CN102104998A - 电加热装置 - Google Patents

电加热装置 Download PDF

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CN102104998A
CN102104998A CN2010105977965A CN201010597796A CN102104998A CN 102104998 A CN102104998 A CN 102104998A CN 2010105977965 A CN2010105977965 A CN 2010105977965A CN 201010597796 A CN201010597796 A CN 201010597796A CN 102104998 A CN102104998 A CN 102104998A
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heating resistor
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heater
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T·伯克尔曼
D·菲利普
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W.E.T.汽车系统股份公司
WET Automotive Systems AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/56—Heating or ventilating devices
    • B60N2/5678—Heating or ventilating devices characterised by electrical systems
    • B60N2/5685—Resistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/005—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/029—Heaters specially adapted for seat warmers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种电加热装置(31)，具有至少一个电加热电阻(311)和至少一个面状的加热电阻载体(312)。本发明提出，所述加热电阻载体(312)由至少两个载体区段(3121，3122)组成。

Description

电加热装置
技术领域
本发明的主题是根据权利要求1前序部分所述的电加热装置。该电加热装置可以特别是在运输工具中例如在加热座椅表面或扶手时使用。
背景技术
例如具有正方形织物载体的柔性加热元件是公知的(例如由DE8115038公知)。为了加热非矩形的轮廓此外公知的是，对载体进行裁切，以便允许例如与方向盘或其他表面进行适配(例如DE2922620)。但是在此产生很多下脚料。为了避免这一点，例如可以借助于编结或编织目标明确地以期望的轮廓产生载体并且在此将加热导体一同编入。但是该方法是昂贵的并且所获得的织物由于其高弹性不适于所有的应用情况。
因此很多应用要求替代的或改善的方案，所述方案特别是在其制造成本和替代材料选择可能性方面是有利的。
发明内容
在此背景下提出了具有权利要求1特征的技术方案。其它有利构型可从另外的权利要求和后面的说明中获知。
附图说明
下面描述本发明的细节。这些实施方式可使本发明容易理解。但这些实施方式仅仅具有示例性特征。不言而喻，在通过独立权利要求定义的本发明范围之内也可删除、改变或者补充单个或多个所描述的特征。不言而喻，不同实施方式的特征也可相互组合。重要的是，本发明的方案基本上被转化。如果要至少部分地满足一个特征，则这包括也完全满足或基本上完全满足该特征。“基本上”在此尤其是意味着，所述转化允许以明显程度实现期望的利用。这尤其是可意味着，至少50％、90％、95％或99％地满 足一个相应的特征。不言而喻，如果给出一个最小量，则也可使用比该最小量多的量。但构件的数量以至少一个给出时，则这特别是也包含具有两个、三个或其他数量构件的实施方式。对于一个物体的描述也可以应用于所有其他同类物体的大部分或整体。如果没有给出其他的情况，则区间包括其边界点。
下面涉及：
图1示出运输工具的部分纵向剖视图，其具有作为被加热物体2的座椅和加热装置31，
图2是图1中电加热装置31的俯视图。
具体实施方式
本发明特别是适合于在运输工具中使用。所述运输工具特别是指所有的陆路运输工具、水路运输工具或空中运输工具，例如飞机、轨道车辆、轮船或机动车。
本发明还适合于使用在其表面至少部分地被保持在确定的温度水平上或期望的温度区间内的所有物体。“被加热的物体”因此特别是指运输工具1的使用者在客舱内可与其接触的所有构件，例如运输工具的转向装置、仪表盘、扶手、门内衬、座椅垫、运输工具顶棚、靠垫5、衬套6或者座椅。
符合目的地，至少一个运输工具1具有至少一个被加热的物体2、例如座椅。这允许即使在长途行驶时也能对乘客进行调温和调节气候。
符合目的地，至少一个被加热的物体2具有至少一个靠垫5，例如由发泡的聚氨酯构成的块。
符合目的地，至少一个被加热的物体2具有至少一个衬套6。这是指任何形式的覆盖所述靠垫的表面，例如真皮衬套或织物衬套或者靠垫泡沫外皮。
符合目的地，至少一个调温装置30具有至少一个加热装置31，例如面状的、柔性的加热元件，优选至少部分地由织物材料构成。
优选至少一个加热装置31至少部分地设置在所述待调节气候的物体2的待加热表面附近，例如在靠垫5与待调节气候的表面之间，优选在座椅泡沫靠垫5与座套之间，例如在衬套6下方在座椅的面向使用者的侧面(A 侧)上。这引起均匀地接触面加热。
符合目的地，至少一个加热装置31具有至少一个欧姆加热电阻311。优选至少一个加热电阻311至少部分地设置在加热电阻载体312上、例如局部或全面地、例如通过粘上、利用或不利用辅助线缝上或者通过涂覆在两个通常织物的面元件之间。
