CN108333425A - A kind of digital frequency meter - Google Patents

A kind of digital frequency meter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108333425A
CN108333425A CN201810042192.0A CN201810042192A CN108333425A CN 108333425 A CN108333425 A CN 108333425A CN 201810042192 A CN201810042192 A CN 201810042192A CN 108333425 A CN108333425 A CN 108333425A
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frequency
signal
module
microcontroller
measurement
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CN108333425B (en
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谢建宏
李纪楷
李鸣
胡兆吉
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Nanchang University
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Nanchang University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R23/00Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
    • G01R23/02Arrangements for measuring frequency, e.g. pulse repetition rate; Arrangements for measuring period of current or voltage

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Frequencies, Analyzing Spectra (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of digital frequency meters, it include the microcontroller equipped with first timer and second timer, and display module, key-press module, indicating lamp module and the power module being connect respectively with microcontroller, microcontroller includes surveying all modules and frequency measurement module, is additionally provided with signal frequency split module and data selecting module, Signal-regulated kinase and timing signal source module.The software of microcontroller insertion includes that parameter adjustment program, frequency measurement program and LCD frequencies show program.Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:Circuit is simple, it is compact-sized, at low cost, stable system performance, strong antijamming capability, measurement accuracy is higher, and intelligence degree is high, can be reasonably selected to frequency division coefficient, the count value under optional frequency is set to be in more reasonable range, the unit of display frequency can also be automatically adjusted, the display of frequency is made to be accurate to one decimal place, can be widely applied to the measurement of the physical quantitys such as rotating speed, vibration frequency.

Description

A kind of digital frequency meter
Technical field
The present invention relates to frequency measurements, more particularly to a kind of digital frequency meter.
Background technology
Digital frequency meter is the instrument measured to frequency signal using digital circuit, be mainly used for measuring sine wave, The frequency values of the periodic signals such as rectangular wave, triangular wave and sharp pulse.For improve measurement accuracy, measured signal frequency 10KHz with Under, using cycle test method measurement frequency, between the two neighboring rising edge or failing edge for having carried out the measured signal of signal condition Timing signal is counted, the frequency of measured signal is calculated further according to count value;Measured signal frequency is more than 10KHz, is used Multi-period synchronous measuring method measurement frequency, the corresponding counter of timing signal is corresponding with measured signal under the control of signal strobe Counter start simultaneously at and be simultaneously stopped counting, obtain two count values, further according to the two count values calculate measured signal Frequency.Existing digital frequency meter because of manufacturing firm respectively complicated design scheme, different properties, be further improved with it is complete It is kind.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to make up the defect of the above-mentioned prior art, a kind of digital frequency meter is provided.
The technical problem of the present invention is resolved by the following technical programs.
This digital frequency meter includes the microcontroller equipped with first timer and second timer, and respectively with it is described Display module, key-press module, indicating lamp module and the power module of microcontroller connection, the microcontroller is system control core, The display module for display counting process with as a result, the key-press module for function select and parameter setting, it is described Indicating lamp module is used to indicate whether system powers on and current frequency measurement is cycle test method or Measuring Frequency Method, the power supply mould Block is for providing 5V DC power supplies and 3.3V DC power supplies;
The characteristics of this digital frequency meter is:
The microcontroller includes surveying all modules and frequency measurement module, and the week module of surveying measures frequency using the method for measurement period Rate, by one and the trapping module of door and the second timer of the universaling I/O port control single chip computer of microcontroller to measured signal one Timing signal in a period is counted, and cycle timer number process is completed, and the frequency measurement module uses multi period testing frequency measurement rate Method measurement frequency, determined by first timer and second under the signal strobe control of the universaling I/O port of the same microcontroller When device counted to measured signal with timing signal respectively, the universaling I/O port respectively with the capture channel of first timer 0, the capture channel 0 of second timer is connected, and while corresponding capture channel captures signal strobe, completes to corresponding timing The record of the count value of device completes frequency measurement counting process;
