CN102149760B - 含有金属羧酸盐的乙烯-乙烯醇组合物 - Google Patents
含有金属羧酸盐的乙烯-乙烯醇组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102149760B CN102149760B CN200980135489.0A CN200980135489A CN102149760B CN 102149760 B CN102149760 B CN 102149760B CN 200980135489 A CN200980135489 A CN 200980135489A CN 102149760 B CN102149760 B CN 102149760B
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- ethylene
- salt
- vinyl alcohol
- alcohol copolymer
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- OFUAIAKLWWIPTC-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;naphthalene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Mg+2].C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21.C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21 OFUAIAKLWWIPTC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- AXLHVTKGDPVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-amino-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]propanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(N)CNC(=O)OC(C)(C)C AXLHVTKGDPVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HWPKGOGLCKPRLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M monosodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)CC(O)(C([O-])=O)CC(O)=O HWPKGOGLCKPRLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 235000007715 potassium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- PHZLMBHDXVLRIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium lactate Chemical compound [K+].CC(O)C([O-])=O PHZLMBHDXVLRIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- ANBFRLKBEIFNQU-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;octadecanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O ANBFRLKBEIFNQU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium propionate Chemical compound [Na+].CCC([O-])=O JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010334 sodium propionate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229960003212 sodium propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JXAZAUKOWVKTLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium pyrosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OS([O-])(=O)=O JXAZAUKOWVKTLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 235000018341 sodium sesquicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001433 sodium tartrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002167 sodium tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011004 sodium tartrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PODWXQQNRWNDGD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([S-])(=O)=O PODWXQQNRWNDGD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DGSDBJMBHCQYGN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-ethylhexyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COS([O-])(=O)=O DGSDBJMBHCQYGN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NGSFWBMYFKHRBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;2-hydroxypropanoic acid Chemical compound [Na+].CC(O)C(O)=O NGSFWBMYFKHRBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGXKEBACDBNFAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;hexadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O GGXKEBACDBNFAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000438 stratum basale Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012745 toughening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019731 tricalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940078499 tricalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- PLSARIKBYIPYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-H trimagnesium dicitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O PLSARIKBYIPYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 235000015870 tripotassium citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- WCTAGTRAWPDFQO-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;hydrogen carbonate;carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OC([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O WCTAGTRAWPDFQO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种组合物、包含所述组合物或由所述组合物制得的制品、以及用于减少乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物的凝胶形成的方法。