CN102092229A - Manufacturing process of clay ornaments - Google Patents
Manufacturing process of clay ornaments Download PDFInfo
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- CN102092229A CN102092229A CN 201010570967 CN201010570967A CN102092229A CN 102092229 A CN102092229 A CN 102092229A CN 201010570967 CN201010570967 CN 201010570967 CN 201010570967 A CN201010570967 A CN 201010570967A CN 102092229 A CN102092229 A CN 102092229A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a manufacturing process of clay ornaments, clay with plasticity index of 5-9 is taken as raw material, and the following steps are adopted: the first step: pretreatment and drying; the second step: crushing or tabletting and aging; the third step: mould pressing; and the fourth step: air-drying and post-treatment. The clay with the better plasticity index is utilized, or thermal refining is performed on the ordinary clay so as to enable the clay to achieve the better plasticity range, and the clay ornaments with low cost, attractive appearance and no cracks can be simply and quickly manufactured through the processes of drying, crushing, aging and mould pressing; and various waterproof and weathering-proof fine ornaments with high degree of imitation of antique imitation, copper imitation and the like can be manufactured by coating waterproof coatings on the surfaces and coloring with paints.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of clay technology, especially a kind of manufacture craft of clay decorative building material.
Background technology
At present, ornaments such as article modelled after an antique, imitative copper product, clay figurine, mud picture, wall body brick reach in the museum a feast for the eyes, of all shapes and colors, rich and varied on market, and have higher artistic view, realistic, remarkably true to life, and suitable people appreciate and collection; And these ornaments adopt cement, gypsum or metal material manufacturing more, complex process, raw material and cost of manufacture height.Though adopt common earth with low cost, but air-dry back is cracking easily, therefore need to add stalk, fiber etc. and play the effect of reinforcement anticracking, and complicate fabrication process, kiln need be set usually fire, earth is fired be pottery, for example brick and tile, container, flowerpot etc., these finished surface quality are coarse, the phenomenon of can produce cracking, getting damp.By selecting special material, high-temperature firing and glazing operation, also can produce the porcelain of exquisite appearance, as tableware, teapot, ceramic tile, statue etc., but cost is higher, and operation is more complicated.Adopt kiln to fire that not only energy consumption is big, seriously polluted, and the ceramic quality after firing is hard, can not reclaim after damaging fragmentation, do not meet requirements of green environmental protection.Surface treatment procedure costs such as glazing are higher, and can't produce artistic effect such as copper modelled after an antique, imitative.
Summary of the invention
The applicant is at the complex manufacturing technology of clay ornament in the present prior art, cost height, shortcoming such as seriously polluted provide that a kind of technology is easy, the clay ornament manufacture craft of finished product exquisite appearance, and cost is low, use extensively, and meet requirements of green environmental protection.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of clay ornament manufacture craft is that 5～9 clay is raw material with plasticity index, adopts following steps:
The first step, preliminary treatment is with dry: filter solid particle and the impurity removed in the mud, be dried to suitable moisture content, i.e. the tack-free degree of mud;
In second step, pulverize: dried clay powder is broken into graininess;
In the 3rd step, mold pressing: will pulverize the back graininess clay mould cavity of packing into, the employing forcing press carries out mold pressing, is standard can extrude clear correct figure rapidly, after the compacting with the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake demoulding;
The 4th step, air-dry and post processing:, adopt water-repellent paint to carry out surface-coated with the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake natural air drying.
It is further characterized in that: being dried to moisture content in the described first step is 1%～8%.
Being crushed to granularity in described second step is 10～100 orders.
A kind of clay ornament manufacture craft is that 5～9 clay is raw material with plasticity index, adopts following steps:
The first step, preliminary treatment: adopt pug mill to practice system behind solid particle in the filtration removal mud and the impurity;
Second step, compressing tablet and ageing: the clay compressing tablet is cut into blank and carried out ageing 1～15 day;
In the 3rd step, mold pressing: with the sheet blank mould cavity of packing into, adopting forcing press to carry out mold pressing, is standard can extrude clear correct figure rapidly, after the compacting with the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake demoulding;
The 4th step, air-dry and post processing:, adopt water-repellent paint to carry out surface-coated with the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake natural air drying.
