CN102137838B - 抗氧剂 - Google Patents

抗氧剂 Download PDF

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CN102137838B
CN102137838B CN200980133353.6A CN200980133353A CN102137838B CN 102137838 B CN102137838 B CN 102137838B CN 200980133353 A CN200980133353 A CN 200980133353A CN 102137838 B CN102137838 B CN 102137838B
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compound
oil
alkyl
hydrogen
lubricating oil
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CN102137838A (zh
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T·E·纳莱斯尼克
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Lanxess Solutions US Inc
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Crompton Corp
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Abstract

一种可用作抗氧剂的二烷基苯胺基环己烷化合物具有以下式(I)或式(II):其中Ar1和Ar2可以相同或不同,并且各自是烷基芳基;R1,R2,R3和R4中的每一个独立地选自氢或CR7R8;R5,R6和R7中的每一个独立地选自氢和取代或未取代的C1-C32烃基;并且每个R8独立地选自氢和C1-C2烷基,前提是,当R1和R2中的每一个是CR7R8并且每个这样的R8不是氢时,R1和R2可以被连接以形成五或六元环,并且另一个前提是,当R3和R4中的每一个是相邻的CR7R8并且每个这样的R8不是氢时,R3和R4可以被连接以形成五或六元环。

Description

抗氧剂
领域
本发明涉及抗氧剂,它们的制备方法,和它们的特别但非排他地作为润滑剂组合物用添加剂的用途。
背景
用于例如汽车或卡车的内燃机的润滑油在使用过程中经历苛刻的环境。这种环境导致所述油的氧化,该氧化被所述油中存在的杂质如铁化合物催化,并且还被所述油在使用过程中经历的升高的温度促进。所述油的这种催化氧化不仅对所述油中腐蚀性氧化产物和淤渣的形成有贡献,并且还能够引起所述油的粘度增加或者甚至引起所述油固化。润滑油在使用过程中的这种氧化通常通过使用抗氧化添加剂而在一定程度上控制,所述抗氧化添加剂可以延长所述油的使用寿命,例如通过降低或防止不希望的粘度增加。
已知可有效延长润滑油的寿命的添加剂包括酚类抗氧剂和胺类抗氧剂。酚类抗氧剂含有一个或多个受阻酚官能团,并且可以被单独使用或者与其它添加剂如烷基化的胺类抗氧剂增效组合使用。胺类抗氧剂含有一个或多个氮原子,并且典型地包含烷基化的二苯基胺和酚噻嗪。文献中已经报道了酚类抗氧剂、酚噻嗪和烷基化的二苯基胺的合成和使用。
例如,从美国专利号4,824,601知道通过二苯基胺与二异丁烯以1∶1.1-1∶2.5的摩尔比在酸活化的土催化剂(earth catalyst)存在下在至少160℃的反应温度下反应生产液体抗氧剂组合物。所述反应产物是叔丁基化的二苯基胺、叔辛基化的二苯基胺和(iii)更高级烷基化的二苯基胺的混合物,其中4,4′-二叔辛基二苯基胺在最终反应物(不包括催化剂)中的含量低于25重量%,和二苯基胺的含量低于10重量%。所述产物据说是用于矿物油和合成物(synthetic origin)组成的润滑剂和功能流体的优异的抗氧剂。
