A kind of lamination composite solar battery
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of solar, particularly a kind of solar cell that adopts laminated construction to improve solar photovoltaic conversion efficient.
Background technology
Solar energy is desirable new forms of energy, it has inexhaustible advantage, also be clean energy resource simultaneously, do not produce any environmental pollution. in the middle of effective utilization of solar energy, big sun can opto-electronic conversion be with fastest developing speed, most active in the last few years research field.At present, solar cell mainly is divided into crystal silicon solar energy battery, inorganic thin film solar cell, organic solar batteries and DSSC.Wherein the crystal silicon solar energy battery electricity conversion is the highest, reaches 18%; The inorganic thin film solar cell is below 11%, and organic solar batteries is then at 6%-7%, but organic solar batteries has characteristics such as production technology is simple, the cost of raw material is cheap.
Chinese patent ZL200810051527.1 discloses a kind of stacking polymer thin-film solar cell of parallel-connection structure, and this solar cell adopts the high-work-function metal gold, silver to extract the hole as translucent anode.The anode both sides are adopted with P type metal oxide molybdenum trioxide or tungsten oxide and are connected up and down sub-battery photosensitive layer structure internal electric field as hole transmission layer, improve carrier collection efficient.The photosensitive layer of two sub-batteries up and down in the laminated cell is respectively the mixture of different conjugated polymer of absorption region and fullerene derivate composition.Two sub-batteries connect in parallel, and the short-circuit current density of lamination solar cell is two sub-battery short circuit current density sums up and down.This stacking polymer thin-film solar cell by adopt the different conjugated polymer of absorption region improved effectively to effective absorption of sunlight and realized short circuit current effectively be increased to 15 milliamperes/square centimeter, thereby the energy conversion efficiency that has improved polymer thin-film solar cell is up to 3.36%.This patent has adopted a kind of laminated construction, and the solar cell of realization belongs to organic solar batteries, owing to there is not well to bring into play the advantage of laminated construction, the energy conversion efficiency of solar cell is up to 3.36%, belongs to reduced levels.At present, no matter be scientific research institution or manufacture of solar cells producer, all for how improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency effort of battery.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is solar cell laminated construction principle with reference to Chinese patent ZL200810051527.1, by being formed structure, solar cell further optimizes, introduce the fusion principle of organic solar batteries and inorganic thin film solar cell, by both mutual supplement with each other's advantages, realize a kind of brand new solar energy battery.
The present invention adopts following scheme to realize:
A kind of lamination composite solar battery is characterized in that comprising:
Transparency carrier: material is glass or plastics;
Cathode layer: its material is tin indium oxide or tin oxide;
The polarity organic layer: material is one of Merlon, polyacrylic acid, polymethylacrylic acid, poly oxide, polysulfide, polyamide, polyester, polyurethane, polyimides
First photosensitive layer: material is the blend of conjugated polymer and fullerene;
Translucent anode layer: material is a kind of in metallic gold, nickel and the silver;
P type semiconductor layer: material is P type amorphous silicon hydride or P type multi-element compounds;
P-N transition zone: the copper indium diselenide of material for mixing and sowing;
N type semiconductor layer: material is N type amorphous silicon hydride or N type multi-element compounds;
Transparency conducting layer: material is a kind of in the zinc oxide of indium tin oxide, zinc oxide or doped aluminium;
Cathode layer, polarity organic layer, first photosensitive layer and translucent anode layer form first successively the loom battery; Translucent anode, p type semiconductor layer, P-N transition zone, n type semiconductor layer and transparency conducting layer form the second inorganic thin film battery of touching successively; First has the loom battery and the second inorganic thin film battery of touching to form composite solar battery by translucent anode layer lamination.
Further optimize, also have second photosensitive layer, material is the blend of conjugated polymer and fullerene; Also have non-conductive reflector layer, material is the glass microballoon reflectorised paint that has added high index of refraction; Second photosensitive layer is striden layer with first photosensitive layer by electric conductor and is connected.
Further optimize, in order to improve the sunlight utilance, the more sunlight second inorganic thin film battery of touching is transformed, it is netted that anode layer is.
Lamination composite solar battery in sum has following characteristics and remarkable result:
(1) contrast Chinese patent ZL200810051527.1, the 3rd layer of the present invention is polarity organic layer (referenced patent is " the first sub-battery electron transport layer " for the 3rd layer), this polarity organic layer can increase the density of photocurrent of 20%-40% at least; The the 6th to eight layer of the present invention is respectively p type semiconductor layer, P-N transition zone, n type semiconductor layer (and referenced patent is " translucent anode ", " the second sub-battery hole transmission layer ", " the second sub-battery photosensitive layer "), so the structure of entire cell has world of difference; What ZL200810051527.1 adopted in addition is the lamination of two organic solar batteries, and the present invention is the lamination that adopts an organic solar batteries and an inorganic solar cell, realize the mutual supplement with each other's advantages between two kinds of batteries, both obtained good opto-electronic conversion performance, simultaneously also balanced production cost;
(2) the present invention also has second photosensitive layer and non-conductive reflector layer; Realize to penetrate at last the surplus light reflection of the sun of battery by the conduction reflector layer, and further excite the optoelectronic induction of second photosensitive layer; Second photosensitive layer is striden layer with first photosensitive layer by electric conductor and is connected, and further improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency that machine battery is arranged.