It is further characterized in that: described clay employing plasticity index is 7.6～8.2 Hui Shanni.
Described clay is 5～9 clay by unselected clay with being made as plasticity index after adhesive mixes.
Described adhesive is an environment-friendly type building glue, and the weight ratio of glue and clay is 0.05～0.1:1.
Mold pressing pressure is 3～30MPa in described the 3rd step.
Described water-repellent paint is benzene emulsion or acrylic acid ester emulsion.
Post processing also comprises the pigment coloring step described in the 4th step, on the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake surface or water-repellent paint surface adopt mill base to carry out painted and polishing, dry rear surface applies water-repellent paint again.
The present invention utilizes the more excellent clay of plasticity index, perhaps unselected clay is carried out modifier treatment, make it reach more excellent plasticity scope, by dry, pulverizing and mould pressing process, can produce with low cost, good looking appearance simply fast, not have the clay ornament of crackle; By surface-coated water-repellent paint and pigment colouring, can produce various copper equal altitudes emulation modelled after an antique, imitative and the weatherproof exquisite ornament of waterproof.
The present invention need be in clay cracking-resistant material such as doping fiber, more do not need to adopt kiln to fire, directly clay can be made by pressure forming and natural air drying, green energy conservation and pollution-free, select for use different moulds and aftertreatment technology can produce varied clay ornament flexibly, satisfy the demand of various application occasions.Utilize the natural clay straight forming, earth is not carried out modification, but therefore broken back earth direct reuse meets requirements of green environmental protection.
The present invention adopts and pulverizes the back mold pressing, mold pressing after the ageing, and at moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake surface-coated water-repellent paint, FAQs such as solved the incident cracking of mud product, shrink, get damp, can produce the high-quality decorative product of appearance looks elegant, dimensionally stable, not only have vast market prospect, and effectively solve the roach stacking problem that building industry produces, have remarkable environmental and be worth.
The specific embodiment
It is the clay that impurity is few, purity good, fineness is thin of typical case's representative that raw material one of the present invention adopt the favour mountain mud with the Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, the main speciality of this type of clay is as follows: fineness is 0.45～0.28um, drying shrinkage is 10%～23%, plasticity index is 7.6～8.2, dry back intensity 13～29.6mN/m
2In above-mentioned each index, fineness refers to the clay particle average diameter; Drying shrinkage refers to clay when air dry, and moisture is wherein discharged gradually, and particle is arranged tight, close mutually, is directed at the ratio of volume contraction; Plasticity refers to that clay is after adding an amount of water, mix forging, beat and whip, crumple, the performance that can mould after agglomerating, the high more then plasticity of index is good more, and the assay method of plasticity index can be measured with reference to " YB/T 5119-1993 clay matter and high alumina matter plastic refractory plasticity index test method ".Usually fineness is thin more, and plasticity is strong more, and drying shrinkage is big more, and dried intensity is also high more.
Hui Shanni is dry in 115 ℃ of constant temperatures in the curium stove, then a certain amount of dried earth is put into the crucible burning of heating, carry out chemical analysis burning surplus filter residue, the comparing result of favour mountain mud and other unselected clay is as shown in table 1.
Table 1: the chemical analysis results of favour mountain mud and unselected clay
| Analysis project | Favour mountain mud | Unselected clay |
| The weight difference of burning back | 10.10% | 8.50% |
| Change color | Brown---bronzing | Shallow palm fibre--〉eggshell is white |
| Filter residue (aluminium silicon mixture) | 74.90% | 82.10% |
| Iron oxide | 4.03% | 0.50% |
| Magnesia | 0.25% | 1.41% |
| Calcium oxide | 0.02% | 0.15% |
| Zinc oxide | 0.01% | 0 |
More as can be seen, the favour mountain mud burning back method of double differences is big from above chemical analysis, and organic matter is more than other mud, and aluminium silicon mixture lacks than other mud, and these meet the thin characteristic of favour mountain mud fineness, so plasticity is fine.