另外,美国专利公开号2005/0230664公开了一种通过如下反应制备的润滑剂抗氧剂混合物:烷基化的二苯基胺与醛或酮在酸性催化剂存在下部分缩合,以产生至少一种以下通式的9,10-二氢化吖啶:
Figure BDA0000048114090000021
其中,R1,R2,R3和R4独立地选自下组:氢,C3-C32烷基和C3-C32烯基,前提是R1,R2,R3和R4中至少之一不是氢,并且R5和R6独立地选自下组:C1-C20烃基和氢;其中,在所述缩合反应结束时,不从所述9,10-二氢化吖啶产物分离残余的烷基化的二苯基胺。
另外,在许多市售的胺抗氧剂中,
Figure BDA0000048114090000022
403由ChemturaCorporation供应,并且是下式的N,N’-二仲丁基-对苯二胺:
Figure BDA0000048114090000023
然而,持续需要提供改进的性能和在低含量下有效的新型抗氧剂和抗氧剂体系。这种持续的需要可归因于许多因素。一个这样的因素是,在最近几年,内燃机经常在甚至更高的温度下操作,这往往增加氧化速率并缩短油的使用寿命。另外,强烈希望将便宜的基础油料用于润滑油组合物,所述便宜的基础油料具有差的耐氧化性并要求更有效率和更有效的抗氧剂。还需要具有更长的使用寿命期的润滑油,以支持机动车更长的服务期。
按照本发明,一类新型的二烷基苯胺基环己烷化合物已经被制备,已发现当单独或与其它添加剂一起用于润滑剂复配物、燃料复配物和橡胶组合物中时,所述化合物显示了有利的抗氧剂性能。
1,4-二(苯基氨基)环己烷是已知的化合物,并且按照俄罗斯专利号755,812,该化合物与对苯二酚组合可用于增加合成橡胶的耐焦烧性。
概述
在一个方面,本发明涉及具有以下式I或式II的二烷基苯胺基环己烷化合物:
Figure BDA0000048114090000031
其中Ar1和Ar2可以相同或不同,并且各自是烷基芳基;R1,R2,R3和R4中的每一个独立地选自氢或CR7R8;R5,R6和R7中的每一个独立地选自氢和取代或未取代的C1-C32烃基;并且每个R8独立地选自氢和C1-C2烷基,前提是,当R1和R2中的每一个是CR7R8并且每个这样的R8不是氢时,R1和R2可以被连接以形成五或六元环,并且另一个前提是,当R3和R4中的每一个是相邻的CR7R8并且每个这样的R8不是氢时,R3和R4可以被连接以形成五或六元环。
方便地,R1,R2,R3和R4中的每一个是氢。
方便地,Ar1和Ar2中的每一个是烷基芳基,其中所述烷基是C1-C30烷基,例如C2-C20烷基。
方便地,Ar1和Ar2中的每一个是烷基芳基,其中所述烷基在所述氮原子的对位连接到所述烷基芳基上。
一般地,Ar1和Ar2中的每一个是相同的烷基芳基。
在一个实施方案中,所述二烷基苯胺基环己烷化合物选自对-二(对正丁基苯胺基)-环己烷,对-二(对正己基苯胺基)-环己烷和对-二(对正十二烷基苯胺基)-环己烷。
在另一个方面,本发明涉及一种生产所述一个方面的二烷基苯胺基环己烷化合物的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:在还原烷基化条件下,使至少一种式III的化合物:
Figure BDA0000048114090000041
其中R9是R5或R6,并且R10是C1-C30烷基,
与式IV或V的化合物反应:
Figure BDA0000048114090000042
在另一个方面,本发明涉及一种润滑油组合物,其包含:(a)基础润滑剂,和(b)具有式I或I I的二烷基苯胺基环己烷化合物,典型地该化合物的量介于总润滑油组合物的约0.1wt%和约10wt%之间。
在另一个方面,本发明涉及一种燃料组合物,其包含:(a)基础燃料,和(b)具有式I或II的二烷基苯胺基环己烷化合物,典型地该化合物的量介于总燃料组合物的约10ppm和约1000ppm之间。
在另一个方面,本发明涉及一种橡胶组合物,其包含:(a)基础橡胶,和(b)具有式I或II的二烷基苯胺基环己烷化合物,典型地该化合物的量介于总橡胶组合物的约0.5wt%和约8.0wt%之间。
