CN102157215B - Method and device for treating radioactive wastes - Google Patents
Method and device for treating radioactive wastes Download PDFInfo
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- CN102157215B CN102157215B CN 201110062940 CN201110062940A CN102157215B CN 102157215 B CN102157215 B CN 102157215B CN 201110062940 CN201110062940 CN 201110062940 CN 201110062940 A CN201110062940 A CN 201110062940A CN 102157215 B CN102157215 B CN 102157215B
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method and device for treating radioactive wastes. The method comprises the following steps of: putting nonradioactive inorganic wastes into a furnace body of a radioactive waste treatment device to form a thermal plasma area above the inorganic wastes by electrode arcing, and heating the putted inorganic wastes to form a molten pool; starting a cooling device to cool down the furnace body to a temperature of 25-150 DEG C so as to make the inorganic wastes attached to the inner wall of the furnace body be solidified to form a shell; putting radioactive wastes into the furnace body to pyrolyze organic elements of the radioactive wastes, and then exhausting the generated gas from the furnace body; and charging inorganic elements of the radioactive wastes into the molten pool to be molten, and discharging the molten inorganic elements out of the furnace body. During the implementation of the method and device disclosed by the invention, the furnace body does not need refractory materials, and the molten body is solidified in an area near the inner wall of the furnace to form the shell, thus the inner wall of the furnace does not directly contact with the molten body, radioactive nuclides are prevented from polluting the inner wall of the furnace, the device can be used for treating various wastes, the service life of the device is long and the amount of residual wastes is small.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the nuclear waste disposal field, relate in particular to a kind of Spent Radioactive substance treating method and device.
Background technology
Since the war industry of China's development sixties in 20th century nuclear, the particularly in recent years construction of nuclear power station and operation can produce a large amount of radioactive wastes in the process that nuclear fuel cycle, reactor operation, spentnuclear fuel processing, the elimination of nuclear facilities, radioactive isotope and other nuclear technology are utilized.Comprise solid combustible refuse (wood, paper, plastics and clothes etc.) in this radioactive waste, organic and inorganic drift, metal and other not flammable, nonmetal refuse (thermal insulation material, glass, soil and concrete etc.) radioactive wastes.The radioactive waste control belongs to the ring in the nuclear industry research and production chain, and solving Abfallwirtschaft method and refuse problem of outlet is the needs that guarantee territory and Environmental security, also is the prerequisite of nuclear industry sustainable development.
At present the disposal route of radioactive waste is generally: classification---compression subtracts appearance, cement solidification or concrete and fixes---being sent to temporary library after the packing stores---shallow ground disposal.The method because of technology maturation by nuclear industry unit, particularly nuclear power station extensively adopts, but complex treatment process, processing speed are slow, refuse containing rate is low, the refuse nucleic leaching rate after the compression is high.Along with the development of China's nuclear industry and Nuclear Electricity, the subtracting the appearance problem and will become increasingly conspicuous of radioactive waste.
Plasma hazardous waste treatment technology is the state-of-the-art innoxious appearance treatment technology that subtracts that environment circle is generally acknowledged, can carry out safety to hazardous chemical, persistence organic pollutant (POPs), useless agricultural chemicals, incineration residue, clinical waste, radioactive waste etc. and subtract the appearance processing, and seldom produce secondary pollution, obtain the great attention of domestic and international environmental protection and hygiene department, and entered the application stage in developed country.Plasma treatment technique is up to 10 with apparent temperature
4The hot plasma of K is as thermal source, and all flammable or difficult combustions, solid (or organic solvent) refuse that do not fire are carried out melting---pyrolysis processing.The energy density of hot plasma is high, can make at short notice inorganic wastes melting, debirs pyrolytic gasification.Subtracting the appearance treatment technology with other and compare melting---pyrolysis processing can significantly reduce the amount of final refuse, reaches high volume reduction ratio (refuse amount after refuse amount before processing/processing).In addition, molten mass can obtain the firming body of chemical stability, mechanical stability and thermal stability brilliance after supercooling, stably be enclosed in radioactive nuclide in the firming body, its nucleic leaching rate is extremely low, can dispose after reorganizing and outfit, and greatly changes the security performance of being apt to the refuse bag.
But the inventor finds that in implementing process of the present invention still there are obvious defective in existing plasma hazardous waste disposal route and device.
As central electrode, bottom electrode is hearth electrode to existing plasma hazardous waste treating apparatus with a root graphite electrode, and it is furnace lining that there are multiple layer refractory, insulation material in body of heater inside.Although this device can be processed radioactive waste, yet because this stove adopted hearth electrode, can cause therefore that the common common fault of electric arc furnaces---bottom electrode consumption is serious, behind the bottom electrode oxidation consumption, owing to can't change, can only pound whole body of heater and again build stove.Simultaneously, be furnace lining because the body of heater of this stove adopts multiple layer refractory, insulation material, furnace lining directly contacts molten mass, causes radioactive nuclide to enter furnace lining material, causes the pollution of furnace lining, has enlarged pollution range; And the body of heater of this kind type of furnace directly is subject to the corrosion of the erosion of radioactive waste molten mass, particularly strong acid, strong basicity radioactive waste, thereby consumes soon, and serviceable life is short.Furnace lining material is melted can only open the heavy lining up of burner hearth after body corrodes, increase the irradiated risk of operating personnel, furnace lining consumption serious in addition whole body of heater is retired scraps, produce a large amount of secondary refuses.
Summary of the invention
Embodiment of the invention technical matters to be solved is, a kind of Spent Radioactive substance treating method and device are provided, need not bottom electrode, body of heater need not fire resistive material and insulation material, the furnace wall has cooling device, molten mass in the burner hearth is in the zone freezing of closing on the stove inwall, form one deck " scull ", the existence of " scull " does not directly contact the furnace wall with molten mass, prevent the radionuclide contamination body of heater, and make body of heater not be subject to processing the erosion of object and molten mass, thereby the corrosion resistance of device is stronger, makes this isolated plant be particularly suitable for processing the highly acid that comprises that nuclear industry produces, strong basicities etc. are at the extremely strong refuse of interior corrosivity.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of Spent Radioactive substance treating method, comprising:
Drop into cold inorganic wastes in the body of heater of radiotropism waste treatment equipment, and by the electrode arcing, above described inorganic wastes, form the heat plasma body region;
Heating drops into the inorganic wastes in the described body of heater, makes described inorganic wastes melting and forms the molten bath;
Start cooling device, described body of heater is cooled to 25 ℃ ~ 150 ℃, make the inorganic wastes that is attached in the body of heater on the inwall solidify the formation scull;
Drop into pending radioactive waste in body of heater, make the organic principle of described radioactive waste by pyrolysis, the gas of generation is discharged body of heater; The inorganic constituents of described radioactive waste enters the molten bath, forms molten mass after the melting and discharges body of heater.
