CN102189715A - 一种用于防渗透连接层叠的三层或两层织物的方法 - Google Patents

一种用于防渗透连接层叠的三层或两层织物的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102189715A
CN102189715A CN2011100325156A CN201110032515A CN102189715A CN 102189715 A CN102189715 A CN 102189715A CN 2011100325156 A CN2011100325156 A CN 2011100325156A CN 201110032515 A CN201110032515 A CN 201110032515A CN 102189715 A CN102189715 A CN 102189715A
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Prior art keywords
fabric
cutting
joint
textile
bonding film
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乔瓦尼·卡尔大比亚
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Macpi SpA
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Macpi SpA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1286—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment
    • B29C66/12861—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment comprising at least two bevelled joint-segments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5057—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/735—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7352—Thickness, e.g. very thin
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
    • D06M23/16—Processes for the non-uniform application of treating agents, e.g. one-sided treatment; Differential treatment
    • D06M23/18—Processes for the non-uniform application of treating agents, e.g. one-sided treatment; Differential treatment for the chemical treatment of borders of fabrics or knittings; for the thermal or chemical fixation of cuttings, seams or fibre ends
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Abstract

一种用于防渗透连接层叠的三层或两层织物的方法，该织物在其连接面上或者带有或者不带有复合结构，或者织物在其一面或两面上起绒，所述方法包括准备织物材料的准备步骤和粘结和密封步骤，所述织物准备步骤包括三个操作步骤：烧灼步骤，切削步骤和涂敷粘合剂步骤。

Description

一种用于防渗透连接层叠的三层或两层织物的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防渗性连接叠层织物的方法，该叠层织物具有内膜和连接面上的复合结构，或者所谓的羊绒面(fleece-pile side)，或者起绒织物，即所谓的单/双面羊绒织物。
背景技术
已知并且广泛采用隔膜层片或表层对纺织材料进行涂层或层压而制成复合纺织品以提供防渗透织物。
所述纺织品被称为叠层织物，且通常用于制作防护性服装或者其他防渗透纺织品。
该叠层织物包括两层或更多层，至少其中一层由隔膜层组成。
图1示出为三层的叠层织物，即所谓的柔软面料，该面料是最常用的一种面料，包括外层面料1，隔膜层2和复合纺织结构3，即所谓的羊绒结构构成的内层。
面料1可以是不同类型的平面织物，或者包含有或者不包含有复合纺织材料。