(3) realized the ingenious lamination of organic solar batteries and inorganic solar cell, the meshed anode layer more helps sunlight and arrives inorganic solar cell simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the hierarchy schematic diagram of solar cell of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that the present invention has the solar cell of eleventh floor composition;
Fig. 3 is that the surplus light of the sun is reflected and realizes the schematic diagram of recycling.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of meshed anode layer.
Embodiment
Embodiment one:
With reference to figure 1, the invention scheme of present embodiment, the lamination composite solar battery is made up of nine difference in functionality layers.Be transparency carrier 1, cathode layer 2, polarity organic layer 3, first photosensitive layer 4, translucent anode layer 5, p type semiconductor layer 6, P-N transition zone 7, n type semiconductor layer 8, transparency conducting layer 9 successively; Wherein:
Transparency carrier 1 preferential selection glass or plastics are material; The thickness of transparency carrier 1 is not particularly limited, and can do suitably to adjust according to actual needs, but substrate must have the good light transmittance energy.
Cathode layer 2: its material is preferably tin indium oxide or tin oxide; Cathode layer 2 can form with any conventional method, for example vapour deposition, sputter etc.; Cathode layer 2 thickness are between 150~600nm.
Polarity organic layer 3: material is preferably one of Merlon, polyacrylic acid, polymethylacrylic acid, poly oxide, polysulfide, polyamide, polyester, polyurethane, polyimides, perhaps the combination of two or more among them.Polarity organic layer 3 contains a kind of polarity macromolecule of polar functional group at least, and its can increase on the one hand the density of photocurrent of 20%-40% at least, more can flat cathode layer 2; The thickness of polarity organic layer 3 is preferably between 50~250nm.
First photosensitive layer 4: material is preferably the blend of conjugated polymer and fullerene; It contains two kinds of compositions at least first photosensitive layer 4, comprises electron donor and electron acceptor; Wherein conjugated polymer can adopt polyacetylene as electron donor; Electron acceptor adopts the cyano group phenylene ethylene.First photosensitive layer, 4 thickness are between 30~150nm.
Translucent anode layer 5: material is preferably a kind of in metallic gold, nickel and the silver, must have light transmission preferably; Translucent anode layer 5 preferred network structures (with reference to shown in Figure 4); Can adopt but be not limited to spraying, silk screen printing, ink jet printing mode and form.
P type semiconductor layer 6: material is preferably P type amorphous silicon hydride (P-a-Si:H) or P type multi-element compounds such as aluminium is sowed nitrogen, aluminium is sowed arsenic etc.; P type semiconductor layer 6 thickness are between 100~130nm;
P-N transition zone 7: material is preferably the copper indium diselenide of mixing and sowing, and thickness is between 20~40nm;
N type semiconductor layer 8: material is preferably N type amorphous silicon hydride (N-a-Si:H) or the nitrogenize of N type multi-element compounds is sowed or indium phosphide is sowed, and thickness is between 100~130nm
Transparency conducting layer 9: material is a kind of in the zinc oxide of indium tin oxide, zinc oxide or doped aluminium; Between 120~300nm.
With reference to figure 1, cathode layer 2, polarity organic layer 3, first photosensitive layer 4 and translucent anode layer 5 form first successively the loom battery again; Translucent anode 5, p type semiconductor layer 6, P-N transition zone 7, n type semiconductor layer 8 and transparency conducting layer 9 form the second inorganic thin film battery of touching successively; First has the loom battery and the second inorganic thin film battery of touching to form composite solar battery by translucent anode layer 5 laminations.
Embodiment two:
Embodiment two is the further optimization of doing on the existing basis of embodiment one.Wherein difference is: with reference to figure 2 and 3, the translucent anode layer 5 of lamination composite solar battery also has second photosensitive layer, 10, the second photosensitive layers 10 and formation method, thickness can be implemented with reference to first photosensitive layer 4; Second photosensitive layer 10 also has non-conductive reflector layer 12, and material can select to have added the glass microballoon reflectorised paint of high index of refraction, forms by modes such as sprayings.Second photosensitive layer 10 is striden layer with first photosensitive layer 4 by electric conductor (as silverskin) and is connected.With reference to figure 3, the surplus light of the sun is reflected after arriving non-conductive reflector layer 12, further excites the optoelectronic induction of second photosensitive layer 10; Second photosensitive layer 10 and 4 actings in conjunction of first photosensitive layer further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency that machine battery is arranged;
Present embodiment has adopted multipath to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of battery, lamination comprising organic solar batteries and inorganic solar cell makes full use of solar energy, realizes the ingenious superimposed of organic and inorganic solar cell, bring into play maximum opto-electronic conversion performance simultaneously, the balanced production cost; Adopt second photosensitive layer 10 and non-conductive reflector layer 12 structures, the pre-light of the sun is reused, strengthen the secondary opto-electronic conversion of organic solar batteries, realize that the conversion efficiency of integral battery door can reach more than 35%.