所述组合物包含乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包含乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物和金属羧酸盐的组合物、包含所述组合物的制品、以及用于制备所述组合物的方法。
发明背景
乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)为具有良好氧气阻隔性能、抗油、抗静电特性和机械强度的有用聚合材料,并广泛用于各种包装材料,例如膜、片、容器等。在多种情况下,EVOH用作多层结构中的一层。例如,EVOH可与聚烯烃树脂基质等一起共挤出以获得多层结构,其中EVOH层和基质树脂层经由它们之间的粘合剂层而彼此粘合在一起。因此在那些结构中,需要EVOH具有高夹层粘合性。
EVOH可由前体聚合物诸如乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯制得。EVOH的熔融粘度通常随时间而增大,尤其是在高温处理时。粘度的增大会导致熔融EVOH胶凝或凝固。此类行为会导致处理设备的金属表面涂覆有难处理的变色变质聚合物清漆状层,从而致使挤出机螺杆所需的扭矩逐渐增加,并且当脱落时,挤出产物中出现零星的凝胶颗粒。因此,期望获得不含凝胶颗粒并且不表现出这种粘度增大的EVOH,并且更期望它在加热至高温时表现出粘度的降低(粘度降)。
US4753760公开了通过挤出包含润滑剂的甲醇或水-甲醇溶液,制备水解的乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物粒料的方法,所述润滑剂选自下列物质之一:饱和脂肪酸酰胺、不饱和脂肪酸酰胺、双(脂肪酸酰胺)、脂肪酸的金属盐和聚烯烃。还可参见JP64-69653、US5118743、US5360670、JP62-143954、US5118743和US5360670。
US6432552公开了特征在于粘度和扭矩变化率的EVOH粒料,其中粒料带有粘附在所述EVOH粒料表面上的按所述EVOH粒料计含量为30至300ppm的具有12至18个碳原子的高级脂肪酸碱土金属盐。
US5032632公开了包含脂族羧酸的一价或二价金属盐和受阻酚抗氧化剂的EVOH组合物。US6232382公开了包含乙酸和乙酸镁或乙酸钙的EVOH组合物;以及任选的硼化合物和/或乙酸钠,实例显示出粘度降行为和凝胶形成速率降低。US4613644(等同于JP60-199040)公开了由热塑性树脂、EVOH共聚物和低分子量盐或氧化物构成的树脂组合物,提供了不含白点的模制物品,所述低分子量盐或氧化物包含至少一种选自第I至第III族的元素。US7064158公开了包含高级脂族羧酸的过渡金属盐或金属盐的EVOH组合物。US2005/0096419也公开了包含羧酸和磷酸碱金属盐或碱土金属盐的EVOH组合物,该组合物对凝胶的形成具有抗性。这些参考文献无一公开了减少已存在于EVOH树脂中的凝胶的可能性。
还已知,EVOH具有不良的粘合性,尤其是对非极性聚合物,并且改善此粘合性的努力包括将高级脂肪酸的金属盐、金属氧化物、金属氢氧化物、金属碳酸盐、金属硫酸盐和金属硅酸盐掺入到至少一层中(如,JP54-87783)(就层压结构而言)。还可参见US6485842和US6485842。
然而,由于EVOH本身具有不良的粘合性,为避免形成凝胶,达到必须的目标粘度降所需的羧酸钙含量导致EVOH粘合性更差。此外,增加粘合性所需的碱金属盐会导致粘度过度降低。最终,需要可用于将已存在于EVOH组合物中的凝胶移除的方法。因此,与先前EVOH树脂粘合性相比,希望改善不含凝胶并且不形成凝胶的EVOH的粘合性。
发明概述
组合物包含下列物质、基本上由下列物质组成或制得、或由下列物质组成或制得:乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物,其包含按该共聚物的重量计为约20%至约50%的衍生自乙烯的重复单元;
至少一种碱金属盐,其中基于每克该组合物中的碱金属离子的微当量数(μeq/g),存在于所述组合物中的碱金属离子的总含量为约6.5μeq/g至约10μeq/g;
至少一种碱土金属盐,其中基于每克该组合物中的碱土金属离子的微当量数,存在于所述组合物中的碱土金属离子的总含量为约0.5μeq/g至约2.5μeq/g;以及
至少一种具有3至18个碳原子的羧酸盐部分,其中基于每克所述组合物中的羧酸盐的微当量数,存在于所述组合物中的具有3至18个碳原子的总羧酸盐部分为约0.5μeq/g至约7μeq/g。
包含上述组合物的制品,包括单层或多层结构,可为膜、片、管、瓶、容器、导管、纤维、盘碟或杯子形式。
用于制备上述乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物组合物的方法包括使包含乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物的第一组合物与下列组合接触,所述乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物包含按所述共聚物的重量计为约20%至约50%的衍生自乙烯的重复单元,所述组合包含至少一种碱金属盐;至少一种碱土金属盐;至少一种具有3至18个碳原子的羧酸盐部分;以及任选的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物,其包含按所述共聚物的重量计为约20%至约50%的衍生自乙烯的重复单元;其中至少一种碱金属盐与至少一种碱土金属盐在所述组合中的比率为约2至约20当量,并且至少一种羧酸盐部分与至少一种碱土金属盐的比率为约1至约15当量。
可用作浓缩液的组合物包含:乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物,其包含按该共聚物的重量计为约20%至约50%的衍生自乙烯的重复单元;至少一种碱金属盐;至少一种碱土金属盐;和至少一种具有3至18个碳原子的羧酸盐部分;其中至少一种碱金属盐与至少一种碱土金属盐的比率为约2至约20当量,并且至少一种羧酸盐部分与至少一种碱土金属盐的比率为约1至约15当量,并且其中存在于该组合物中的碱土金属离子的总含量基于碱土金属离子的微当量数每克该组合物计为约0.5μeq/g至约250μeq/g。
用于制备改性的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物组合物的方法包括使包含乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物的第一组合物与下列组合熔融混合,所述乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物包含按该共聚物的重量计为约20%至约50%的衍生自乙烯的重复单元,所述组合包含至少一种具有3至18个碳原子的碱土金属羧酸盐;任选的至少一种碱金属盐;以及任选的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物,其包含按该共聚物的重量计为约20%至约50%的衍生自乙烯的重复单元;用于提供改性的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物组合物,其中基于每克所述组合物中的羧酸盐的微当量数,所存在的具有3至18个碳原子的总羧酸盐部分为约0.5μeq/g至约10μeq/g;并且其中与所述第一组合物相比,所述改性的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物组合物具有减少的凝胶。