Wherein, described by the electrode arcing, above described inorganic wastes, form the heat plasma body region, comprising:
Power-on, the electrode of controlling described radioactive waste treatment facility is in contact with one another and forms path; Described electrode is inserted in the body of heater by bell or the upper of furnace body of described radioactive waste treatment facility;
The electrode that is in contact with one another is pulled open, make between each electrode and form electric arc; And by run through the through hole of described electrode at axis direction, in body of heater, input the plasma working gas;
Described plasma working gas is heated under arcing, forms the heat plasma body region above the inorganic wastes in body of heater.
Wherein, described startup cooling device remains on 25 ℃ ~ 150 ℃ with described body of heater, makes the inorganic wastes that is attached in the body of heater on the inwall solidify the formation scull, comprising:
After "dead" inorganic wastes in described body of heater begins melting, start cooling device, from the outside of described body of heater it is cooled off; Electrode continues the inorganic wastes in the described body of heater of heating, makes described inorganic wastes keep molten condition;
Cooling device is cooled to 25 ℃ ~ 150 ℃ with described body of heater, and the inorganic wastes temperature that is attached in the body of heater on the inwall is descended thereupon, solidifies to form the thick scull of 1cm ~ 20cm.
Wherein, describedly drop into pending radioactive waste in the body of heater, make the organic principle of described radioactive waste by pyrolysis, the gas of generation is discharged body of heater; The inorganic constituents of described radioactive waste enters the molten bath, forms molten mass after the melting and discharges body of heater, comprising:
In body of heater, drop into pending radioactive waste;
Described pending radioactive waste is by the high-temperature heating in described hot plasma and molten bath, and its organic principle is discharged body of heater after by pyrolytic gasification; Its inorganic constituents enters the molten bath;
The inorganic constituents of described radioactive waste enters the molten bath and when not being melted, is gathered in weld pool surface, forms the cold cap of one deck;
The inorganic constituents of described radioactive waste enters the molten bath and is melted rear formation molten mass discharges body of heater, forms the firming body of stable performance after cooling.
Wherein, describedly drop into pending radioactive waste in the body of heater and comprise:
By the speed that control drops into pending radioactive waste in the body of heater, the cold cap thickness that the top, molten bath forms in the control burner hearth;
When charging aperture temperature in the body of heater during greater than 600 ℃, the speed of the pending radioactive waste of increasing input increases cover thickness; When temperature during less than 250 ℃, reduce the speed that drops into pending radioactive waste, reduce cold cap thickness.
Wherein, described organic principle is discharged after the body of heater after by pyrolytic gasification, also comprises:
The gas of discharging body of heater is lowered the temperature, prevent the filtrator normal operation that its excess Temperature impact is follow-up;
Particle in the elimination gas and aerosol particle are sent it in body of heater of radioactive waste treatment facility back to;
Inflammable gas in the burning gases, and to the cooling of the gas after the described burning, prevent the generation of dioxin;
Gas is further lowered the temperature, deacidifies, removed dust, and gas is reheated to more than the dew point;
The elimination aerosol particle is sent it in body of heater of radioactive waste treatment facility back to;
Adsorption of Heavy Metals, organic contaminant are removed oxides of nitrogen.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the invention also provides radioactive waste treatment facility, comprising: body of heater, the bell that fastens with described body of heater, from the cooling device of the described body of heater of outer wrap and the electrode that enters body of heater from described bell or upper of furnace body oblique cutting;
Described body of heater is the uncovered column type, is made by metal material, does not wherein add fire resistive material and insulation material; This body of heater is used for holding the molten bath that formed by cold inorganic wastes melting and pending radioactive waste; Described bottom of furnace body is provided with the molten mass floss hole, and the molten mass that is used for forming after the melting of radioactive waste inorganic constituents is discharged body of heater;
Described bell top is provided with charging aperture, is used for dropping into cold inorganic wastes and pending radioactive waste in body of heater; Around the described charging aperture or upper of furnace body be provided with the electrode patchhole, be used for entering in the body of heater from bell or upper of furnace body oblique cutting for described electrode; Also be provided with exhaust port on the described bell, be used for the gas that organic principle with radioactive waste forms after by pyrolysis and discharge body of heater;
Described cooling device, be used for the initial formation stages in molten bath in body of heater, "dead" inorganic wastes in described body of heater starts when beginning melting, and described body of heater is remained on 25 ℃ ~ 150 ℃, makes the inorganic wastes that is attached in the body of heater on the inwall solidify the formation scull; And when described radioactive waste treatment facility is processed radioactive waste the temperature of control body of heater;
Described electrode is provided with the through hole that runs through described electrode at axis direction, and described through hole is used for inputting the plasma working gas in body of heater; Described electrode is used for forming electric arc after energising, heats described plasma working gas, forms the heat plasma body region above the inorganic wastes in body of heater.
Wherein, described body of heater is the uncovered column type, is level or center bottom it to the circular arc of outer process; Described bottom of furnace body central authorities are provided with the molten mass floss hole, and this molten mass floss hole is column type or funnel type.
Wherein, on the described bell or upper of furnace body be provided with 2 ~ 3 electrode patchholes, each electrode patchhole has electrode to insert in the body of heater; There is angle between each electrode, moves downward to being in contact with one another at electrode;
On the described bell or each electrode patchhole side of upper of furnace body is equipped with an electrod driving device, is used for moving up and down and left rotation and right rotation of control electrode.
Wherein, if radioactive waste treatment facility adopts two electrodes, then the polarity of two electrodes is opposite; If radioactive waste treatment facility adopts three electrodes, then opposite or three electrodes of the polarity of electrode and two other electrode connect three-phase alternating-current supply.
Wherein, also be provided with temperature-detecting device and view window on the described bell;
Described temperature-detecting device is for detection of the temperature in the body of heater, above the molten bath; Described view window is used for the state of observation molten bath and radioactive waste.
Wherein, described cooling device comprises: from the refrigerating module of outer wrap furnace body outer wall and bottom, be arranged at the temperature sensing module of cooling device cooling medium import and export, and the flow-control module that is positioned at the coolant inlet place of refrigerating module;
The temperature sensing module is used for the temperature of sensing cooling medium; Flow-control module is used for the temperature according to the cooling medium of described temperature sensing module institute sensing, and control is by the flow of the cooling medium of described refrigerating module; Refrigerating module comprises the mezzanine space formation that is used for holding cooling medium between internal layer, skin and the ectonexine; Its skin is provided with coolant outlet and coolant entrance.