附图简要说明
图1是比较在含有不同量二(对丁基苯胺基)-1,4-环己烷和二壬基化二苯基胺的润滑剂组合物的TEOST测试中wt%沉积物对抗氧剂添加水平的图。
图2是比较在含有不同量二(对丁基苯胺基)-1,4-环己烷和二壬基化二苯基胺的润滑剂组合物的PDSC测试中氧化诱导时间(OIT)(分钟)对抗氧剂添加水平的图。
实施方案的详细描述
术语“烃基(hydrocarbyl radical)”,“烃基(hydrocarbyl)”和“烃基基团(hydrocarbyl group)”在整个本文件中可以互换使用。类似地,术语“基团”,“基”和“取代基”在本文件中也可以互换使用。就本公开来说,“烃基”被定义为一种基,其含有氢原子和最多32个碳原子,并且其可以是线性的、支化的或环状的,并且当是环状的时,其可以是芳族的或非芳族的。因此,烷基、环烷基、烯基、烷芳基和芳烷基包括在术语“烃基(hydrocarbyl radical)”,“烃基(hydrocarbyl)”和“烃基基团”内。
取代的烃基是这样的基,其中至少一个氢原子已经用至少一个官能团如NR*2,OR*等取代,或者其中至少一个非烃原子或基团已经被插入到所述烃基中,例如-O-,-S-,-N(R*)-,=N-等,其中R*独立地是烃基或卤化碳基(halocarbyl radical),并且两个或更多个R*可以连接在一起以形成取代或未取代的、饱和、部分未饱和或芳族的环状或多环结构。
在提到基团Ar1和Ar2为烷基芳基时,应明白所述基础芳族化合物可以是单环的,如在苯的情况,或者可以是多环的,如例如在萘的情况。而且,所述芳族化合物可以是至少部分饱和的。另外,连接到所述芳族化合物的烷基可以是线性的、支化的或环状的,并且可以是部分不饱和的。杂原子如氧、氮和/或硫也可以存在。
本文描述的是某些新型二烷基苯胺基环己烷化合物的组合物和合成,以及它们作为润滑剂、燃料和橡胶组合物中的抗氧剂的用途。特别地,当添加到润滑剂组合物如曲柄轴箱油中时,这些化合物被发现在延长润滑剂组合物如曲柄轴箱油的寿命期氧化稳定性方面比常规的烷基化的苯基胺更有效,特别是在较高的添加水平下。
本发明的二烷基苯胺基环己烷化合物符合下面所述的式I或II:
Figure BDA0000048114090000061
其中Ar1和Ar2可以相同或不同,并且各自是烷基芳基;R1,R2,R3和R4中的每一个独立地选自氢或CR7R8;R5,R6和R7中的每一个独立地选自氢和取代或未取代的C1-C32烃基;并且每个R8独立地选自氢和C1-C2烷基,前提是,当R1和R2中的每一个是CR7R8并且每个这样的R8不是氢时,R1和R2可以被连接以形成五或六元环,并且另一个前提是,当R3和R4中的每一个是相邻的CR7R8并且每个这样的R8不是氢时,R3和R4可以被连接以形成五或六元环。
方便地,R1,R2,R3和R4中的每一个是氢。
方便地,Ar1和Ar2中的每一个是烷基芳基,其中所述烷基是C1-C30烷基,例如C2-C20烷基,典型地所述烷基在氮原子的对位连接到所述烷基芳基上。一般地,Ar1和Ar2是相同的。
具有式I或II的代表性的化合物包括对-二(对正丁基苯胺基)环己烷,对-二(对正己基苯胺基)环己烷和对-二(对正十二烷基苯胺基)环己烷。这些化合物中的每一种都可以以顺式形式、反式形式或者所述顺式和反式形式的混合物的形式存在。
本发明的二烷基苯胺基环己烷化合物方便地通过式(III)的烷基苯胺:
Figure BDA0000048114090000071
其中R9是R5或R6,并且R10是C1-C30烷基,
与式(IV)或(V)的环己二酮化合物:
Figure BDA0000048114090000072
或所述间位同系物的还原烷基化合成,所述还原烷基化反应使用化学计量的还原剂如三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠,或者使用氢气和氢化催化剂,如实施苯二胺与醛和酮的还原烷基化那样。另一种合适的合成方法包括烷基苯胺与环己烷二醇和金属脱水催化剂如Raney镍在升高的温度如约80℃-约200℃下的反应。
