CN102177808B - Induction method for blooming and fructification of early-maturing potatoes in short-day area - Google Patents
Induction method for blooming and fructification of early-maturing potatoes in short-day area Download PDFInfo
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- CN102177808B CN102177808B CN2011100786858A CN201110078685A CN102177808B CN 102177808 B CN102177808 B CN 102177808B CN 2011100786858 A CN2011100786858 A CN 2011100786858A CN 201110078685 A CN201110078685 A CN 201110078685A CN 102177808 B CN102177808 B CN 102177808B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an induction method for the blooming and fructification of early-maturing potatoes in a short-day area, which comprises the following steps of: sowing potato seeds from 15th to 20th in March, fertilizing, covering soil, covering straw, and inserting rods after potatoes germinate; with the growth of the potatoes, binding potato seedlings on the rods, so that the potato seedlings are irradiated for 16 to 20 hours every day after the potatoes germinate; after the early-maturing potatoes bud, spraying 80 to 100 grams of nutrient solution per mu for two to three times, and spraying once at intervals of 4 to 6 days; and after the tuberization of the potatoes, turning the straw over at intervals of 2 to 4 days to remove potato blocks, covering the straw again, and harvesting after the potatoes bloom and fructify. Compared with the prior art, by the method, the blooming rate of the early-maturing potatoes in the short-day area is 60 percent, the fructification rate is 30 percent, the preparation of the hybridized combination of early-maturing varieties is more convenient, and the breeding of new varieties of the early-maturing potatoes is promoted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to precocious potato breeding method, particularly relate to the precocious potato in a kind of short-day regions abductive approach that blossoms and bears fruit.
Background technology
Precocious potato is short because of its breeding time, helps making full use of light and heat condition and soil resource, and advantages such as the bright potato of potato market are seized in listing ahead of time, become the first-selected kind in most of potato plantings district.Precocious potato breeding for quality has only precocious usually and the hybridization of mid-early maturity parental breed could obtain precocious potato kind down.Because early-maturing variety is short breeding time, a lot of precocious parents can not accomplish the process of blossoming and bearing fruit, and potato is main with vegetative propagation always in addition, and its sexual reproduction is extremely degenerated, so preparation early-maturing variety hybrid combination difficulty is big.Particularly precocious potato seldom blooms and is all shaky in the short-day regions, causes precocious potato breeding work to lag behind, and has influenced precocious potato breeding of new variety.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome that prior art mid-early maturity potato seldom blooms and all acarpous defective; The precocious potato in a kind of short-day regions abductive approach that blossoms and bears fruit is provided; Improve the rate of blossoming and bearing fruit of precocious potato; With the hybrid combination of convenient preparation early-maturing variety, promote the breeding of new variety of precocious potato.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The precocious potato in the short-day regions of the present invention abductive approach that blossoms and bears fruit: between 15 to 20 March, sowed potato seed, fertilising then, blinding, lid straw, the potato back inserted link of emerging is along with the growth of potato; The potato set bondage to bar, after emerging, is guaranteed potato set illumination every day 16～20 hours; After treating that precocious potato buddings, mu sprays 80～100g nutrient solution, whenever sprays 1 time at a distance from 4～6 days; Spray altogether 2～3 times, after the potato knot potato, every straw that opened at a distance from 2～4 days is removed the potato piece and is built straw again; Results after blossoming and bearing fruit, wherein, said nutrient solution is made up of following substances in parts by weight:
60～68 parts in 18～22 parts of boraxs, 4～6 parts in zinc sulphate, 8～12 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 0.5～1.5 part of gibberellin and water.
In the said method, the sowing line-spacing of said potato seed is that 60～80cm, spacing in the rows are 25～35cm.
The precocious potato in the aforementioned short-day regions abductive approach that blossoms and bears fruit, potato seed is after planting used the fertilizer 2000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, urea 15kg, potash fertilizer 25kg, phosphate fertilizer 5kg for every mu.After potato emerged, per 15～25 ㎡ established 1 greenhouse special lamp, guaranteed potato set illumination every day 16～20 hours.