It is additionally provided with signal frequency split module and the data being connected among the signal frequency split module and microcontroller choosing Module is selected, the signal frequency split module is for dividing the signal higher than the upper frequency limit required by the microcontroller, institute Data selecting module is stated to reasonably select the measured signal of measured signal and two divided-frequency and timing signal that do not divide, The square wave that makes the count value under optional frequency be in more reasonable range, and will be suitble to signal frequency split module cooperation Signal is sent into microcontroller and is counted;
It is additionally provided with the Signal-regulated kinase being connected among measured signal and the signal frequency split module, and is connected to institute The timing signal source module among microcontroller and the signal frequency split module is stated, the Signal-regulated kinase is used for 0~5V's Measured signal is converted into the square-wave signal that amplitude is 3.3V, and the timing signal source module includes timing signal data selector, The crystal oscillating circuit of two clock signals MCLK, SMCLK selection 8MHz of microcontroller, the ACLK selections of third clock signal The crystal oscillating circuit of 32.768KHz is surveyed respectively by clock out pin P5.5, P5.6 output of the microcontroller as frequency Timing signal during amount, the timing signal are generated by the signal frequency split of 8MHz or 32.768KHz, pass through modification of program Corresponding register is realized.
The technical problem of the present invention is resolved by technical solution further below.
The microcontroller is 16 microcontrollers of model MSP430F149, and the signal frequency upper limit that I/O mouthpieces are received is 10MHz, including 12 analog-digital converters, with capture, threshold function 2 16 digit counters and piece in comparator, it is embedding The software entered includes that parameter adjustment program, frequency measurement program and LCD frequencies show program, and the parameter adjustment program is in difference The clock source and frequency division coefficient for the timing signal that the frequency of selection and measured signal matches under frequency range, the frequency measurement By the reasonable selection of the frequency division coefficient of frequency division coefficient and timing signal to measured signal, realize makes under optional frequency program Count value is in more reasonable range, and the LCD frequencies show program under the width that limited character is shown, by certainly The unit of dynamic adjustment display frequency, realizes that the frequency for being accurate to one decimal place is shown.
The signal frequency split module is the two divided-frequency module for using chip as 74HC74.
The data selecting module is the data selector of model 74LS157, to the measured signal not divided and two points The measured signal and timing signal SMCLK and ACLK signal of frequency are selected.
The Signal-regulated kinase includes signal comparison module and signal shaping module.
The signal comparison module is the comparison module for using chip as MAX903, and converting measured signal to amplitude is The square-wave signal of 3.3V, to adapt to the measurement amplitude range of 0.5V to 5V and the output amplitude of 3.3V.
The signal shaping module is the phase inverter with Schmidt trigger for using chip as 74HC14, to the letter The square-wave signal that the amplitude of number comparison module output is 3.3V carries out shaping, keeps its rising edge and failing edge more precipitous.
The technical problem of the present invention is resolved by following further technical solution.
The key-press module includes range button, refresh time button, for respectively to the range of measurement frequency and display Refresh time is adjusted.
The display module includes the LCD5110 liquid crystal using three-wire system SPI interface, is made by the USART0 of the microcontroller It is operated in SPI mode, completes the driving to LCD5110 liquid crystal.
The power module includes using chip for the regulator circuit of LM1117, USB power supply interfaces, and digital signal is public Ground is publicly linked by 0 Ω resistance with analog signal, is 3.3V by 5V power source transitions, is generated 5V DC power supplies and 3.3V direct currents Power supply.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
Circuit is simple, compact-sized, at low cost, and stable system performance, strong antijamming capability, measurement accuracy is higher, intelligence Change degree is high, can be reasonably selected to frequency division coefficient, the count value under optional frequency is made to be in more reasonable range, also The unit of display frequency can be automatically adjusted, so that the display of frequency is accurate to one decimal place, can be widely applied to The measurement of the physical quantitys such as rotating speed, vibration frequency.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the survey week module map of the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the frequency measurement module map of the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the main program flow chart of the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the survey week program flow diagram of the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the frequency measurement program flow diagram of the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is the parameter adjustment program flow diagram of the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 is that the LCD frequencies of present embodiment show program flow diagram.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment and compares attached drawing the present invention will be described.
