁酯、酞酸二乙酯、酞酸二辛酯、酞酸二烯丙酯、甘油、油酸、硬脂酸丁酯、微晶蜡、石蜡、日本蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、蜂蜡、酯蜡、植物油、鱼油、硅油、氢化花生油、磷酸三甲苯酯、三羟基丙烷单硬脂酸(clycerol monostearate)、及有机硅烷。添加剂320亦可包括增加多孔基材100中孔的尺寸及分布的孔形成剂。加入孔形成剂以增加最终多孔基材中的开放空隙。选择孔形成剂不仅是为了其创造开放空隙的能力且基于其热降解作用,亦是为了在混合及挤出期间帮助定向(orienting)纤维。如此,孔形成剂帮助将纤维排列成一重迭的图样(pattern),以在烧结步骤380的后续阶段期间促进纤维间适当地连结。此外,孔形成剂亦可扮演将纤维以较佳方位(directions)排列的角色,其会影响延着不同轴上的经挤出的基材的热膨胀特性。作为添加剂320的孔形成剂可包括但不限于:炭黑、活性炭、石墨片、合成石墨、木粉、改质淀粉、淀粉、纤维素、椰子壳粉、壳、乳胶球、鸟饵、锯屑、可热解的聚合物(pyrolyzable polymers)、聚(甲基丙烯酸烷酯)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚甲基丙烯酸乙酯、聚甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、聚醚、聚四氢呋喃、聚(1,3-二恶戊烷)、聚(环氧烷)、聚环氧乙烷、聚环氧丙烷、甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、聚异丁烯、聚三亚甲基碳酸酯、聚乙烯草酸酯、聚β-丙内酯、聚δ-戊内酯、聚乙烯碳酸酯、聚丙烯碳酸酯、乙烯基甲苯/α-甲基苯乙烯共聚物、苯乙烯/α-甲基苯乙烯共聚物、及烯烃-二氧化硫共聚物。
如同以上简述,可并含一或多种纤维组合物作为钛酸铝前驱物310。此外,添加剂320可为粉末、流体溶液或纤维形式。
流体330通常为水,但也可提供其它流体,例如溶剂。此外,可以胶体悬浮液或溶液提供前驱物310及/或添加剂320,可减少或消除额外的流体330所需要的量。视需要添加流体330以获得适用于挤出步骤350的混合物所欲的流变性(rheology)。流变性测量可在混合步骤340期间进行,以评估混合物的流变性,相较于挤出步骤350所欲的流变性。过量的流体330是不理想的,原因是在固化步骤355期间可能会发生过度萎缩,会在基材中诱发形成裂纹(cracks)。
在混合步骤340中混合前驱物310、添加剂320及流体330以提供一可挤出的混合物。混合步骤340可包括一干的混合层面(aspect)、一湿的混合层面、及一剪切的混合层面(shear mix aspect)。已发现,剪切混合或分散混合对在混合物中产生高度均匀分布的纤维而言是理想的。所述分布尤其重要,因为混合物中相对低的陶瓷材料浓度。剪切对拆开(break up)及分布混合物中的纤维而言是必要的。曲拐式混合机(sigma mixer)或等效的设备适用于执行混合步骤340。当混合均匀混合物时,可视需要调整混合物的流变性。当混合混合物时,其流变性持续地改变。可主观测试流变能力,或可经由测量以符合熟习本技术领域的人士所知的流变性数值。
接着在挤出步骤350中将可挤出的混合物挤出成一胚体基材。在螺旋挤出机的情况下,混合步骤340可近似同时地与挤出步骤360一起执行,以提供一持续的高容量的在线处理(in-line processing)。或者,亦可在一活塞挤出机中执行批处理,以将所述混合物挤出成一胚体基材。可藉由将混合物挤出通过一蜂窝状挤出模具而获得蜂窝状形式。蜂窝状胞室(cell)的尺寸及几何形状,例如胞室密度及壁厚度,是取决于挤出模具的设计。胚体基材具有足够的胚体强度以支撑基材并为后续处理维持其经挤出的形状及形式。
固化系列(curing sequence)355主要是由干燥步骤360、黏合剂烧尽步骤370及烧结步骤380所组成。执行干燥步骤360以去除胚体基材中的近乎所有的液体,且凝固或凝胶化添加剂320的黏合剂组分。干燥步骤360通常可在烘箱中于相对低的温度下执行,或可以采用其它干燥方法,例如微波、红外线、或经控制湿度的干燥系统。已显示,在一红外线或微波干燥烘箱中干燥胚体基材,可去除超过98%的流体,例如水,这对于降低或消除接下来高温程序中因快速萎缩而发生裂纹或故障的程度,是可接受的。
