CN102029551A - Lubricating and cooling method for cutting process and device thereof - Google Patents
Lubricating and cooling method for cutting process and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102029551A CN102029551A CN 201010551978 CN201010551978A CN102029551A CN 102029551 A CN102029551 A CN 102029551A CN 201010551978 CN201010551978 CN 201010551978 CN 201010551978 A CN201010551978 A CN 201010551978A CN 102029551 A CN102029551 A CN 102029551A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lubricating and cooling method for cutting process and a device thereof. The method comprises the following steps: adding nano-particles with particle size of 20-40 nm at a volume ratio of 1-5% into vegetable oil or deionized water; adding dispersant at a volume ratio of 0.05-0.15% while conducting ultrasonic vibration at a frequency of 10-40 kHz so as to obtain uniform oil-based or water-based nano-particle suspension with high dispersibility; and under the effect of compressed air with pressure of 0.3-1 MPa, sufficiently atomizing the nano-particle suspension into atomized particles with micron-level diameter, wherein the high-pressure atomized particles break through a cutter through a nozzle and an air barrier layer on the workpiece surface and then are ejected to a cutting area so as to lubricate and cool the cutting area. Through the lubricating and cooling method for cutting process and the device thereof which are disclosed by the invention, the cooling medium with high lubricating performance and heat conducting performance can be effectively injected into the cutting area so as to improve the lubricating state of the cutting area and reduce friction and heat emission; and the generated heat is taking away in real time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that machining is lubricated and cools off, the invention still further relates to the device of this method of realization.
Background technology
In the cutting process, particularly high hard difficult-to-machine material, the processing district can produce a large amount of heat, fire damage occurs for fear of workpiece, must be lubricated and cools off the processing district, reducing the generation of heat, and the heat that produces is in time taken away.At present, the processing district is lubricated and the method cooled off mainly comprises: cast cutting fluid method, water vapour cooling method, cooled with liquid nitrogen method, low-temperature cold wind cooling method and micro lubricating (being MQL) technology.Wherein, the amount that can enter cutting region and the real cutting fluid that plays lubricated and cooling effect in cast cutting fluid process seldom, and this small part cutting fluid that enters cutting region can be vaporizated into " steam blanket " rapidly after being heated, the appearance of steam blanket can hinder new cutting fluid and enter the high-temperature machining district, simultaneously, a large amount of uses of cutting fluid pollute the environment; The water vapour cooling method can be quickened the metal material workpiece and get rusty; Cooled with liquid nitrogen method cost is very high; Low-temperature cold wind cooling and MQL technology are respectively to adopt gas phase and gas-liquid two-phase cooling, and cooling effect is not ideal.
Summary of the invention
First technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind ofly can inject cutting region effectively with greasy property and the good cooling medium of heat conductivility, with the lubricating status that improves cutting region, reduce friction, reduce heating, and the method that machining is lubricated and cools off that the heat that produces is in time taken away.
Second technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of device of realizing this method.
In order to solve first technical problem, the method that machining is lubricated and cools off provided by the invention, comprise cutting fluid, be that 1～5% ratio adds particle diameter and reaches the nano particle of 20～40 nanometers and the dispersant of 0.05-0.15% by volume in cutting fluid, in frequency is the nano granule suspension that formation is lubricated and heat conductivility strengthens greatly and suspending stabilized performance is good under the ultrasonic vibration of 10～40KHz, be under the compressed air effect of 0.3-1MPa nano granule suspension to be atomized into diameter to reach micron-sized droplet at pressure, the high pressure droplet breaks through cutter and surface of the work airbond layer directive cutting region, is lubricated and cools off.
Described nano particle is aluminium oxide, multi-walled carbon nano-tubes or zinc oxide.
Described dispersant is dodecyl sodium sulfate SDBS, chemical pure, anionic; Or softex kw CTAB, chemical pure, cationic.
Described cutting fluid is in vegetable oil or the deionized water.
Described vegetable oil is rape oil, oil tea oil or castor oil.