一般地,R10在所述式(III)化合物上的胺基团的对位,并且所述式(IV)或(V)的化合物包括1,4-环己烷二酮和1,3-环己烷二酮中的至少一种。
本文中描述的所述二烷基苯胺基环己烷化合物可用作润滑油组合物用抗氧剂,典型地其量介于总润滑油组合物的约0.1wt%和约10wt%之间。
任何合适的润滑粘度的油可以与本发明的抗氧剂一起使用,包括被定义为American Petroleum Institute组I,II和III的那些油,并且可以是任何合适的润滑粘度范围的,例如在100℃具有约1.5厘沲(cSt)-约1,000cSt,优选约2cSt-约100cSt的运动粘度范围。合适的润滑粘度的油包括发动机油,传动流体,液压流体,齿轮油,船用汽缸油,压缩机油,冷冻润滑剂和它们的混合物。一般地,所述润滑油组合物具有小于约0.08重量%的磷含量。
有用的天然油包括矿物润滑油,例如液体石油润滑油,溶剂处理或酸处理过的烷属、环烷属或混合的烷属-环烷属型矿物润滑油,衍生自煤或页岩的油,动物油,植物油(例如菜籽油、蓖麻油和猪油)等。
有用的合成润滑油包括:烃油和卤代烃油,例如聚合和共聚的烯烃如聚丁烯、聚丙烯、丙烯-异丁烯共聚物,氯化聚丁烯,聚(1-己烯),聚(1-辛烯),聚(1-癸烯)等和它们的混合物;烷基苯,例如十二烷基苯,十四烷基苯,二壬基苯,二(2-乙基己基)苯等;聚苯,例如联苯,三联苯,烷基化的聚苯等;烷基化的二苯基醚和烷基化的二苯基硫醚,和它们的衍生物、类似物和同系物。
其它有用的合成润滑油包括具有合适粘度的、α-烯烃的液体聚合物。特别有用的合成烃油是氢化的、C6-C18α-烯烃的液体低聚物,例如1-癸烯三聚物。
另一类有用的合成润滑油包括氧化烯聚合物,即均聚物、共聚物和它们的衍生物,其中末端羟基已经通过例如酯化或醚化反应改性。这些油的例子是通过环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷的聚合制备的油,这些聚氧化烯聚合物的烷基和苯基醚(例如具有1000的平均分子量的甲基聚丙二醇醚,具有500-1000的分子量的聚乙二醇二苯基醚,具有1,000-1,500的分子量的聚丙二醇的二乙基醚等),或它们的一元和多元羧酸酯,例如四甘醇的乙酸酯、混合的C3-C8脂肪酸酯或C13含氧酸二酯。
另一类有用的合成润滑油包括二羧酸与各种醇的酯,所述二羧酸例如是邻苯二甲酸,琥珀酸,烷基琥珀酸,烯基琥珀酸,马来酸,壬二酸,辛二酸,癸二酸,富马酸,己二酸,二聚亚油酸,丙二酸,烷基丙二酸,烯基丙二酸等,所述醇例如是丁醇,己醇,十二烷基醇,2-乙基己醇,乙二醇,二乙二醇单醚,丙二醇等。这些酯的具体实例包括己二酸二丁酯,癸二酸二(2-乙基己基)酯,富马酸二正己酯,癸二酸二辛酯,壬二酸二异辛酯,壬二酸二异癸酯,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯,邻苯二甲酸二癸酯,癸二酸二(二十烷基)酯,二聚亚油酸二(2-乙基己基)酯,通过使1摩尔癸二酸与2摩尔四甘醇和2摩尔2-乙基己酸反应形成的复合酯等。
可用作合成油的酯还包括但不限于由具有约5-约12个碳原子的羧酸与醇如甲醇、乙醇等,多元醇和多元醇醚如新戊二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇、三季戊四醇等制备的那些酯。
基于硅的油,例如聚烷基硅氧烷油、聚芳基硅氧烷油、聚烷氧基硅氧烷油、聚芳氧基硅氧烷油和硅酸酯油,构成另一类有用的合成润滑油。这些油的具体实例包括但不限于硅酸四乙酯,硅酸四异丙酯,硅酸四(2-乙基己基)酯,硅酸四(4-甲基己基)酯,硅酸四(对叔丁基苯基)酯,己基-(4-甲基-2-戊氧基)二硅氧烷,聚(甲基)硅氧烷,聚(甲基苯基)硅氧烷等。其它有用的合成润滑油包括但不限于含磷的酸的液体酯,例如磷酸三(甲苯酯),磷酸三辛酯,癸基膦酸的二乙基酯等,聚四氢呋喃等。
