CN102112736A - 能量发生器 - Google Patents

能量发生器 Download PDF

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CN102112736A
CN102112736A CN2009801309433A CN200980130943A CN102112736A CN 102112736 A CN102112736 A CN 102112736A CN 2009801309433 A CN2009801309433 A CN 2009801309433A CN 200980130943 A CN200980130943 A CN 200980130943A CN 102112736 A CN102112736 A CN 102112736A
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让·巴蒂斯特·德勒韦
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D5/00Other wind motors
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/0085Adaptations of electric power generating means for use in boreholes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20Hydro energy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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Abstract

一种从运动流体产生电力的发电机,该发电机包括管道,管道由两个端板(1)分隔,隔膜(5)放置在两个端板之间,从而该隔膜可经受进入两个端板之间的流体流的作用,该发电机的特征在于,这两个端板发散,从而使隔膜在呈行波形式的流体流的作用下变形,行波从隔膜的前缘(6)朝隔膜的后缘(7)运动,从而驱动隔膜的后缘横向振动,利用所述运动的装置(11、12)联接于所述后缘。

Description

能量发生器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于从运动流体产生诸如电力之类能量的发生器,例如风力发电机(或风力发生器)或水力发电机,即具体是能够将运动流体的能量转换成电能的装置。
背景技术
已提出各种风力发电机。多数风力发电机包括旋转推进器,该旋转驱动器由风驱动旋转,并驱动电力产生装置。
具体从文献WO82/00321中已知一种风力发电机,该风力发电机包括放置在形成气流管道的两个面板之间的隔膜,隔膜在沿与隔膜平面内切并垂直于气流方向的方向的张力下保持在两个面板之间,从而在通过面板之间的风作用下经受横向变形。隔膜是织物并包括板条,这些板条沿隔膜的两个相对边缘设置,并通过系结附连于支承结构。在通过两个面板的风作用下,该隔膜变为横向振动的基座,且隔膜的中心部分的横向运动用于对电力产生装置进行致动。
发明目的
本发明的目的是提供一种具有改进效率的隔膜发生器。
发明内容
为实现该目的,本发明提供一种用于从运动流体产生能量的发生器,该发生器包括管道,管道的壁包括两个面板,隔膜放置在两个面板之间,从而经受穿过两个面板之间的流体流的作用,该发生器的特征在于,这两个面板发散,从而使隔膜在呈行波形式的流体流的作用下变形,该行波从隔膜的前缘朝隔膜的后缘运动,从而驱动隔膜的后缘横向振动,利用所述运动的装置联接于所述后缘。
流体在其行进时的作用使行波放大,该行波从位于管道进口处的隔膜前缘朝位于管道出口处的隔膜后缘运动,从而驱动隔膜后缘横向振动,该横向振动对利用该运动的装置进行致动,该装置例如是电力产生装置。流体和波状隔膜之间的联接产生压力场和压力场生成物,该压力场与波一起行进,而该压力场生成物施加于隔膜并且与波一起行进。面板对由压力差所产生的力进行加强。由于由作为波传播速度的函数的压力来执行工作,因而流体的机械能传递至隔膜,而这伴随着风力发生器本体中的流体平均压力减小。对波传播速度进行调制和优化,从而使来自流体的能量恢复最大化,而这通过用于使隔膜张紧的装置来进行。行波与在隔膜上行进时的机械能、变形能以及动能相对应。这些波在行进时由于从流体传递至隔膜的机械能而彼此机械地加强,由此使变形振幅增大,致使隔膜的机械特性沿其长度较低程度地变化;如果机械特性沿隔膜长度变化,则振幅变化会较小。在管道的进口和出口之间的压力差中发现从流体传递能量到隔膜的结果,而所传递的动力是压力差乘以流体流量的积。在隔膜的各侧上行进的压力场使管道的进口压力连接于管道的出口压力。在后缘处,到达该后缘的波已使所有已沿波的通路从流体传递至隔膜的机械能积聚,并且隔膜的后缘对电力产生装置进行致动,该电力产生装置用于使机械能转换为电能。