In order to solve second technical problem, realization provided by the invention is lubricated machining and the device of the method cooled off, comprise nozzle, container, choke valve, flowmeter, air accumulator, filter, pressure-reducing valve and compressor, described container is placed on the ultrasonic vibration platform.
The vibration frequency of described ultrasonic vibration platform is 10～40KHz.
Adopt the method and the device thereof that machining is lubricated and cools off of technique scheme, compared with prior art, its technique effect is:
1. contain certain nano particle in the droplet, make that the greasy property of cutting region is greatly improved, the coefficient of friction between cutter and the workpiece descends greatly, and the heat in metal cutting that produces because of friction will greatly reduce.
2. well-known, than the big several magnitude of liquid, therefore, its heat transfer property can significantly improve the thermal conductivity factor of solid after the interpolation preparation of nanoparticles became nano granule suspension in cutting fluid usually; The diameter of nano granule suspension atomizing back droplet reaches micron order, and this has greatly increased heat exchange area, has further improved the heat transfer coefficient of droplet; Simultaneously, according to the augmentation of heat transfer theory,, make that workpiece and tool surface convection transfer rate obtain greatly to improve because spraying jet has higher effluxvelocity.
3. when the heat flow density of cutting region increases to enough generation boilings, can rapid vaporization will take away heat in metal cutting after water smoke (at the water-base nano particle suspension liquid) is heated, reduce grinding temperature; Mist of oil (at the oil base nano granule suspension) can effectively reduce the friction of cutting region at the cutting region lubricate, suppresses the generation of heat in metal cutting.
4. because this device greasy property is good, and heat-transfer effect is good, makes cutting temperature and cutting force sharply descend, and tool wear reduces greatly, and vibration cutting is very little, and workpiece surface roughness greatly reduces, and surface quality is greatly improved, production efficiency also can be improved.
5. vegetable oil (or deionized water) consumption is minimum, is generally 10-50ml/ hour, and can decomposes voluntarily fully, nuisanceless, avirulence, does not have allergy, and this makes working environment be greatly improved, and can not damage human body; Simultaneously, stick on the workpiece greasy dirt seldom, it is convenient to clean; Smear metal is dry, and it is convenient to collect; Can not corrode lathe; Reduced processing cost.
In sum, the present invention a kind ofly can inject cutting region effectively with greasy property and the good cooling medium of heat conductivility, with the lubricating status that improves cutting region, reduce friction, reduce heating, and method and device thereof that machining is lubricated and cools off that the heat that produces is in time taken away.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is micro-nano granule suspension spraying jet cooling device schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
The present invention adopts is used for machining is lubricated and the method cooled off is; In vegetable oil (as rape oil, oil tea oil or castor oil) or deionized water, add volume ratio and be 1～5%, particle diameter reaches the nano particle of 20-40 nanometer (as aluminium oxide Al
2O
3, multi-walled carbon nano-tubes or zinc oxide ZnO), add volume ratio then and be 0.05～0.15% dispersant (as dodecyl sodium sulfate SDBS, chemical pure, anionic; Or softex kw CTAB, chemical pure, cationic) and be equipped with the ultrasonic vibration that frequency is 10～40KHz, to obtain evenly and oil base (or water base) nano granule suspension of good dispersion, be under the compressed air effect of 0.3～1MPa nano granule suspension fully to be atomized into diameter to reach micron-sized droplet at pressure, the high pressure droplet breaks through cutter (as lathe tool by nozzle, milling cutter, drill bit, emery wheel etc.) and surface of the work airbond layer directive cutting region, cutting region is lubricated and cools off.
Realization provided by the invention is used for machining is lubricated and the device of the method cooled off, compressor 1 is provided with pressure-reducing valve 2, pressure-reducing valve 2 outlets are connected with filter 3, air accumulator 4, Pressure gauge 5, first throttle valve 6, first flow meter 7 and nozzle 8, air accumulator 4 connects container 13 by second choke valve 14, container 13 is installed on the ultrasonic vibration platform 11, container 13 is equipped with nano granule suspension 12, and container 13 connects nozzle 8 through flowmeter 10.