所述润滑油可以衍生自未精制的、精制的和再精制的油,所述油是天然的、合成的或上面公开的这些类型中任何两种或更多种的混合物。未精制的油是直接得自天然或合成源(例如煤、页岩或焦油砂沥青)而没有进一步纯化或处理的那些。未精制的油的实例包括但不限于直接得自干馏操作的页岩油,直接得自蒸馏的石油润滑油(petroleumoil),或直接得自酯化方法的酯油,它们中的每一种然后在没有进一步处理的情况下使用。精制的油类似于所述未精制的油,除了它们已经被在一个或多个纯化步骤中进一步处理以改善一种或多种性能。这些纯化技术是本领域技术人员已知的,并且包括例如溶剂萃取,二次蒸馏,酸或碱萃取,过滤,渗滤,加氢处理,脱蜡等。再精制的油通过在与用于得到精制油的那些方法类似的方法中处理用过的油得到。这样的再精制油也被称为再生的或再加工的油,并且经常另外通过用于除去废添加剂和油裂解产物的技术加工。
也可以单独地或与前述天然和/或合成基础油料组合使用衍生自蜡的加氢异构化的润滑油基础油料。这样的蜡异构化物油通过天然或合成蜡或它们的混合物在加氢异构化催化剂上的加氢异构化生产。
天然蜡典型地是通过矿物油的溶剂脱蜡回收的疏松石蜡;合成蜡典型地是通过费-托方法生产的蜡。
如果需要,本文中描述的所述抗氧剂可以与润滑油中常见的其它添加剂组合使用,并且对于改善希望的性能如改善的沉积物控制、抗磨损、摩擦、抗氧化、低温等性能,这样的组合事实上可以给润滑油提供协同增效效果。可见于润滑油的添加剂的实例包括但不限于抗氧剂,抗磨添加剂,清净剂,防锈剂,防雾剂(dehazing agents),破乳剂,金属减活剂,摩擦改进剂,倾点下降剂,防沫剂,助溶剂,包增容剂,缓蚀剂,分散剂,染料,特压添加剂,和它们的混合物。有用的润滑油组合物添加剂的描述参见例如美国专利号5,498,809。当与另一种添加剂一起用于润滑油用添加剂包中时,本文中描述的所述抗氧剂典型地以所述添加剂包的1-约75重量%的量存在。
有用的分散剂包括但不限于聚异丁烯琥珀酰亚胺,聚异丁烯琥珀酸酯,曼尼希碱无灰分散剂等。有用的清净剂包括但不限于金属烷基酚盐,硫化的金属烷基酚盐,金属烷基磺酸盐,金属烷基水杨酸盐等。与本发明的添加剂组合使用的有用的抗氧化添加剂包括但不限于烷基化的二苯基胺,烷基化的受阻酚类,烷基化的取代或未取代的苯二胺,芳基化的取代或未取代的苯二胺,烷基化的油溶性铜化合物,已知赋予氧化稳定性的烷基化的含硫化合物,和它们的混合物。已知赋予氧化稳定性的合适的烷基化含硫化合物包括酚噻嗪,硫化烯烃,硫代氨基甲酸酯,含硫的受阻酚类,二烷基二硫代磷酸锌和它们的混合物。
与本发明的添加剂组合使用的有用的抗磨添加剂包括但不限于有机硼酸酯,有机亚磷酸酯,有机含硫化合物,二烷基二硫代磷酸锌,二芳基二硫代磷酸锌,磷硫化的烃,二烷基二硫代磷酸酯,二芳基二硫代磷酸酯,和它们的混合物。与本发明的添加剂组合使用的有用的摩擦改进剂包括但不限于脂肪酸酯和酰胺,有机钼化合物,二烷基硫代氨基甲酸钼,二烷基二硫代磷酸钼,二硫化钼,二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸三钼簇,非硫钼化合物,和它们的混合物。有用的防沫剂包括但不限于聚硅氧烷等。防锈剂的实例是聚氧化烯多元醇等。有用的粘度指数改进剂包括但不限于烯烃共聚物和分散剂烯烃共聚物等。倾点下降剂的实例是聚甲基丙烯酸酯等。
本文中描述的所述二烷基苯胺基环己烷化合物还可以用作燃料组合物用抗氧剂,典型地其量介于总燃料组合物的约10ppm和约1000ppm之间。
合适的燃料包括任何内燃机烃燃料,例如柴油,汽油,煤油,航空煤油等;醇类燃料,例如甲醇或乙醇;或任何前述燃料的混合物。当所述燃料是柴油时,这样的燃料通常在约212°F(100℃)以上沸腾。所述柴油燃料可以包含常压馏出物或真空馏出物,或者直馏馏出物和热和/或催化裂解馏出物的任何比例的调和物。
当所述燃料是汽油时,它可以衍生自直链石脑油,聚合物汽油,天然汽油,催化裂解或热裂解的烃,催化重整的油料等。本领域技术人员将明白,汽油燃料典型地在约80°F-约450°F(27℃-232℃)的范围内沸腾,并且可以含有直链或支链烷属烃,环烷属烃,烯烃,芳族烃,和这些物质的任何混合物。