发明详述
碱金属和碱土金属羧酸盐添加剂的混合物向EVOH提供改善的特性。例如,使用碱金属盐诸如羧酸钠与碱土金属羧酸盐诸如羧酸钙的组合能够获得所需的粘度降行为,并且相对于先前EVOH树脂的粘合性提供具有改善的粘合性的EVOH。
粘度降低的量可通过将在指定温度下处理指定时间后EVOH组合物的粘度与处理较短时间的粘度进行比较而进行描述。例如,可将在250℃下混合约60分钟后测得的粘度与在250℃下混合约30分钟后测得的粘度进行比较(粘度比率)。粘度比率大于1,表明粘度增大;小于1,表明粘度减小。当比率大于1时,据信样品经历交联,这将最终造成可见的凝胶颗粒或白点。就EVOH的膜应用而言,由于美观性原因,凝胶颗粒是不可取的。凝胶由于在EVOH层中形成小孔,因此还会降低氧阻隔值。当比率小于1.0时,样品可经历EVOH分子断链过程,这有助于在持续较长时间的EVOH熔融处理成膜期间,使凝胶形成最小化,并且有可能降低可见凝胶颗粒数。
粘度比率大大高于2是不可取的,因此它们表明,在较长时间内,凝胶有可能在EVOH中逐渐形成。持续数周的生产挤出操作可发生此类情况,其中凝胶可在挤出机壁上生长,并且最终脱落掉入挤出产物中。较低诸如低于0.1的比率也是不可取的,因为如果挤出速率变化,则EVOH的熔融粘度将改变。例如,较低的生产速率将通常赋予熔融物更久的停留时间,从而获得递送到冲模处的更低粘度的EVOH,致使挤塑制品的尺寸变化。
挤出EVOH片所用的温度可从约200℃变化至300℃。由于碱金属盐、碱土金属盐和羧酸盐的组合而致的EVOH分子量降低率与熔融温度成比例。例如,在250℃下处理的组合物可具有高粘度降低率,但是在220℃下粘度降低可以忽略。此变化以及EVOH停留时间的变化意味着可接受的粘度降范围提高。
组合物在此类条件下具有的粘度或扭矩比率可在约0.1至2、0.3至1.1、或0.8至1的范围内。所期望的粘度比率(如上所述测得)可为0.3至1.2、0.5至1.0、或0.7至0.95,例如0.8至0.95、或0.85至0.95。
不受任何理论的束缚,当在高于EVOH熔点下加热时,羧酸盐可致使EVOH断链。断链速率和程度随羧酸盐量的增加而表现出增加。诸如碱度增大的因素可进一步加速断链。类似地,酸度增加可减缓断链,和/或增加交联速率,这会减慢熔融粘度的降低。适宜粘度行为和减少凝胶形成所需的添加剂量取决于EVOH的整体酸-碱特性。粘度行为、凝胶形成与粘合性还受存在于EVOH组合物中的盐的总含量和类型的影响。
EVOH聚合物一般具有约15摩尔%至约60摩尔%、或约20摩尔%至约50摩尔%(诸如28摩尔%、32摩尔%、38摩尔%、44摩尔%或48摩尔%)、或约28摩尔%至约48摩尔%的乙烯含量。可商购获得的EVOH的密度一般在介于约1.12g/cm3至约1.20g/cm3的范围内,并且该聚合物具有介于约142℃至191℃范围内的熔融温度。由聚合度和重复单元的分子量计算出的EVOH组分的重均分子量Mw可在约5,000至约300,000道尔顿或约60,000道尔顿的范围内。
EVOH共聚物可包含共聚单体作为共聚组分。共聚单体的实例是例如α-烯烃诸如丙烯、异丁烯、α-辛烯、α-十二碳烯和α-十八烯,不饱和的羧酸、盐,部分或完全烷基化的酯,腈,酰胺,酸酐,不饱和的磺酸,它们的盐,等等。如果存在的话,所述共聚单体的含量为0.1摩尔%至10摩尔%、或0.5摩尔%至5摩尔%。
EVOH共聚物可由熟知的工艺制得、或可得自商业来源。EVOH共聚物可以通过皂化或水解乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物来制备。因此,EVOH也可以称为水解的乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(HEVA)共聚物。水解度优选地为约50摩尔%至100摩尔%、更优选地为约85摩尔%至100摩尔%,诸如95摩尔%。作为另外一种选择,可通过在甲醇中用碱催化剂诸如甲醇钠或氢氧化钠处理乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物并中和它们,来制备EVOH共聚物。此方法引发酯交换反应。当已获得所需的乙烯-乙烯醇聚合物高转化度时,通过加入略微过量的酸诸如乙酸来中和催化剂,并通过与水或低含量醇-水溶液混合或接触,来使EVOH沉淀。将所得的多孔颗粒从浆液中滤出,通过用水洗涤纯化除去醇和盐副产物(如乙酸钠),并在干燥前的最终洗涤步骤中使用某些弱含水酸将其酸化至pH为4至5。此合成途径的变型是本领域技术人员熟知的。因此根据加工条件,在所述EVOH组合物中可存在少量的各种盐,诸如乙酸钠。
合适的EVOH聚合物可以商品名EVAL得自Eval America(Houston,TX)、Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd(Japan)、或KurarayCompany(Japan)。EVOH还可以商品名SOARNOL得自Noltex L.L.C。此类EVOH树脂的实例包括以商品名EVAL或EVAL SP出售的得自EvalCompany(America)或Kuraray Company(Japan)的那些。此类EVOH树脂的实例包括EVAL F101、EVAL F171、EVAL E105、EVAL J102和EVAL SP521、EVAL SP 292和EVAL SP 482。其他EVOH树脂包括SOARNOLDT2903、SOARNOL DC3203和SOARNOL ET3803。
碱金属盐包含离子,包括锂、钠、钾、铷和/或铯盐。用于所述组合物中的碱金属盐包括碱金属卤化物诸如NaCl,碱金属磷酸盐化合物诸如磷酸钠、磷酸锂、磷酸二钠和一代磷酸钠、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二钠或磷酸氢二钾,碱金属硼化合物诸如硼酸的碱金属盐、硼砂、硼氢化钠等等。碱金属盐的实例还包括乙酸钠和乙酸钾。
实例还包括偏硅酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)二钠钙、硫酸化蓖麻油的钠盐、椰子油、脂肪酸、脂肪酸的钠盐、乙二胺四乙酸二钠、柠檬酸单钠、磷酸二氢钠、单甘油和双甘油的衍生物、核黄素磷酸钠、2-乙基己基硫酸钠、藻酸钠、苯甲酸钠、碳酸氢钠、硫酸氢钠、亚硫酸氢钠、碳酸钠、柠檬酸钠、双乙酸钠、二硬脂基磷酸钠、甲酸钠、葡萄糖酸钠、氢氧化钠、次磷酸钠、碘化钠、乳酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、亚硝酸钠、油酸钠、棕榈酸钠、酒石酸钾钠、丙酸钠、水杨酸钠、碳酸氢三钠、酒石酸钠、硫代硫酸钠、硅酸铝钾、癸酸锂、碘化锂、新癸酸锂、软脂酸锂、硬脂酸锂、磷酸氢铵钾、蓖麻油钾皂、柠檬酸二钾、乙二胺四乙酸二钾、乙二胺四乙酸钾、乙二胺四乙酸四钾、柠檬酸一钾、硫酸化的油酸钾盐、酒石酸氢钾、海藻酸钾、苯甲酸钾、碳酸氢钾、碳酸钾、氯化钾、柠檬酸钾、氢氧化钾、次磷酸钠、碘酸钾、碘化钾、乳酸钾、过硫酸钾、磷酸三钾、丙酸钾、蓖麻油酸单钾、硫酸钾、酒石酸钾钠和柠檬酸三钾。
碱土金属盐是金属离子包括碱土金属离子的那些,包括镁、钙、锶和/或钡盐。用于所述组合物中的碱土金属盐可包括卤化物诸如CaCl2,碱土金属磷酸盐化合物诸如磷酸钙、磷酸二氢钙、磷酸氢钙和磷酸三钙。实例还包括溴化钙、碳酸钙、甘油磷酸钙、碘酸钙、氧化钙、硫酸钙、碳酸镁、氯化镁、氢氧化镁、氧化镁、磷酸镁、磷酸氢二镁、磷酸三镁、乙二胺四乙酸二钠钙和乙二胺四乙酸钙。
优选地,将作为碱土金属羧酸盐、尤其是具有3至18个碳原子的羧酸盐的碱土金属盐加入所述组合物中,包括羧酸镁或羧酸钙、更优选地为羧酸钙。实例包括2-乙基己酸钙、乙酸钙、藻酸钙、苯甲酸钙、癸酸钙、辛酸钙、柠檬酸钙、葡萄糖酸钙、异癸酸钙、异硬脂酸钙、乳酸钙、肉豆蔻酸钙、环烷酸钙、新癸酸钙、油酸钙、棕榈酸钙、泛酸钙、丙酸钙、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酰-2-乳酸钙、硬脂酸锌钙、植物脂肪酸的钙盐或镁盐、2-乙基己酸镁、癸酸镁、辛酸镁、柠檬酸镁、甘油磷酸镁、异癸酸镁、月桂基硫酸镁、亚油酸镁、环烷酸镁、新癸酸镁、油酸镁、棕榈酸镁、蓖麻油酸镁、水杨酸镁、硬脂酸镁、松香锌钙盐、和大豆油脂肪酸的镁盐。
