CN102064827B - Rubidium oscillator-based standard frequency and time adjusting method - Google Patents
Rubidium oscillator-based standard frequency and time adjusting method Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/26—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using energy levels of molecules, atoms, or subatomic particles as a frequency reference
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rubidium oscillator-based standard frequency and time adjusting method. After a rubidium atomic oscillator is selected as a reference frequency source, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) performs frequency doubling and frequency division operations on the reference frequency source to obtain a locally generated second pulse signal. The FPGA performs phase difference measurement operation on the intrinsic second signal by using an external input second pulse signal as a reference. The measured phase difference value is endowed to an internal specified register of the FPGA and transmitted to an advanced RISC machine (ARM) through a data bus. The RAM calculates the variation value of the phase difference of the intrinsic second signal and the external input second signal along the time, and calculates the frequency difference of the rubidium atomic oscillator and the external standard frequency according to the difference value. The frequency difference value calculated by the ARM is fed back to the FPGA through the data bus. The FPGA performs frequency modulation operation on the rubidium atomic oscillator according to the received frequency difference value so that the output frequency source of the rubidium atomic oscillator is synchronized to the superior time frequency reference. The method has the advantage of providing high-performance, high-stability and high-precision time signals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-precision frequency and time source construction technology in the technical fields of synchronous communication, synchronous phasor measurement, traveling wave distance measurement, wide-area dynamic monitoring and analysis, power grid stability control, fault recording and the like in a power system.
Background
At present, a high-performance standard frequency source mainly samples a cesium atomic oscillator and a rubidium atomic oscillator, wherein the cesium atomic oscillator has the optimal performance, but is high in price and difficult to purchase, and the performance of the rubidium atomic oscillator is lower than that of the cesium atomic oscillator. The product can obtain the performance close to that of a cesium atomic oscillator by designing a proper algorithm and adopting an effective and applicable technology according to the requirements (high accuracy, high long-term stability and small long-term drift) of a power system on high-precision frequency and time sources. The algorithm and the technology related to the product comprise: the method comprises the steps of comprehensive selection technology of a multi-frequency source, a high-precision rubidium atomic clock discipline algorithm, a UTC time receiving technology, a high-precision time signal generation algorithm, a self-clock second phase adjusting algorithm, a second signal phase large jump processing technology and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Object of the Invention
The invention aims to organically combine a high-precision rubidium atomic oscillator with a high-precision frequency measurement technology and a time synchronization technology, so that a frequency signal and a time signal output by the rubidium atomic oscillator are simultaneously acclimated and synchronized to a higher-level time frequency reference (China UTC (NTSC), power grid autonomous time center time, Beidou satellite time, GPS satellite time and the like maintained by a national time service center), the long-term stability and accuracy of the frequency and time signal are improved, and the drift is reduced.
Technical scheme
The frequency standards commonly used in the power industry are 10MHz and 2.048MHz frequency signals, and the electric rubidium clock equipment receives the frequency standard from a superior time center through a frequency input port.
When external frequency is input, the frequency selection module preferentially uses an external frequency source, so that a time frequency signal output by the electric rubidium clock device is directly synchronized with a superior time center.
When the external frequency input is interrupted, the electric rubidium clock equipment continues to output a stable frequency signal by depending on a rubidium atom oscillator of the electric rubidium clock equipment.
After the rubidium atomic oscillator is selected as a reference frequency source, the FPGA carries out frequency multiplication and frequency division on the reference frequency source to obtain a locally generated pulse per second signal. The FPGA takes an externally input second pulse signal as a reference, and performs phase difference measurement operation on the intrinsic second signal.
And the measured phase difference value is assigned to a register specified in the FPAG and is transmitted to the ARM through a data bus. And the ARM calculates the change value of the phase difference of the intrinsic second signal and the external input second signal along with time, and calculates the frequency difference between the rubidium atomic oscillator and the external standard frequency according to the difference value.
And the frequency difference value calculated by the ARM is fed back to the FPGA through a data bus. And the FPGA carries out frequency modulation operation on the rubidium atomic oscillator according to the received frequency difference value, so that the output frequency of the rubidium atomic oscillator is traced to the source and is synchronized to the upper-level time frequency reference.
And outputting standard pulse-per-second signals by the frequency-modulated rubidium atomic clock, wherein one path of pulse-per-second signals is sent to external satellite comparison equipment or tracing equipment, and calculating to obtain a time difference message value. And the FPGA analyzes the time difference message to obtain a phase difference value to be adjusted, and performs phase modulation operation on the output second signal to enable the phase of the intrinsic second signal to be synchronous with the standard second signal. The intrinsic second signal after frequency modulation and phase modulation is used for driving a local self-clock module to generate a standard time message.