As shown in Figure 1, the compressed air that comes out from compressor 1 passes through pressure-reducing valve 2, and the impurity of removing wherein through filter 3 is stored in the air accumulator 4, obtain stable source of the gas, constitute feeder, supply gas pressure can be regulated by pressure-reducing valve 2, and Pressure gauge 5 can read the pressure size.Regulated air enters nozzle 8 through first throttle valve 6 and first flow meter 7, for the nano granule suspension atomising device provides steady air flow, first throttle valve 6 can be regulated air mass flow, and the throughput adjustable range is 50-200L/min, and flow can read by first flow meter 7.Simultaneously, regulated air also injects through second choke valve 14 and is equipped with in the container 13 of nano granule suspension 12, container 13 is installed on the ultrasonic vibration platform 11, nano granule suspension 12 enters nozzle 8 through second flowmeter 10 under compressed-air actuated effect, for the nano granule suspension atomising device provides nano granule suspension, second choke valve 14 can be regulated the flow of air, and then regulates the flow of nano granule suspension 12, and the adjustable range of nano granule suspension flow is 10-50ml/h.In nozzle 8, nano granule suspension fully is atomized into diameter and reaches micron-sized droplet 9 under compressed-air actuated effect, and high pressure droplet 9 breaks through cutter and surface of the work airbond layer directive cutting region, lubricated and cooling cutting region.In container 13, reach the nano particle of 20-40 nanometer (as aluminium oxide Al by 1～5% particle diameter that adds prepared beforehand
2O
3, multi-walled carbon nano-tubes or zinc oxide ZnO) and vegetable oil (as rape oil, oil tea oil or castor oil) or deionized water, add volume ratio and be 0.05～0.15% dispersant again (as dodecyl sodium sulfate SDBS, chemical pure, anionic; Softex kw CTAB, chemical pure, cationic), dispersant makes nano grain surface attract different electron ion to form electric double layer, and the gravitation that takes place to reunite is reduced greatly by the repulsive interaction between the electric double layer, realize the purpose of the dispersion of nano particle.On ultrasonic vibration platform 11, be aided with the ultrasonic vibration that vibration frequency is 10～40KHz,, can obtain suspendability stabilized nano particle suspension liquid from physically solving the agglomeration traits of nano granule suspension.
The principal element that influences the lubricated cooling effect of micro-nano granule suspension spraying jet comprises the heat conductivility and the nozzle parameter of nano granule suspension, the nano granule suspension heat conductivility depends primarily on the kind of the kind of kind, particle diameter, volume content, vegetable oil of nano particle and dispersant and volume content thereof etc., and nozzle parameter comprises air pressure, throughput, nano granule suspension flow etc.The author is incorporated into this device in the machining, carried out the experiment of following case study on implementation, find to compare with traditional cast cooling, dry-type processing and MQL technology, the greasy property of this lubricating and cooling, cooling effect, crudy are enhanced.
In actual applications, the kind of nano particle also comprises many other metals, metal oxide and nonmetallic materials, as copper, tri-iron tetroxide, diamond dust etc. except the above-mentioned different materials that is mentioned to.The kind of base fluid can also adopt the good machine oil of biodegradability, artificial oil except above-mentioned vegetable oil and deionized water.Need in the real work to prepare corresponding nanoparticles suspension and choose corresponding spray parameters according to concrete processing situation.
Claims (7)
1. method that machining is lubricated and cools off, comprise cutting fluid, it is characterized in that: be that 1～5% ratio adds particle diameter and reaches the nano particle of 20～40 nanometers and the dispersant of 0.05-0.15% by volume in cutting fluid, in frequency is the nano granule suspension that formation is lubricated and heat conductivility strengthens greatly and suspending stabilized performance is good under the ultrasonic vibration of 10～40KHz, be under the compressed air effect of 0.3-1MPa nano granule suspension to be atomized into diameter to reach micron-sized droplet at pressure, the high pressure droplet breaks through cutter and surface of the work airbond layer directive cutting region, is lubricated and cools off.