由于此种发生器技术无论流量如何都具有良好的闭塞性(occlusivity),因而该发生器技术提供各种优点,例如高水平的气流或水流效率、较佳的瞬间操作效率(甚至在低流量下)。此种发生器在持续使用过程中还提供较佳效率,这是由于该发生器具有较小的惯性和较短的响应时间,这使该发生器能即使在速度较低的条件下从流体流恢复能量,并且能适应于高风速,并遵循阵风时的速度变化。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明原理的风力发电机的示意纵剖视图;
图2是本发明第一具体实施例中的风力发电机的剖切立体图;
图3是本发明第二具体实施例中的风力发电机的剖切立体图;
图4是本发明第二具体实施例中一变型的分解立体图;
图5是本发明第三具体实施例中的风力发电机的分解立体图。
具体实施方式
本发明的发电机设置成从运动流体产生电力。在下文描述中,所考虑的流体是空气,从而所描述的发电机是风力发电机。然而,无需赘述的是,本发明应用于从其它流体(例如,从水)产生电力的发电机。
参照图1来解释本发明的原理。
参照图1,根据本发明的发电机包括放置在发电机本体10中的波状隔膜5,该本体在发电机本体10的进口2和出口3之间限定气流管道。
隔膜5分别在本体10的进口2和出口3处具有前缘6和后缘7。后缘7连接于电力产生装置。
隔膜5的前缘6经受张力T1,而后缘7经受张力T2,从而该隔膜在沿通道流动的气流作用下波动。张力T1和T2确定为隔膜5中波所希望传播速度的函数,而张力值中的差将隔膜对于气流的阻力确定为投影到平行于风向的纵向轴线上的压力的结果。
隔膜5放置在本体10的发散部分中。该部分将形状设计成:与波在行进时的振幅包络线匹配。隔膜的机械特性用于使波的传播速度总是小于通过本体的流速。
下文更详细地描述本发明的发电机。
图2所示的发电机包括具有两个垂直面板1的本体10,这两个垂直面板设置成面向彼此,从而自发电机的进口2朝发电机的出口3发散。因此,面板1限定管道,并且它们具有在进口2和出口3之间延伸的边缘,且它们由壁连接在一起。
隔膜5在面板1之间延伸,该隔膜具有前缘6和后缘7,前缘在发电机的进口2旁,而后缘在发电机的出口3旁。在该示例中,将隔膜5考虑为如下材料的板:该材料可变形成至少绕垂直轴线弯曲。该材料可以是织物、复合材料或实际上是弹性体。由图2中箭头8所示的张力装置作用在隔膜5的前缘6和后缘7上,以使隔膜在张力下保持于垂直平面中。在由面板1引导的风的作用下,隔膜5开始振动并变为行波的基座,该行波沿隔膜在其前缘6和后缘7之间传播。虽然前缘6处的横向运动(由双头箭头表示)保持相对较小,然而后缘7处的横向运动较大,并且适合于致动电力产生装置。后缘7连接于具有永磁体的芯部11,并用于使所述芯部11在线圈12内部运动,由此具有在线圈12的终端处产生电力的效果。
图3所示的发电机类似于图1和图2所示的发电机,除了该示例中的隔膜15由绕垂直轴线彼此铰接的板16构成以外。隔膜15总地类似于隔膜5而工作并传送行波,该行波从隔膜的前缘运动至隔膜的后缘。
图4所示的发电机类似于图3所示的发电机,除了隔膜15由固定于可变形结构的板16制成以外,在此,弹性元件适合于传送由气流产生的行波。弹性元件的特性可有利地沿隔膜的工作长度而变化,从而对波相对于气流的传播速度进行优化。因此,该弹性元件携带附连点,这些附连点用于将张力施加于发电机,并且用于联接于发电机。该示例中的弹性元件由两个板条17制成,这两个板条使条板16的端部配合在其中。
在图5所示的发电机中,这些条板16在它们的中心固定于弹性元件,该弹性元件在该示例中由弹性扭杆18形成,该弹性扭杆是呈角振动形式行波的基座,从而行波的振幅是角振幅。
弹性扭杆18的特性也可沿隔膜的工作长度而变化。在该示例中,发电机将扭矩乘以扭杆18的角速度的积转换为电能。
本发明并不局限于以上的描述,而是覆盖落入权利要求书所限定范围内的任何变型。