The time message input from outside is used to carry out time synchronization operation on the local self-clock, so that the output time message is synchronous with the upper-level time standard. The time value generated by the clock is given to the ARM, and the ARM control panel display screen displays the value of the output time message.
Advantageous effects
The method has the advantages that the principle of preferentially selecting the time frequency reference signals from higher level input from the outside is adopted, the frequency and time standard after multi-element comparison (comparison between an external input source and an internal rubidium atom oscillator) is distributed in the time service network layer, and high-performance, high-stability and high-precision time signals are provided for the power network.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an electrical rubidium clock design;
FIG. 2 is a second signal phase modulation technique;
FIG. 3 is the generation of a time message;
fig. 4 is a dual rubidium clock time hub embodiment.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the design scheme of the electric rubidium clock includes the following main functions according to actual requirements:
providing input interfaces of various high-precision frequency sources, accessing an external standard time source, and tracking high-precision time;
the frequency selection unit is used for enabling the electric rubidium clock to share three frequency sources of external 10MHz, 2.048MHz and internal rubidium atomic clock 10MHz, and preferentially selecting the external frequency source;
the frequency modulation unit resonates the local frequency with an externally input higher-level time reference according to the frequency stability characteristic of the rubidium atomic oscillator;
the time difference message receiving unit is used for receiving the phase difference value from the comparison equipment and adjusting the phase in real time to synchronize the output second with the standard second;
a phase measurement unit measuring a phase difference between the intrinsic seconds and the seconds of the externally input time reference;
the phase modulation unit receives phase modulation from the time difference message, the network manager and the synchronous key;
the second signal phase large jump processing unit is used for smoothing second phase jumps caused by various anomalies;
the panel key unit provides a manual trigger mechanism synchronous with an external time reference;
providing a standard time message and a second signal input interface, and synchronizing an external standard time signal;
coordinating a unit for converting universal time UTC to Beijing time to complete time adjustment functions of different time zones;
the time signal output unit outputs highly accurate and stable time signals. A time signal without transitions;
and the management information serial interface unit provides a communication interface for the unified network management system.
The frequency standards commonly used in the power industry are 10MHz and 2.048MHz frequency signals, and the electric rubidium clock equipment receives the frequency standard from a superior time center through a frequency input port. When external frequency is input, the frequency selection module preferentially uses an external frequency source, so that a time frequency signal output by the electric rubidium clock device is directly synchronized with a superior time center. When the external frequency input is interrupted, the electric rubidium clock equipment continues to output a stable frequency signal by depending on a rubidium atom oscillator of the electric rubidium clock equipment. After the rubidium atomic oscillator is selected as a reference frequency source, the FPGA carries out frequency multiplication and frequency division on the reference frequency source to obtain a locally generated pulse per second signal. The FPGA takes an externally input second pulse signal as a reference, and performs phase difference measurement operation on the intrinsic second signal. And the measured phase difference value is assigned to a register specified in the FPAG and is transmitted to the ARM through a data bus. And the ARM calculates the change value of the phase difference of the intrinsic second signal and the external input second signal along with time, and calculates the frequency difference between the rubidium atomic oscillator and the external standard frequency according to the difference value. And the frequency difference value calculated by the ARM is fed back to the FPGA through a data bus. And the FPGA carries out frequency modulation operation on the rubidium atomic oscillator according to the received frequency difference value, so that the output frequency of the rubidium atomic oscillator is traced to the source and is synchronized to the upper-level time frequency reference. And outputting standard pulse-per-second signals by the frequency-modulated rubidium atomic clock, wherein one path of pulse-per-second signals is sent to external satellite comparison equipment or tracing equipment, and calculating to obtain a time difference message value. And the FPGA analyzes the time difference message to obtain a phase difference value to be adjusted, and performs phase modulation operation on the output second signal to enable the phase of the intrinsic second signal to be synchronous with the standard second signal. The intrinsic second signal after frequency modulation and phase modulation is used for driving a local self-clock module to generate a standard time message. The time message input from outside is used to carry out time synchronization operation on the local self-clock, so that the output time message is synchronous with the upper-level time standard. The time value generated by the clock is given to the ARM, and the ARM control panel display screen displays the value of the output time message.
