CN116908537B - Current voltage frequency calculation circuit and method - Google Patents
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- CN116908537B CN116908537B CN202311179634.3A CN202311179634A CN116908537B CN 116908537 B CN116908537 B CN 116908537B CN 202311179634 A CN202311179634 A CN 202311179634A CN 116908537 B CN116908537 B CN 116908537B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a current voltage frequency calculation circuit and a method, which belong to the technical field of electric power measurement, and comprise the steps of sampling current or voltage data in the operation process of an electric power system at equal time intervals to form sampling data, and converting the sampling data from an analog quantity signal to a digital quantity signal; reading the highest bit of the digital quantity signal of the sampling data, and judging as a rising edge or a falling edge; and comparing the interval between the rising edge or the falling edge at the current moment and the arrival time of the second pulse with the interval between the rising edge or the falling edge at the last moment and the arrival time of the second pulse, and calculating to obtain the frequency value according to the comparison result and the count of the rising edge and the falling edge. The method is used for solving the problems that the calculated amount is large and the accuracy of the calculated result is influenced by the data amount in the existing frequency calculating method. The invention processes only one data bit in the existing sampling data, calculates the frequency value, consumes less resources, does not need a high-precision AD chip, has no requirement on the sampling bit number, and has low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric power measurement, and particularly relates to a current voltage frequency calculation circuit and a method.
Background
The frequency is one of the important indicators of the power quality, and is an important parameter reflecting the running state of the power system. In general, the system frequency reflects the basic state of active power supply-demand balance in the power system, and it will slowly change in a small range with load fluctuation. In a stable operating state, the output power of the generator is balanced with the system load and loss, and the frequency of the electric power system is a nominal value. If the switching of a large capacity load or a generator, and the imperfection of the control equipment may cause a frequency shift, thereby affecting the stable operation of the power system and the normal operation of the user equipment.
When the generated energy and the user load are unbalanced and the power consumption exceeds the load capacity of the generator to cause low-frequency operation of the power grid, the power supply and the load are unbalanced very infirm under low frequency, namely the stability is very poor, the power grid is easily broken down, and the safe operation of the power grid is seriously threatened; the frequency is reduced, the rotation speed of the generator and the motor is reduced, so that the terminal voltage of the generator and the output of the motor are reduced, the quality and the output of user products are affected, the rejection rate of industrial users is increased, the consumption of raw materials and energy sources is increased, and even the burning of power generation equipment and the motor and the damage of other equipment can be caused; automatic equipment with strict frequency requirements often malfunction: the error of the electrical measuring instrument is increased, the safety automatic device and relay protection malfunction are caused, and the like.
In the prior art, a frequency calculation method for counting high level and low level is adopted to count the number of the high level and the number of the low level in one period of sampling data, and then the frequency of the sampling data can be obtained according to the sampling interval TThe technical scheme can roughly calculate the frequency value, and has the defects that the calculation accuracy is limited by the sampling frequency and the error is large. Or a power grid voltage frequency calculation method of Fourier transformation is adopted to carry out Fourier transformation on the sampling data to obtain a frequency value and an amplitude, and the method has the defects of large calculated amount, large error only when the relative size of the frequency is given, large data quantity influence and large estimated frequency uncertainty when the frequency change is large and the data quantity is small.
In summary, the frequency calculation method in the prior art has the problems that the calculation amount is large, and the accuracy of the calculation result is affected by the data amount.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a current voltage frequency calculation circuit and a current voltage frequency calculation method, which are used for solving the problems that the calculated amount is large and the accuracy of a calculated result is influenced by the size of data in the existing frequency calculation method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for calculating a current-voltage frequency, comprising,
sampling current or voltage data in the running process of the power system at equal time intervals to form sampling data, and converting the sampling data from an analog quantity signal to a digital quantity signal;
reading the highest bit of the digital quantity signal of the sampling data, and judging as a rising edge or a falling edge;
and comparing the interval between the rising edge or the falling edge at the current moment and the arrival time of the second pulse with the interval between the rising edge or the falling edge at the last moment and the arrival time of the second pulse, and calculating to obtain the frequency value according to the comparison result and the count of the rising edge and the falling edge.
Preferably, a rising edge is determined when the highest order bit of the sampled data digital quantity signal changes from 1 to 0, and a falling edge is determined when the highest order bit of the sampled data digital quantity signal changes from 0 to 1.