优选所述加热电阻311具有一个或多个股的形状。所述“股”是这样一种物体，其在一个维度上的延伸显著大于(例如10倍)在其两个其他的空间维度上的延伸。优选所述股是弯曲弹性的、结实的并且在两个横截面维度上具有类似的尺寸。其可以是单丝或多丝。
优选至少一个加热电阻311至少部分地由金属制成，例如作为由铜丝和/或钢丝构成的绞线和/或作为具有塑料芯和金属涂层的线。
至少一个加热电阻311优选通过至少一个连接导线32连接到电流源上。
符合目的地，至少一个加热装置31具有至少一个加热电阻载体312。优选至少一个加热电阻载体312至少部分地是面状形成物。
优选至少一个加热电阻载体312至少部分地由织物(例如针织物、编结物、纺织物、无纺布)、聚合物泡沫、易弯的热塑性塑料、透气材料、简单或经压印的膜(例如由聚乙烯构成)、所述待加热的物体2和/或其表面的或衬套6的至少一部分形成。合适的材料具有优选至少0.5mm的厚度。
优选加热电阻载体312至少部分地由热塑性材料形成。优选所述材料份额在5％与100％之间、优选在10％与80％之间。在此特别是聚乙烯、聚酰胺和聚丙烯。
优选加热电阻载体312至少部分地由阻燃材料制成。
加热电阻载体312的基面具有外轮廓，所述外轮廓不能无缝隙地与位于其旁边的重合面接合在一起。所产生缝隙的面积特别是大于涉及的加热电阻载体312的基面的10％。
加热电阻载体312具有至少一个第一载体区段3121。该第一载体区段优选由所述针对加热电阻载体312描述的合适材料中的至少一种构成。
所述载体区段3121在所述加热电阻载体312的平面中延伸，但是优选仅仅部分地覆盖其基面。
如果所述载体区段3121设有自己的加热电阻311和优选自己的连接导线32，则其可以简单地被预装配并且被进一步处理。
优选所述加热电阻载体312具有至少一个第二载体区段3122并且甚至可能具有另外的载体区段。在材料选择、设置、大小和配置方面，对于所述第一载体区段3121所述的那些情况相应地也适用于它们。
如果至少一个载体区段3122至少部分地由与另一载体区段3121一样的材料制成，则这允许简单的制造或者简单的、形状锁合的连接。
如果至少一个载体区段3122至少部分地由与至少一个另外的载体区段3121的材料不同的材料制成，则这允许使加热电阻载体312的特性有针对性地与当地必要的条件相适配。优选至少一个载体区段3122在其色彩、其透气性、其厚度、其密度和/或其纹理方面与至少一个另外的载体区段3121不同。例如，第一载体区段3121至少部分地由用于设置在通风表面上的透气无纺布构成并且至少一个另外的载体区段3122至少部分地由用于设置在仅仅被加热表面上的聚合物泡沫构成。
优选至少一个另外的载体区段3122承载至少一个加热电阻311，优选具有自己的连接导线32。
也可以规定，至少一个加热电阻311涂盖多个载体区段3121、3122地设置在所述加热电阻载体312上。由此，也可以节省材料并且装配简单地制造更大的加热装置。
优选至少两个载体区段3122可这样地设置在一矩形面内部，使得它们彼此不重叠。优选为此所需的矩形面小于对于完全设置整个加热电阻载体311所需的矩形面。由此可避免载体材料的下脚料。
优选至少一个载体区段3122这样设置，使得它优选覆盖所述加热电阻载体312基面的一部分，所述部分无至少一个另外的载体区段3121、即不被涂盖。优选所述基面的所述部分无所有另外的载体区段3121。
优选所述载体区段3122仅仅在所述基面的所述部分中延伸。优选至少一个载体区段312与至少一个另外的载体区段3122对齐地设置。对此应理解为，所述载体区段3121、3122至少部分地在同一平面中延伸、以它们侧面(“端面”)的至少一个彼此朝向和/或必要时稍微(例如最大10mm、更好最大5mm、更好0.1mm、)重叠。
优选至少一个载体区段3121具有至少一个加热电阻311a，该加热电阻在其材料组成、其尺寸和/或其电阻方面与至少一个设置在另一载体区段3122上的加热电阻311b不同。例如，第一载体区段3121上的加热电阻311a至少部分地由含碳材料、PTC印刷膏和/或导电塑料或者能导电地被涂层的塑料构成。第二加热电阻311b在此例如可以至少部分地由含金属的绞线或其他的、不是用于所述第一电阻的材料构成。
至少所述加热电阻载体312具有至少一个连接区3123，至少两个连接区段载体区段3121、3122在该连接区上彼此连接。所述连接优选形状锁合地构成，例如通过粘接(例如在至少一个泡沫制部件参与的情况下)或者通过焊接(例如在可热塑性加工的材料特别是纺织物或薄膜参与的情况下)。但是也可以考虑借助于粘接带或包络涂覆进行固定。
缝合虽然也是可以的，但是由于连接区3123上的加热电阻载体312的必要重叠和增厚而不是优选的。
优选一个连接区3123基本上线性地沿着所涉及的载体区段3121、3122的对接棱边延伸。在此该连接区3123具有优选最大15mm、优选最大10mm、优选5mm、优选1mm及以下的宽度。
优选所述连接区3123横向于其延伸方向具有这样的抗拉强度，所述抗拉强度与所述载体区段3121、3122中的至少一个的抗拉强度一样高、优选更高、优选比所述两个载体区段3121、3122都高。这允许例如通过由可热塑性加工的无纺布制成的两个载体区段的线性超声波焊接实现。
符合目的的是，两个载体区段3121、3122在所述连接区中彼此稍稍重叠地设置。然后它们借助超声波焊接器具这样地熔接，使得重叠区域至少部分地变软或者液化。同时或者紧之后，将熔融区域这样地压紧在一起，使得其不再具有两个彼此叠置的层的厚度，而是具有与载体区段3121、3122的其余区域一样的厚度。
符合目的的可以是，多个焊缝并排地并且优选在同一延伸方向上设置。它们彼此间的间距优选为仅仅几个毫米(约0.5-10mm)。所述焊接在此也可以至少部分地不是线性地而是点式地进行。也可以符合目的的是，进行多个连接方法的组合，例如焊接与滚压组合、粘接与焊接组合或者缝纫与涂覆组合。
参考标号表
1         运输工具
2         被加热的物体
5         靠垫
6         衬套
30        调温装置
31        加热装置
32        连接导线
311，a，b 加热电阻
312       加热电阻载体
3121，3122载体区段
3123      连接区。