隔膜2是合成材料膜，可沿着一个方向蒸发液体(由内侧向外侧)，而防止液体沿着相反的方向渗透。
术语“纺织结构”，即内层3或羊绒层，是各种加工过的纺织品(通过修整，冲口，起垄或者起绒等操作加工过的纺织品)，或者包括机织或非织造材料，针织，磨毛，起绒，粗梳等材料的单纤维结构。
叠层织物目前被用于生产服装，涂层产品或衬里产品以及其他防渗制品，其具有可蒸发的(transpirable)性能。
上述产品被称为柔软面料产品，由于他们包括弹性和柔性的接头，复合纺织材料具有耐用的外层和柔软的里层，从而提供所需的触感，可穿着性和舒适性能。
上述产品依照惯例需要通过非常复杂的处理操作和方法来获得，涉及材料的移除和胶粘带的应用。
市面上公知的叠层织物产品可防止外部液体的渗透，只因为可由内向外蒸发液体。
而且已知在纺织品行业，特别是服装行业，必须使用可靠的有效的廉价的方法来将上述叠层纺织材料的两或多“片”或者匹(pieces)连接起来以提供复合结构形成连接的受约束的或者缝合的结合，且具有良好的防渗透性，弹性和柔软性能。
另一方面，很难在包括两层，三层或者更多织物层的叠层织物上制作防渗透连接，该织物层的内层具有复合织物结构。
上述提到的困难是由多种因素造成的。
首先，液体由于灯芯效应或毛细管效应而进入上述纺织材料。
而且，由于必须在密封区域提供专有的完全浸渍，不可能通过在所述纺织材料的外面涂敷液态的或者非液态的胶黏物质来阻止液体渗入纺织材料中。
这种操作是非常困难的，且会使得纺织品具有不能被接受的刚度。
实际上，用于纺织层的各纱线通常包括多根细丝，正如图2所示，其间的缝隙不可能通过传统的密封的方法进行密封，包括通过灯芯效应，毛细管效应或渗透作用而吸收液体。
实际上，现有的密封方法包括三个不同的处理步骤，由准备织物材料，连接织物材料以及密封所形成的接头而组成。
在织物准备步骤中，考虑到上面所公开的关于液体穿过纺织纤维的通道，因而必须移除复合纺织材料在密封区域的内层，直到防护隔层表面，该表面由防渗透部分构成。
图3示出为通过不同的修剪机或剪切机和砂光机及其方法进行的修剪或剪切操作。
为了将织物匹连接起来，在准备好上述织物片后，所述织物片通过缝合，超声，高频等连接方法进行连接，而在接头面，露出防渗透的防护性隔层部分。
在将织物片连接起来之后，还必须通过胶带机将其密封，该机器将防渗透的胶布或胶带热敷在接头区域面上留下的防护性隔层部分上，从而提供具 有良好防渗透特性的密封接头。
图4示出为通过折叠接缝形成的接头。
图5示出为通过单一接缝形成的所述接头。
图6示出为通过超声或高频切削操作形成的接头。
在所述图4-图6中，该附图标记1示出为外部面料，2为防护性隔层，3为复合内织物层而4为防渗透胶布或胶带。
此处清晰示出了，通过将胶布适当地粘合到无覆盖物的防渗透的防护性隔层上而实现密封。
上述连接和密封方法是最常用的，在叠层的两层或三层织物上用于提供防渗透接头，必须通过三个步骤来实现，即准备，连接和密封步骤，每个步骤必须通过单一的操作或者多个操作来实现。
特别的，修剪操作是非常复杂的，因为在这个处理步骤中，该隔膜层很容易被破坏或者露出部分纺织纤维，使得最终的接头很厚，对织物的弹性和柔软性造成不利影响。
另外，上述连接方法进一步包括额外的在接缝接头处的该织物上穿孔的步骤，通过使用纺线或者纱线进行进一步密封。
而且，必须使用不同的机器和其他材料，例如纱线，防渗透胶粘带，这都会引起织物厚度，刚度和接头成本的不良增加。
发明内容
因此，本发明旨在提供一种有效且廉价的在叠层的两层或者三层织物上形成防渗透接头的方法，该织物在内连接面上具有复合纺织结构。
在上述目的的范围内，本发明的一个主要的目标是提供仅通过封闭或粘结操作形成的上述的连接结构，而不需要修剪，移除材料，胶带操作和超声或高频接缝操作。
本发明的另一个目标是以一种廉价而安全的方式提供防护性或者非防护性服装和制品，例如鞋，技术和装饰设备，提供具有良好的防渗透，触感和可穿着性性能以及低厚度的外形优美的制品。
本发明的另一个目标是基于特定的结构设计特征而提供在操作中可靠安全的这种织物结构。
根据本发明的一个方面，上述提到的目的和目标以及其他目标将通过下 文的描述而更为明显，通过本发明的防渗透接头的形成方法来实现，特别用于在连接面上具有复合结构的叠层的三层织物，即所谓的柔软面料，或者叠层的两层织物，即所谓的坚硬面料，或者一面或双面起绒，即所谓的单/双面羊绒织物材料。
附图说明
通过接下来对优选的但非独占性的本发明的实施例的描述，本发明的其他特征和优点将更为明显，该实施例通过所附附图中的例子进行阐述，但不用以限制，其中：
图1是叠层的三层织物的横截面视图；
图2示出为包括多根细丝的纱线；
图3示出为修剪或材料移除操作；
图4示出为通过折叠接缝和胶带连接操作形成的接头；
图5示出为通过简单接缝和胶带操作形成的接头；
图6示出为通过超声或高频切削和胶带操作形成的接头；
图7示出了根据本发明的烧灼步骤(图7a在右边而图7b在织物的背面)；
图8示出了根据本发明的倾斜的切削步骤(图8a在织物的右边而图8b在织物的背面或反面)；