用作EVOH添加剂的羧酸盐由具有3至18个碳原子的有机酸制得。它们优选地为一元酸(在每个分子中具有一个羧酸部分),但是也可使用多元酸,包括二元羧酸诸如酒石酸、富马酸、柠檬酸、乌头酸和己二酸。
脂族有机酸的实例包括C2至C24、或C3至C18(诸如C3-9、C4-18、或C6-9)酸。所述酸在最长碳链上任选地被一至三个取代基取代,这些取代基独立地选自C1至C8烷基或羟基。这些有机酸的实例包括但不限于丙酸、己酸、辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、硬脂酸、异硬脂酸、油酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸,或它们中两种或更多种的组合。饱和的有机酸诸如硬脂酸和辛酸可能为优选的。还可使用芳酸,诸如苯甲酸和萘甲酸。
有机酸可作为指定有机酸与多种不同结构的不同较低含量的有机酸的混合物商购获得。当组合物包含指定的有机酸或其盐时,其他未指定的酸可以指定酸或盐商业供应品中常规已知的含量存在。
这些有机酸中任何一种的盐包括碱金属盐(即,碱金属羧酸盐),使得金属离子包括碱金属离子,包括锂、钠、钾、铷和/或铯盐。优选的碱金属羧酸盐包括羧酸锂、羧酸钠或羧酸钾。
碱土金属羧酸盐包括羧酸镁或羧酸钙,更优选羧酸钙。实例包括辛酸钙和硬脂酸钙。
所述组合物可通过使用本领域技术人员已知的任何方法共混组分制得,例如表面涂布树脂粒料,以进一步熔融混合或干混/混合、挤出、共挤出,制得所述组合物。所述组合物可为粒料共混物、干混物、用部分或所有添加剂组分表面涂布的粒料、或熔融挤出共混物。所述组合物可经由加热与混合的组合(熔融混合或熔融共混)制得。例如,使用熔融搅拌器诸如单螺杆或双螺杆挤出机、共混机、Buss捏合机(Coperion SA(Switzerland))、双螺线Atlantic搅拌器、班伯里密炼机、辗轮式搅拌器等,将所述组分材料混合至基本上分散或均匀,以获得树脂组合物。作为另外一种选择,将一部分组分材料混合到熔融搅拌器中,随后加入余下的组分材料,并且进一步熔融混合,直至基本上分散或均匀。所述添加剂还可被表面涂布在树脂上,从而随后在用于将粒料转换加工成成品的熔融处理期间,混合到所述树脂中。
例如,可通过在间歇式混炼设备诸如哈克混合器、连续式双螺杆或单螺杆挤出机等中熔融混合所述组分,将碱金属盐、碱土金属盐和羧酸盐的组合加入到碱性EVOH树脂中。
作为另外一种选择,可制得碱金属盐、碱土金属盐和羧酸盐在EVOH共聚物组合物中的浓缩物,并且将所述浓缩物加入到附加EVOH共聚物中,以制得最终组合物。
可制得浓缩物,其中碱金属盐、碱土金属盐和羧酸盐的量可为最终EVOH组合物中所需量的2倍至100倍(诸如5倍、10倍、20倍或50倍)。优选的浓缩物可包含最终EVOH组合物中所需量的20至50倍。
EVOH裂解的速率和程度随着盐尤其是羧酸盐总当量数的增加而增大。例如,具有32%乙烯含量的未改性EVOH样品在250℃的上述测试条件下,具有约3的粘度比率;具有12μEq羧酸钙的相同EVOH具有0.65的粘度比率;而具有12μEq羧酸钙和额外4.4μEq乙酸钠的相同EVOH具有接近0的粘度比率。另一种非改性的EVOH具有约2的粘度比率;具有12μEq乙酸钠的相同EVOH具有0.40的粘度比率。
如果在250℃下制得具有高浓度添加剂的浓缩物,则会降低EVOH的分子量,致使粘度不可取地大幅度降低。该裂解可导致获得不能被拉条切粒的浓缩物熔融物,和/或致使其中加入所述浓缩物的任何EVOH树脂具有不良的韧性。为避免EVOH分子量过度降低,可在比处理具有如上所述浓度的添加剂的最终组合物所用温度更低的温度下制备浓缩物。采用等于或低于约220℃的温度制得的浓缩物可提供令人满意的性能。
在聚合和水解过程中,可将碱土金属羧酸盐加入到含有EVOH的甲醇溶剂中。可将浓稠的液体挤出到水中,以硬化EVOH,并且排除溶剂。在此操作期间,碱土金属羧酸盐将吸附到EVOH固体中。所得改性EVOH可被切碎并且用水洗涤。
作为另外一种选择,可在聚合过程的最后步骤期间,将碱金属盐、碱土金属盐和羧酸盐的组合喷雾在EVOH粒料上。在一些情况下,可将所述组合中的一种或多种组分混合到EVOH中,并且将剩余的组分喷雾在所述粒料上。例如,EVOH树脂可包含碱金属盐,并且可将碱土金属盐和羧酸盐喷雾到粒料上。可将碱金属盐加入到树脂中,或者它可存在于所述树脂中,从而作为乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯前体皂化或酯交换反应后的工艺条件。在一些情况下,用碱土金属羧酸盐诸如硬脂酸钙涂布所述粒料是有利的。施加的任何涂层可在树脂粒料的正常最终干燥步骤期间被干燥。
用碱土金属羧酸盐涂布由挤出机挤出的EVOH粒料,可提供在粒料外表面上具有碱土金属羧酸盐的粒料。用碱土金属羧酸盐涂布出自聚合器的EVOH粒料,然后将那些粒料再挤出,是用于制备粒料的方法,其中碱土金属羧酸盐与碱金属盐诸如乙酸钠一起被掺入所述粒料内部。在任何情况下,所述粒料可被再挤出并且加工成成品,其中本文所述的改性剂组合向EVOH提供所需的粘度行为与粘合性的组合。
包含不可接受的高含量凝胶的EVOH树脂可与EVOH共聚物组合物中的碱金属盐、碱土金属盐和羧酸盐共混,以提供最终的改性EVOH组合物,所述组合物具有的凝胶含量低于在如果凝胶含量的降低仅仅是由用具有低含量凝胶的浓缩物稀释具有高含量凝胶的EVOH而致的情况下所预期的含量。期望的凝胶含量可为每50平方英尺小于约2000、小于1000、或小于250粒凝胶的1.5至2.5密耳厚膜。就大于800mm的那些而言,期望的凝胶数可为每50平方英尺小于20、小于15、小于10、或小于5粒凝胶。
如果需要,EVOH组合物可与不同类型的EVOH共混,每种类型的EVOH具有不同的聚合度、不同的乙烯含量和/或不同的皂化度。如果需要,还可将适宜量的各种增塑剂、抗氧化剂、稳定剂、表面活性剂、着色剂、紫外线吸收剂、增滑剂、抗静电剂、干燥剂、交联剂、金属盐、填料、增强剂诸如各种纤维等加入所述树脂组合物中。
如果需要,可将适宜量的任何其他热塑性树脂加入所述树脂组合物中。可加入所述组合物中的其他热塑性树脂包括(例如)各种类型的聚烯烃(例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚-1-丁烯、聚-4-甲基-1-戊烯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、乙烯与具有至少4个碳原子的α-烯烃的共聚物、聚烯烃-马来酸酐共聚物、乙烯-乙烯基酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物、以及通过此类聚合物和共聚物与不饱和羧酸或它们衍生物接枝改性制得的改性聚烯烃,等等)、各种类型的尼龙(例如,尼龙-6、尼龙-6,6、尼龙-6/6,6共聚物等等)、以及聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚酯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚氨酯、聚缩醛、改性聚乙烯醇树脂,等等。
所述组合物可包含抗氧化剂,诸如受阻酚抗氧化剂。受阻酚抗氧化剂可以是一类抗氧化剂中的一种或多种,其特征在于OH官能团邻位上具有大体积位阻取代基的苯酚基团。此类抗氧化剂是熟知的,并且以多种商品名出售。合适的抗氧化剂包括受阻酚抗氧化剂,其选自4,4′-硫代二(6-叔丁基间甲酚)、1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯、四(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基)苯丙酸季戊四醇酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸十八烷酯、N,N′-六亚甲基二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酰胺)、N,N′-三亚甲基二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酰胺)、二(一乙基(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)膦酸)钙、1,2-二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酰基)肼、二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯丙酸)-1,6-己二酯,以及它们中的两种或更多种的组合。