Preferably, if the clock is a falling edge, the falling edge counter cnt_n is added with 1, and the value Tn2 of the second pulse to falling edge time counter is cleared, so that the calculation is restarted;
if the rising edge is the rising edge, adding 1 to the rising edge counter cnt_p, resetting the value Tp2 of the rising edge time counter from the second pulse to the second pulse, and restarting the calculation;
at the arrival time of the second pulse, recording the value Tn2 from the second pulse at the current time to the falling edge time counter, the value Tp2 from the second pulse at the current time to the rising edge time counter, the rising edge count value N1 and the falling edge count value N2, and resetting the falling edge counter cnt_n and the rising edge counter cnt_p;
the value Tn1 from the last time second pulse to the falling edge time counter is compared with the value Tp1 from the last time second pulse to the rising edge time counter, the value Tn2 from the current time second pulse to the falling edge time counter is compared with the value Tp2 from the current time second pulse to the rising edge time counter, and the frequency value is calculated according to the comparison result.
Further, when Tn1 is less than Tp1 and Tn2 is less than Tp2, then the frequency valuefThe formula is:
。
further, when Tn1 is greater than Tp1 and Tn2 is greater than Tp2, then the frequency valuefThe formula is:
。
further, when Tn1 is less than Tp1 and Tn2 is greater than Tp2, then the frequency valuefThe formula is:
。
further, when Tn1 is greater than Tp1 and Tn2 is less than Tp2, then the frequency valuefThe formula is:
。
further, the value of the value Tn2 from the current time second pulse to the falling edge time counter is assigned to the value Tn1 from the previous time second pulse to the falling edge time counter, and the value of the value Tp2 from the current time second pulse to the rising edge time counter is assigned to the value Tp1 from the previous time second pulse to the rising edge time counter for the next frequency calculation.
Preferably, the sampling rate of the time-spaced samples is 10kHz, 50kHz or 100kHz.
The second aspect of the invention provides a current-voltage-frequency calculation circuit, which comprises an AD chip and an FPGA;
the input end of the AD chip receives a current or voltage signal, and the output end of the AD chip is in data interaction connection with the input end of the FPGA;
the FPGA controls the AD chip to sample at equal time intervals, and the AD chip converts an analog quantity signal of a current or voltage signal into a digital quantity signal; the FPGA reads the highest bit of the digital quantity signal of the sampling data and judges whether the highest bit is a rising edge or a falling edge; and comparing the interval between the rising edge or the falling edge at the current moment and the arrival time of the second pulse with the interval between the rising edge or the falling edge at the last moment and the arrival time of the second pulse, and calculating to obtain the frequency value according to the comparison result and the count of the rising edge and the falling edge.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides a current voltage frequency calculation method, which is used for converting analog quantity signals into digital quantities by sampling current or voltage data in the operation process of a power system at equal time intervals; judging and generating rising edge signals and falling edge signals by utilizing the highest bit of the digital quantity of the acquired data; by comparing the interval between the rising edge or the falling edge at the current moment and the arrival time of the second pulse with the interval between the rising edge or the falling edge at the last moment and the arrival time of the second pulse, the invention divides the calculation formulas of the frequency values into different types, and selects corresponding calculation formulas for each type according to the comparison result to obtain the final frequency value. The calculation method of the invention only uses one data bit in the existing sampling data to process, calculates the frequency value, and has the advantages of less resource consumption, no need of high-precision AD chip, no requirement on sampling bit number and low cost; the invention completes the operation of the frequency value by counting the rising edge and the falling edge and the time from the rising edge and the falling edge to the second pulse, and has small operation amount.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a current-voltage-frequency calculation method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a current-voltage-frequency calculation according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a first type of waveform diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a second type of waveform diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a third type of waveform diagram of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a fourth type of waveform diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to illustrate, but not to limit, the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a current voltage frequency calculation method, which comprises the following steps:
sampling data is formed by sampling current or voltage data at equal time intervals, and the sampling data is converted from an analog quantity signal to a digital quantity signal.
Reading the highest bit of the digital quantity signal of the sampling data, and judging as a rising edge or a falling edge;
and comparing the interval between the rising edge or the falling edge at the current moment and the arrival time of the second pulse with the interval between the rising edge or the falling edge at the last moment and the arrival time of the second pulse, and calculating to obtain the frequency value according to the comparison result and the count of the rising edge and the falling edge.
