CN102195039B - 一种锂离子电池正极材料LiFe1-x(II)MxSO4F的熔盐离子热制备方法 - Google Patents

一种锂离子电池正极材料LiFe1-x(II)MxSO4F的熔盐离子热制备方法 Download PDF

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CN102195039B
CN102195039B CN201010122578.6A CN201010122578A CN102195039B CN 102195039 B CN102195039 B CN 102195039B CN 201010122578 A CN201010122578 A CN 201010122578A CN 102195039 B CN102195039 B CN 102195039B
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fused salt
anode material
mxso4f
battery anode
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CN102195039A (zh
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沈晓彦
唐琛明
陈东
缪卫东
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Jiangsu Haisida Power Supply Co ltd
Jiangsu New Power Battery & Material Engineering Technology Research Center Co ltd
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JIANGSU HIGHSTAR BATTERY MANUFACTURING Co Ltd
JIANGSU NEW POWER BATTERY AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTRAL Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种锂离子电池正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于将Fe、Co和Ni的一水硫酸盐中的一种或多种与LiF及NaNO3-NH4F·HF充分混合,在220℃~250℃下密闭熔融4~8h,熔体用乙醇水溶液洗涤,即得目标产物LiFe1-x(Ⅱ)MxSO4F,其中0≤X≤1,M为氧化态为II的过渡金属Ni离子或Co离子。该材料属三斜晶系,P-1空间群。按与LiCoO2材料同样的方法做成试验电池,测试其电化学性质,其平台电压为3.6V,0.1C充放电20次循环,平均容量为140~145mAh/g。

Description

一种锂离子电池正极材料LiFe1-x(II)MxSO4F的熔盐离子热制备方法
【技术领域】
本发明涉及可充电锂离子电池正极材料的熔盐离子热制备方法,该制备方法温和、环保,适合大规模生产。 
【背景技术】
锂离子电池商业化以来,经历了不断的改进和创造过程,作为其关键部分的正极材料更是如此:从LiCoO2到LiCoxNiyMnzO2(x+y+z=1)再到LiFePO4,这些材料各具特色,但也分别受到不同的限制。如资源、价格、环保、安全等,其中LiFePO4本身导电性差(电子离子迁移率低),必须使其纳米化或包覆碳才能实际使用,这就增加了工艺的复杂性和成本,更重要的是它还未最终解决安全性问题。 
2010年1月N.Recham等首次报道了新的锂离子电池正极材料LiFeSO4F(Nature Materials Vol.9Jan2010),他们用EMI-TESI(1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑啉双三氟甲基磺酰基亚胺做介质在300℃下用FeSO4·H2O和LiF合成出LiFeSO4F。该化合物其导电能力比LiFePO4高三个数量级,不须包覆碳,电化学容量达130~140mAh/g,循环可逆性极佳,但制备时采用的EMI-TESI价格昂贵。 
【发明内容】
本发明提供了一种锂离子电池正极材料的熔盐离子热制备方法,采用NaNO3和NH4F·HF组成的熔盐离子介质,在250℃以下就成功合成了电化学容量达145~150mAh/g的正极材料LiFe1-x(II)MxSO4F,其中0≤X≤1,M为氧化态为II的过渡金属Ni离子或Co离子。 
本发明提供的锂离子电池正极材料LiFe1-x(II)MxSO4F的熔盐离子热制备方法,实施过程有以下三个步骤: 
1、将FeSO4·7H2O和CoSO4·6H2O和NiSO4·6H2O在200℃分别真空脱水1h得一水硫酸盐,再将一水硫酸盐FeSO4·H2O、CoSO4·H2O和NiSO4·H2O按化学计量比与LiF混合,再与它们总质量1.5倍的NaNO3-NH4F·HF混合,碾匀。 
2、将固体混合物置于聚四氟乙烯衬里的不锈钢高压釜内密闭于220℃~250℃下4~8h。 
3、冷却反应产物混合物,先用质量百分比为50%~80%的乙醇水溶液洗涤,再用无水乙醇洗涤。 
本发明的优点是: 
1、选用无机熔盐离子介质体系简单、廉价。 
2、合成温度低,纯化容易,适宜大规模生产应用。 
【具体实施方式】
1、称1.70g FeSO4·H2O细粉、0.30g LiF细粉、2.00g NaNO3和1.00g NH4F·HF混合细粉,碾匀,置于聚四氟乙烯衬里的不锈钢高压釜内密封于烘箱内,250℃恒温8h,冷却熔体。用30mL质量百分比为50%~80%的乙醇水溶液洗三次,再用无水乙醇洗两次,产物经真空烘干得灰色粉末。XRD测试分析为三斜晶系,属P-1空间群,和N.Recham结果一致。其组成化学式为LiFeSO4F。 
2、称1.73g CoSO4·H2O细粉、0.30gLiF细粉、2.00g NaNO3和1.00g NH4F·HF混合细粉,碾匀,置于聚四氟乙烯衬里的不锈钢高压釜内密封于烘箱内250℃恒温8h,冷却熔体。用30mL质量百分比为50%~80%乙醇水溶液洗三次,再用无水乙醇洗两次,产物经真空烘干得红灰色粉末。 
3、称1.73g NiSO4·H2O细粉,如同实施例1、2的操作,得化学组成为LiNiSO4F的三斜晶系P-1空间群的物质。 
4、称1.36g FeSO4·H2O细粉和0.35g CoSO4·H2O细粉,代替1.70g FeSO4·H2O,再按实施例1步骤操作,得化学组成为LiFe0.8Co0.2SO4F的三斜晶系P-1空间群的物质。 
5、称1.36g FeSO4·H2O细粉和0.35g NiSO4细粉,代替1.70g FeSO4·H2O,按实施例1步骤操作,最后得其组成为LiFe0.8Ni0.2SO4F的灰色物质。 
6、称0.34g FeSO4·H2O掺入1.38g CoSO4·H2O,按实施例1步骤操作;称0.34g FeSO4·H2O掺入1.38gNiSO4·H2O,再按实施例1步骤操作,最后所得产物的化学式符合LiFe0.2M0.8SO4F,M为Co或Ni。 
7、称0.57g FeSO4·H2O、0.58g CoSO4·H2O和0.58g NiSO4·H2O混合代替1.70g FeSO4·H2O,再按实施例1步骤操作,结果得到LiFe1/3Co1/3Ni1/3SO4F的化合物,其XRD衍射花样与LiFeSO4F基本一致。所得材料作正极材料按质量比15%混入乙炔黑,用PVDF作粘接剂做成正极片,用金属锂片做负极片做成扣式电池,在新威电池测试系统按0.1C进行充放电,20次循环容量均大于145mAh/g。 