本文中描述的所述二烷基苯胺基环己烷化合物还可以用作抗氧剂,用于天然和合成聚合物和橡胶,如丁二烯的聚合物和其与苯乙烯或丙烯腈的共聚物,和异戊二烯或氯丁二烯聚合物。当用作橡胶抗氧剂时,本发明的化合物典型地以介于总橡胶组合物的约0.5wt%和约8.0wt%之间的量存在。
另外,本文中描述的所述二烷基苯胺基环己烷化合物可以被用作稳定剂,用于经历氧化、热和/或光诱导的降解和需要稳定化以防止或抑制这种降解的其它有机材料。这样的有机材料的实例包括多元醇,氨基甲酸酯,多元醇和氨基甲酸酯的反应产物,塑料,油脂,屋顶板(roof sheeting),电缆,垫圈,密封件,复合轮胎和橡胶带。
现在将结合以下实施例和附图更具体地描述本发明。
实施例1:二(对丁基苯胺基)-1,4-环己烷的制备
向配有机械搅拌器、氮气保护、回流冷凝器和热电偶的100ml反应容器中加入1,4-环己二酮(2.5克,0.022M),对正丁基苯胺(7.5克,0.050M),冰乙酸(1.5克,0.025M)和30ml四氢呋喃(THF)。向在室温下的该搅拌的溶液中,一次性添加6.5克(0.0305M)三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(STAB-H)。所述反应可能用5分钟放热升温至50℃。在剧烈搅拌下,将温度缓慢升至60℃并保持1小时。然后将温度降至25℃,此时添加第二份6.5克STAB-H。然后在剧烈搅拌下将温度再升至60℃并在60℃保持2小时。此时STAB盐球可能从溶液中析出,此时可能必须添加更多的THF,并且所述盐球破碎。
在所述反应完成后,将温度降低至30℃,并且将反应溶液用100ml乙酸乙酯稀释并转移到分液漏斗中。然后将产物溶液用三份50ml的5%NaOH水溶液,一份50ml的5%碳酸钠水溶液和两份50ml的水洗涤,然后将所述有机层用无水硫酸镁干燥。过滤所述干燥的溶液,并在真空下除去溶剂,得到8.5克的微红色粘稠液体。然后使该液体通过1x4英寸的硅胶柱,最初使用己烷作为柱溶剂。所述起始反应物和副产物首先通过所述柱。然后将柱溶剂换为10-20%THF在己烷中的溶液,以将希望的产物从所述柱上冲洗下来。所述产物是顺式和反式对环己烷异构体的混合物,其可以在静置时缓慢固化。收集的产物的量为4.6克。通过从热甲醇重结晶,可以从所述异构体混合物分离一些反式异构体。
实施例2:二(对十二烷基苯胺基)-1,4-环己烷的制备
向配有机械搅拌器、氮气保护、回流冷凝器和热电偶的100ml反应容器中加入1,4-环己二酮(2.4克,0.021M),对十二烷基苯胺(13克,0.050M),冰乙酸(1.0克,0.016M)和30ml THF。向在室温下的该搅拌的溶液中,一次性添加7.2克(0.031M)三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(STAB-H)。所述反应可能用5分钟放热升温至50℃。在剧烈搅拌下,将温度缓慢升至60℃并保持1小时。然后将温度降至25℃,此时添加第二份5.2克(0.24M)STAB-H。然后在剧烈搅拌下将温度再升至60℃并在60℃保持2小时。此时STAB盐球可能从溶液中析出,此时可能必须添加更多的THF,并且所述盐球破碎。
在所述反应完成后,将温度降低至30℃,并且将反应溶液用100ml己烷稀释并转移到分液漏斗中。然后将产物溶液用三份50ml的5%NaOH水溶液,一份50ml的5%碳酸钠水溶液和两份50ml的水洗涤,然后将所述有机层用无水硫酸镁干燥。过滤所述干燥的溶液,并在真空下除去溶剂,得到8.5克的微红色粘稠液体。然后使该液体通过2x8英寸的硅胶柱,最初使用己烷作为柱溶剂。所述起始反应物和副产物首先通过所述柱。然后将柱溶剂换为5%THF在己烷中的溶液,以将希望的产物从所述柱上冲洗下来。所述产物是顺式和反式对环己烷异构体的混合物。所述产物是粘稠的暗红色液体。