Preferably, used nutrient solution is made up of following substances in parts by weight in the preceding method: 62～66 parts in 19～21 parts of boraxs, 4～6 parts in zinc sulphate, 9～11 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 0.8～1.2 part of gibberellin and water.
Detailed, preceding method is: between 15 to 20 March, line-spacing 70cm, spacing in the rows 30cm sowing are pressed in potato seed, use the fertilizer 2000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, urea 15kg, potash fertilizer 25kg, phosphate fertilizer 5kg for every mu then; Plant, cover fertilizer with the fine earth lid, the thick straw of lid 10～15cm is after potato emerges, near the potato inserted link; Along with the growth of potato, to bar, after emerging, per 20 ㎡ establish 1 greenhouse special sunlight lamp with the potato set bondage; Guarantee potato set illumination every day 18 hours, treat that precocious potato buddings after, mu sprays 80～100g nutrient solution, the nutrient solution dilute with water sprays for 500～1500 times; Whenever sprayed 1 time at a distance from 5 days, spray altogether 2～3 times, after the potato knot potato, every straw that opened at a distance from 3 days is removed the potato piece and is built straw again; Results after blossoming and bearing fruit, wherein, said nutrient solution is made up of following substances in parts by weight:
64 parts in 20 parts of boraxs, 5 parts in zinc sulphate, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 1 part of gibberellin and water.
Compared with prior art, the present invention helps the reproductive growth of precocious potato like this than conventional seed planting time retardation 10～15 days; And after emerging, establish greenhouse special sunlight lamp; Promoted the growth of potato set, after buddingging, the nutrient solution that sprays helps generating plant and becomes peanut reason signal (gibberellin); The rigidity that increases potato haulm is blossomed and beared fruit to be used for support; Remove the potato piece and then better promote the sexual propagation of potato it to be blossomed and beared fruit, adopt the inventive method can guarantee that the precocious potato flowering rate in short-day regions reaches 60%, ripening rate reaches 30%; Make the hybrid combination of preparation early-maturing variety convenient, promoted the breeding of new variety of precocious potato.
Instance one: the blossom and bear fruit same field comparative trial of situation of precocious potato
The test place: the academy of agricultural sciences, Guizhou Province experimental field.
Potato kind: Favorita (precocity is about 65 days breeding times).
Method: establish 2 and handle late sowing, the sowing time is respectively on March 19th, 2009 and on March 25th, 2009, and conventional seed planting is pressed in contrast, and the sowing time is respectively on March 4th, 2009 and on March 10th, 2009.Line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, other management is undertaken by the inventive method.Investigate the precocious potato situation of blossoming and bearing fruit, the result sees table 1:
Table 1: situation that Favorita is handled and contrast is blossomed and beared fruit
Embodiment
Specify technical scheme of the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
(1) sowing: select precocious seed potato, sowing after the soil rotary tillage is smooth, is placed in Tu Mianshang with potato seed by line-spacing 70cm, spacing in the rows 30cm between March 15 to the March 20 in every year.This sowing time than conventional seed planting time retardation 10～15 days, help the reproductive growth of precocious potato like this.
(2) fertilising: after planting, mu is used 2000 kilograms of the fertilizers that become thoroughly decomposed, 15 kilograms in urea, 25 kilograms in potash fertilizer, 5 kilograms in phosphate fertilizer.
(3) straw culture underglass: the fertilising back plants, covers fertile with the fine earth lid, cover the thick straw of 10～15cm then equably, on straw, avoids light leak and wind to blow away straw with the even dispenser of other earth.
(4) inserted link: after potato emerges, insert ground with the bamboo pole of diameter 5cm, high 1.5m near potato, and seedling is strapped on the bar, later on along with potato growth, bondage 3～4 times with cord.
