CN102171383B - 内燃机中的滑动构件,特别是一种活塞环 - Google Patents

内燃机中的滑动构件,特别是一种活塞环 Download PDF

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CN102171383B
CN102171383B CN200980139177.7A CN200980139177A CN102171383B CN 102171383 B CN102171383 B CN 102171383B CN 200980139177 A CN200980139177 A CN 200980139177A CN 102171383 B CN102171383 B CN 102171383B
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曼弗雷德·菲舍尔
斯特芬·霍佩
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Abstract

一种内燃机中的滑动构件，其具有从外到内具有下述各层的涂层：第一碳基层；第二碳基层，其比所述第一碳基层更硬和/或具有更小比例的氢；PVD层和粘合层。

Description

内燃机中的滑动构件,特别是一种活塞环
技术领域
本发明涉及一种内燃机中的滑动构件，特别是一种活塞环。
内燃机的燃料消耗量、并且因此其CO2排放量在很大程度上取决于发动机中的摩擦损失。在这种情形中，大部分的摩擦损失发生在活塞组件上，特别是发生在活塞环上。在这个方面，在内燃机领域中致力于将内燃机中的每个滑动构件，即活塞、活塞环和气缸套构建为低摩擦的。同样理想的是为上述构件设计良好的磨合表现以及在发动机的整个使用期限内实现相对低的摩擦。
背景技术
DE 10 2005 063 123 B3公开了一种滑动构件，其具有磨损层和磨合层并且优选地还具有位于上述磨损层和磨合层之间的中间金属层。
发明内容
本发明的目的是设计一种用于内燃机的滑动构件，特别是一种活塞环，其兼具有利的磨合表现和持久的低摩擦系数。
这个目的是通过权利要求1的主题来实现的。
因此，提出了一种内燃机中的滑动构件，诸如活塞、气缸套等，但是特别是一种活塞环，其具有涂层，所述涂层从外到内至少具有下述各层：第一碳基层、第二碳基层、PVD层和粘合层，上述第二碳基层比上述第一碳基层更硬和/或具有更小比例的氢。
特别是当与第二碳基层相比时，最外层的第一碳基层相对柔软，但是具有有利的摩擦表现。在一个有益的方式中，与已知的DLC(类金刚石薄膜)层相比第一碳基层还具有增强的耐磨性。这些优势可以借助于特别适当的沉积过程和参数来实现。在一个有益的方式中，可以从根本上对所描述的最外层碳基层进行改进以实现良好的磨合表现，也就是说使活塞环与例如气缸套的磨合优化。
在一个有益的方式中，位于第一碳基层下方的第二碳基层实现了两个碳基层与邻接的PVD层的良好连接和粘合。碳基层中的至少一个层可以实施为DLC层。优选地，两个碳基层都是相对薄的使得它们具有有限的使用期限并且能够被用作磨合层。
PVD(物理气相沉积)层被设置为“长期的”最外层。通过设计特定的孔隙率，可以获得有益地约为碳基磨合层的大小(magnitude)的有利的摩擦系数。在测试中发现：由于两个碳基层的存在而产生这种摩擦系数，而不会具有任何棘手的磨合表现。PVD层相对厚；诸如，其具有最小为10μm的层厚度并且因此是耐用和耐磨损的。这样，实现了所需的使用期限。
最后，为诸如活塞环等滑动构件的基体材料设置粘合层，上述基体材料可以是钢、铸铁或者其他适当的材料。总的来说，可以认为本发明的基本思想是首先内燃机的滑动构件具有四层以上。特别地，将碳基层的有利的摩擦系数和良好的磨合表现以及PVD层的耐磨性结合在一起。进一步的创新是将最外层碳基层区分为具有所描述的特性和特征的第一层和第二层。特别地，考虑到这个区分，最内(粘合)层没有必要一定存在。
在其他的权利要求中描述了本发明的优选研究成果。
优选地，第一和/或第二碳基层是a-C:H类型的层。 
优选地，在内侧的第二碳基层和PVD层之间设置有含金属的第三碳基层。
相应地含有钨或者其他适当的金属的a-C:H:W类型的层已经被证明是尤其有利的。
为了所需的磨合表现并且同时具有有利的摩擦系数，对于第一碳基层和第二碳基层，≥3μm和/或≤5μm的厚度已经被证明是有利的；在适当时包括第三碳基层时，对于第一碳基层、第二碳基层和第三碳基层，≥3μm和/或≤5μm的厚度已经被证明是有利的。
为了保证在整个使用期限内的有利的摩擦系数，优选地，PVD层具有的摩擦系数约为至少一个碳基层的大小。
特别地，摩擦系数可以大约为0.02(对于灰口铸铁)。
对于PVD层，利用相应地基于氮化铬的CrN类型的层获得了特别良好的结果。在氮化铬基层的情形中，其可以是根据GOE 243(申请人的材料说明书)的层。
目前PVD层的层厚度优选为至少10μm，从而以有益的方式实现了所需的使用期限。
关于粘合层，在利用金属层特别是铬层的测试中显现了特别良好的特性。
最后，对于粘合层，≤0.5μm的层厚度已经被证明是有利的。

Claims (9)

1.一种内燃机中的滑动构件，其具有从外到内至少具有下述各层的涂层：
-第一碳基层，
-第二碳基层，其比所述第一碳基层更硬和/或具有更小比例的氢；
-PVD层，所述PVD层具有≥10μm的层厚度，且其为CrN类型的层；和
-粘合层，
其中，在所述第二碳基层和所述PVD层之间设置有含金属的第三碳基层，所述第三碳基层是a-C：H：W类型的层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机中的滑动构件，其中，所述内燃机中的滑动构件为活塞环。
3.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机中的滑动构件，其特征在于，所述第一碳基层和/或所述第二碳基层是a-C：H类型的层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机中的滑动构件，其特征在于，所述第一碳基层和所述第二碳基层的涂层厚度为≥3μm和/或≤5μm；在适当时包括第三碳基层时，所述第一碳基层、所述第二碳基层和所述第三碳基层的涂层厚度为≥3μm和/或≤5μm。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的内燃机中的滑动构件，其特征在于，所述PVD层具有的摩擦系数基本上等于至少一个碳基层的摩擦系数。
6.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的内燃机中的滑动构件，其特征在于，对于灰口铸铁，所述PVD层具有大约为0.02的摩擦系数。
7.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的内燃机中的滑动构件，其特征在于，所述粘合层是金属层。
8.根据权利要求7所述的内燃机中的滑动构件，其特征在于，所述金属层为铬层。
9.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的内燃机中的滑动构件，其特征在于，所述粘合层具有≤0.5μm的层厚度。
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EP2331728B1 (de) 2013-09-18
DE102008042747A1 (de) 2010-04-15
US20110268946A1 (en) 2011-11-03
JP5427890B2 (ja) 2014-02-26
EP2331728A1 (de) 2011-06-15
US8652620B2 (en) 2014-02-18
KR20110073557A (ko) 2011-06-29
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BRPI0920375A2 (pt) 2016-09-06

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