The invention divides the calculation of the frequency value into different types, and selects corresponding calculation formulas aiming at each type to obtain the final frequency value. The calculation method of the invention only uses one data bit in the existing sampling data to process, calculates the frequency value, and has the advantages of less resource consumption, no need of high-precision AD chip, no requirement on sampling bit number and low cost; the invention completes the operation of the frequency value by counting the rising edge and the falling edge and the time from the rising edge and the falling edge to the second pulse, and has small operation amount.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the method for calculating the frequency of the current and the voltage provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
and step 1, sampling the acquired current or voltage signals at equal time intervals to form sampling data, and converting the sampling data from an analog quantity signal to a digital quantity signal AD [15:0].
The sampling rate of the time-spaced samples is typically 10kHz, 50kHz, 100kHz.
And 2, reading the highest bit AD 15 of the sampled data digital quantity signal, judging a rising edge if the highest bit AD 15 of the sampled data digital quantity signal is from 1 to 0, and judging a falling edge if the highest bit AD 15 of the sampled data digital quantity signal is from 0 to 1.
And 3, if the time is a falling edge, adding 1 to a falling edge counter cnt_n, resetting a value Tn2 of a time counter from a second pulse to the falling edge, and restarting calculation.
If the rising edge is detected, the rising edge counter cnt_p is incremented by 1, and the second pulse is cleared to the value Tp2 of the rising edge time counter, and the calculation is restarted.
And 4, at the arrival time of the second pulse, recording the value Tn2 from the second pulse at the current time to the falling edge time counter, the value Tp2 from the second pulse at the current time to the rising edge time counter, the rising edge count value N1 and the falling edge count value N2, and resetting the falling edge counter Cnt_n and the rising edge counter Cnt_p.
Step 5, if the value Tn1 of the last time second pulse to falling edge time counter is smaller than the value Tp1 of the last time second pulse to rising edge time counter, and the value Tn2 of the current time second pulse to falling edge time counter is smaller than the value Tp2 of the current time second pulse to rising edge time counter, the frequency value isCorresponds to the first type of waveform shown in fig. 3.
If the value Tn1 of the last time second pulse to falling edge time counter is greater than the value Tp1 of the last time second pulse to rising edge time counter and the value Tn2 of the current time second pulse to falling edge time counter is greater than the value Tp2 of the current time second pulse to rising edge time counter, the frequency value isCorresponds to the second type of waveform shown in fig. 4.
If the value Tn1 of the last time second pulse to falling edge time counter is smaller than the value Tp1 of the last time second pulse to rising edge time counter and the value Tn2 of the current time second pulse to falling edge time counter is larger than the value Tp2 of the current time second pulse to rising edge time counter, the frequency value isCorresponds to the third type of waveform diagram shown in fig. 5.
If the value Tn1 of the last time second pulse to falling edge time counter is greater than the value Tp1 of the last time second pulse to rising edge time counter and the value Tn2 of the current time second pulse to falling edge time counter is less than the value Tp2 of the current time second pulse to rising edge time counter, the frequency value isCorresponds to the fourth type of waveform diagram shown in fig. 6.
And 6, assigning the value Tn2 from the current time second pulse to the falling edge time counter to the value Tn1 from the previous time second pulse to the falling edge time counter, and assigning the value Tp2 from the current time second pulse to the rising edge time counter to the value Tp1 from the previous time second pulse to the rising edge time counter for the next frequency calculation.
In the embodiment of the invention, the number of the obtained frequency value is limited by counting for only 1 second, and the method can be further expanded to counting for multiple seconds, so that the number of the frequency value can be greatly improved, for example, 50 frequency is counted for 1 second, the frequency is 50Hz, the decimal part can be obtained only through the formula, if 502 frequency is 10 seconds, the frequency is 50.2Hz, and the smaller number of the frequency value is obtained through the formula, and thus the number of the effective digits is increased by 1 bit.
The invention converts analog quantity signals into digital quantities by sampling current or voltage data at equal time intervals; generating rising and falling edge signals using the most significant bits of the digital quantity; the calculation of the frequency value is divided into 4 different types by judging the time intervals of the rising edge, the falling edge and the second pulse; the final frequency value is obtained by selecting a corresponding calculation formula according to each type, and the method has the characteristics of small calculated amount, less consumed resources and strong expandability.