(5) light filling: after potato emerged, per 20 ㎡ established 1 greenhouse special sunlight lamp, guaranteed potato set illumination every day 18 hours.
(6) spray nutritious liquor: after precocious potato buddings; The nutrient solution dilution is sprayed for 800 times; Whenever sprayed 1 time at a distance from 5 days, spray altogether 2～3 times, nutrient solution is made up of following weight portion material: 20 parts of boraxs, 5 parts in zinc sulphate, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 1 part of gibberellin, 64 parts in water.
(7) remove potato: after the potato knot potato, every straw that will open at a distance from 3 days is removed the potato piece and is built straw again with scissors, promotes potato sexual reproduction, improves the potato ripening rate.
Embodiment 2:
(1) sowing: select precocious seed potato, sowing after the soil rotary tillage is smooth, is placed in Tu Mianshang with potato seed by line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 35cm between March 15 to the March 20 in every year.This sowing time than conventional seed planting time retardation 10～15 days, help the reproductive growth of precocious potato like this.
(2) fertilising: after planting, mu is used 2000 kilograms of the fertilizers that become thoroughly decomposed, 15 kilograms in urea, 25 kilograms in potash fertilizer, 5 kilograms in phosphate fertilizer.
(3) straw culture underglass: the fertilising back plants, covers fertile with the fine earth lid, cover the thick straw of 10～15cm then equably, on straw, avoids light leak and wind to blow away straw with the even dispenser of other earth.
(4) inserted link: after potato emerges, insert ground with the bamboo pole of diameter 5cm, high 1.5m near potato, and seedling is strapped on the bar, later on along with potato growth, bondage 3～4 times with cord.
(5) light filling: after potato emerged, per 15 ㎡ established 1 greenhouse special sunlight lamp, guaranteed potato set illumination every day 16 hours.
(6) spray nutritious liquor: after precocious potato buddings; The nutrient solution dilution is sprayed for 1000 times; Whenever sprayed 1 time at a distance from 6 days, spray altogether 2～3 times, nutrient solution is made up of following weight portion material: 18 parts of boraxs, 6 parts in zinc sulphate, 8 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 1.5 parts of gibberellin, 68 parts in water.
(7) remove potato: after the potato knot potato, every straw that will open at a distance from 3 days is removed the potato piece and is built straw again with scissors, promotes potato sexual reproduction, improves the potato ripening rate.
Embodiment 3:
(1) sowing: select precocious seed potato, sowing after the soil rotary tillage is smooth, is placed in Tu Mianshang with potato seed by line-spacing 80cm, spacing in the rows 25cm between March 15 to the March 20 in every year.This sowing time than conventional seed planting time retardation 10～15 days, help the reproductive growth of precocious potato like this.
(2) fertilising: after planting, mu is used 2000 kilograms of the fertilizers that become thoroughly decomposed, 15 kilograms in urea, 25 kilograms in potash fertilizer, 5 kilograms in phosphate fertilizer.
(3) straw culture underglass: the fertilising back plants, covers fertile with the fine earth lid, cover the thick straw of 10～15cm then equably, on straw, avoids light leak and wind to blow away straw with the even dispenser of other earth.
(4) inserted link: after potato emerges, insert ground with the bamboo pole of diameter 5cm, high 1.5m near potato, and seedling is strapped on the bar, later on along with potato growth, bondage 3～4 times with cord.
(5) light filling: after potato emerged, per 25 ㎡ established 1 greenhouse special sunlight lamp, guaranteed potato set illumination every day 20 hours.
(6) spray nutritious liquor: after precocious potato buddings; The nutrient solution dilution is sprayed for 1500 times; Whenever sprayed 1 time at a distance from 5 days, spray altogether 2～3 times, nutrient solution is made up of following weight portion material: 22 parts of boraxs, 4 parts in zinc sulphate, 12 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 0.5 part of gibberellin, 60 parts in water.
(7) remove potato: after the potato knot potato, every straw that will open at a distance from 3 days is removed the potato piece and is built straw again with scissors, promotes potato sexual reproduction, improves the potato ripening rate.