2. the method that machining is lubricated and cools off according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described nano particle is aluminium oxide, multi-walled carbon nano-tubes or zinc oxide.
3. the method that machining is lubricated and cools off according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described dispersant is dodecyl sodium sulfate SDBS, chemical pure, anionic; Or softex kw CTAB, chemical pure, cationic.
4. the method that machining is lubricated and cools off according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described cutting fluid is in vegetable oil or the deionized water.
5. the method that machining is lubricated and cools off according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described vegetable oil is rape oil, oil tea oil or castor oil.
6. realizing that claim 1 is described is lubricated and the device of the method cooled off machining, comprises nozzle (8), container (13) and air accumulator (4), and it is characterized in that: described container (13) is placed on the ultrasonic vibration platform (11).
7. realization according to claim 6 is lubricated machining and the device of the method cooled off, and it is characterized in that: the vibration frequency of described ultrasonic vibration platform (11) is 10～40KHz.
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| CN 201010551978 CN102029551A (en) | 2010-11-18 | 2010-11-18 | Lubricating and cooling method for cutting process and device thereof |
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| CN102267098A (en) * | 2011-07-12 | 2011-12-07 | 青岛理工大学 | Process method for grinding nickel-base alloy through jet flow of carbon nano tubes |
| CN102601678A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-07-25 | 无锡华联精工机械有限公司 | Aerial fog cooling system for drilling |
| CN102962725A (en) * | 2012-02-03 | 2013-03-13 | 南通新冯精密机械有限公司 | Processing device and processing method for metal material |
| CN103084919A (en) * | 2013-02-07 | 2013-05-08 | 浙江工业大学 | Cutting fluid aerial fog micro-scale lubricating method and device |
| CN103231310A (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2013-08-07 | 青岛理工大学 | Supply system for sub-cooling and nano particle jet flow minimal quantity lubrication coupled grinding medium |
| CN103706878A (en) * | 2014-01-11 | 2014-04-09 | 广东志达精密管业制造有限公司 | Saw blade cooling device |
| CN103822078A (en) * | 2014-02-18 | 2014-05-28 | 河南科技大学 | Small circulating lubrication system cooled by using liquid nitrogen |
| CN104029079A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-09-10 | 江苏科技大学 | Cutting method and device capable of controlling spraying of nanometer fluid droplets |
| CN104087405A (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2014-10-08 | 上海致领半导体科技发展有限公司 | Cooling liquid for double-side thinning processing of touch screen panel of mobile phone and preparation method of cooling liquid |
| CN104164222A (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2014-11-26 | 中山火炬职业技术学院 | High-heat conductivity coefficient water-based nanofluid and preparation method thereof |
| CN104762127A (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2015-07-08 | 启东尤希路化学工业有限公司 | Nano aqueous completely-synthetic environmental-friendly metal working fluid |
| CN104801451A (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2015-07-29 | 胡和萍 | Cutting liquid nozzle of automatic error correction splitting machine |
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| CN105349226A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-02-24 | 苏州捷德瑞精密机械有限公司 | Emulsified cutting fluid for aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN105345591A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-02-24 | 四川明日宇航工业有限责任公司 | Environment-friendly cutting technology |
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| CN103084919A (en) * | 2013-02-07 | 2013-05-08 | 浙江工业大学 | Cutting fluid aerial fog micro-scale lubricating method and device |
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| CN103231310B (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2015-03-25 | 青岛理工大学 | Supply system for sub-cooling and nano particle jet flow minimal quantity lubrication coupled grinding medium |
| CN103706878A (en) * | 2014-01-11 | 2014-04-09 | 广东志达精密管业制造有限公司 | Saw blade cooling device |
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| CN107855825A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2018-03-30 | 东莞安默琳机械制造技术有限公司 | Automatic liquid nitrogen combined mist cooling means |
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