EVOH组合物可形成各种模塑物,诸如膜、片、容器、导管、纤维等。这些模塑物可通过将其碾磨和再次模塑而进行回收利用。由该组合物制成的膜、片和纤维可以是单轴向或双轴向拉伸的。可通过挤出、膨胀挤出、吹塑、熔融纺丝、注塑等方式将该组合物加工成这些制品。待模塑的树脂组合物的熔融温度随组合物中的EVOH的熔点而变化,但优选地介于150和大约270℃之间。
可将EVOH组合物模制成所述组合物自身的单层铸型,或形成多层结构,所述多层结构包括至少一层所述组合物,其中所述组合物的层可为膜、片等任何形式。所述多层结构可包括一层EVOH组合物,一层不同于EVOH组合物的热塑性树脂,以及介于其间的粘合剂层。
多层结构的层构造包括,例如,E/Adh/T、T/Adh/E/Adh/T等等,其中E表示EVOH组合物,Adh表示粘合剂树脂,而T表示热塑性树脂。然而,这些不是限制性的。在多层结构中,每层可以是单层、或多层的(根据具体情况而定)。
可使用制备上述多层结构的任何方法。实例包括:将热塑性树脂熔融挤出到EVOH组合物的模塑物(如,膜、片等)上的方法;将EVOH组合物与其他任何热塑性树脂等一起共挤出的方法;将EVOH组合物与其他任何热塑性树脂一起共注入的方法;经由介于EVOH组合物模塑物膜或片与任何其他基底之间的已知粘合剂(例如有机钛化合物、异氰酸酯化合物、聚酯化合物等)将EVOH组合物模塑物膜或片与任何其他基底层压在一起的方法。在这些方法中,优选的是将EVOH组合物与任何其他热塑性树脂一起共挤出的方法。
可与EVOH组合物层压或共挤出的热塑性树脂包括(例如)烯烃的均聚物或共聚物,诸如线性低密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、中等密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、聚丙烯、丙烯-α-烯烃共聚物(其中α-烯烃具有4至20个碳原子)、聚丁烯、聚戊烯等;聚酯,诸如聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯等;聚酯弹性体;聚酰胺树脂,诸如尼龙-6、尼龙-6,6等;以及聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、丙烯酸类树脂、乙烯基酯树脂、聚氨酯弹性体、聚碳酸酯、氯化聚乙烯、氯化聚丙烯等。在它们中,优选的是聚丙烯、聚乙烯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚酰胺、聚苯乙烯和聚酯。
所述多层结构可任选地包括粘合剂层或“接合”层,以有利于EVOH组合物与另一种热塑性树脂粘合。例如,所述粘合剂树脂优选地包括羧酸改性的聚烯烃。所述羧酸改性的聚烯烃可通过烯键不饱和羧酸或其酸酐与烯烃聚合物通过例如加成反应或接枝反应化学键合而制得。烯烃聚合物包括(例如)聚烯烃诸如聚乙烯(由低压、中压或高压方法制备)、线性低密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯等;烯烃与能够与烯烃共聚合的共聚单体(如,乙烯基酯、不饱和的羧酸盐等)的共聚物,诸如乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物等。在它们中,优选的是线性低密度聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(具有5重量%至55重量%的乙酸乙烯酯含量)和乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物(具有8重量%至35重量%的丙烯酸乙酯含量);并且更优选的是线性低密度聚乙烯和乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。上述烯键不饱和羧酸及其酸酐包括(例如)烯键不饱和一元羧酸及其酯、烯键不饱和二元羧酸及其单酯或二酯以及酸酐。在它们中,优选的是烯键不饱和二元羧酸酸酐,诸如马来酸、富马酸、衣康酸、马来酸酐、衣康酸酐、马来酸单甲酯、马来酸单乙酯、马来酸二乙酯、富马酸单甲酯等。最优选的是马来酸酐、马来酸单甲酯和马来酸单乙酯改性的聚烯烃。此类聚合物可以商品名BYNEL从E.I.duPont de Nemours and Company(DuPont)商购获得。
待加入或接枝到烯烃聚合物上的烯键不饱和羧酸或其酸酐的量(即聚合物的改性度)按所述烯烃聚合物的重量计可介于0.0001重量%和15重量%之间、或介于0.001重量%和10重量%之间。烯键不饱和羧酸或其酸酐与烯烃聚合物的加成反应或接枝反应可在例如催化剂(如,过氧化物等)的存在下、在溶剂(如,二甲苯等)中通过自由基聚合而实现。
作为另外一种选择,所述粘合剂层包含组合物,所述组合物包含乙烯和烯键不饱和二元羧酸酸酐诸如马来酸、富马酸、衣康酸、马来酸酐、衣康酸酐、马来酸单甲酯、马来酸单乙酯、马来酸二乙酯、富马酸单甲酯等的共聚物,所述共聚物可由高压自由基聚合方法获得。它们是“直接”共聚物,即通过同时加入所有单体聚合而成的共聚物。适于制备此类共聚物的高压方法在例如US4351931中有所描述。该方法提供无规共聚物,该共聚物具有单体的共聚单元,这些共聚单元互相反应以形成聚合物链。从而,将所述单元掺入到聚合物主链或链中。这些直接共聚物不同于上述接枝共聚物,其中单体接枝在现有聚合物上,以形成具有侧基的聚合物链。
在190℃下测定时,羧酸改性的聚烯烃的熔体流动速率(MFR)优选介于0.2和30g/10min之间、更优选介于0.5和10g/10min之间。可单独地使用粘合剂树脂以形成单层、或可以结合使用以形成两个或更多个层。
就将EVOH组合物与热塑性树脂共挤出而言,例如,多流道集流T型冲模方法、夹钳式送料区块集流T型冲模方法或膨胀方法中的任何一种均是适宜的。
多层结构中夹层粘合性的一个方面是“半成品粘合性”,这是制品被挤出后的大约第一个小时内显现的粘合性。加工者使用此类粘合性来判断挤出活动的持续成功性。为了简化起见,用“粘合性”来替代“半成品粘合性”。EVOH组合物与粘合剂层之间的粘合性适宜地为约600g/in至约1500g/in、或800至约1200g/in。所述组合物任选地具有(就半成品粘合性和厚度而言,更厚的结构具有更大的粘合性)大于300g/in、大于500g/in、或大于800g/in的粘合力范围。
所述共挤出多层结构可被加工成各种模塑物(如,膜、片、管筒、瓶子等),其包括(例如)下列物质:(1)多层共拉伸片或膜,它们是通过单向或双向拉伸多层结构(如,片、膜等)、或双向拉伸该多层结构并随后加热固定该多层结构而制备的;(2)多层轧制片或膜,它们是通过辗轧多层结构(如,片、膜等)而制备的;(3)多层盘碟或杯子容器,它们是通过使多层结构(如,片、膜等)真空成形、压力成形、真空压力成形或等温成形而制备的;(4)多层瓶子或杯子容器,它们是通过拉伸吹塑多层结构(如,导管等)而制备的。
用于制造多层结构的方法不限于上述这些,并且任何其他已知的制造方法(如,吹塑等)也可应用于所述结构。
实施例
使用的材料
ADH-1:用0.11重量%马来酸酐接枝改性并且MI为1.1g/10min的线性低密度聚乙烯。
EVOH-32-1:含有32摩尔%乙烯的EVOH。
EVOH-32-2:含有32摩尔%乙烯并且210℃下熔融流速为5.4dg/m的EVOH,并包含(由电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP))6ppm钙和16ppm钠作为得自聚合反应的残余物。
EVOH-32-3:含有32摩尔%乙烯并且包含9ppm钙和48ppm钠作为残余物的EVOH。
EVOH-38-1:含有38摩尔%乙烯的EVOH。
EVOH-38-2:含有38摩尔%乙烯并且在210℃下熔融流速为4.4dg/m的EVOH,并且包含8ppm钙和19ppm钠作为残余物。
EVOH-44-1:含有44摩尔%乙烯的EVOH。
EVOH-44-2:含有44摩尔%乙烯并且在210℃下熔融流速为约8g/m的EVOH,包含2ppm钙和14ppm钠作为残余物。
HDPE:高密度聚乙烯。
Irganox 1010:抗氧化剂,得自Ciba Specialty Chemicals,Inc。
辛酸钙:得自Pechiney Ltd。