A kind of digital frequency meter such as Fig. 1~8 shown in, for measuring amplitude as 0.5V~5V, frequency range 0.1Hz~ The sinusoidal signal or square-wave signal of 15MHz.
Present embodiment includes the microcontroller equipped with first timer and second timer, and respectively with microcontroller Display module, key-press module, indicating lamp module and the power module (being not drawn into Fig. 1) of connection, microcontroller are system control core The heart, display module include the Nokia LCD5110 liquid crystal using three-wire system SPI interface, make its work by the USART0 of microcontroller In SPI mode, complete the driving to NokiaLCD5110 liquid crystal, for display counting process with as a result, key-press module includes Range button, refresh time button, for the range of measurement frequency and display refresh time to be adjusted respectively, indicator light mould Block is used to indicate whether system powers on and current frequency measurement is cycle test method or Measuring Frequency Method, and power module includes using core Piece is regulator circuit, the USB power supply interface of LM1117, and digital signal publicly by 0 Ω resistance and analog signal publicly 5V power source transitions are 3.3V, for providing 5V DC power supplies and 3.3V DC power supplies by link.
Microcontroller is 16 microcontrollers of model MSP430F149, and the signal frequency upper limit that I/O mouthpieces are received is 10MHz, Include 12 analog-digital converters, have capture, threshold function 2 16 digit counters and piece in comparator, embedded is soft Part includes that parameter adjustment program, frequency measurement program and LCD frequencies show program, is correspondingly provided with parameter adjustment module, frequency is surveyed Amount module and system initialization module, parameter adjustment program select the frequency phase with measured signal under different frequency scope The clock source and frequency division coefficient of matched timing signal, frequency measurement program are believed by frequency division coefficient to measured signal and markers Number frequency division coefficient reasonable selection, realization makes the count value under optional frequency be in more reasonable range, and LCD frequencies are aobvious Show program under the width that limited character is shown, by the unit of adjust automatically display frequency, after realization is accurate to decimal point One frequency is shown.
Microcontroller includes surveying all modules and frequency measurement module, and measured signal frequency is in 10KHz hereinafter, measuring frequency using cycle test method Rate counts timing signal between the two neighboring rising edge or failing edge for having carried out the measured signal of signal condition, The frequency of measured signal is calculated further according to count value;Measured signal frequency is more than 10KHz, is measured using multi-period synchronous measuring method Frequency, the corresponding counter of timing signal counter corresponding with measured signal starts simultaneously at and together under the control of signal strobe When stop count, obtain two count values, further according to the two count values calculate measured signal frequency.
The method measurement frequency that all modules use measurement period is surveyed, by one there are four groups of identical two input terminals one to export End with the trapping module of door 74HC08 and the second timer of the universaling I/O port control single chip computer of microcontroller to measured signal one Timing signal in a period is counted, and cycle timer number process is completed, defeated using one of which two with door 74HC08 in Fig. 2 Enter to hold 1A, 1B and an output end 1Y, a universaling I/O port of input terminal 1A connection microcontrollers to input control gate signal The universaling I/O port of the measured signal of period_ctrl, that is, a cycle, microcontroller is connected with second timer capture channel 1, phase While the capture channel capture signal strobe answered, the record to the count value of corresponding second timer is completed.Fx_std is By the timing signal after data selector, TBCLK is the counting clock input pin of second timer.
Frequency measurement module uses the method measurement frequency of multi period testing frequency measurement rate, in the universaling I/O port of the same microcontroller Signal strobe control under counted to measured signal with timing signal respectively by first timer and second timer, it is general I/O mouthfuls are connected with the capture channel 0 of the capture channel 0 of first timer, second timer respectively, corresponding to capture channel capture While signal strobe, the record to the count value of corresponding timer is completed, completes frequency measurement counting process.In Fig. 3 with door 74HC08 uses wherein two group of two input terminal 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B and output end 2Y, a 3Y, and freq_ctrl is control gate signal, Fx_std be by the timing signal after data selector, fx ' be by the measured signal after data selector, TACLK and TBCLK is respectively the counting clock input pin of first timer and second timer.