可如图所示垂直地操作发电机,但也可水平地操作发电机。
具体地说,在所示的实施例中,可使发电机装备有脉冲致动器,该脉冲致动器联接于隔膜的前缘并具有启动隔膜波动的功能,由此当隔膜经受流体流作用时,可易于建立行波条件。
该隔膜可具有各种结构,并且可由可选地可弹性变形的材料的板构成,且该隔膜可由多个条板构成,这些条板彼此直接铰接或者由可选地可弹性变形的结构固定在一起。
电力产生装置可由诸如机械装置之类的利用隔膜运动的其它装置所替代。
可将偏转器附加于管道的上游和/或下游,从而作用在由流体所输送的液压或气流动力上,具体地说以使管道的进口和出口之间的压力差增大。例如,偏转器19(图1中示出)可安装在管道进口处,以增大进入管道中的流体量。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于从运动流体产生能量的发生器,所述发生器包括管道,所述管道的壁包括两个面板(1),隔膜(5;15)放置在两个面板之间,从而经受穿过所述两个面板之间的流体流的作用,所述发生器的特征在于,所述两个面板发散,从而使所述隔膜在呈行波形式的流体流的作用下变形,所述行波从所述隔膜的前缘(6)朝所述隔膜的后缘(7)运动,从而驱动所述隔膜的后缘横向振动,利用所述运动的装置(11、12)联接于所述后缘。
2.如权利要求1所述的发生器,其特征在于,所述隔膜(5)由可变形材料的板构成。
3.如权利要求1所述的发生器,其特征在于,所述隔膜(5)由可弹性变形材料的板构成。
4.如权利要求1所述的发生器,其特征在于,所述隔膜(15)包括多个彼此铰接的条板(16)。
5.如权利要求1所述的发生器,其特征在于,所述隔膜(15)包括多个固定于可变形结构的条板(16),所述可变形结构是行波的基座。
6.如权利要求5所述的发生器,其特征在于,所述可变形结构是弹性的。
7.如权利要求5所述的发生器,其特征在于,所述可变形结构绕轴线振动。
8.如权利要求1所述的发生器,其特征在于,所述发生器包括偏转器(19),所述偏转器安装在所述管道的上游和/或下游,从而使由所述流体输送的动力增大。
CN2009801309433A 2008-08-01 2009-07-24 能量发生器 Expired - Fee Related CN102112736B (zh)

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FR0804388A FR2934650B1 (fr) 2008-08-01 2008-08-01 Generateur d'energie.
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PCT/FR2009/000920 WO2010012888A2 (fr) 2008-08-01 2009-07-24 Generateur d'energie

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CN107076104A (zh) * 2014-07-14 2017-08-18 塞伊德·穆罕默德·格豪斯 具有可变浮力柔性管道和增强的捕获宽度的自由漂浮式波能转换器
CN111788390A (zh) * 2017-12-05 2020-10-16 Ams R&D联合股份有限公司 可控纹波隔膜泵

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FR2934650B1 (fr) 2010-09-17
JP2011530030A (ja) 2011-12-15
CA2731973A1 (fr) 2010-02-04
ES2594871T3 (es) 2016-12-23
CN102112736B (zh) 2013-09-04
PT2313650T (pt) 2016-10-17
US8426999B2 (en) 2013-04-23
WO2010012888A3 (fr) 2010-12-16
WO2010012888A2 (fr) 2010-02-04
DK2313650T3 (en) 2016-10-31
CA2731973C (fr) 2014-03-11
EP2313650A2 (fr) 2011-04-27

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