实施例3:二(对己基苯胺基)-1,4-环己烷的制备
向配有机械搅拌器、氮气保护、回流冷凝器和热电偶的250ml反应容器中加入1,4-环己二酮(5.0克,0.044M),对正己基苯胺(17.7克,0.10M),冰乙酸(1.5克,0.025M)和75ml THF。向在室温下的该搅拌的溶液中,一次性添加13克(0.06M)三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(STAB-H)。所述反应可能用5分钟放热升温至50℃。在剧烈搅拌下,将温度缓慢升至60℃并保持1小时。然后将温度降至25℃,此时添加第二份13g(0.06M)STAB-H。然后在剧烈搅拌下将温度再升至60℃并在60℃保持1.5小时。此时STAB盐球可能从溶液中析出,此时可能必须添加更多的THF,并且所述盐球破碎。
在所述反应完成后,将温度降低至30℃,并且将反应溶液用120ml乙酸乙酯稀释并转移到分液漏斗中。然后将产物溶液用三份50ml的5%NaOH水溶液,一份50ml的5%碳酸钠水溶液和两份50ml的水洗涤,然后将所述有机层用无水硫酸镁干燥。过滤所述干燥的溶液,并在真空下除去溶剂,得到8.5克的微红色粘稠液体。然后使大约10g的该液体通过2x6英寸的硅胶柱,最初使用1%THF在己烷中的溶液作为柱溶剂。所述起始反应物和副产物首先通过所述柱。然后将柱溶剂换为3%THF在己烷中的溶液,以将希望的产物从所述柱上冲洗下来。所述产物是顺式和反式对环己烷异构体的5克混合物。所述产物是粘稠的暗红色液体,其可以在静置时缓慢固化。通过从热甲醇重结晶,可以从所述异构体混合物分离一些反式异构体。
实施例4:二(对丁基苯胺基)-1,4-环己烷和二壬基化二苯基胺作为润滑剂组合物中的抗氧剂的比较
通过将一种全配方的马达油(不含抗氧剂)与变化量的实施例1的二(对丁基苯胺基)-1,4-环己烷混合物混合来制备一系列的润滑剂组合物,并且通过热氧化机油模拟试验(TEOST)和高压差示扫描量热法(PDSC)测试所得到的组合物的氧化稳定性。
所述TEOST是用于测量抗氧剂防止导致沉积物在被加热(285℃)的金属棒上形成的油热分解的能力的试验,其中所述沉积物在24小时的试验结束时测量,以毫克为单位。测量的沉积物的量越高,所述油的氧化稳定性越低。所述TEOST试验的完整细节可见于ASTM MHT-4。具体参数显示在下面。
TEOST参数
棒温度                    285C
油泵设定                  247
油体积                    8.4克
干燥空气流量              10ml/min
催化剂(Tannis Part 5953)  0.1g
所给出的PDSC数据是每种油或样品共混物的氧化诱导时间(OIT)的量度。所述PDSC方法采用加压的钢弹,并且催化剂是衍生自环烷酸铁的油溶性铁。在一次试验的开始阶段,将所述PDSC池首先以40℃/min的速率加热至下面列出的等温温度。从样品达到其等温温度之时开始测量诱导时间,直到观察到焓变。所述氧化诱导时间越长,油的氧化稳定性越好。所使用的PDSC仪器是由Mettler-Toledo,Inc制造的Mettler DSC27HP。所述测试对于小于100分钟的OIT在95%置信度下具有约±2.5分钟的可重复性。所报告的每个数据点是在一个测试共混物或多个共混物上进行的至少两次试验的平均值。所述PDSC条件在下面给出。
PDSC参数
温度                200℃
气体                氧
流量                100ml/min
压力                500psi
样品大小            1.5mg
盘(开放/密闭)       开放
为了比较,对通过将前述相同的全配方马达油(不含抗氧剂)与相同的变化量的常规二壬基化二苯基胺抗氧剂混合制备的另一系列组合物进行相同的测试。所述测试的结果显示在表1和2以及附图1和2中。
表1-TEOST结果