Raw material two of the present invention can improve its plasticity by interpolation adhesive after unselected clay being removed impurity, for example add an amount of environment-friendly type 801 adhesive, make the plasticity index of clay reach 5～9.For unselected clay, the adhesive of interpolation and the weight ratio of clay are 0.05～0.1:1.
First kind of embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps: preliminary treatment and drying, pulverizing, mold pressing, air-dry and post processing.
The first step: preliminary treatment is with dry.With plasticity index is that clay in 5～9 scopes filter to be removed solid particle and the impurity in the mud, and accumulation deposit and natural air drying are to being advisable so that mud is tack-free, and moisture content is 1%～8% usually.
Second step: pulverize.The dried clay powder of previous step is broken into graininess, and granularity is 10～100 orders.
The 3rd step: mold pressing.According to the constancy of volume principle, with the granular clay mould cavity of packing into, adopt forcing press that patrix is depressed, after the compacting with the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake demoulding.According to the embossment depth, the careful degree difference of flower type size can select the corresponding pressure between 3Mpa～30Mpa to carry out pressure testing, and extruding qualified colored type with most economical full blast ground is standard.
The 4th step: air-dry and post processing.With moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake natural air drying 1～4 day, promptly can obtain self-colored clay ornament.Behind the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake natural air drying, brush the water-repellent paint of layer of transparent again on the surface, for example can adopt benzene emulsion, benzene emulsion is the commercially available prod, is got milky white liquid, band blue light through emulsion copolymerization by styrene and acrylate monomer; Solids content 40～45%, viscosity 80～1500mPas, level of residual monomers 0.5%, pH value 8～9; Benzene emulsion adhesive force is good, and glued membrane is transparent, water-fast, oil resistant, heat-resisting, ageing-resistant performance is good.Perhaps also can adopt for example acrylic acid ester emulsion of other water-repellent paints, acrylic acid ester emulsion is commercially available chemical industry resistant material, compares with epoxy resin mortar with tradition, and the acrylic acid ester emulsion cost is low, easy construction; Acrylic acid ester emulsion construction can manually be smeared, but also mechanically spraying; Nontoxic, thermal adaptability is good, anti-atmospheric aging.
The present invention can adopt pigment that moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake is carried out surface colour, both can directly adopt commercially available colour carbon black mill base to be coated with on the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake surface that degree of drying is fit to, also can after adopting the benzene emulsion coating film forming, adopt the mill base coating that contains colour carbon black; Treat to use cloth or sand paper wiping or the polishing dyed layer surface that is fit to after the mill base drying, the true qualities of moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake are exposed in the part, obtain desirable texture, behind the cleaning dust, once more with benzene emulsion or the coating of pure acrylic acid ester emulsion one time or multipass, until reaching desirable case hardness and waterproof degree.Because the true qualities of moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake approach coppery, and present effects mottled and vicissitudes through the colour carbon black color paste layer after the polishing, therefore can produce imitative copper and antique effect true to nature, and treatment process is simple, cost is low.
Another embodiment of the invention also can adopt following steps to carry out, preliminary treatment, section and ageing, mold pressing, air-dry and post processing, different with first kind of embodiment is: in the first step preliminary treatment be that clay in 5～9 scopes filters solid particle and the impurity of removing in the mud with plasticity index, send into the pug mill white silk and become the pug of moisture content below 18%; Second step was sent clay into cylinder machinery compressing tablet then, be cut into the size value after designed product size is considered shrinkage factor, square final products of 30cm x 30cm for example, the complete slice moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake that needs 35cm x 35cm, thickness is generally 0.3～5cm, and the ageing of carrying out in the ageing chamber 1～15 day is handled.The purpose of ageing is to make molecular structure more even, simultaneously realizes evenly drying in the shade contraction in this process, has reduced dimensional contraction risk after the mold pressing, has guaranteed the stability of product quality.The 3rd step did not need to pulverize before the mold pressing, and directly cutting and ageing clay that finish, that the meet die size mould cavity of packing into is suppressed, and subsequent step is identical with first kind of embodiment.This embodiment key is to handle carrying out ageing after the clay stripping and slicing, the inner and surface moisture content basically identical of clay after the ageing, thus in pressing process, can not cause shrinking the uneven situation that produces cracking more greatly because of inside and outside moisture content difference; And finish dry the contraction substantially, and bigger contraction can not take place therefore after compacting, cause the unsettled situation of product size.