Claims (2)

1.一种锂离子电池正极材料的熔盐离子热制备方法,其特征在于将Fe、Co和Ni的一水硫酸盐中的一种或多种与LiF混合,再与它们总质量1.5倍以上的NaNO3-NH4F·HF复合熔盐充分混合,在220℃~250℃下密闭熔融4~8h,即可得目标产物LiFe1-x(II)MxSO4F,其中0≤X≤1,M为氧化态为II的过渡金属Ni离子或Co离子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所得含有目标产物的混合体系,先采用50%~80%的乙醇,再用无水乙醇溶液洗去杂质。
CN201010122578.6A 2010-03-12 2010-03-12 一种锂离子电池正极材料LiFe1-x(II)MxSO4F的熔盐离子热制备方法 Active CN102195039B (zh)

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CN104326512B (zh) * 2014-10-17 2016-04-13 金川集团股份有限公司 一种氟化镍的制备方法
CN107230779B (zh) * 2017-05-03 2021-02-19 武汉理工大学 一种高温稳定的相变型氟硫酸铁锂电池材料的制备方法及电极片与锂离子电池的使用方法
CN112542586B (zh) * 2020-12-07 2022-02-11 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 一种氟化硫酸铁锂正极材料的亚临界连续合成法

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Title
A 3.6V lithium-based fluorosulphate insertion positive electrode for lithium-ion batteries;N.Recham, et al.;《nature materials》;20091129;第9卷;第68页 *
N.Recham, et al..A 3.6V lithium-based fluorosulphate insertion positive electrode for lithium-ion batteries.《nature materials》.2009,第9卷第68页.
PrabeerBarpanda et al..Structure and electrochemical properties of novel mixed Li(Fe1-xMx)SO4F(M=Co
Structure and electrochemical properties of novel mixed Li(Fe1-xMx)SO4F(M=Co,Ni,Mn) phases fabricated by low temperature ionothermal synthesis;Prabeer Barpanda, et al.;《Journal or Materials Chemistry》;20100119;第20卷;摘要,第1660页右下栏至1661页左栏,第1662页右栏,第1663页右栏,附图5 *

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Patentee after: JIANGSU NEW POWER BATTERY & MATERIAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER CO.,LTD.

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