硬脂酸钙:得自Scandinavian Formulas。
硬脂酸钠:得自City Chemical。
乙酸钠。
熔融无水的硼砂(Na2B4O7)。
磷酸二钠(Na2HPO4.H2O)。
磷酸二氢钠(NaH2PO4)。
在Haake共混机或挤出机中将材料混合。
为评价EVOH组合物的粘合性,通过将下列结构吹塑膜共挤出,制得三层层压吹塑膜结构:HDPE层/ADH-1层/EVOH层。在制备后的约一小时内,使用T-剥离测试测量EVOH层和ADH-1层之间的粘合性。沿膜的纵向将该多层结构切割为1英寸(25.4mm)宽的条,并在最薄的夹层处将条分开。然后将分开的条放置到Instron的夹具中,并且以12英寸/分钟(0.305m/min)的测试速度,测定可将所述条分离的剥离力。记录十个条的平均值。
用于下表中的组合物在与添加剂配混前被评定为未改性的组合物。将EVOH样品置于30mm Werner&Pfleider挤出机中,以约30lb/h的速率熔融共混。冲模处的熔融温度介于220℃至230℃之间。将此熔融物经由单洞模(4.7mm直径)挤出(无过滤网组)成拉条,将所述拉条水冷并且成粒。在100℃以及真空和氮气条件下,使粒料干燥过夜。在250℃下,在毛细管流变仪中测试粒料。在密闭的流变仪中,将它们保留共约90分钟,并且在约72s-1剪切速率下周期性地读取读数。将约60分钟时的粘度读数除以30分钟时的读数,获得比率。阳离子形式的金属元素作为得自聚合反应的残余物存在于未改性EVOH中。使用ICP测定那些元素,并且将粘度比率和对ADH-1的粘合力总结于表1中(V表示所述比率为粘度比率,而T表示所述比率为扭矩比率)。
在下表中,粘度比率是在250℃下保留60分钟后测得的扭矩或粘度与保留约30分钟后测得的扭矩或粘度的比率。扭矩值是在Haake Rheomix 600间歇式设备中使用以50rpm运行的滚轴共混而产生的。该设备填充有55克树脂,并处于盖封闭状态。在顶部周围使用氮气密封层,以使空气最小化。使用毛细管流变仪产生粘度读数,其中将约20克保留在毛细管中,并且安装压杆。将所述树脂保留60分钟。以72s-1的速率周期性地读取粘度读数。
表1
表2中的全部实施例包含2.27kg的EVOH-32-1和4.54g的Irganox1010。所有其他组分如表1中总结的那些,其量均以克为单位。未改性的EVOH-32-1含有50ppm Na和7ppm Ca残余物,并且表现出600g/in的半成品剥离粘合力。与各自的样品85-1和85-4相比,样品85-2和85-5表现出的粘度比率表明了酸度更高的盐(供质子盐)对于所需粘度降效应的抵消效应。
与各自的样品85-1和85-4相比,样品85-2和85-5表现出的粘度比率表明了酸度更高的盐(供质子盐)对于所需粘度降效应的抵消效应。
在30mm W&P挤出机中,使用具有所有输送元件和约5%捏合块元件的螺杆,将所述组合物共混。在175℃设定值下,使螺杆以200rpm的速率运转。将粒料水冷。
表2
将使用3.18kg EVOH和6.36g Iraganox 1010制备的样品总结于表3至表5中。除了以ppm(按重量计)示出的组分外,其他组分的量以克为单位列出。
表3中的数据表明,对于所加入的当量相似的羧酸盐,碱土金属羧酸盐可比碱金属羧酸盐更有效地导致所需的粘度降行为。即,熔融共混的辛酸钙添加剂自身是比乙酸钠添加剂或乙酸钠残余物更有效的成分。样品52-13、52-14和52-15进一步表明了辛酸钙比乙酸钠更大的潜力,并且还表明加入到羧酸钠中的少量羧酸钙可增加羧酸钠造成所需粘度降的有效性。粘度比率按(60min/28min)来测定。
表3
当EVOH包含大于约100ppm的总钠(就32%而言为110ppm,就38%而言为130ppm,就44%而言为150ppm)时,粘合力被改善至高于800g/in。
表4示出具有极好粘合力(大于800g/in,但是几乎没有或无粘度降)的实施例。
表4
表5中的数据示出,仅含有羧酸钙的组合物(实施例95-11、95-13、95-14)具有高粘度降和降低的粘合性。95-15和95-16显示,包含钠离子和钙离子两者的组合物结合了良好粘合性和粘度降。实施例95-16是仅包含乙酸钠的组合物。
表5
在另一个实验中,在Haake Rheomix 600双螺杆间歇式搅拌器中,使用滚刀片,在250℃下熔融共混55克未改性的EVOH-32-3。每分钟转数为50,并监测扭矩60分钟。扭矩与熔融粘度成比例。60分钟处扭矩除以30分钟处扭矩而得的比率为1.7,这表明粘度随时间增加。在另一个实验中,使用由Werner&Pfleiderer制造的30mm双叶双螺杆挤出机,将EVOH-32-3与0.126重量%辛酸钙、0.11重量%硬脂酸钙和0.2重量%Irganox 1010熔融配混。所述螺杆设计为具有所有其长度的5%为捏合块的向前输送元件。熔融温度为215℃,无过滤网组,具有一个4.7mm直径的冲模,并且将所述熔融物在30lb/h速率下拉条切粒。在100℃以及真空条件下,使粒料干燥过夜。在Haake Rheomix 600(55克容量)中,使用在50rpm速率和250℃下运转的滚刀片60分钟,分析粒料的粘度稳定性。60分钟处扭矩与30分钟处扭矩的比率为0.4。该比率表明熔融粘度随时间下降。然后将干燥的粒料加入到Prism A PM-44 16mm双叶双螺杆挤出机中,圆筒设定至220℃;无过滤网组。使用干冰(固体二氧化碳)冷却所述拉条,在不引入水分的情况下,将所述树脂拉条切粒。将所述拉条切粒,并且将所述粒料再挤出。保留通过挤出机4次、8次和12次的粒料样品。
使用由C.W.Brabender Instruments,Inc.(South Hackensack,NJ)出售的1.9cm单(25∶1 L∶D)螺杆挤出机将粒料挤出成吹塑膜,该挤出机用于给料到圆形冲模,以生成3.5密尔(±1.5密尔)厚的吹塑膜。当将光线投向膜切线方向时,从膜的照片上评估此膜中的凝胶。凝胶表现为白点。手工算出4平方厘米面积内直径大于约0.1mm的凝胶颗粒数。结果总结于表6中。这些结果显示,存在于初始样品(具有和不具有添加剂(“未再挤出”)的EVOH-32-3)中的凝胶显著并出乎意料地减少。
表6
通过使EVOH与添加剂共混,并且使熔融物经历适度混合,可实现凝胶减少速率的增加。
作为比较,还将以商品名F101由Kuraray提供的商用32%EVOH重复再挤出,然后挤出成吹塑膜。未再挤出树脂以及4次、8次和12次再挤出树脂的凝胶数恒定为约3粒凝胶每4cm2。
在另一个实验中,如上所述使EVOH-32-3粒料与0.126%辛酸钙、0.11%硬脂酸钙和0.2%Irganox 1010熔融配混,并且经由上文使用的方法在毛细管流变仪中测定熔融稳定性,不同的是在230℃而非250℃下测定。60分钟处粘度除以30分钟处粘度而得的比率为0.99。在210℃下的新制样品上运行流变仪测试,该粘度比率为1.15。此结果表明,羧酸盐添加剂在210℃下没有裂解EVOH分子,在该温度下的比率与在230℃或尤其是在250℃下的那些比率类似。此结果表明,可在低温下制得添加剂组分在EVOH载体中的浓缩物,而没有载体自身被降解的问题。
在另一个实施例中,将50克EVOH-32-2与0.2重量%辛酸钙、0.4重量%乙酸钠和2重量%Irganox 1010置于Haake间歇式共混机中,在介于180℃至190℃范围内的温度下共混5分钟。将十份所得组合物与90份EVOH-32-2送入上述向吹塑膜冲模给料的单螺杆挤出机中。将圆筒设定为250℃。进行处理,直至达到稳态,然后将设备关闭3小时。重新开始处理。在两次停留时间处监测留在冲模内的膜凝胶含量。一次停留时间后留在冲模内的膜代表单螺杆挤出机加料结束时保留的树脂。监测该膜中的凝胶。就一次停留时间的膜而言,预计无添加剂的EVOH-32-2具有非常高的凝胶数,并且由含10%的Haake制得的“浓缩物”的EVOH-32-2构成的样品具有低凝胶数,并且粘度降低。
在另一个实验中,使具有32%乙烯含量和1μEq/g残余钠的EVOH与乙酸钠熔融共混,以生成经由ICP测定包含240ppm钠(10.4μEq/g钠)的粒料。在Prism双螺杆挤出机上以及约200℃的熔融温度下,实施共混[E107558-137]。在100℃下使生成的粒料干燥过夜。通过使粒料在250℃的毛细管流变仪中保留60分钟,测试所述粒料。在72s-1下的粘度中间测试提供以下粘度比率:60分钟处粘度除以30分钟处粘度得到的比率为1.1。而未加入乙酸钠的相同EVOH树脂具有的粘度比率为1.8。该结果显示,加入的乙酸钠可提供粘度降效应。