Claims (6)

1.一种电加热装置(31)，具有至少一个电加热电阻(311)和至少一个面状的加热电阻载体(312)，其特征在于，所述加热电阻载体(312)由至少两个载体区段(3121，3122)组成。
2.根据权利要求1的加热装置(31)，其特征在于，至少两个载体区段(3121，3122)面状地构成并且在至少一个连接区(3123)上彼此对齐地设置。
3.根据上述权利要求之一的加热装置(31)，其特征在于，至少一个第一和至少一个第二载体区段(3121，3122)至少区段地通过至少一种超声波焊接彼此连接。
4.一种运输工具的内饰物体，其特征在于，所述内饰物体装备有至少一个根据上述权利要求之一所述的加热装置(31)。
5.一种运输工具，其特征在于，其具有至少一个根据上述权利要求之一所述的内饰物体和/或至少一个加热装置(31)。
6.一种用于制造根据权利要求1所述加热装置的方法，其特征在于，一个加热电阻载体(312)的至少两个载体区段(3121，3122)彼此对齐地固定。
CN2010105977965A 2009-12-21 2010-12-15 电加热装置 Pending CN102104998A (zh)

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DE102009059995.9 2009-12-21
DE102009059995A DE102009059995A1 (de) 2009-12-21 2009-12-21 Elektrische Heizeinrichtung

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CN107926084B (zh) * 2015-07-31 2021-07-27 Bsh家用电器有限公司 加热装置的热喷射层结构的连接

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