Figure BDA0000048114090000161
表2-PDSC结果
Figure BDA0000048114090000162
所述结果证明,与常规的二壬基化二苯基胺抗氧剂相比,实施例1的二(对丁基苯胺基)-1,4-环己烷混合物在给予和改善测试的润滑剂的氧化稳定性方面是更有效的,特别是在较高的添加水平下。
虽然已经参考特定的实施方案对本发明进行了描述和说明,但是本领域普通技术人员将明白,本发明本身将引申出不必在本文中说明的变体。因此,应该仅根据所附权利要求书来确定本发明的真实范围。

Claims (17)

1.一种具有下式I或式II的二烷基苯胺基环己烷化合物:
Figure FDA00003278372100011
其中Ar1和Ar2可以相同或不同,并且各自是烷基芳基,其中所述烷基是C1-C30烷基;R1,R2,R3和R4中的每一个独立地选自氢或CR7R8;R5,R6和R7中的每一个独立地选自氢和C1-C32烃基;并且每个R8独立地选自氢和C1-C2烷基,前提是,当R1和R2中的每一个是CR7R8并且每个这样的R8不是氢时,R1和R2可以被连接以形成五或六元环,并且另一个前提是,当R3和R4中的每一个是相邻的CR7R8并且每个这样的R8不是氢时,R3和R4可以被连接以形成五或六元环。
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中R1,R2,R3和R4中的每一个是氢。
3.权利要求1或权利要求2的化合物,其中Ar1和Ar2中的每一个是烷基芳基,其中所述烷基是C2-C20烷基。
4.权利要求1或2的化合物,其中Ar1和Ar2中的每一个是烷基芳基,其中所述烷基在连接到所述烷基芳基上的所述氮原子的对位。
5.权利要求1或2的化合物,其中Ar1和Ar2中的每一个是相同的烷基芳基。
6.权利要求1或2的化合物,其中所述化合物选自对-二(对正丁基苯胺基)环己烷,对-二(对正己基苯胺基)环己烷和对-二(对正十二烷基苯胺基)环己烷。
7.一种生产任何前述权利要求的化合物的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:在还原烷基化条件下,使至少一种式(III)的化合物:
Figure FDA00003278372100021
其中R9是R5或R6,并且R10是C1-C30烷基,
与式(IV)或(V)的化合物反应:
Figure FDA00003278372100022
8.权利要求7的方法,其中所述式(IV)或(V)的化合物包括1,4-环己烷二酮或1,3-环己烷二酮。
9.一种含稳定剂的组合物,该组合物包含:(a)经历氧化、热和/或光诱导的降解并且需要稳定化以防止或抑制这样的降解的有机材料;和(b)稳定有效量的权利要求1-6中任一项的二烷基苯胺基环己烷化合物。
10.一种润滑油组合物,其包含:(a)至少一种润滑粘度的油,和(b)权利要求1-6中任一项的二烷基苯胺基环己烷化合物。
11.权利要求10的润滑油组合物,其中所述的二烷基苯胺基环己烷化合物以介于总润滑油组合物的0.1wt%和10wt%之间的量存在。
12.权利要求10或权利要求11的润滑油组合物,其中所述至少一种润滑粘度的油选自下组:发动机油,传动流体,液压流体,齿轮油,船用汽缸油,压缩机油,冷冻润滑剂和它们的混合物。
13.权利要求10-12中任一项的润滑油组合物,其中所述至少一种润滑粘度的油在100°C具有1.5-2000厘沲的粘度。
14.权利要求12的润滑油组合物,其还包含至少一种润滑油添加剂。
15.一种燃料组合物,其包含:(a)基础燃料,和(b)权利要求1-6中任一项的二烷基苯胺基环己烷化合物。
16.一种橡胶组合物,其包含:(a)基础橡胶,和(b)权利要求1-6中任一项的二烷基苯胺基环己烷化合物。
17.一种添加剂包,其包含1-75重量%的权利要求1-6中任一项的二烷基苯胺基环己烷化合物和至少一种其它润滑油添加剂。
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