CN102117845B - 用于提高效率的太阳能电池接触指和焊盘布置 - Google Patents

用于提高效率的太阳能电池接触指和焊盘布置 Download PDF

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CN102117845B
CN102117845B CN201110020824.1A CN201110020824A CN102117845B CN 102117845 B CN102117845 B CN 102117845B CN 201110020824 A CN201110020824 A CN 201110020824A CN 102117845 B CN102117845 B CN 102117845B
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D·德瑟斯特
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Maikesheng Solar Energy Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于提高效率的太阳能电池接触指和焊盘布置。一种太阳能电池包括被电耦合至该太阳能电池的N型扩散区域的负极性金属接触指(413)和被电耦合至该太阳能电池的P型扩散区域的正极性金属接触指(414)。该N型和P型扩散区域均在太阳能电池的背面上。该太阳能电池包括在正常工作期间面向太阳的前面。该负极性和正极性金属接触指(413和414)可以是叉指型的。为了增加太阳辐射的收集,金属接触指被布置为指向并共同覆盖焊盘(410)的周边的一部分。例如,该负极性金属接触指(413)被布置为指向并共同覆盖焊盘(410)的两侧或三侧。

Description

用于提高效率的太阳能电池接触指和焊盘布置
本申请是基于申请日为2008年1月9日、申请号为200880007713.3(国际申请号为PCT/US2008/000335)、发明创造名称为“用于提高效率的太阳能电池接触指和焊盘布置”的中国专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明总地涉及太阳能电池,并且更具体地但不是唯一地涉及太阳能电池互连结构。
背景技术
太阳能电池是用于将太阳辐射转换为电能的公知设备。其可以采用半导体制造技术在半导体晶片上被制造。一般而言,可以通过在硅衬底上形成P型和N型的扩散区域来制造太阳能电池。碰撞到太阳能电池上的太阳辐射产生迁移到扩散区域的电子和空穴,从而在扩散区域之间产生电压差。在背面结(backside junction)太阳能电池中,扩散区域和与其耦合的金属接触指均在太阳能电池的背面上。接触指允许将外部电路耦合至太阳能电池并由该太阳能电池供电。
效率是太阳能电池的重要特性,因为其直接关系到太阳能电池产生电力的能力。因此,用于提高太阳能电池的效率的技术通常是期望的。本发明提供了改进的太阳能电池接触指和焊盘布置,其与常规太阳能电池相比具有更高的效率。
发明内容
在一个实施例中,太阳能电池包括电连接至太阳能电池的N型扩散区域的负极性金属接触指和电连接至太阳能电池的P型扩散区域的正极性金属接触指。N型和P型扩散区域都在太阳能电池的背面上。太阳能电池包括在正常工作期间面向太阳的前面。负极性和正极性金属接触指可以是叉指型。为了提高太阳辐射的收集,金属接触指可以被布置为指向并共同覆盖焊盘的周边的一部分。例如,负极性金属接触指可以被布置为指向并共同覆盖焊盘的两侧或三侧。
通过阅读包括附图和权利要求的全部公开内容,本发明的这些和其他特征对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
附图说明
图1示出示例常规太阳能电池的背面;
图2示出图1的太阳能电池的左下方的放大图;
图3示意性示出具有端部的金属接触指,其中端部被定向为指向示例太阳能电池的边缘部分;
图4示意性示出根据本发明的实施例的太阳能电池接触布置;
图5示出根据本发明的实施例的太阳能电池的背面图;
图6示出图5的太阳能电池的负极性边缘部分的放大图;
图7示出图5的太阳能电池的正极性边缘部分的放大图;
图8示出根据本发明的实施例的图5的太阳能电池的横截面图;
图9示出的图示意了与按照图1的太阳能电池布置的具有金属接触指和焊盘的太阳能电池相比较的按照图5的太阳能电池布置的具有金属接触指和焊盘的太阳能电池的效率。
在不同的图中使用相同的附图标记表示相同或相似的部件。
具体实施方式
在本公开内容中,提供诸如结构和方法的示例的多个具体细节来提供对本发明实施例的全面理解。但是本领域内的普通技术人员可以认识到,无需该具体细节中的一个或者多个也可以实现本发明。在其他情况中,公知的细节没有示出或者描述,以避免使本发明的方面模糊。