Wherein, the molten bath of flow-control module in body of heater forms at first, also do not drop into radioactive waste, and when the "dead" inorganic wastes in the described body of heater begins melting, increase the coolant flow in the refrigerating module, body of heater is remained on 25 ℃ ~ 150 ℃, make the inorganic wastes that is attached in the body of heater on the inwall solidify the formation scull;
Flow-control module is processed in the radioactive waste process at described radioactive waste treatment facility, if described temperature sensing module senses is higher than 80 ℃ to cooling device exit coolant temperature, then increases the coolant flow in the described refrigerating module; If described temperature sensing module senses is lower than 50 ℃ to cooling device exit coolant temperature, then reduce the coolant flow in the described refrigerating module.
Wherein, described radioactive waste treatment facility also comprises the tail gas treatment device that is connected with exhaust port, is used for the gas of discharging in the body of heater is further purified;
This tail gas treatment device comprises: the refrigeratory, high-temperature filter, the first high efficiency particulate air filter, secondary combustion chamber, heat exchanger, scrubbing tower, well heater, the second high efficiency particulate air filter, activated carbon adsorber, the Benitration reactor that connect successively;
Described refrigeratory is used for the gas of discharging body of heater is lowered the temperature, and prevents the filtrator normal operation that its excess Temperature impact is follow-up;
Described high-temperature filter is used for the particle of elimination gas, and by charging aperture it is sent back in the body of heater of radioactive waste treatment facility;
Described the first high efficiency particulate air filter is used for the aerosol particle of elimination gas, and by charging aperture it is sent back in the body of heater of radioactive waste treatment facility;
Described secondary combustion chamber is used for the inflammable gas of burning gases;
Described heat exchanger is used for the cooling of the gas after the burning is prevented the generation of dioxin;
Described scrubbing tower is used for dust is further lowered the temperature, deacidifies, removed to gas;
Described well heater is used for gas is reheated to more than the dew point;
Described the second high efficiency particulate air filter is used for the elimination aerosol particle, and by charging aperture it is sent back in the body of heater of radioactive waste treatment facility;
Described activated carbon adsorber is used for Adsorption of Heavy Metals, organic contaminant;
Described Benitration reactor is used for removing oxides of nitrogen.
Implement Spent Radioactive substance treating method and device that the embodiment of the invention provides, need not bottom electrode, body of heater need not fire resistive material and insulation material, the furnace wall has cooling device, molten mass in the burner hearth is in the zone freezing of closing on the stove inwall, form one deck " scull ", the existence of " scull " does not directly contact the furnace wall with molten mass, prevent the radionuclide contamination body of heater, and make body of heater not be subject to processing the erosion of object and molten mass, thereby the corrosion resistance of device is stronger, makes this isolated plant be particularly suitable for processing the highly acid that comprises of nuclear industry generation, strong basicities etc. are at the extremely strong refuse of interior corrosivity.
Further, Spent Radioactive substance treating method and device that the embodiment of the invention provides, when processing radioactive waste, the top, molten bath forms the cold cap of one deck treating material in the burner hearth, can reduce the volatilization of radioactive nuclide in the tail gas, and the output of flying dust in the reduction processing procedure, alleviate pressure and the cost of tail gas clean-up.
Further, Spent Radioactive substance treating method and device that the embodiment of the invention provides are when processing radioactive waste, hot plasma is kept between electrode and molten mass, hot plasma has played the beating action to the molten bath, so that molten mass is more even, the performance of product firming body is better.
Further, Spent Radioactive substance treating method and device that the embodiment of the invention provides are when processing radioactive waste, from sending into plasma working gas amount seldom along the through hole of electrode axis direction, can reduce the volatilization of radioactive nuclide, improve the arresting efficiency of nucleic in the product firming body.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art, the below will do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is Spent Radioactive substance treating method the first embodiment schematic flow sheet provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 is Spent Radioactive substance treating method the second embodiment schematic flow sheet provided by the invention;
Fig. 3 is radioactive waste treatment facility the first example structure synoptic diagram provided by the invention;
Fig. 4 is the electrode structure synoptic diagram of radioactive waste treatment facility provided by the invention;
Fig. 5 is radioactive waste treatment facility the second example structure synoptic diagram provided by the invention;
Fig. 6 is the synoptic diagram that radioactive waste treatment facility provided by the invention has two electrodes;
Fig. 7 is the synoptic diagram that radioactive waste treatment facility provided by the invention has three electrodes;
Fig. 8 is radwaste system structural representation provided by the invention;
Fig. 9 is Spent Radioactive substance treating method the 3rd embodiment schematic flow sheet provided by the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment only is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills belong to the scope of protection of the invention not making the every other embodiment that obtains under the creative work prerequisite.
Referring to Fig. 1, be Spent Radioactive substance treating method the first embodiment schematic flow sheet provided by the invention, as shown in Figure 1:
At step S100, drop into cold inorganic wastes in the body of heater of radiotropism waste treatment equipment.
At step S101, by the electrode arcing, above described inorganic wastes, form the heat plasma body region.
At step S102, heat the inorganic wastes in the described body of heater, make described inorganic wastes melting and form the molten bath.
At step S103, start cooling device, described body of heater is cooled to 25 ℃ ~ 150 ℃, make the inorganic wastes that is attached in the body of heater on the inwall solidify the formation scull;
At step S104, in body of heater, drop into pending radioactive waste.
At step S105, the organic principle in the described radioactive waste is by pyrolysis, and the gas of generation is discharged body of heater; The inorganic constituents of radioactive waste enters the molten bath, and the molten mass that forms after the melting is discharged body of heater.
Implement the Spent Radioactive substance treating method that the embodiment of the invention provides, the initial period that forms in the molten bath, cooling device makes the interior molten mass of body of heater in the zone freezing of closing on the stove inwall, form one deck " scull ", the existence of " scull " does not directly contact the furnace wall with molten mass, prevent the radionuclide contamination body of heater, and make body of heater not be subject to processing the erosion of object and molten mass, thereby the corrosion resistance of device is stronger, makes this isolated plant be particularly suitable for processing the extremely strong refuse of corrosivity that comprises highly acid, strong basicity etc. that nuclear industry produces.Simultaneously, organic principle and the inorganic constituents of radioactive waste are separated, and after the inorganic composition process high-temperature fusion, the firming body performance of formation is more stable.
Referring to Fig. 2, be Spent Radioactive substance treating method the second embodiment schematic flow sheet provided by the invention, in the present embodiment, with the flow process of this Spent Radioactive substance treating method of more detailed description, as shown in Figure 2:
At step S200, drop into cold inorganic wastes in the body of heater of radiotropism waste treatment equipment.
At step S201, power-on, the electrode of controlling described radioactive waste treatment facility is in contact with one another and forms path; Described electrode is inserted in the body of heater by bell or the upper of furnace body of described radioactive waste treatment facility.
At step S202, the electrode that is in contact with one another is pulled open, make between each electrode and form electric arc; And by run through the through hole of described electrode at axis direction, in body of heater, input the plasma working gas, namely adopt the mode starting electrode work of contact arcing.