Aiming at the functions to be realized by the electric rubidium clock equipment, the invention contents of the electric rubidium clock are mainly summarized as follows:
selecting a system frequency source according to the priority level;
the method comprises the following steps of accurately measuring the frequency of a rubidium atomic clock, and carrying out frequency modulation on the rubidium atomic clock to enable the frequency to be tamed and synchronized on a higher-level time reference;
generating a self clock (second signal and time message) based on a frequency source;
receiving a time difference message and a time message;
adjusting the output second phase according to the time difference message value and the network management value;
second signal phase modulation and large phase jump processing;
setting frequency source, time data and phase parameters manually through a network manager;
and providing a standard 10MHz frequency, a standard second signal and a standard time message for the whole time central station.
The functional modules of the system comprise a frequency selection module, a phase modulation module, a self-clock module, a frequency modulation module, a processor interface module, an alarm and state quantity acquisition module, a panel display design module and a network management design module. The circuit of the system mainly comprises a time signal driving circuit, a frequency multiplier, a rubidium atomic clock, a battery unit, a field programmable gate array and a microprocessor.
The functions of the modules are as follows:
a frequency selection module: one path is selected from an externally input 10MHz frequency source or a rubidium atomic clock 10MHz frequency source to be used as an operating clock of the system. After power-on, the external priority is defaulted, if no external priority exists, a local rubidium oscillator is selected as a frequency source, and the frequency source can be selected through network management software;
a phase modulation module: analyzing the time difference message from the satellite comparison equipment to obtain a phase difference value to be adjusted, and performing phase modulation on the output second signal; the network management program is supported to manually set a phase modulation value, and phase modulation is carried out on the output second phase; the method supports or directly presses keys to manually synchronize an external input second signal; the phase modulation algorithm limits the phase modulation value, smoothes the second phase jump caused by various anomalies, and takes the upper limit of the phase modulation value to phase modulate the second signal when the phase modulation value exceeds a critical value, thereby preventing the generation of large phase jump caused by the anomaly. See attachment figure 2.
A self-running clock module: the clock automatically operates according to the intrinsic second signal generated by the system clock, and can synchronize the externally input time message or directly set time data through a network manager; the system takes the time data of the self-clock as the reference to externally output the time message. See annex figure three.
A frequency modulation module: when a system clock signal is provided by a rubidium atomic oscillator, measuring a period difference between local second and external input reference second by taking an external input second signal as a reference, and calculating a frequency modulation value to modulate the frequency of the rubidium atomic oscillator according to a frequency modulation algorithm based on a stability curve of the rubidium atomic oscillator;
a processor interface module: the FPGA and the ARM are responsible for transferring data between the FPGA and the ARM, and the data comprises: frequency modulation value, time data, phase modulation value and state parameters configured by network management;
the alarm and state quantity acquisition module: the module mainly collects the state quantity parameters of various input terminals, a rubidium atomic clock, a power supply and a battery and sends the parameters to a network manager;
panel display design module: the device time information is displayed through the LCD display screen. The device time synchronizes the external input reference time through the panel key operation.
A network management design module: the functions of the network management part comprise: remote control and state monitoring. The state monitoring comprises the following steps: various external terminal acquisition quantities, power supply battery alarm quantities, rubidium atomic clock states, current frequency modulation values, current frequency sources and the like. The remote control includes: time report setting, phase adjustment, frequency source selection setting and the like.
Rubidium atomic clock frequency modulation algorithm
The rubidium atomic clock adopted by the electric rubidium clock can perform operations such as resetting, frequency modulation and the like through a serial port. When no external frequency is input, the system clock is provided by the rubidium atomic clock, and at the moment, the circuit control unit can send a reset command through a network manager, so that the output frequency of the rubidium atomic clock is locked at about 10 MHz. And (3) taking an external input second signal from a GPS satellite cesium atomic clock as a reference, carrying out frequency measurement calculation on the output frequency of the rubidium atomic clock, and calculating a frequency difference value by using a least square method. And calculating a frequency modulation value by a frequency modulation algorithm according to the obtained frequency difference value and by combining a frequency stability curve of the rubidium atomic oscillator. The frequency modulation algorithm filters the frequency modulation data to eliminate large frequency modulation data caused by the abnormality. According to the frequency modulation value obtained by the frequency modulation algorithm, a frequency modulation command is sent to perform frequency modulation on the rubidium atomic clock, so that the output frequency of the rubidium atomic oscillator can be traced to a source and synchronized to a standard time frequency signal of a higher level, and a stable 10MHz frequency signal is finally output.