The data selecting module for being additionally provided with signal frequency split module and being connected among signal frequency split module and microcontroller, letter Number frequency division module is the two divided-frequency module for using chip as 74HC74, for the letter higher than the upper frequency limit required by microcontroller It number is divided, data selecting module is the data selector of model 74LS157, to the measured signal and two divided-frequency not divided Measured signal and timing signal SMCLK and ACLK signal reasonably selected, so that the count value under optional frequency is at In more reasonable range, and suitable square-wave signal is sent into microcontroller with the cooperation of signal frequency split module and is counted.
It is additionally provided with the Signal-regulated kinase being connected among measured signal and signal frequency split module, and is connected to microcontroller With the timing signal source module among signal frequency split module, Signal-regulated kinase Signal-regulated kinase include signal comparison module with Signal shaping module, signal comparison module are the comparison modules for using chip as MAX903, for by the to be measured sinusoidal of 0~5V or Square-wave signal is converted into the square-wave signal that amplitude is 3.3V, to adapt to measurement amplitude range and the output of 3.3V of 0.5V to 5V Amplitude, signal shaping module is the phase inverter with Schmidt trigger for using chip as 74HC14, to signal comparison module The square-wave signal that the amplitude of output is 3.3V carries out shaping, keeps its rising edge and failing edge more precipitous, timing signal source module Including timing signal data selector, the crystal oscillating circuit of two clock signals MCLK, SMCLK selection 8MHz of microcontroller, third The crystal oscillating circuit of a clock signal ACLK selections 32.768KHz, it is defeated by clock out pin P5.5, P5.6 of microcontroller respectively Go out, as the timing signal in frequency measuring process, timing signal is generated by the signal frequency split of 8MHz or 32.768KHz, is led to The corresponding register of modification of program is crossed to realize.
The main program flow chart of present embodiment is as shown in figure 4, the major function of entire program is into line frequency It measures and is shown, pass through key scan entered function interface so that corresponding range, display refresh time can be adjusted It is whole.
Present embodiment is before carrying out frequency measurement, for the measured signal of different frequency, needs to letter to be measured It number takes different frequency division coefficients to combine with timing signal, count value is made to maintain 1000~50000, it is accurate to ensure to measure Property.The timing signal source and frequency division coefficient surveyed under all states combine as shown in table 1, and fx ' is measured signal, and fx_std believes for markers Number.
Table 1:Survey all relevant parameters
The all program flow diagrams of survey of present embodiment as shown in figure 5, using second timer capture register group 1 Between two neighboring failing edge to measured signal by the number of timing signal captured, obtain count value:With it is to be measured The corresponding count value temp2 of signal frequency.
The combination of timing signal source and frequency division coefficient under frequency measurement state and the opening time of gate are as shown in table 2, Fx ' is measured signal, and fx_std is timing signal.
Table 2:Frequency measurement relevant parameter
The frequency measurement program flow diagram of present embodiment is as shown in fig. 6, simultaneously by first timer and second timer It is counted to measured signal with timing signal, and starts simultaneously at and be simultaneously stopped meter under the control of the same signal strobe Number, obtains two count values:It is the temp1 of count value corresponding with measured signal frequency, corresponding with timing signal frequency The temp2 of count value.