执行黏合剂烧尽步骤370以去除添加剂320,至少一部份添加剂在高温下挥发,例如有机材料。所述添加剂可以一经控制的方式而烧除,以维持纤维的排列与安排,及确保逸出的气体及残留物不会干扰纤维结构。当添加剂烧除时,纤维维持其重迭安排,并可进一步与在结构内相交点或节点(nodes)处的相邻且重迭纤维相接触。使用黏合剂将纤维放入所述重迭安排中,例如,通过使用任何孔形成剂添加剂形成特定图样。在黏合剂烧尽步骤370期间内,去除添加剂320的特定时间及温度、及环境是取决于所选择的添加剂。例如,若使用HPMC作为有机黏合剂的添加剂320且使用石墨颗粒作为孔形成剂的添加剂320时,则黏合剂烧尽步骤370可通过加热胚体基材加热至约325℃而热瓦解(thermally disintegrate)HPMC,以选择性地去除添加剂,且接着在一以空气吹扫(purged)的环境中加热胚体基材至约600℃,以将石墨氧化成二氧化碳。
接着执行烧结步骤380以自钛酸铝前驱物310形成钛酸铝。在烧结步骤380中,钛酸铝前驱物310及/或添加剂320的以纤维为基质的组分315已经由挤出步骤350而排列及定位(positioned),且自黏合剂烧尽步骤370去除添加剂320的挥发组分。往回参照图2,钛酸铝前驱物310的以纤维为基质的组分是以纤维210作为代表,具有黏合剂烧尽步骤370已去除的添加剂320的挥发组分所形成的开放孔空隙220,具有以粉末为基质的前驱物及/或添加剂涂覆纤维(为简洁目的,未显示于图2中)。烧结步骤380在一环境中加热基材至一温度,足以自钛酸铝前驱物310的反应形成钛酸铝,同时形成一以钛酸铝前驱物的纤维组分为基质的坚硬且多孔结构。
多孔基材的组成取决于钛酸铝前驱物310及未挥发的添加剂320的相对量。例如,当钛酸铝前驱物310包括化学计量比的氧化铝及二氧化钛,可反应形成一近-均匀(near-homogeneous)的钛酸铝组合物,自钛酸铝前驱物形成钛酸铝的公式如下:Al2O3+TiO2→Al2TiO5。同样仍参照图2,在形成钛酸铝期间,自经烧结的连结而在计量化学比的钛酸铝结构中形成相邻及重迭纤维230间的连结。
根据本发明的多孔基材的组合物可包括含有钛酸铝、及/或可形成各种连结相(bonding phases)的复合结构,以提供一坚硬结构。若钛酸铝前驱物310的相对量包括过量的氧化铝,则钛酸铝会形成于氧化铝的基质内。同样地,若钛酸铝前驱物310的相对量包括过量的二氧化钛,则钛酸铝会形成于二氧化钛的基质内。
此外,钛酸铝前驱物可包括额外的化合物而形成一复合结构。在烧结步骤380期间,钛酸铝会形成在具有与前驱物材料的组合物相对应的组合物的材料的基质中。例如,钛酸铝前驱物310可为铝硅酸盐材料,例如非晶质铝硅酸盐纤维、及二氧化钛。在烧结380期间,钛酸铝会自相对等量的氧化铝及二氧化钛而形成,剩余的氧化硅及氧化铝形成莫来石、及/或硅酸盐,包括玻璃化合物。在一些例子中,有机添加剂320,例如黏土或玻璃前驱物,可能在烧结步骤380期间被消耗或继续存在而作为最终基材组合物的一部分。
其它钛酸铝前驱物310及添加剂320可用以形成其它钛酸铝复合结构。例如,钛酸铝前驱物310及/或包括氧化铝、氧化硅、二氧化锶、氧化钡、氧化钙及氧化镁的添加剂320可用以形成纤维状钛酸铝结构,具有任何前述构件(elements)的复合物的基质或在所述基质内部。
参照图4,显示一复合钛酸铝结构。纤维210支配所有界定孔空隙220的微结构,以及这类孔空隙220的尺寸及分布。在这种复合形式中,纤维210是由在复合材料420区域中的钛酸铝区域410所组成的。各别的钛酸铝区域410及复合区域420的尺寸及分布可取决于钛酸铝前驱物310及/或添加剂320的各别量,并由烧结步骤380期间的烧结时间、温度、及环境而控制。
参照图5,显示一复合钛酸铝结构。纤维210支配所有界定孔空隙220的微结构,以及这类孔空隙220的尺寸及分布。在这种复合形式中,纤维210是由在玻璃基质520中的钛酸铝区域510所组成的。玻璃基质可包覆纤维210,或如同上述,其可在重迭及相邻的纤维的节点处形成连结。