以可保留乙酸钠的方法制备含32%乙烯共聚单体的EVOH。通过ICP测定,树脂中钠的总含量为190ppm(8.3μEq/g)[E109032-98]。将此树脂样品在250℃的毛细管流变仪中保留60分钟。60分钟处粘度除以30分钟处粘度得到的比率为1.38。测试了由89ppm钠(3.9μEq/g)制备的另一个EVOH样品,得到的比率为1.53。该结果显示,使用残余乙酸钠可引起粘度降效应。
在一个实验中,为表明羧酸盐源可以是脂族的或芳族的,使含32%乙烯并且具有13ppm残余钠和3ppm残余钙的EVOH与各种添加剂在250℃的Haake共混机中熔融共混60分钟。监测扭矩。下面的结果表明,芳族或脂族羧酸盐可有效地造成粘度降。
表7
μEq/g | μEq/g | μEq/g | μEq/g | |
辛酸钙 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 0 |
苯甲酸钾 | 6.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
延胡索酸钠 | 0 | 6.4 | 0 | 0 |
硬脂酸钾 | 0 | 0 | 6.5 | 0 |
总计 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.2 | 0 |
扭矩比率 | 0.60 | 0.71 | 0.41 | 未测量 |
使用设定值为210℃的1.5英寸单螺杆挤出机,以30英尺/分钟速率运转,使EVOH-32-2、EVOH-38-2和EVOH-44-2通过20/60/20(目)螺杆组挤出,并挤出成2±0.5密耳厚的膜。通过自动凝胶计数(模面检查)设备“Film Test FSA100”,使用OCS FS-5照相机,监测所述膜,这些设备均由Optical Control Systems GmbH(Witten,Germany)提供。存在的凝胶以每50平方英尺膜上的凝胶颗粒数为单位记录。使用由Werner&Pfleiderer制造的长1750mm的40mm双叶双螺杆挤出机,将相同的EVOH树脂与乙酸钠(其量示于表6中)、200ppm辛酸钙和2000ppm Irganox 1010共混。所述螺杆全部由具有约90mm长的捏合块的向前输送元件构成。不使用过滤网组。圆筒的设定值为约190℃,并且在约205至210℃下保留树脂熔融物。将树脂通过拉条冲模挤出,成粒,并且干燥至约0.3%含水量。以与上文相同的方式将此树脂加工成膜,自动进行凝胶计数测量。结果表明,化学改性的EVOH树脂具有的凝胶数与先前存在于树脂中的凝胶数相比,发生了令人惊奇的减少。结果总结于表8中。
表8
测定熔融粘度比率和粘合力(“良好”表示层不能被分开)(粘合力可大于约900g/in),并总结于表9中。
表9
实施例 | 粘度比率(60分钟/30分钟) | 粘合力(g/in) |
44-9 | 0.71 | 良好 |
44-4 | 0.87 | 良好 |
44-1 | 1.04 | 良好 |
EVOH-32-1 | 1.06 | 31(79) |
EVOH-38-2 | 1.14 | 220(560) |
EVOH-44-2 | 1.07 | 155(393) |
可由EVOH-32和EVOH-38制备类似的膜,它们是未改性的,或通过加入辛酸钙和乙酸钠的组合而改性的。使用30mm挤出机,采用上述条件制得所述粒料。不加入添加剂,使未改性EVOH-32-3和EVOH-38-2粒料通过挤出机处理,并且保存。将一组新的具有添加剂200ppm辛酸钙、580ppm乙酸钠和2000ppm Irganox 1010的EVOH-32-3和EVOH-38-2粒料通过挤出机处理。将粒料的4个样品干燥,并加工为膜,再通过已述的方法进行激光计数。结果(表10)表明,添加剂组合的存在是造成原先存在于未改性的EVOH粒料中的凝胶数减少的原因。
表10
在另一个实验中,通过将55g EVOH-32-2与2000ppm辛酸钙、20000ppm Irganox 1010和5800ppm乙酸钠在225℃下以125rpm速率共混5分钟,制得添加剂浓缩物。当温度恒定保持在225℃时,扭矩没有降低。将所得产物研磨成尺寸为约2mm的颗粒。将该颗粒与EVOH-32-2以1份比10份的比率干燥共混。再把该干混物送入如上所述的单螺杆挤出机中,不同之处在于此处的螺杆为混炼螺杆,此螺杆的约33%被限定为促使熔融物的混合。将挤出物制成厚约2密耳的吹塑膜。未改性EVOH-32-2的凝胶含量为每4平方厘米10粒凝胶。改性EVOH-32-2的凝胶含量为每4平方厘米3粒凝胶。
Claims (16)
1.包含乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物和混合物、或由所述乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物和混合物制备的组合物,其中
所述乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物包含按所述共聚物的重量计20%至50%的衍生自乙烯的重复单元;
所述混合物包含至少一种碱金属盐、至少一种碱土金属盐和至少一种具有3至18个碳原子的羧酸盐部分;
基于每克所述组合物中的碱金属离子的微当量数(μeq/g),存在于所述组合物中的碱金属离子为6.5μeq/g至10μeq/g、2.5μeq/g至6.5μeq/g、或1μeq/g至2.5μeq/g;
基于每克所述组合物中的羧酸盐微当量数,存在于所述组合物中的羧酸盐部分为0.5μeq/g至7μeq/g;并且
与所述乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物相比,所述组合物具有减少的凝胶形成,其中所述存在的凝胶是通过自动凝胶计数设备“Film TestFSA100”记录为对于2+0.5密耳厚的膜、每50平方英尺的凝胶颗粒数。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中
所述乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物包含30%至44%的衍生自乙烯的重复单元;并且
所述碱金属盐为碱金属乙酸盐,并且所述羧酸盐部分为碱土金属羧酸盐。
3.权利要求1或2的组合物,其中
所述乙烯-乙烯醇包含30%至40%的衍生自乙烯的重复单元;
所述碱土金属羧酸盐为辛酸钙;并且所述组合物具有0.3至1.2的粘度比率。
4.权利要求1或2的组合物,其中
存在于所述组合物中的碱金属盐为6.5μeq/g至10μeq/g;并且
存在于所述组合物中的羧酸盐部分为0.5μeq/g至4μeq/g。
5.权利要求1或2的组合物,其中所述组合物还包含抗氧化剂,并且由所述组合物制成的1.5至2.5密耳(37至62μm)厚的膜具有每50平方英尺小于2000粒凝胶的凝胶含量。
6.权利要求5的组合物,其中
所述抗氧化剂为受阻酚抗氧化剂;
所述碱金属盐与所述碱土金属盐的比率为1至20当量;
所述羧酸盐部分与所述碱土金属盐的比率为O.1至15当量;并且
基于每克所述组合物中的碱土金属离子的微当量数,存在于所述组合物中的碱土金属离子为0.5μeq/g至400μeq/g。
7.权利要求1或2的组合物,其中
存在于所述组合物中的碱金属离子为1μeq/g至2.5μeq/g;
基于每克所述组合物中的碱土金属离子的微当量数,存在于所述组合物中的碱土金属离子为O.5μeq/g至4μeq/g;并且
基于每克所述组合物中的羧酸盐微当量数,存在于所述组合物中的羧酸盐部分为O.5μeq/g至4μeq/g。
8.权利要求1或2的组合物,其中基于每克所述组合物中的碱土金属离子微当量数,存在于所述组合物中的碱土金属离子为2.5μeq/g至4μeq/g;并且基于每克所述组合物中的羧酸盐微当量数,存在于所述组合物中的总羧酸盐部分为2.5μeq/g至4μeq/g。
9.权利要求1或2的组合物,其中
存在于所述组合物中的碱金属离子为2.5μeq/g至6.5μeq/g;
基于每克所述组合物中的碱土金属离子微当量数,存在于所述组合物中的碱土金属离子为O.5μeq/g至4μeq/g;
存在于所述组合物中的总羧酸盐部分为O.5μeq/g至4μeq/g。
10.权利要求9的组合物,其中存在于所述组合物中的碱土金属离子为2.5μeq/g至4μeq/g。
11.包含或由如权利要求1至9中任一项所表征的组合物制备的制品,所述制品包括单层结构或多层结构,并且所述制品包括膜、片、管、瓶、容器、导管、纤维、盘碟或杯子。
12.权利要求11的制品,其中
所述制品为多层结构;
所述结构包括第一层、粘合剂层和第二层;