In the present embodiment, from along the plasma working gas amount of sending into the through hole of electrode axis direction seldom, in the molten bath in the stove and the furnace cavity airflow convection intensity of top, molten bath low, thereby reduced air-flow carrying secretly radioactive nuclide, thereby reduce the volatilization of radioactive nuclide, improve the arresting efficiency of nucleic in molten mass.
At step S203, the plasma working gas is heated under arcing, forms the heat plasma body region above the inorganic wastes in body of heater.
At step S204, the heat plasma body region is melted the inorganic wastes that drops in advance in the body of heater, becomes the molten bath at freeze profile.Further, when processing radioactive waste, hot plasma is kept between electrode and molten mass, and hot plasma has played the beating action to the molten bath, so that molten mass is more even, the performance of product firming body is better.
At step S205, the initial period that forms in the molten bath starts cooling device, and described body of heater is cooled to 25 ℃ ~ 150 ℃, makes the inorganic wastes that is attached in the body of heater on the inwall solidify the formation scull.
More specifically, the molten bath forms rear cooling device and cools off from outer wall and the bottom of body of heater, the melt temperature of close inboard wall of furnace body in the molten bath in the body of heater is descended, be attached to and solidify the formation scull on the inwall, the existence of scull can directly not contact with molten mass inboard wall of furnace body, prevent the radionuclide contamination body of heater, also make body of heater not be subjected to the erosion of radioactive waste and molten mass simultaneously.
At step S206, drop into pending radioactive waste in the body of heater, described radioactive waste in described heat plasma body region by pyrolysis.Further, pending radioactive waste drops in the body of heater from the charging aperture of bell top, and pending radioactive waste enters the heat plasma body region straight, pending radioactive waste in this zone by pyrolysis or melting.Need to prove, because in body of heater, dropped into before this cold inorganic wastes and formed the molten bath, so in this step, radioactive waste in body of heater can by hot plasma and before cold inorganic wastes form the molten bath heating, this type of heating is more more even than the simple hot plasma heating radioactive waste that adopts.
At step S207, the gas that the organic principle of described radioactive waste produces after by pyrolysis is discharged body of heater; Inorganic constituents enters the molten bath, is melted rear formation molten mass and discharges body of heater.More specifically, the organic principle of radioactive waste by pyrolysis after, be gasificated as little molecule (mainly being H2 and CO) gas, discharge from the exhaust port of radioactive waste treatment facility, after the discharge through discharging after the further purification; Inorganic constituents in the radioactive waste is by the high-temperature fusion of plasma, the hazard component such as radioactive nuclide, heavy metal is dissolved or be included in the molten mass, molten mass is discharged from the floss hole of bottom of furnace body, forms the firming body of stable performance after cooling, reorganizes and outfit rear disposal.
Further, pending radioactive waste through the heat plasma body region after, its organic principle is discharged body of heater after by pyrolytic gasification; Its inorganic constituents enters the molten bath; Not yet be melted when the inorganic constituents of part radioactive waste enters the molten bath, it is accumulated in weld pool surface, forms one deck cold material overlayer (cold cap).
Preferably, in throwing in the radioactive waste process, by the speed of control radioactive waste charging in the stove, the cold cap thickness that the top, molten bath forms in the control burner hearth.More specifically, when near the temperature burner hearth charging aperture during greater than 600 ℃, should strengthen inventory, increase cover thickness; When near the temperature burner hearth charging aperture during less than 250 ℃, should reduce inventory, suitably reduce cover thickness.When the furnace cavity temperature is controlled at 1000 ℃ ~ 1600 ℃, when near the temperature the exhaust port is controlled at 180 ℃ ~ 250 ℃, can obtain desirable cold cap thickness.
Cold cap can be caught the nucleic that volatilizees in the processing procedure and the flying dust of generation, after being caught by cold cap, the flying dust that produces in the radioactive nuclide that volatilizes in the molten bath and the processing procedure reenters the molten bath, reduce the output of flying dust in the processing procedure, suppress simultaneously radioactive nuclide and heavy metal and in tail gas, volatilize, alleviate pressure and the cost of tail gas clean-up.
Further, radioactive waste is discharged body of heater after by pyrolytic gasification, also the gas (tail gas) of discharging body of heater is carried out further purified treatment, comprising: the gas of discharging body of heater is lowered the temperature, prevent the filtrator normal operation that its excess Temperature impact is follow-up; Particle in the elimination tail gas and aerosol particle are sent it in body of heater of radioactive waste treatment facility back to; Inflammable gas in the burning gases, and to the cooling of the gas after the described burning, prevent the generation of dioxin; Gas is further lowered the temperature, deacidifies, removed dust, and gas is reheated to more than the dew point; The elimination aerosol particle is sent it in body of heater of radioactive waste treatment facility back to; Adsorption of Heavy Metals, organic contaminant are removed oxides of nitrogen.Above-mentioned processing procedure to tail gas is sent the particle of carrying secretly in the tail gas back to body of heater again, reduces volatile nuclide and heavy metal and is carried secretly by tail gas, increases the arresting efficiency of nucleic.
Implement the Spent Radioactive substance treating method that the embodiment of the invention provides, the initial period that forms in the molten bath, cooling device makes the interior molten mass of body of heater in the zone freezing of closing on the stove inwall, form one deck " scull ", the existence of " scull " does not directly contact the furnace wall with molten mass, prevent the radionuclide contamination body of heater, and make body of heater not be subject to processing the erosion of object and molten mass, thereby the corrosion resistance of device is stronger, makes this isolated plant be particularly suitable for processing the extremely strong refuse of corrosivity that comprises highly acid, strong basicity etc. that nuclear industry produces.
Further, the Spent Radioactive substance treating method that the embodiment of the invention provides, when processing radioactive waste, the top, molten bath forms one deck cold material overlayer (cold cap) in the burner hearth, can reduce the volatilization of radioactive nuclide in the tail gas, and the output of flying dust in the reduction processing procedure, alleviate pressure and the cost of tail gas clean-up.
Further, the Spent Radioactive substance treating method that the embodiment of the invention provides, when processing radioactive waste, hot plasma is kept between electrode and molten mass, and hot plasma has played the beating action to the molten bath, so that molten mass is more even.Simultaneously, organic principle and the inorganic constituents of radioactive waste are separated, and after the inorganic composition process high-temperature fusion, the firming body performance of formation is more stable.
Further, the Spent Radioactive substance treating method that the embodiment of the invention provides is when processing radioactive waste, from sending into plasma working gas amount seldom along the through hole of electrode axis direction, can reduce the volatilization of radioactive nuclide, improve the arresting efficiency of nucleic in the product firming body.
Referring to Fig. 3, be radioactive waste treatment facility the first example structure synoptic diagram provided by the invention, as shown in Figure 3: this radioactive waste treatment facility comprises: body of heater 1, the bell 2 that fastens with body of heater, from the cooling device 4 of outer wrap body of heater and the electrode 3 that enters body of heater from bell 2 or body of heater 1 top oblique cutting.