As shown in fig. 2, the embodiment of the invention further provides a current-voltage-frequency calculation circuit, which comprises an AD chip, an FPGA and a crystal oscillator; the input end of the AD chip receives a current or voltage signal, and the output end of the AD chip is in data interactive connection with the input end of the FPGA; the FPGA controls the AD chip to sample at equal time intervals, the AD chip converts the analog quantity signal into a digital quantity signal, and the crystal oscillator provides a clock signal for the FPGA; the FPGA reads the highest bit of the digital quantity signal of the sampling data and generates a rising edge signal and a falling edge signal; the frequency value is calculated by judging the time intervals of the rising edge, the falling edge and the second pulse.
Claims (4)
1. A method for calculating the frequency of current and voltage is characterized by comprising the following steps,
sampling current or voltage data in the running process of the power system at equal time intervals to form sampling data, and converting the sampling data from an analog quantity signal to a digital quantity signal;
reading the highest bit of the sampling data digital quantity signal, and judging whether the sampling data digital quantity signal is a rising edge or a falling edge according to the change condition of the highest bit; when the highest bit of the sampled data digital quantity signal is changed from 1 to 0, judging a rising edge, and if the highest bit of the sampled data digital quantity signal is changed from 0 to 1, judging a falling edge;
if the time is the falling edge, adding 1 to the falling edge counter Cnt_n, resetting the value Tn2 from the second pulse to the falling edge time counter, and restarting the calculation;
if the rising edge is the rising edge, adding 1 to the rising edge counter cnt_p, resetting the value Tp2 of the rising edge time counter from the second pulse to the second pulse, and restarting the calculation;
at the arrival time of the second pulse, recording the value Tn2 from the second pulse at the current time to the falling edge time counter, the value Tp2 from the second pulse at the current time to the rising edge time counter, the rising edge count value N1 and the falling edge count value N2, and resetting the falling edge counter cnt_n and the rising edge counter cnt_p;
comparing the value Tn1 from the last time second pulse to the falling edge time counter with the value Tp1 from the last time second pulse to the rising edge time counter, and calculating according to the comparison result to obtain a frequency value by comparing the value Tn2 from the current time second pulse to the falling edge time counter with the value Tp2 from the current time second pulse to the rising edge time counter;
when Tn1 is less than Tp1 and Tn2 is less than Tp2, then the frequency valuefThe formula is:
；
when Tn1 is greater than Tp1 and Tn2 is greater than Tp2, then the frequency valuefThe formula is:
；
when Tn1 is less than Tp1 and Tn2 is greater than Tp2, then the frequency valuefThe formula is:
；
when Tn1 is greater than Tp1 and Tn2 is less than Tp2, then the frequency valuefThe formula is:
。
2. a method of calculating a current-voltage frequency according to claim 1, characterized in that the value of the value Tn2 of the current time-second pulse-to-falling edge time counter is assigned to the value Tn1 of the last time-second pulse-to-falling edge time counter, and the value of the value Tp2 of the current time-second pulse-to-rising edge time counter is assigned to the value Tp1 of the last time-second pulse-to-rising edge time counter for the next frequency calculation.
3. A method of calculating a frequency of a current voltage according to claim 1, wherein the sampling rate of the time-spaced samples is 10kHz, 50kHz or 100kHz.
4. A current-voltage-frequency calculation circuit for implementing a current-voltage-frequency calculation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising an AD chip and an FPGA;
the input end of the AD chip receives a current or voltage signal, and the output end of the AD chip is in data interaction connection with the input end of the FPGA;
the FPGA controls the AD chip to sample at equal time intervals, and the AD chip converts an analog quantity signal of a current or voltage signal into a digital quantity signal; the FPGA reads the highest bit of the digital quantity signal of the sampling data and judges whether the highest bit is a rising edge or a falling edge; and comparing the interval between the rising edge or the falling edge at the current moment and the arrival time of the second pulse with the interval between the rising edge or the falling edge at the last moment and the arrival time of the second pulse, and calculating to obtain the frequency value according to the comparison result and the count of the rising edge and the falling edge.
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