The parameter adjustment program flow diagram of present embodiment is as shown in Figure 7.In the case where surveying all states, count value maximum value It is the maximum value of fx_std count value ranges shown in the count value i.e. table 1 under current frequency range, count value minimum value is to work as The minimum value of fx_std count value ranges shown in count value, that is, table 1 under preceding frequency range.The core of parameter adjustment program is It determines the frequency range of measured signal, specifically carries out the count value range in obtained count value and original inquiry table Compare and obtain, after the completion of the corresponding frequency range of determination matches, set match flag position, match flag position position shows It is the display into line frequency in next step through obtaining rational count value corresponding with measured signal.Frequency measurement state is then similar Situation, what is only adjusted in the case where surveying all states is frequency range, and adjusted under frequency measurement state be gate opening time, table 1 Show to survey under all states with table 2 and be different frequency range corresponding to different count value ranges, and is different under frequency measurement state The gate opening time correspond to different count value ranges.In view of actual conditions are there are the interference of noise, count value can go out Count value range shown in Tables 1 and 2 is extended by now certain deviation in specific program, and maximum value increases 100, minimum value reduces 100, and anti-count value overflows range, to enhance anti-interference ability.
The LCD frequencies of present embodiment show that program flow diagram is as shown in Figure 8.In figure,
flag:Currently by character to be shown, whether there is or not display nonzero characters before, if so, being then 1;If nothing, for 0。
Tem:The current value of certain one-bit digital of the frequency obtained by operation, when calculated temp values non-zero, then It will be shown on LCD, and flag at this time sets 1, even if showing first effective digital it has been shown that there is temp below The case where being 0, will also be shown on LCD.
(x,y+j):Include in xth row, y+j row, wherein j by character:The character that current frequency value is shown on LCD Number, LCD frequencies show program use j control characters display location, if j be 0, illustrate that the integer part of freq1 is 0, i.e. the frequency of measured signal is less than 1Hz, needs to show one 0 integer part as measured signal in designated position.
q:Frequency range label, the corresponding unit of display are " Hz ", " KHz ", or " MHz ".
The LCD frequencies of present embodiment show that program passes through following three equatioies:Temp=freq1/dec_ The cooperation of const, freq1=freq1%dec_const and dec_const=dec_const/10, decomposable asymmetric choice net go out freq1's Kilobit, hundred, ten and a position are shown, after the numerical value of display frequency, then display frequency unit.
The measurement frequency of present embodiment ranging from 0.1Hz~15MHz, span is big, takes different frequency scope Different display modes.The frequency (including unit) that LCD5110 is shown is 8 characters (including number or letter and decimal Point), the division of specific frequency range is as shown in table 3:
3 frequency range of table and its label
Table 3 illustrates the unit being shown under the division of frequency range, current frequency range on LCD5110, and is used for Show the frequency range label of not commensurate.Frequency range label comes from parameter adjustment module, only needs enquiry frequency range mark Number, the correct display of unit can be carried out.
Present embodiment is tested for the property using the square-wave signal of known different standard frequency, test knot Fruit is as shown in table 4.The result shows that the measurement accuracy of the digital frequency meter of the design is higher.
Table 4:Standard frequency and practical frequency Comparative result
The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be said that The specific implementation of the present invention is confined to these explanations.For those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, exist Several equivalent substitute or obvious modifications are made under the premise of not departing from present inventive concept, and performance or use is identical, all should It is considered as belonging to present invention scope of patent protection determined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of digital frequency meter includes the microcontroller equipped with first timer and second timer, and respectively with the list Display module, key-press module, indicating lamp module and the power module of piece machine connection, the microcontroller is system control core, institute Display module is stated for the process of display counting and as a result, the key-press module is used for function selection and parameter setting, the finger Show that lamp module is used to indicate whether system powers on and current frequency measurement is cycle test method or Measuring Frequency Method, the power module For providing 5V DC power supplies and 3.3V DC power supplies, it is characterised in that:
The microcontroller includes surveying all modules and frequency measurement module, the method measurement frequency surveyed all modules and use measurement period, By one and the trapping module of door and the second timer of the universaling I/O port control single chip computer of microcontroller week to measured signal Timing signal in phase is counted, and cycle timer number process is completed, and the frequency measurement module uses the side of multi period testing frequency measurement rate Method measurement frequency, by first timer and second timer under the signal strobe control of the universaling I/O port of the same microcontroller Counted to measured signal with timing signal respectively, the universaling I/O port respectively with the capture channel 0 of first timer, The capture channel 0 of two timers is connected, and while corresponding capture channel captures signal strobe, completes to corresponding timer The record of count value completes frequency measurement counting process;
It is additionally provided with signal frequency split module and the data being connected among the signal frequency split module and microcontroller selection mould Block, the signal frequency split module is for dividing the signal higher than the upper frequency limit required by the microcontroller, the number The measured signal of measured signal and two divided-frequency and timing signal that do not divide are reasonably selected according to selecting module, make to appoint Count value under meaning frequency is in more reasonable range, and the square-wave signal being suitble to signal frequency split module cooperation Microcontroller is sent into be counted;
It is additionally provided with the Signal-regulated kinase being connected among measured signal and the signal frequency split module, and is connected to the list Timing signal source module among piece machine and the signal frequency split module, the Signal-regulated kinase are used for the to be measured of 0~5V Signal is converted into the square-wave signal that amplitude is 3.3V, and the timing signal source module includes timing signal data selector, monolithic The crystal oscillating circuit of two clock signals MCLK, SMCLK selection 8MHz of machine, third clock signal ACLK select 32.768KHz Crystal oscillating circuit, respectively by clock out pin P5.5, P5.6 of microcontroller outputs, as in frequency measuring process Timing signal, the timing signal are generated by the signal frequency split of 8MHz or 32.768KHz, are deposited accordingly by modification of program Device is realized.
2. digital frequency meter as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The microcontroller is 16 microcontrollers of model MSP430F149, and the signal frequency upper limit that I/O mouthpieces are received is 10MHz, Including 12 analog-digital converters, with capture, threshold function 2 16 digit counters and piece in comparator, embedded is soft Part includes that parameter adjustment program, frequency measurement program and LCD frequencies show program, and the parameter adjustment program is in different frequency model The clock source and frequency division coefficient of the lower timing signal for selecting the frequency with measured signal to match are enclosed, the frequency measurement program is logical After the reasonable selection of the frequency division coefficient of frequency division coefficient and timing signal to measured signal, the count value made under optional frequency is realized It is in more reasonable range, the LCD frequencies show that program under the width that limited character is shown, passes through adjust automatically The unit of display frequency realizes that the frequency for being accurate to one decimal place is shown.
3. digital frequency meter as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:
The signal frequency split module is the two divided-frequency module for using chip as 74HC74.
4. digital frequency meter as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that:
The data selecting module is the data selector of model 74LS157, the measured signal to not dividing and two divided-frequency Measured signal and timing signal SMCLK and ACLK signal are selected.
5. digital frequency meter as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that:
The Signal-regulated kinase includes signal comparison module and signal shaping module.
6. digital frequency meter as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that:
The signal comparison module is the comparison module for using chip as MAX903, and it is 3.3V's to convert measured signal to amplitude Square-wave signal, to adapt to the measurement amplitude range of 0.5V to 5V and the output amplitude of 3.3V.
7. digital frequency meter as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that:
The signal shaping module is the phase inverter with Schmidt trigger for using chip as 74HC14, to the signal ratio The square-wave signal that amplitude compared with module output is 3.3V carries out shaping, keeps its rising edge and failing edge more precipitous.
8. digital frequency meter as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The key-press module includes range button, refresh time button, for refreshing respectively to the range of measurement frequency and display Time is adjusted.
9. digital frequency meter as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The display module includes the LCD5110 liquid crystal using three-wire system SPI interface, makes its work by the USART0 of the microcontroller Make, in SPI mode, to complete the driving to LCD5110 liquid crystal.
10. digital frequency meter as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The power module includes using chip for the regulator circuit of LM1117, USB power supply interfaces, and digital signal is publicly led to It crosses 0 Ω resistance publicly to link with analog signal, is 3.3V by 5V power source transitions, generates 5V DC power supplies and 3.3V direct currents Source.
CN201810042192.0A 2018-01-16 2018-01-16 Digital frequency meter Active CN108333425B (en)

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