Body of heater 1 is the uncovered column type, is made by metal material, does not wherein add fire resistive material and insulation material; This body of heater 1 is used for holding the molten bath that formed by cold inorganic wastes melting and pending radioactive waste; Body of heater 1 bottom is provided with molten mass floss hole 11, is used for being enclosed with the molten mass discharge body of heater 1 of radioactive waste inorganic constituents.
Be provided with charging aperture 21 directly over the bell 2, be used for to the body of heater cold inorganic wastes of 1 interior input and pending radioactive waste; Around the charging aperture 21 or body of heater 1 top is provided with electrode patchhole 22, is used for power pole 3 and enters in the body of heater 1 from bell 2 or body of heater 1 top oblique cutting; Also be provided with exhaust port 23 on the bell 2, be used for radioactive waste by pyrolysis after the gas that forms of its organic principle discharge body of heater 1.
Cooling device 4 is used for the initial formation stages in molten bath in body of heater 1, and the "dead" inorganic wastes in body of heater 1 starts when beginning melting, and body of heater 1 is remained on 25 ℃ ~ 150 ℃, makes the inorganic wastes that is attached in the body of heater 1 on the inwall solidify the formation scull; And when radioactive waste treatment facility is processed radioactive waste the temperature of control body of heater 1.
The through hole 32(that electrode 3 is provided with penetrating electrode at axis direction is referring to Fig. 4, and is not shown among Fig. 3), through hole 32 is used for to body of heater 1 interior input plasma working gas; Electrode 3 is used for forming electric arc after energising, and the heating plasma working gas forms the heat plasma body region above the inorganic wastes in body of heater 1.
Implement Spent Radioactive substance treating method and device that the embodiment of the invention provides, need not bottom electrode, body of heater need not fire resistive material and insulation material, the furnace wall has cooling device, molten mass in the burner hearth is in the zone freezing of closing on the stove inwall, form one deck " scull ", the existence of " scull " does not directly contact the furnace wall with molten mass, prevent the radionuclide contamination body of heater, and make body of heater not be subject to processing the erosion of object and molten mass, thereby the corrosion resistance of device is stronger, makes this isolated plant be particularly suitable for processing the highly acid that comprises of nuclear industry generation, strong basicities etc. are at the extremely strong refuse of interior corrosivity.Simultaneously, organic principle and the inorganic constituents of radioactive waste are separated, and after the inorganic composition process high-temperature fusion, the firming body performance of formation is more stable.
Referring to Fig. 5, be radioactive waste treatment facility the second example structure synoptic diagram provided by the invention, in the present embodiment, with the structure of more detailed this radioactive waste treatment facility of description, as shown in Figure 4: this radioactive waste treatment facility comprises equally: body of heater 1, the bell 2 that fastens with body of heater, enter the electrode 3 of body of heater and from the cooling device 4 of outer wrap body of heater from bell 2 or body of heater 1 top oblique cutting.
Body of heater 1 is the uncovered column type, is made by metal material, and key is, does not add fire resistive material and insulation material in the body of heater 1.This body of heater 1 is used for holding the molten bath that formed by cold inorganic wastes melting and pending radioactive waste; Body of heater 1 bottom is provided with molten mass floss hole 11, is used for being enclosed with the molten mass discharge body of heater 1 of radioactive waste inorganic constituents.
More specifically, body of heater 1 is the uncovered column type, and its bottom 12 is level or center to the circular arc of outer process; Described bottom of furnace body 12 central authorities are provided with molten mass floss hole 11, and this molten mass floss hole 11 is column type or funnel type.
Preferably, also be provided with for subsequent use mouthful 24 on the bell 2 and temperature-detecting device 5, temperature-detecting device 5 is for detection of the temperature in the body of heater 1, above the molten bath; Can be used as view window for for subsequent use mouthful 24, be used for the state that view window is used for observation molten bath and radioactive waste, also can be used as oxygen or air in.
The electrode patchhole 22 on the bell 2 or body of heater 1 top is 2 ~ 3, and each electrode patchhole 22 has an electrode 3 to insert in the body of heater 1; There is angle between each electrode 3, can being in contact with one another that electrode moves downward.If this radioactive waste treatment facility adopts two electrodes, then the polarity of two electrodes is opposite, and the setting of its electrode 3 as shown in Figure 6; If radioactive waste treatment facility adopts three electrodes, then opposite or three electrodes of the polarity of electrode and two other electrode connect three-phase alternating-current supply, and the setting of its electrode 3 as shown in Figure 7.Further, each electrode patchhole 22 side on the bell 2 or body of heater 1 top are equipped with an electrod driving device 31, are used for moving up and down and left rotation and right rotation of control electrode 3.
More specifically, the through hole 32(that electrode 3 is provided with penetrating electrode at axis direction is referring to Fig. 4, and is not shown among Fig. 5), through hole 32 is used for to body of heater 1 interior input plasma working gas; Electrode 3 is used for after energising the electrode 3 that is in contact with one another being pulled open, and makes between each electrode 3 and forms electric arc; And by run through the through hole 32 of described electrode at axis direction, to body of heater 1 interior input plasma working gas, namely adopt the mode starting electrode work of contact arcing.Electric arc between the electrode 3 forms the heat plasma body region with the heating plasma working gas above the inorganic wastes in body of heater 1.
After radioactive waste enters body of heater from charging aperture 21, directly enter the heat plasma body region, after pyrolysis or melting, organic principle is wherein become little molecule (mainly being H2 and CO) gas by pyrolytic gasification, discharge from the exhaust port 11 of radioactive waste treatment facility, after the discharge through discharging after the further purification; Inorganic constituents in the radioactive waste is by the high-temperature fusion of hot plasma, the hazard component such as radioactive nuclide, heavy metal is dissolved or be included in the molten mass, molten mass is discharged from the floss hole 11 of bottom of furnace body, forms the firming body of stable performance after cooling, reorganizes and outfit rear disposal.Further, when processing radioactive waste, the heat plasma body region is kept between electrode and molten mass, has played the beating action to the molten bath, so that molten mass is more even, the performance of product firming body is better
In the present embodiment, from along the plasma working gas amount of sending into the through hole 32 of electrode axis direction seldom, in the molten bath in the stove and the furnace cavity airflow convection intensity of top, molten bath low, thereby reduced air-flow carrying secretly radioactive nuclide, thereby reduce the volatilization of radioactive nuclide, improve the arresting efficiency of nucleic in the product firming body.
Preferably, the electrode 3 in the present embodiment adopts carbon materials, and it is simple in structure, dependable performance, long service life; Plasma occurs easily simultaneously, can continue continuously in working order, avoid energy loss that thermal source parts water-cooled is caused and to the frequent of electrode, energy utilization efficiency is higher, reduce production cost, reduced the irradiated risk of maintenance workload and staff.