图9示出了根据本发明用于涂敷粘合材料的进一步操作步骤(图9a在织物的右边，图9b在织物的背面，图9c在伸出的粘合材料的织物的背面)；
图10示出为根据本发明的密封或粘结组装操作步骤；及
图11示出为通过粘结成型的组装操作步骤，且进一步示出了根据本发明的伸出的粘合材料。
具体实施方式
引用上述附图中的数字标记，根据本发明的用于形成连接的连接或密封方法仅包括两个操作步骤，即用于准备织物材料的准备步骤和密封连接步骤，而不需要采用纱线型的其他材料或在织物的外面以可视的方式敷上胶布。
本发明的方法能够有效制造防渗透的防护性服装和多数其他纺织品，其具有通过现有的制造方法无法获得的技术规格。
织物准备步骤包括三个操作或处理子步骤，即烧灼步骤，切削步骤和涂 敷粘合剂步骤。
上述三个步骤可以通过特定的机器以单程和相继的方式完成所有的所述三个步骤。
所述机器的布局和工作方式与缝合机或包装机类似，在小空间内相继完成该三步操作步骤。
如图7所示的烧灼步骤是第一步处理步骤，且设置为通过一个或多个过热的空气喷射进行局部处理而改变纺织结构表面，该空气喷射的温度为200℃-350℃，而压力为1.5-2.5巴(bars)。
该热处理步骤可以在复合的叠层的双层或三层织物上进行，或者在单面上，或者在双面上，或者在具有包括平滑和起绒区域的表面的织物层上，或者伸出的模式。
在第一种情况下，如图7所示的烧灼步骤通过将纤维形成为可塑的状态，并弄平且通过吸出来部分移除而完全改变纤维结构表面。
在第二种情况下(织物)，在织物表面应用绒毛或羊绒以提供平滑和紧实的织物材料。
在这个操作步骤中，该过热空气喷射通过所使用的温度、流速和压力仅冲击所涉及的区域而烧灼待处理的织物表面。
所述烧灼步骤改变和压实织物层以准备用于粘结/密封操作，该处理后的织物表面防止液体渗透，因此不能采用低机械强度的细丝来涂敷粘合剂，而是形成具有良好机械抗撕强度的强韧的表面。
所述烧灼步骤进一步降低了织物的厚度，这对于起绒或羊绒织物来说是非常有用的，由于它极大地改善了织物的触感和穿着性能。
如图8所示的切削步骤在该烧灼步骤之后立即进行，且在织物上倾斜切削，该倾斜在织物上要么由内向外延伸，要么由外向内延伸，且或者在坯布上进行或者在已烧灼的织物上进行。
特别的，该切削操作可在任何所需的织物材料上进行，例如层叠、皮革、人造革，宇航(sky)材料。
通过适当调节切削机器，该切削步骤可以调整为适合不同织物厚度，同时在20-45度之间改变切削角及其切削长度。
由上可知，根据织物厚度和切削角度，以改进的正交切割的方式，通过形成倾斜切削，单层或多层的表面将暴露于外部。
倾斜切削的另一个作用是消除形成正交切削接头的复合步骤，从而提供具有改进的穿着性和触感性能的织物接头。
在涂敷粘合材料的步骤中，该机器在织物上涂敷由纸或塑料支架支撑的粘合膜。
这种应用必须保证位置精确，且热成型温度在120-160℃之间，使得粘合膜转移到织物上，且所述粘合膜不起皮(molting)。
特别的，该粘合膜的厚度介于80-200μm之间，而宽度介于8-20mm之间，且根据所进行的切削，可在任何位置和尺寸上，或者涂敷在织物的右侧或者背面，同时涂敷在坯布上和已烧灼过的织物上。
正如图9a和9b所示，该粘合材料或者仅设置在切削处或者延伸出0-5mm，同时在切削处的内部和外部(如图9c)。
就此而论，应该指出，具有不同特性、组成成分和厚度的各种粘合膜可适合于所需的织物和需求，例如已知的着色的折射的和定制的膜都可以使用。
正如所述，准备织物的步骤包括三步：烧灼(步骤A)，切削(步骤B)，涂敷粘合剂(步骤C)。
如果需要的话，可以随意省略任何一个或两个处理步骤，从而提供如下操作步骤组合：A-B-C-AB-AC-BC-ABC。
而且，通过改变切削角度可调节操作步骤以适合于不同的织物类型和厚度，此外，可选用具有合适大小的所需膜在所需的位置处，且使得所述膜从所述织物伸出。
所有的上述提到的操作步骤都可通过织物处理机器依次和单程进行，该上述的三个操作步骤的处理速度为1-3米/分钟。
而且，在更详细地公开本发明形成的接头之前，下面将简要介绍织物的物理-机械-外观特征，以及烧灼，倾斜切削和涂敷粘合剂的步骤。
对于所有的织物材料，可以完全或者部分采用该上述步骤，如果需要的话，也可用于其他材料，但是，特别的，它们优选为可解决织物材料的不渗透或非不渗透接头的问题，该织物材料具有一个或者两个包括起绒模式的外表面，特别是羊绒，粗梳，丝绒，非机织，大块织物材料等。
该上述提到的织物可以是层叠的2/3层织物，或者具有隔膜或者用于防止液体渗透的膜，或者不具有防渗透的隔膜。
如果粘合连接上述两种情况，就会得到很差的机械密封性能，因为粘合 材料将影响织物表面层，该层是起绒层，因此该接头的机械强度仅取决于纤维强度的下表面而不是粘合接口区域。
而且，如上所述，在防渗透连接操作中，该起绒层将通过灯芯和毛细管效应来运输液体。
如上所述，本发明包括一个有利的烧灼步骤，通过热处理形成可塑状态且烧灼织物纤维以形成起绒织物外层，且通过适当控制气流速率，速度和温度而分离且移除烧灼残留物。