所述第一层包含所述组合物;
所述第二层包含不同于所述组合物的热塑性树脂;
所述热塑性树脂为聚烯烃、聚酯、聚酯弹性体、聚酰胺、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、丙烯酸类树脂、乙烯基酯树脂或它们中的两种或更多种的组合;并且所述聚烯烃为线性低密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、中等密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、聚丙烯、丙烯-α-烯烃共聚物、聚丁烯、聚戊烯、氯化聚乙烯、氯化聚丙烯、或它们中的两种或更多种的组合;并且
所述粘合剂层介于所述第一层和所述第二层之间;并且所述第一层和所述粘合剂层之间的粘合力大于300g/in。
13.权利要求12的制品,其中所述热塑性树脂是聚碳酸酯或聚氨酯弹性体。
14.包括将未改性的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物与混合物熔融混合,以产生改性的乙烯乙烯醇共聚物组合物的方法,其中
所述未改性的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物包含按所述共聚物的重量计20%至50%的衍生自乙烯的重复单元;
所述混合物包含至少一种碱金属盐;至少一种碱土金属盐和至少一种具有3至18个碳原子的羧酸盐部分;
所述改性的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物组合物具有与所述乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物相比减少的凝胶,并且与权利要求1至10中任一项权利要求所定义的组合物相同,其中所述存在的凝胶是通过自动凝胶计数设备“Film Test FSA100”记录为对于2+0.5密耳厚的膜、每50平方英尺的凝胶颗粒数;
基于每克所述未改性乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物中的羧酸盐的微当量数,存在于所述混合物中的总羧酸盐部分为0.5μeq/g至10μeq/g;
所述碱金属盐与所述碱土金属盐的比率为1至20当量;并且
所述至少一种羧酸盐部分与所述碱土金属盐的比率为O.1至15当量。
15.包括将未改性的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物与混合物熔融混合以产生改性的乙烯乙烯醇共聚物的方法,其中
所述未改性的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物包含按所述共聚物的重量计20%至50%的衍生自乙烯的重复单元;
所述混合物包含至少一种碱金属盐;至少一种碱土金属盐和至少一种具有3至18个碳原子的羧酸盐部分;
所述改性的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物组合物具有与所述乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物相比减少的凝胶,并且与权利要求1至10中任一项权利要求所定义的组合物相同,其中所述存在的凝胶是通过自动凝胶计数设备“Film Test FSA100”记录为对于2+0.5密耳厚的膜、每50平方英尺的凝胶颗粒数;
基于每克所述未改性乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物中的羧酸盐的微当量数,存在于所述混合物中的总羧酸盐部分为0.5μeq/g至10μeq/g;
所述碱金属盐与所述碱土金属盐的比率为1至20当量;并且
所述至少一种羧酸盐部分与所述碱土金属盐的比率为O.1至15当量,
所述混合物还包含第二未改性的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物,所述第二未改性的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物包含按所述共聚物的重量计20%至50%的衍生自乙烯的重复单元;并且
所述方法还包括使所述改性的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物与未改性的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物接触,所述未改性的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物包含按所述共聚物的重量计20%至50%的衍生自乙烯的重复单元。
16.用于制备改性的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物组合物的方法,所述方法包括:使第一组合物与一种混合物熔融混合,所述第一组合物包含乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物,所述乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物包含按所述共聚物的重量计20%至50%的衍生自乙烯的重复单元,所述混合物包含至少一种具有3至18个碳原子的碱土金属羧酸盐;任选地至少一种碱金属盐;以及任选地乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物,所述乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物包含按所述共聚物的重量计20%至50%的衍生自乙烯的重复单元;以产生改性的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物组合物,其中基于每克所述组合物中的羧酸盐的微当量数,所存在的具有3至18个碳原子的总羧酸盐部分为0.5μeq/g至10μeq/g;并且其中与所述第一组合物相比,所述改性的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物组合物具有减少的凝胶,其中所述凝胶存在是通过自动凝胶计数设备“Film Test FSA100”记录为对于2+0.5密耳厚的膜、每50平方英尺的凝胶颗粒数。
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- 2009-09-11 EP EP09792470A patent/EP2331623B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2009-09-11 WO PCT/US2009/056676 patent/WO2010030892A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-09-11 CN CN200980135489.0A patent/CN102149760B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-09-11 JP JP2011527000A patent/JP5801199B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JP5801199B2 (ja) | 2015-10-28 |
CN102149760A (zh) | 2011-08-10 |
AU2009291633B2 (en) | 2015-07-23 |
JP2012502175A (ja) | 2012-01-26 |
AU2009291633A1 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
EP2331623B1 (en) | 2012-11-28 |
EP2331623A1 (en) | 2011-06-15 |
US20100068435A1 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
WO2010030892A1 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
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