图1示出示例常规太阳能电池100的背面。该太阳能电池100包括多个焊盘102(即102-1,102-2,...)和在每一边缘部分上的汇流条101(即101-1,101-2,...)。已用虚线大体标记出焊盘102和汇流条101。在图1中,焊盘102-1,102-2和102-3在太阳能电池100的负极性边缘部分上,同时焊盘102-4,102-5和102-6在正极性边缘部分上。焊盘102提供在其上接附有将太阳能电池100电连接至另一个太阳能电池的互连导线的表面。汇流条101将特定极性的金属接触指电连接至它们的在特定边缘部分上的最近的相应焊盘102。
图2示出图1的太阳能电池100的左下方的放大图。图2还标记了金属接触指201和202。金属接触指201将太阳能电池100的P型扩散区域电连接至在正极性边缘部分上的焊盘102和汇流条101。金属接触指202将太阳能电池100的N型扩散区域电连接至在负极性边缘部分上的焊盘102和汇流条101。仅标记一个金属接触指201和金属接触指202以避免使附图混乱。
如在图1和图2中表明,金属接触指201和202被布置成使它们指向太阳能电池100的边缘部分。为了在由金属接触指和汇流条101所传送的电流之间保持一致的电流密度,汇流条101被布置为占用增加的较大面积,因此太阳能电池100的汇流条101为斜锥形。参照图3对该设计特征做进一步解释。
图3示意性示出具有取向为朝向边缘部分306的端部的金属接触指303和304。在图3的例子中,金属接触指303电连接至汇流条301,该汇流条301又端接至焊盘(未示出)。金属接触指304电连接至太阳能电池的其他边缘部分(未示出)上的焊盘。每一金属接触指303的宽度为“W”。为了保持一致的电流密度,汇流条301为斜锥形以具有如从边缘部分306所测量的增加的宽度。在图3中,汇流条301从左到右的宽度为从W到4W(即W的4倍)。
尽管太阳能电池100是高效的,但发明人发现在被汇流条101所占用的太阳能电池100的区域上太阳辐射收集非常少。发明人还发现可以通过在之前被汇流条101所占用的面积上的叉指型金属接触指来增加太阳能电池的效率。这样做的一种方式是确定金属接触指的方向以使它们的端部指向并共同覆盖焊盘的大部分的周边。现从图4开始描述本发明的实施例。
图4示意性示出根据本发明的实施例的太阳能电池接触布置。在图4的例子中,金属接触指413和414为叉指型,金属接触指413电连接至在太阳能电池的背面上的N型扩散区域,金属接触指414电连接至在太阳能电池的背面上的P型扩散区域。金属接触指414电连接至与边缘416相对的太阳能电池的其他面上的焊盘(未示出)。在图4的例子中每一金属接触指413的宽度为“W”。为了便于示意,一些金属接触指413的端部大体由虚线418所定界。
金属接触指413可以被布置成它们的端部指向焊盘410。更具体地,在图4的例子中,金属接触指413结束在焊盘410的周边417上。这去掉了主要有单极性接触的汇流条,使用一种正极性和负极性接触叉指的汇流条。换另一种方式说,已消除了常规汇流条以便利用更多的太阳能电池的表面以用于太阳辐射的收集。
在图4的例子中,金属接触指413被布置成它们的端部围绕矩形焊盘410的三个侧,这相当于围绕图4中的周边417的约75%。优选地,金属接触指413的端部被布置成使得它们指向并尽可能多地围绕周边417或围绕焊盘410的至少50%。可以理解,焊盘410不一定必须为矩形。例如,在圆形焊盘的情况下,金属接触指413的端部被构造成指向并围绕焊盘的周边在180°范围、90°范围等内。每一金属接触指413优选地端接在焊盘410的周边上。然而,出于优化目的,两个金属接触指可以结束在同一接触指上,该同一接触指又直接结束在焊盘410上。
图5示出根据本发明的实施例的太阳能电池500的背面图。该太阳能电池500包括在太阳能电池的相对边缘上的多个焊盘405(即405-1,405-2,...)。用虚线总的标记焊盘405。图5中,焊盘405-1,405-2和405-3在太阳能电池500的负极性边缘部分上,同时焊盘405-4,405-5和405-6在正极性边缘部分上。焊盘405提供在其上接附有将太阳能电池500电连接至另一个太阳能电池的互连导线的表面。金属接触指404将太阳能电池500的P型扩散区域电连接在正极性边缘部分上的焊盘405。金属接触指403将太阳能电池500的N型扩散区域电连接在负极性边缘部分上的焊盘405。焊盘405可以仅连接至相同极性的金属接触指。为了清楚,仅标记一些金属接触指403和404。