通过该处理，织物纤维完全改变它们的结构且在移除的同时降低织物厚度，从而提供用于粘合连接操作的强韧的表面，防止液体通过并提供高的撕扯强度。
根据本发明的倾斜切削可调整织物的偏向和织物形成纱线，而且允许适当地连接和密封粘合接头，同时提供改善的触感和穿着性能。
因此，本发明的防渗透接头为防止烧灼纤维提供对头封接，如图10和图11所示，示出为具有对头封接部分的斜切接头。
正如所述，在准备织物时，粘合膜热敷于所述织物上以将所述粘合膜从其支撑物上转移到织物上，该粘合膜不起皮，该粘合连接的方法或者通过连续的粘合涂敷机器进行，或者通过已知的包装机或传送机进行，该接头的承载温度在120℃-180℃，压力为0.2-0.5kg/cm2，作用时间为5-15S。
正如所述，通过本发明的方法，可将传统的织物与工艺多层织物连接起来，所述传统的织物在一面或两面上起绒(单/双面羊绒织物)，所述多层织物为具有防护膜(柔软-坚硬面料)的织物材料。
在第一种情况下可以获得最小厚度和非常柔软的接头，在第二种情况下接头除了具有上述特性以外，还具有防止液体渗透的特性，而不需要使用密封纱线和胶带。
已经证实本发明完全达到了所预期的目的和目标。
事实上，本发明提供一种新型的改进的和简单的用于形成在两层或多层织物片之间的防渗透的可靠密封接头的方法，所述织物片具有复合织物结构(柔软/坚硬面料)。
本发明的方法进一步使得连接传统起绒织物(驼绒，起绒，丝绒，单/双面羊绒)而提供小厚度的无缝接头。
特别的，本发明实现了在双层或三层织物上实用和经济形成防渗透接头 的目标，该织物在其接头面具有复合织物结构，该接头通过非常简单而迅速的密封或粘结操作来完成，而不需要移除材料，修剪，胶带，缝纫和超声或高频密封操作。
正如所述，本发明能够以一种廉价和安全的方式制造防护性服装或者非防护性的服装，例如鞋，技术和装饰设备，从而提供外观上漂亮的制品，具有良好的触感和穿着特性，防渗透特征和最小的厚度。
在本发明的实践中所使用的材料，以及尺寸和形状都可以根据需要任意选择。

Claims (10)

1.一种防渗透性连接层叠的三层或两层织物的方法，该织物在其连接面上或者带有或者不带有复合结构，或者织物在其一面或两面上起绒，其特征在于，所述方法包括准备织物材料的步骤和通过粘结和密封将所述准备好的织物材料进行连接的步骤，所述织物准备步骤包括三个操作步骤：织物烧灼步骤，织物切削步骤和涂敷粘合剂步骤。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述烧灼步骤通过过热空气喷射局部处理而改变织物表面的纺织结构，所述烧灼步骤在复合叠层的双层或三层带有绒或不带有绒的织物上进行，或者在一面或两面起绒的起绒织物的织物层上进行，所述烧灼步骤通过使织物纤维可塑性平整和部分移除状态而完全改变表面织物结构，该表面绒被移除从而提供平滑和紧实的织物材料，在所述烧灼步骤中，一个或多个过热空气以烧灼温度和压力喷射仅作用于织物区域，该烧灼步骤不影响织物内层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述切削步骤在所述烧灼步骤后立即进行，包括形成可调整的或者从织物内部向织物外部延伸或从织物外部向织物内部延伸的织物倾斜切削，所述切削或者在坯布或者在已烧灼织物上进行，所述织物包括层叠，皮革，人造革，宇航织物材料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述涂敷粘合剂的步骤包括将通过纸或塑料支架支撑的粘合膜涂敷在所述织物上，所述粘合膜热到使得所述粘合膜被转移到所述织物上而不起皮，所述粘合膜被设置于所述织物的右侧或者背面，所述织物或者是坯布或者是已经烧灼的织物，所述粘合膜仅设置于所述倾斜切削处或同时在伸出的所述倾斜切削的内部和外部。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述三个步骤单程相继进行。
6.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述粘合膜是单一密封粘合膜。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括一个热密封步骤。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法在层叠的双层或三层的柔软/坚硬面料上提供防渗透接头，而不需要移除织物材料，修剪，缝纫和超声及胶带操作。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法提供在其一面或者两面上起绒的单/双面羊绒织物，而不需要缝纫操作。 
10.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法提供具有至少一个斜切的最小厚度的接头的纺织品。 
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