Start when cooling device 4, molten bath initial formation stages in body of heater 1, body of heater 1 is cooled to 25 ℃ ~ 150 ℃, make the inorganic wastes that is attached in the body of heater 1 on the inwall solidify the formation scull; And when radioactive waste treatment facility is processed radioactive waste the temperature of control body of heater 1.
More specifically, described cooling device 4 comprises: the temperature sensing module 61,62 that is arranged at cooling device cooling medium import and export, from outer wrap furnace body outer wall and bottom coohng module, and the flow-control module 43 that is positioned at coolant entrance 41 places of refrigerating module.
More specifically, the molten bath of flow-control module 43 in body of heater forms at first, also do not drop into radioactive waste, and when the "dead" inorganic wastes in the described body of heater begins melting, increase the coolant flow in the refrigerating module, body of heater is remained on 25 ℃ ~ 150 ℃, the melt temperature of close inboard wall of furnace body in the molten bath in the body of heater is descended, be attached to and solidify the formation scull on the inwall, the existence of scull can directly not contact with molten mass inboard wall of furnace body, prevent the radionuclide contamination body of heater, also make body of heater not be subjected to the erosion of radioactive waste and molten mass simultaneously.
Flow-control module 43 is processed in the radioactive waste process at radioactive waste treatment facility, is higher than 80 ℃ if temperature sensing module 62 senses furnace body temperature, then increases the coolant flow in the refrigerating module; Be lower than 50 ℃ if temperature sensing module 62 senses furnace body temperature, then reduce the coolant flow in the refrigerating module 42.
Further, the radioactive waste treatment facility that present embodiment provides also comprises the tail gas treatment device (as shown in Figure 8) that is connected with exhaust port 23, is used for the gas of discharging in the body of heater is further evolved.This tail gas treatment device comprises: the refrigeratory 70, high-temperature filter 71, the first high efficiency particulate air filter 72, secondary combustion chamber 73, heat exchanger 74, scrubbing tower 75, well heater 76, the second high efficiency particulate air filter 77, activated carbon adsorber 78, the Benitration reactor 79 that connect successively.
Refrigeratory 70 is used for the gas of discharging body of heater is lowered the temperature, and prevents the filtrator normal operation that its excess Temperature impact is follow-up.
High-temperature filter 71 is used for the particle of elimination tail gas, and by charging aperture it is sent back in the body of heater of radioactive waste treatment facility.
The first high efficiency particulate air filter 72 is used for the aerosol particle of elimination tail gas, and by charging aperture it is sent back in the body of heater of radioactive waste treatment facility.
Secondary combustion chamber 73 is used for the inflammable gas of burning gases.
Heat exchanger 74 is used for the cooling of the gas after the burning is prevented the generation of dioxin.
Scrubbing tower 75 is used for dust is further lowered the temperature, deacidifies, removed to gas.
Well heater 76 is used for gas is reheated to more than the dew point.
The second high efficiency particulate air filter 77 is used for the elimination aerosol particle, and by charging aperture it is sent back in the body of heater of radioactive waste treatment facility.
Activated carbon adsorber 78 is used for Adsorption of Heavy Metals, organic contaminant.
Benitration reactor 79 is used for removing oxides of nitrogen.
In tail gas treatment device, the particle of carrying secretly in the tail gas is sent body of heater again back to, reduces volatile nuclide and heavy metal and is carried secretly by tail gas, increases the arresting efficiency of nucleic.Through the tail gas that tail gas treatment device was processed, guarantee environmental sound, can directly discharge by chimney.
Implement the radioactive waste treatment facility that the embodiment of the invention provides, the initial period that forms in the molten bath, cooling device makes the interior molten mass of body of heater in the zone freezing of closing on the stove inwall, form one deck " scull ", the existence of " scull " does not directly contact the furnace wall with molten mass, prevent the radionuclide contamination body of heater, and make body of heater not be subject to processing the erosion of object and molten mass, thereby the corrosion resistance of device is stronger, makes this isolated plant be particularly suitable for processing the extremely strong refuse of corrosivity that comprises highly acid, strong basicity etc. that nuclear industry produces.
Further, the radioactive waste treatment facility that the embodiment of the invention provides, when processing radioactive waste, hot plasma is kept between electrode and molten mass, and hot plasma has played the beating action to the molten bath, so that molten mass is more even.Simultaneously, organic principle and the inorganic constituents of radioactive waste are separated, and after the inorganic composition process high-temperature fusion, the firming body performance of formation is more stable.
Further, the radioactive waste treatment facility that the embodiment of the invention provides is when processing radioactive waste, from sending into plasma working gas amount seldom along the through hole of electrode axis direction, can reduce the volatilization of radioactive nuclide, improve the arresting efficiency of nucleic in the product firming body.
Referring to Fig. 9, for Spent Radioactive substance treating method the 3rd embodiment schematic flow sheet provided by the invention, in the present embodiment, in connection with radwaste system as shown in Figure 8, the detailed process of this Spent Radioactive substance treating method is described.
At step S300, by the cold inorganic wastes of body of heater 1 interior input of charging aperture 21 radiotropism waste treatment equipments.
At step S301, power-on, the electrode 3 of controlling radioactive waste treatment facilities by electrod driving device 31 moves downward to being in contact with one another and forming path.
At step S302, by electrod driving device 31 electrode 3 that is in contact with one another is pulled open, make between each electrode 3 and form electric arc; Distance between the electrode 3 can be regulated by electrod driving device 31, but should guarantee not current interruption between the electrode.Simultaneously, by the through hole 32 on electrode 3 axis directions, to body of heater 1 interior input plasma working gas, namely adopt the mode starting electrode work of contact arcing.
At step S303, the plasma working gas is heated under arcing, forms the heat plasma body region above the inorganic wastes in body of heater, and the inorganic wastes that drops in advance in the body of heater is melted, and becomes the molten bath at the freeze profile of body of heater 1.
At step S304, the initial period that forms in the molten bath, also do not drop into radioactive waste, and when the "dead" inorganic wastes in the described body of heater begins melting, flow-control module 43 increases the flow of the cooling medium that flows into refrigerating module, and described body of heater is remained on 25 ℃ ~ 150 ℃, and the melt temperature of close inboard wall of furnace body in the molten bath in the body of heater is descended, be attached to and solidify the formation scull on the inwall, isolated inboard wall of furnace body contacts with molten mass.