Table 2 is the specific embodiment and testing result form, and wherein embodiment one～embodiment three is the comparative example, and embodiment four～embodiment seven is specific embodiments of the invention.
From table 2 more as can be seen:
Embodiment one crackle promptly occurs after adopting unselected clay to suppress after the demoulding, dry and cracked serious in air-dry back, and is very easily air-dry broken with cracking.
Without pulverizing and ageing, monoblock is placed on mould inner pressure system to embodiment two with Hui Shanni, and crackle appears in air-dry rear surface, places the rear surface for a long time and the earth dust occurs.
Embodiment three employing moisture content are 5% Hui Shanni, be crushed to 50 orders, adopt less pressure to carry out mold pressing, crackle does not all appear during the demoulding, after air-dry, but because water-proofing treatment is not carried out on the surface, therefore long-time placement back product can shrink and expand, the size instability, and the surface can a small amount of earth dust of appearance.
It is 3% Hui Shanni that embodiment four adopts moisture content, is crushed to 10 orders, adopts suitable pressure to carry out mold pressing, crackle all do not occur during the demoulding, after air-dry; At surface-coated one deck benzene emulsion, flawless produces and does not also have any weathering and change in size after long-time the placement then, and can use wet cloth wiped clean.
It is 8% Hui Shanni that embodiment five adopts moisture content, is crushed to 100 orders, adopts suitable pressure to carry out mold pressing, crackle all do not occur during the demoulding, after air-dry; Then at surface-coated one deck benzene emulsion, be coated with one deck benzene emulsion again after applying color again, the long-time back flawless of placing produces and does not also have any weathering, dimensionally stable, and effective waterproof, entire product is dipped in the water 48 hours does not have any variation.
Embodiment six adds adhesive with unselected clay, makes the plasticity index of clay reach 5～9, and being dried to moisture content is 5%, is crushed to 100 orders, adopts suitable pressure to carry out mold pressing, crackle all do not occur during the demoulding, after air-dry; Then at surface-coated one deck benzene emulsion, be coated with one deck benzene emulsion again after applying color again, the long-time back flawless of placing produces and does not also have any weathering, dimensionally stable, and effective waterproof, entire product is dipped in the water 48 hours does not have any variation.
Embodiment seven is cut into the thin piece of 30x30x1cm with Hui Shanni, and ageing 3 days adopts suitable pressure to carry out mold pressing, crackle all do not occur during the demoulding, after air-dry; Then at surface-coated one deck benzene emulsion, be coated with one deck benzene emulsion again after applying color again, the long-time back flawless of placing produces and does not also have any weathering, and dimensionally stable, and effective waterproof can bear wet cloth scouring.
Table 2: the specific embodiment and contrast table as a result
More than describing is explanation of the invention, is not that institute of the present invention restricted portion is referring to claim to the qualification of invention, and under the situation of spirit of the present invention, the present invention can do any type of modification.For example adopt other waterproof materials to carry out surface-coated, perhaps in unselected clay, add other adhesive to improve the plasticity of clay.
Claims (10)
1. clay ornament manufacture craft is characterized in that: with plasticity index is that 5～9 clay is raw material, adopts following steps:
The first step, preliminary treatment is with dry: filter solid particle and the impurity removed in the mud, be dried to suitable moisture content, i.e. the tack-free degree of mud;
In second step, pulverize: dried clay powder is broken into graininess;
In the 3rd step, mold pressing: will pulverize the back graininess clay mould cavity of packing into, the employing forcing press carries out mold pressing, is standard can extrude clear correct figure rapidly, after the compacting with the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake demoulding;
The 4th step, air-dry and post processing:, adopt water-repellent paint to carry out surface-coated with the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake natural air drying.