Claims (6)
1. the precocious potato in the short-day regions abductive approach that blossoms and bears fruit is characterized in that: between 15 to 20 March, sowed potato seed, fertilising then, blinding, lid straw; Potato emerge the back inserted link, along with the growth of potato, with the potato set bondage to bar; After emerging, guarantee potato set illumination every day 16～20 hours, treat that precocious potato buddings after; Mu sprays 80～100g nutrient solution, and nutrient solution dilute with water 500-1500 doubly sprays, and whenever sprays 1 time at a distance from 4～6 days; Spray altogether 2～3 times, after the potato knot potato, every straw that opened at a distance from 2～4 days is removed the potato piece and is built straw again; Results after blossoming and bearing fruit, wherein, said nutrient solution is made up of following substances in parts by weight:
60～68 parts in 18～22 parts of boraxs, 4～6 parts in zinc sulphate, 8～12 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 0.5～1.5 part of gibberellin and water.
2. according to the precocious potato in the said short-day regions of claim 1 abductive approach that blossoms and bears fruit, it is characterized in that: the sowing line-spacing of said potato seed is that 60～80cm, spacing in the rows are 25～35cm.
3. according to the precocious potato in the said short-day regions of claim 1 abductive approach that blossoms and bears fruit, it is characterized in that: potato seed is after planting used the fertilizer 2000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, urea 15kg, potash fertilizer 25kg, phosphate fertilizer 5kg for every mu.
4. according to the precocious potato in the said short-day regions of claim 1 abductive approach that blossoms and bears fruit, it is characterized in that: after potato emerged, per 15～25 ㎡ established 1 greenhouse special sunlight lamp, guaranteed potato set illumination every day 16～20 hours.
5. according to the precocious potato in the said short-day regions of claim 1 abductive approach that blossoms and bears fruit, it is characterized in that: said nutrient solution is made up of following substances in parts by weight: 62～66 parts in 19～21 parts of boraxs, 4～6 parts in zinc sulphate, 9～11 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 0.8～1.2 part of gibberellin and water.
6. according to the precocious potato in the arbitrary said short-day regions of claim 1 to 5 abductive approach that blossoms and bears fruit, it is characterized in that: between 15 to 20 March, with potato seed press line-spacing 70cm, spacing in the rows 30cm sows, and uses the fertilizer 2000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, urea 15kg, potash fertilizer 25kg, phosphate fertilizer 5kg for every mu then; Plant, cover fertilizer with the fine earth lid, the thick straw of lid 10～15cm is after potato emerges, near the potato inserted link; Along with the growth of potato, with the potato set bondage to bar, after emerging; Per 20 ㎡ establish 1 greenhouse special sunlight lamp, guarantee potato set illumination every day 18 hours, treat that precocious potato buddings after; Mu sprays 80～100g nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution dilute with water sprays for 500～1500 times, whenever sprays 1 time at a distance from 5 days; Spray altogether 2～3 times, after the potato knot potato, every straw that opened at a distance from 3 days is removed the potato piece and is built straw again; Results after blossoming and bearing fruit, wherein, said nutrient solution is made up of following substances in parts by weight:
64 parts in 20 parts of boraxs, 5 parts in zinc sulphate, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 1 part of gibberellin and water.
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| CN106134687A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2016-11-23 | 蒲建刚 | Two seasons breeding Early cropping potato potato seed new technique |
| CN105493827A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-04-20 | 松桃苗族自治县农业技术服务中心站 | Wide-row and dense-nest cultivation method for potatoes |
| CN106134694A (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2016-11-23 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi avoids the pathogenetic implantation methods of late blight |
| CN110692471B (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2021-08-20 | 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Cultivation management method for seed production of early-spring potato seeds |
| CN113632705B (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2023-03-17 | 玉溪市农业科学院 | Efficient cultivation method for potatoes in open field in winter and spring in southwest region |
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