At step S305, to the pending radioactive waste of body of heater 1 interior input, pending radioactive waste enters the heat plasma body region straight by charging aperture 21, and in the heat plasma body region by pyrolysis or melting.Further, after the pending radioactive waste process heat plasma body region, its inorganic constituents enters the molten bath; Not yet be melted when the inorganic constituents of part radioactive waste enters the molten bath, be gathered in weld pool surface and form the cold cap of one deck.Cold cap can be caught the nucleic that volatilizees in the processing procedure and the flying dust of generation, after being caught by cold cap, the flying dust that produces in the radioactive nuclide that volatilizes in the molten bath and the processing procedure reenters the molten bath, reduce the output of flying dust in the processing procedure, suppress simultaneously radioactive nuclide and heavy metal and in tail gas, volatilize.
So in embodiments of the present invention, in throwing in the radioactive waste process, by the speed of control radioactive waste 1 charging in the stove, the cold cap thickness that the top, molten bath forms in the control burner hearth.More specifically, can know the situation of the cold cap in top, molten bath by temperature-detecting device 5 and view window.When the furnace cavity temperature greater than 600 ℃ or observe cold cap when thinner, should strengthen inventory, increase cover thickness; When the furnace cavity temperature less than 250 ℃ or observe cold cap when thicker, should reduce inventory, suitably reduce cover thickness.
At step S306, the organic principle of radioactive waste after by pyrolysis discharged bodies of heater, the rear discharging of further evolving by exhaust port 23 after by pyrolytic gasification.Inorganic constituents in the radioactive waste is by the high-temperature fusion of plasma, the hazard component such as radioactive nuclide, heavy metal is dissolved or be included in the molten mass, molten mass is discharged from the floss hole of bottom of furnace body, forms the firming body of stable performance after cooling, reorganizes and outfit rear disposal.
Implement the Spent Radioactive substance treating method that the embodiment of the invention provides, the initial period that forms in the molten bath, cooling device makes the interior molten mass of body of heater in the zone freezing of closing on the stove inwall, form one deck " scull ", the existence of " scull " does not directly contact the furnace wall with molten mass, prevent the radionuclide contamination body of heater, and make body of heater not be subject to processing the erosion of object and molten mass, thereby the corrosion resistance of device is stronger, makes this isolated plant be particularly suitable for processing the extremely strong refuse of corrosivity that comprises highly acid, strong basicity etc. that nuclear industry produces.
Further, the Spent Radioactive substance treating method that the embodiment of the invention provides, when processing radioactive waste, the top, molten bath forms the cold cap of one deck treating material in the burner hearth, can reduce the volatilization of radioactive nuclide in the tail gas, and the output of flying dust in the reduction processing procedure, alleviate pressure and the cost of tail gas clean-up.
Further, the Spent Radioactive substance treating method that the embodiment of the invention provides, when processing radioactive waste, hot plasma is kept between electrode and molten mass, and hot plasma has played the beating action to the molten bath, so that molten mass is more even.Simultaneously, organic principle and the inorganic constituents of radioactive waste are separated, and after the inorganic composition process high-temperature fusion, the firming body performance of formation is more stable.
Further, the Spent Radioactive substance treating method that the embodiment of the invention provides is when processing radioactive waste, from sending into plasma working gas amount seldom along the through hole of electrode axis direction, can reduce the volatilization of radioactive nuclide, improve the arresting efficiency of nucleic in the product firming body.Simultaneously, hot plasma is kept between electrode and molten mass, and hot plasma has played the beating action to the molten bath, so that molten mass is more even, the performance of product firming body is better.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of flow process that realizes in above-described embodiment method, to come the relevant hardware of instruction to finish by computer program, described program can be stored in the computer read/write memory medium, this program can comprise the flow process such as the embodiment of above-mentioned each side method when carrying out.Wherein, described storage medium can be magnetic disc, CD, read-only store-memory body (Read-Only Memory, ROM) or store-memory body (Random Access Memory, RAM) etc. at random.
Above disclosed is a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention only, certainly can not limit with this interest field of the present invention, and the equivalent variations of therefore doing according to claim of the present invention still belongs to the scope that the present invention is contained.
Claims (12)
1. a Spent Radioactive substance treating method is characterized in that, comprising:
Drop into cold inorganic wastes in the body of heater of radiotropism waste treatment equipment, and by the electrode arcing, above described inorganic wastes, form the heat plasma body region;
Heat the inorganic wastes in the described body of heater, make described inorganic wastes melting and form the molten bath;
Start cooling device, described body of heater is cooled to 25 ℃～150 ℃, make the inorganic wastes that is attached in the body of heater on the inwall solidify the formation scull;
Drop into pending radioactive waste in body of heater, make the organic principle of described radioactive waste by pyrolysis, the gas of generation is discharged body of heater; The inorganic constituents of described radioactive waste enters the molten bath, forms molten mass after the melting and discharges body of heater;
Described organic principle is discharged after the body of heater after by pyrolytic gasification, also comprises:
The gas of discharging body of heater is lowered the temperature, prevent the filtrator normal operation that its excess Temperature impact is follow-up;
Particle in the elimination gas and aerosol particle are sent it in body of heater of radioactive waste treatment facility back to;
Inflammable gas in the burning gases, and to the cooling of the gas after the described burning, prevent the generation of dioxin;
Gas is further lowered the temperature, deacidifies, removed dust, and gas is reheated to more than the dew point;
The elimination aerosol particle is sent it in body of heater of radioactive waste treatment facility back to;
Adsorption of Heavy Metals, organic contaminant are removed oxides of nitrogen.
2. Spent Radioactive substance treating method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, and is described by the electrode arcing, forms the heat plasma body region above described inorganic wastes, comprising:
Power-on, the electrode of controlling described radioactive waste treatment facility is in contact with one another and forms path; Described electrode is inserted in the body of heater by bell or the upper of furnace body of described radioactive waste treatment facility;
The electrode that is in contact with one another is pulled open, make between each electrode and form electric arc; And by run through the through hole of described electrode at axis direction, in body of heater, input the plasma working gas;
Described plasma working gas is heated under arcing, forms the heat plasma body region above the inorganic wastes in body of heater.
3. Spent Radioactive substance treating method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described startup cooling device remains on 25 ℃～150 ℃ with described body of heater, makes the inorganic wastes that is attached in the body of heater on the inwall solidify the formation scull, comprising:
After "dead" inorganic wastes in described body of heater begins melting, start cooling device, from the outside of described body of heater it is cooled off; Electrode continues the inorganic wastes in the described body of heater of heating, makes described inorganic wastes keep molten condition;
Cooling device is cooled to 25 ℃～150 ℃ with described body of heater, and the inorganic wastes temperature that is attached in the body of heater on the inwall is descended thereupon, solidifies to form the thick scull of 1cm～20cm.