实施例
提供以下实施例进一步说明及帮助了解本发明。所述特定实施例是用以例示本发明,并非用以限制本发明。
在第一例示实施例中,使用约相等摩尔比的氧化铝纤维及二氧化钛粉末形式的前驱物,以形成钛酸铝多孔基材。以29.31重量%的氧化铝纤维、15.00重量%的二氧化钛粉末、25.94重量%的石墨粒子(-325网目等级)、6.38重量%的羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、作为烧结助剂的0.80重量%的碳酸镁、及31.92重量%的去离子水,制备可挤出的混合物。将所述材料混合成一可挤出的混合物并经由挤出形成1英时直径的蜂窝状基材。使用射频(RF)干燥器干燥基材,接着经由一黏合剂烧尽步骤在325℃下以氮气吹扫约1小时,以分解有机黏合剂,且在1000℃下以空气吹扫约4小时以烧尽石墨孔形成剂。之后,在1,550℃下烧结材料历时3小时,以形成多孔状钛酸铝基材。多孔状钛酸铝基材的x光绕射(XRD)分析显示为约88%钛酸铝的组成,并以包括莫来石、金红石(二氧化钛)及其它非晶质材料的组成平衡。孔隙度经测量为64.1%,具有约400psi的常温抗碎强度(cold crush strength)。
在第二例示实施例中,使用具有过量氧化铝的摩尔比的氧化铝纤维及二氧化钛粉末形式的前驱物,以形成一钛酸铝多孔基材。以20.58重量%的氧化铝纤维、12.35重量%的二氧化钛粉末、26.75重量%的石墨粒子(-325网目等级)、6.58重量%的羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、作为烧结助剂的0.82重量%的碳酸镁、及31.92重量%的去离子水,制备可挤出的混合物。将材料混合成一可挤出的混合物并经由挤出形成1英时直径的蜂窝状基材。使用射频(RF)干燥器干燥基材,接着经由一黏合剂烧尽步骤在325℃下以氮气吹扫约1小时,以分解有机黏合剂,且在1000℃下以空气吹扫约4小时,以烧尽石墨孔形成剂。之后,于1,550℃下烧结材料历时3小时,以形成多孔状钛酸铝基材。孔隙度经测量为55.6%,具有约905psi的常温抗碎强度。
在第三例示实施例中,使用莫来石纤维及二氧化钛粉末形式的前驱物,以形成一钛酸铝多孔基材。莫来石纤维为一在所述莫来石相(phase)中包括氧化铝及氧化硅的多晶体材料。以20.58重量%的莫来石纤维、11.52重量%的二氧化钛粉末、26.75重量%的石墨粒子(-325网目等级)、6.58重量%的羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、1.65重量%的碳酸锶粉末、及32.92重量%的去离子水,制备可挤出的混合物。将材料混合成一可挤出的混合物并经由挤出形成1英时直径的蜂窝状基材。使用射频(RF)干燥器干燥基材,接着经由一黏合剂烧尽步骤在325℃下以氮气吹扫约1小时以分解有机黏合剂,且在1000℃下以空气吹扫约4小时以烧尽石墨孔形成剂。之后,于1,400℃下烧结材料历时3小时,以形成多孔状钛酸铝基材。基材材料的x光绕射(XRD)分析显示为约66%钛酸铝、7%莫来石、5%金红石(二氧化钛)的组成,并以形成的非晶质结合基材平衡。孔隙度经测量为61.3%,具有约939psi的常温抗碎强度。在本实施例中,莫来石纤维作为在一使用二氧化钛前驱物的反应中形成钛酸铝的氧化铝前驱物。开放的孔的网络所造成的孔隙度是经由经挤出的胚体基材中的莫来石纤维的位置及位向所界定的,其在后续的固化步骤中会保留。