图6示出图5的太阳能电池500的负极性边缘部分的放大图,该负极性边缘部分在图5的底部。如从图5和6中表明,采用之前参照图4所描述的原理安排金属接触指403和404以及焊盘405。例如,金属接触指403被布置成使它们的端部定向为指向并且围绕焊盘405的周边,覆盖焊盘405-1的75%(三侧)及焊盘405-2和405-3的50%(两侧)。注意,之前在图1的太阳能电池100中被汇流条101-1和101-2所占用的地方现已被叉指型金属接触指403和404所占用,金属接触指通向焊盘405-1。
在图6的例子中,一些成对的金属接触指403结合或分流到一起以共用电连接至焊盘405并且端接在焊盘405上的接触指。优选地,三个或更少的金属接触指可以一起连接至单一金属接触指,该单一金属接触指延伸到焊盘405并且端接在焊盘405上。结合三个以上金属接触指将由此得到是单个金属接触指的宽度的三倍以上宽度的共用的金属接触指。取决于每一金属接触指的宽度,这可能导致不可接受的效率损失。
如在图6中进一步表明,在焊盘405-1的邻近中不存在比两个金属接触指403的宽度更大的汇流条或金属指。即,通向于焊盘405-1并且端接在焊盘405-1上的所有金属接触指403的宽度小于单个金属接触指403的宽度的两倍。通过减少对太阳辐射的收集没有贡献或贡献得非常少的宽金属接触面积,这有利地提高了效率。
图7示出图5的太阳能电池500的正极性边缘部分的放大图,该正极性边缘部分在图5的顶部。类似于金属接触指403,一些金属接触指404在电连接至焊盘405并端接在焊盘405上的单一金属接触指处结合在一起。在图7的例子中,因为被P型金属触点和扩散区域所占用的面积通常大于N型金属触点和扩散区域,三个金属接触指404可以共用端接在焊盘405上的同一金属接触指。
比较图6和图7,金属接触指404弯曲约90°角以引导至相应的焊盘405(例如405-4)中,同时金属接触指403弯曲大于90°的角以引导至相应的焊盘405(例如焊盘405-1)中。这样可以将金属接触指404看作具有直角弯曲,而将金属接触指403看作类似车轮的辐条的形式形成。根据实施方式,正极性(即金属接触指404)或负极性(即金属接触指403)金属接触指可以具有直角或辐条的构造,以及正极性和负极性金属接触指可以都具有同样的构造。另外,如从以上讨论中表明,两个或三个金属接触指可以从通向并直接端接在相应焊盘上的单个金属接触指分支出来。
图8示出根据本发明的实施例的太阳能电池500的横截面图。该太阳能电池500为背面结太阳能电池,其中其N型扩散区域703和P型扩散区域704在太阳能电池的背面706上。在正常工作期间,太阳能电池500的前面707面向太阳以收集太阳辐射。如图8中所示,金属接触指403电连接至N型扩散区域703且金属接触指404(为了清楚示意仅示出一个)电连接至在背面706上的P型扩散区域704。
图9示出的图示意了与按照太阳能电池100(标记为“旧布置’)布置的具有金属接触指和焊盘的太阳能电池相比较的按照太阳能电池500(标记为“新布置”,)布置的具有金属接触指和焊盘的太阳能电池的效率。图9中,垂直轴表示效率以及水平轴指示针对新和旧布置的图。线803指向太阳能电池100和500的平均效率。如图9中所示,太阳能电池500的平均效率高于太阳能电池100的平均效率。在该研究中发现,太阳能电池500的平均效率为约21.2%,而太阳能电池100的平均效率为约20.6%。
以上公开了一种改进的太阳能电池的接触指和焊盘布置。虽然已经提供本发明的具体实施例,但是应该理解这些实施例仅用于说明目的而非限制。对于本领域普通技术人员而言,通过阅读公开内容,许多附加实施例将是明显的。

Claims (4)

1.一种太阳能电池,包括:
第一组金属接触指,在该第一组中的每一金属接触指被电耦合至在该太阳能电池的背面上的一个或多个第一极性的扩散区域;
第二组金属接触指,在该第二组中的每一金属接触指被电耦合至在该太阳能电池的背面上的一个或多个与该第一极性相反的第二极性的扩散区域;
第一焊盘,其被电耦合至该第一组金属接触指而不电耦合至该第二组金属接触指,该第一组金属接触指被布置成至少在该第一焊盘的相对端部处朝向该第一焊盘弯曲。
2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池,还包括:
第二焊盘,其被电耦合至该第二组金属接触指而不电耦合至该第一组金属接触指,该第二组金属接触指被布置成朝向该第二焊盘弯曲。
3.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池,其中该第一极性包括负极性和该第二极性包括正极性。
4.根据权利要求2所述的太阳能电池,其中在该第二组中的金属接触指弯曲90°角。
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