The frequency modulation command is as follows:
(1) the FPGA sends a reset command 'RST' in the form of ASICII characters according to an RS232 serial port communication protocol, and the reset can be realized by ending with an 'enter' key;
(2) the frequency modulation function can be realized by sending an FRExxxxxxxx command and returning; where xxxxxxxxxx most significant bit is the sign bit: increase '0' and decrease '1'. The latter 7 bits of data are the decimal frequency modulation value X in millihertz. The calculation formula is as follows:
X= 
wherein,
indicating the frequency difference value.
The required stabilization time of the rubidium atomic clock receiving the frequency modulation command is shown in table one.
| Frequency modulation range (Hz) | Time(s) (reference value) |
| X*10-7 | X*5 |
| X*10-8 | X*0.5 |
| X*10-9 | X*0.05 |
Frequency modulation tracking time of meter I and rubidium atomic clock
In the invention, through the grading selection processing of various time sources, the excellent frequency stability of the rubidium atomic oscillator is fully utilized, and the time frequency reference (China UTC (NTSC), the power grid autonomous time center time, the Beidou satellite time, the GPS satellite time and the like maintained by a national time service center) synchronized to a higher level is tamed, so that the stable frequency (10MHz) reference, the second phase reference and the time reporting reference are provided for the main station of the whole time system.
In view of the development demand of the smart grid, an embodiment of an electrical rubidium clock as a time center station is shown in fig. 4, and a design scheme of a dual rubidium clock center station is generally adopted: two sets of electric rubidium clocks are configured as frequency references, a main frequency division clock and a standby frequency division clock and distribution amplification equipment. The electric rubidium clock equipment after frequency calibration can be used as the highest frequency standard of a time center station, and a power grid time unified system is formed by a time service network formed by transmission media such as optical fibers and Ethernet, a PTP master clock, a clock expansion device and the like. The dual rubidium clock devices are mutually backup, the reliability of the time center station is improved, and transition dependence on a GPS can be eliminated through the mode.
Claims (1)
1. A rubidium oscillator-based standard frequency and time adjustment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when external frequency is input, the frequency selection module preferentially uses an external frequency source to enable a time frequency signal output by the electric rubidium clock device to be directly synchronous with a superior time center;
when the external frequency input is interrupted, the electric rubidium clock equipment continues to output stable frequency signals by means of a rubidium atom oscillator of the electric rubidium clock equipment;
after the rubidium atomic oscillator is selected as a reference frequency source, the FPGA carries out frequency multiplication and frequency division on the reference frequency source to obtain a locally generated pulse per second signal; the FPGA takes an externally input second pulse signal as a reference, and performs phase difference measurement operation on the intrinsic second signal;
the measured phase difference value is assigned to a register specified in the FPAG and is transmitted to the ARM through a data bus; the ARM calculates the change value of the phase difference of the intrinsic second signal and the external input second signal along with time, and calculates the frequency difference between the rubidium atomic oscillator and the external standard frequency according to the difference value;
feeding back the frequency difference value obtained by ARM calculation to the FPGA through a data bus; the FPGA carries out frequency modulation operation on the rubidium atomic oscillator according to the received frequency difference value, so that the output frequency of the rubidium atomic oscillator is traced to the source and is synchronized to the upper-level time frequency reference;
outputting standard pulse-per-second signals by the frequency-modulated rubidium atomic clock, wherein one path of pulse-per-second signals is sent to external satellite comparison equipment or tracing equipment, and calculating to obtain a time difference message value; the FPGA analyzes the time difference message to obtain a phase difference value to be adjusted, and phase modulation operation is carried out on the output second signal, so that the phase of the intrinsic second signal is synchronous with the standard second signal; the intrinsic second signal after frequency modulation and phase modulation is used for driving a local self-clock module to generate a standard time message; the FPGA carries out frequency modulation operation on the rubidium atomic oscillator according to the received frequency difference value, and calculates a frequency modulation value X according to the following formula:
X= 
wherein,indicating the frequency difference value.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010105435228A CN102064827B (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2010-11-11 | Rubidium oscillator-based standard frequency and time adjusting method |
| BR112013011079-1A BR112013011079B1 (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2011-11-09 | STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME-BASED ADJUSTMENT METHOD ON THE RUBY OSCILLATOR |
| PCT/CN2011/081992 WO2012062207A1 (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2011-11-09 | Standard frequency and time adjusting method based on rubidium oscillator |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102064827A (en) | 2011-05-18 |
| BR112013011079B1 (en) | 2020-12-22 |
| WO2012062207A9 (en) | 2013-06-06 |
| BR112013011079A2 (en) | 2016-08-23 |
| WO2012062207A1 (en) | 2012-05-18 |
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