在第四例示实施例中,使用莫来石纤维及二氧化钛粉末形式的前驱物,以形成一钛酸铝多孔基材。以20.86重量%的莫来石粉末、11.90重量%的二氧化钛粉末、27.14重量%的石墨粒子(-325网目等级)、6.68重量%的羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、及33.40重量%的去离子水,制备可挤出的混合物。将材料混合成一可挤出的混合物并经由挤出形成1英时直径的蜂窝状基材。使用射频(RF)干燥器干燥基材,接着经由一黏合剂烧尽步骤在325℃下以氮气吹扫约1小时以所述有机黏合剂,且在1000℃下以空气吹扫约4小时以烧尽所述石墨孔形成剂。之候后,于1,500℃下烧结材料历时3小时,以形成多孔状钛酸铝基材。基材材料的x光绕射(XRD)分析显示为约66%钛酸铝、5%莫来石、9%二氧化钛的组合物成,并具有以平衡形成的一非晶质的结合基材平衡。孔隙度经测量为65.3%,具有约548psi的常温抗碎强度。开放的孔的网络所造成的孔隙度是经由经挤出的胚体基材中的莫来石纤维的位置及位向所界定的,其在后续的固化步骤中会保留。
再参照图3,可选择性地执行完结步骤390,以视所欲的应用而组态钛酸铝基材。完结步骤390可包括封堵(plugging)蜂窝状基材的其它胞室以将基材组态成一壁流式过滤器。此外,可视其所欲目的而将基材切割或研磨成一几何形状,例如一长方形或圆柱形截面。在一些应用中,使用一高温黏合材料以经由胶合多个片段而自一些小片段组装一大基材是理想的。此外,可施用一外皮或涂覆以获得一所欲的最终尺寸及表面条件。可将最终的钛酸铝基材插入一金属套筒中,或可在一排放控制装置中提供一外壳。熟习本技术领域的人士应可理解,可使用于具有钛酸铝组合物的高孔隙度蜂窝状基材的其它应用。
以上已详细描述本发明的例示性实施方案。在不背离本发明的精神及范围的情况下,可对本发明进行各种修饰与添加,且每一上述各种实施方案皆可与其它描述的实施态样结合,以提供多重特性。此外,虽然以上已描述本发明的一些单独实施方案的装置及方法,此处的描述仅用于说明本发明的应用原理。例如,当将钛酸铝前驱物及其它添加剂提供至所述混合物时,可形成各种包括钛酸铝的组合物及复合物。此外,可与此处所关注的混合物组成物一起考虑而进一步实现修饰干燥、黏合剂烧尽及/或烧结步骤。亦提供钛酸铝前驱物的相对量的变化,经烧结基材中的钛酸铝的相对量可广义地包括任何纤维钛酸铝复合蜂窝状结构,包括但不限于玻璃连结、玻璃陶瓷连结、及陶瓷连结的钛酸铝材料。因此,此处的描述只是用以作为例示,而非用以限制本发明的范围。
Claims (22)
1.一种纤维蜂巢状基材,包括:
一壁的蜂巢状数组,界定相邻壁间的通道;
所述壁包括一互相纠缠的纤维的基质,其形成一具有一孔的开放网络的多孔结构,所述多孔结构具有大于50%的孔隙度;以及
所述壁具有一包括钛酸铝的组合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基材,其特征在于,在毗邻的所述多个纤维间更包括一连结基质。
3.根据权利要求2所述的基材,其特征在于,所述连结基质包括玻璃、玻璃陶瓷、及陶瓷材料的至少一者。
4.根据权利要求2所述的基材,其特征在于,所述连结基质包括钛酸铝。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基材,其特征在于,所述壁具有一更包括莫来石的组合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的基材,其特征在于,所述壁更包括具有一钛酸铝及至少一种硅酸盐的复合组合物的纤维。
7.根据权利要求1所述的基材,其特征在于,所述壁更包括具有一钛酸铝及氧化锶的复合组合物的纤维。
8.根据权利要求1所述的基材,其特征在于,所述壁更包括具有一钛酸铝及氧化钡的复合组合物的纤维。
9.根据权利要求1所述的基材,其特征在于,所述壁更包括具有一钛酸铝及氧化钙的复合组合物的纤维。
10.根据权利要求1所述的基材,其特征在于,所述壁更包括具有一钛酸铝及氧化镁的复合组合物的纤维。
11.一种制造纤维基材的方法,所述方法包括:
混合包括氧化铝及二氧化钛的前驱物与添加剂及一流体,以提供一可挤出的混合物,所述前驱物及添加剂之至少一者包括一纤维;
挤出所述可挤出的混合物成一蜂巢状胚体基材;
移除所述流体及所述添加剂;以及
烧结所述蜂巢状胚体基材以形成一具有使用所述前驱物的钛酸铝组合物的多孔蜂巢状基材,所述多孔蜂巢状基材具有一通过所述纤维而界定的开放的孔的网络。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述包括氧化铝的前驱物是以约与所述包括二氧化钛的前驱物相同的相对摩尔比而提供。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述包括氧化铝的前驱物是以一大于所述包括二氧化钛的前驱物的相对摩尔比的相对摩尔比而提供。