2. according to the described clay ornament manufacture craft of claim 1, it is characterized in that: being dried to moisture content in the described first step is 1%～8%.
3. according to the described clay ornament manufacture craft of claim 1, it is characterized in that: being crushed to granularity in described second step is 10～100 orders.
4. clay ornament manufacture craft is characterized in that: with plasticity index is that 5～9 clay is raw material, adopts following steps:
The first step, preliminary treatment: adopt pug mill to practice system behind solid particle in the filtration removal mud and the impurity;
Second step, compressing tablet and ageing: the clay compressing tablet is cut into blank and carried out ageing 1～15 day;
In the 3rd step, mold pressing: with the sheet blank mould cavity of packing into, adopting forcing press to carry out mold pressing, is standard can extrude clear correct figure rapidly, after the compacting with the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake demoulding;
The 4th step, air-dry and post processing:, adopt water-repellent paint to carry out surface-coated with the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake natural air drying.
5. according to claim 1 or the described clay ornament manufacture craft of claim 4, it is characterized in that: described clay employing plasticity index is 7.6～8.2 Hui Shanni.
6. according to claim 1 or the described clay ornament manufacture craft of claim 4, it is characterized in that: described clay is 5～9 clay by unselected clay with being made as plasticity index after adhesive mixes.
7. according to the described clay ornament manufacture craft of claim 6, it is characterized in that: described adhesive is an environment-friendly type building glue, and the weight ratio of glue and clay is 0.05～0.1:1.
8. according to claim 1 or the described clay ornament manufacture craft of claim 4, it is characterized in that: mold pressing pressure is 3～30MPa in described the 3rd step.
9. according to claim 1 or the described clay ornament manufacture craft of claim 4, it is characterized in that: described water-repellent paint is benzene emulsion or acrylic acid ester emulsion.
10. according to claim 1 or the described clay ornament manufacture craft of claim 4, it is characterized in that: post processing also comprises the pigment coloring step described in the 4th step, on the moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake surface or water-repellent paint surface adopt mill base to carry out painted and polishing, dry rear surface applies water-repellent paint again.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104433597A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-03-25 | 李裕森 | Manufacturing method of black brick tea set |
| CN104497487A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-08 | 无锡伊诺永利文化创意有限公司 | Environment-friendly artware raw material formula |
| CN104924830A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-09-23 | 无锡泥研坊文化创意有限公司 | Mud coin manufacturing technique |
| WO2017203058A1 (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2017-11-30 | Udo Tartler | Method and device, in particular for applying clay to a surface |
| CN108658581A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-10-16 | 界首市东城群海彩陶工作室 | A kind of preparation method of ancient painted pottery pug |
| CN110761510A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2020-02-07 | 青岛臻和建材有限公司 | Traceless decorative stone and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN111516424A (en) * | 2020-05-17 | 2020-08-11 | 深圳市手足情文化艺术有限公司 | Method for making clay thin sheet and color-overlapped three-dimensional decorative picture |
| CN113650447A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-16 | 广东始创文化艺术发展有限公司 | Manufacturing process of simulated human ultralight clay skeleton color-plastic skin |
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| CN104433597A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-03-25 | 李裕森 | Manufacturing method of black brick tea set |
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| CN108658581A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-10-16 | 界首市东城群海彩陶工作室 | A kind of preparation method of ancient painted pottery pug |
| CN110761510A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2020-02-07 | 青岛臻和建材有限公司 | Traceless decorative stone and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN111516424A (en) * | 2020-05-17 | 2020-08-11 | 深圳市手足情文化艺术有限公司 | Method for making clay thin sheet and color-overlapped three-dimensional decorative picture |
| CN113650447A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-16 | 广东始创文化艺术发展有限公司 | Manufacturing process of simulated human ultralight clay skeleton color-plastic skin |
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