4. Spent Radioactive substance treating method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, describedly drops into pending radioactive waste in the body of heater, makes the organic principle of described radioactive waste by pyrolysis, and the gas of generation is discharged body of heater; The inorganic constituents of described radioactive waste enters the molten bath, forms molten mass after the melting and discharges body of heater, comprising:
In body of heater, drop into pending radioactive waste;
Described pending radioactive waste is by the high-temperature heating in described hot plasma and molten bath, and its organic principle is discharged body of heater after by pyrolytic gasification; Its inorganic constituents enters the molten bath;
The inorganic constituents of described radioactive waste enters the molten bath and when not being melted, is gathered in weld pool surface, forms the cold cap of one deck;
The inorganic constituents of described radioactive waste enters the molten bath and is melted rear formation molten mass discharges body of heater, forms the firming body of stable performance after cooling.
5. Spent Radioactive substance treating method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, describedly drops into pending radioactive waste in the body of heater and comprises:
By the speed that control drops into pending radioactive waste in the body of heater, the cold cap thickness that the top, molten bath forms in the control burner hearth;
When charging aperture temperature in the body of heater during greater than 600 ℃, the speed of the pending radioactive waste of increasing input increases cover thickness; When temperature during less than 250 ℃, reduce the speed that drops into pending radioactive waste, reduce cold cap thickness.
6. a radioactive waste treatment facility is characterized in that, comprising: body of heater, the bell that fastens with described body of heater, from the cooling device of the described body of heater of outer wrap and the electrode that enters body of heater from described bell or upper of furnace body oblique cutting;
Described body of heater is the uncovered column type, is made by metal material, does not wherein add fire resistive material and insulation material; This body of heater is used for holding the molten bath that formed by cold inorganic wastes melting and pending radioactive waste; Described bottom of furnace body is provided with the molten mass floss hole, and the molten mass that is used for forming after the melting of radioactive waste inorganic constituents is discharged body of heater;
Described bell top is provided with charging aperture, is used for dropping into cold inorganic wastes and pending radioactive waste in body of heater; Around the described charging aperture or upper of furnace body be provided with the electrode patchhole, be used for entering in the body of heater from bell or upper of furnace body oblique cutting for described electrode; Also be provided with exhaust port on the described bell, be used for the gas that organic principle with radioactive waste forms after by pyrolysis and discharge body of heater;
Described cooling device, be used for the initial formation stages in molten bath in body of heater, "dead" inorganic wastes in described body of heater starts when beginning melting, and described body of heater is remained on 25 ℃～150 ℃, makes the inorganic wastes that is attached in the body of heater on the inwall solidify the formation scull; And when described radioactive waste treatment facility is processed radioactive waste the temperature of control body of heater;
Described electrode is provided with the through hole that runs through described electrode at axis direction, and described through hole is used for inputting the plasma working gas in body of heater; Described electrode is used for forming electric arc after energising, heats described plasma working gas, forms the heat plasma body region above the inorganic wastes in body of heater;
Described radioactive waste treatment facility also comprises the tail gas treatment device that is connected with exhaust port, is used for the gas of discharging in the body of heater is further purified;
This tail gas treatment device comprises: the refrigeratory, high-temperature filter, the first high efficiency particulate air filter, secondary combustion chamber, heat exchanger, scrubbing tower, well heater, the second high efficiency particulate air filter, activated carbon adsorber, the Benitration reactor that connect successively;
Described refrigeratory is used for the gas of discharging body of heater is lowered the temperature, and prevents the filtrator normal operation that its excess Temperature impact is follow-up;
Described high-temperature filter is used for the particle of elimination gas, and by charging aperture it is sent back in the body of heater of radioactive waste treatment facility;
Described the first high efficiency particulate air filter is used for the aerosol particle of elimination gas, and by charging aperture it is sent back in the body of heater of radioactive waste treatment facility;
Described secondary combustion chamber is used for the inflammable gas of burning gases;
Described heat exchanger is used for the cooling of the gas after the burning is prevented the generation of dioxin;
Described scrubbing tower is used for dust is further lowered the temperature, deacidifies, removed to gas;
Described well heater is used for gas is reheated to more than the dew point;
Described the second high efficiency particulate air filter is used for the elimination aerosol particle, and by charging aperture it is sent back in the body of heater of radioactive waste treatment facility;
Described activated carbon adsorber is used for Adsorption of Heavy Metals, organic contaminant;
Described Benitration reactor is used for removing oxides of nitrogen.
7. radioactive waste treatment facility as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described body of heater is the uncovered column type, is level or center bottom it to the circular arc of outer process; Described bottom of furnace body central authorities are provided with the molten mass floss hole, and this molten mass floss hole is column type or funnel type.
8. radioactive waste treatment facility as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, on the described bell or upper of furnace body be provided with 2～3 electrode patchholes, each electrode patchhole has electrode to insert in the body of heater; There is angle between each electrode, moves downward to being in contact with one another at electrode;
Each electrode patchhole side on the described bell is equipped with an electrod driving device, is used for moving up and down and left rotation and right rotation of control electrode.
9. radioactive waste treatment facility as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, if radioactive waste treatment facility adopts two electrodes, then the polarity of two electrodes is opposite; If radioactive waste treatment facility adopts three electrodes, then opposite or three electrodes of the polarity of electrode and two other electrode connect three-phase alternating-current supply.
10. radioactive waste treatment facility as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, also is provided with temperature-detecting device and view window on the described bell;
Described temperature-detecting device is for detection of the temperature in the body of heater, above the molten bath; Described view window is used for the state of observation molten bath and radioactive waste.
11. radioactive waste treatment facility as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described cooling device comprises: from the refrigerating module of outer wrap furnace body outer wall and bottom, be arranged at the temperature sensing module of cooling device cooling medium import and export, and the flow-control module that is positioned at the coolant inlet place of refrigerating module;
The temperature sensing module is used for the temperature of sensing cooling medium; Flow-control module is used for the temperature according to the cooling medium of described temperature sensing module institute sensing, and control is by the flow of the cooling medium of described refrigerating module; Refrigerating module comprises the mezzanine space formation that is used for holding cooling medium between internal layer, skin and the ectonexine; Its skin is provided with coolant outlet and coolant entrance.
12. radioactive waste treatment facility as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that, the molten bath of flow-control module in body of heater forms at first, also do not drop into radioactive waste, and when the "dead" inorganic wastes in the described body of heater begins melting, increase the coolant flow in the refrigerating module, body of heater is remained on 25 ℃～150 ℃, make the inorganic wastes that is attached in the body of heater on the inwall solidify the formation scull;
Flow-control module is processed in the radioactive waste process at described radioactive waste treatment facility, if described temperature sensing module senses is higher than 80 ℃ to cooling device exit coolant temperature, then increases the coolant flow in the described refrigerating module; If described temperature sensing module senses is lower than 50 ℃ to cooling device exit coolant temperature, then reduce the coolant flow in the described refrigerating module.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3723102A4 (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2021-11-17 | Joint Stock Company "Rosenergoatom" | Radioactive waste reprocessing unit |
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| CN102157215A (en) | 2011-08-17 |
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