14.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述包括氧化铝的前驱物是以一小于所述包括二氧化钛的前驱物的相对摩尔比的相对摩尔比而提供。
15.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述前驱物更包括二氧化硅、氧化锶、氧化钡、及氧化钙的至少一者。
16.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述包括氧化铝的前驱物包括氧化铝纤维。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,所述包括二氧化钛的前驱物包括二氧化钛纤维。
18.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述纤维包括约15体积%至50体积%。
19.一种经挤出的多孔蜂巢状基材,包括:
孔隙度约50%至约85%范围的孔隙度;以及
所述基材具有一由经连结的陶瓷纤维所形成的结构,所述经连结的陶瓷纤维具有一钛酸铝的组合物。
20.根据权利要求19所述的经挤出的多孔蜂巢状基材,其特征在于,所述经连结的陶瓷纤维更包括一包括玻璃、玻璃陶瓷、及陶瓷的至少一者的连结基质。
21.根据权利要求20所述的经挤出的多孔蜂巢状基材,其特征在于,所述连结基质更包括钛酸铝。
22.根据权利要求19所述的经挤出的多孔蜂巢状基材,其特征在于,所述组合物更包括一钛酸铝及二氧化硅、氧化锶、氧化钡、及氧化钙的至少一者的复合基质。
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CN102921238A (zh) * | 2012-11-16 | 2013-02-13 | 济南圣泉集团股份有限公司 | 用于过滤熔融金属的过滤器及其制造方法 |
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CN105960386A (zh) * | 2013-11-27 | 2016-09-21 | 康宁股份有限公司 | 用于改善的基材制造的组合物 |
CN105960386B (zh) * | 2013-11-27 | 2021-08-03 | 康宁股份有限公司 | 用于改善的基材制造的组合物 |
CN107973611A (zh) * | 2016-10-24 | 2018-05-01 | 波音公司 | 用于增材制造低密度、高孔隙度陶瓷零件的前体材料和生产其的方法 |
CN107973611B (zh) * | 2016-10-24 | 2022-07-29 | 波音公司 | 用于增材制造低密度、高孔隙度陶瓷零件的前体材料和生产其的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2384233A2 (en) | 2011-11-09 |
WO2010051292A2 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
US20090092786A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
ZA201102778B (en) | 2011-12-28 |
US7959704B2 (en) | 2011-06-14 |
WO2010051292A3 (en) | 2010-07-22 |
JP2012507464A (ja) | 2012-03-29 |
EP2384233A4 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
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