CN101550329A - Paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101550329A CN101550329A CNA2008102329291A CN200810232929A CN101550329A CN 101550329 A CN101550329 A CN 101550329A CN A2008102329291 A CNA2008102329291 A CN A2008102329291A CN 200810232929 A CN200810232929 A CN 200810232929A CN 101550329 A CN101550329 A CN 101550329A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material and a preparation method thereof, being characterized by comprising paraffin with the melting point of 30-70 DEG C, which is taken as a base material and added with 1 percent to 2 percent of nano-aluminum and 0.1 percent to 2 percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS). The preparation method comprises the following steps of: 1. adopting oleic acid to conduct surface modification on nano-aluminum particles so as to enhance the hydrophobicity and wettability of the nano-aluminum particles and improve the dispersion thereof in the paraffin; taking the oleic acid with the same moles as the nano-aluminum and using anhydrous ethanol to fully dissolve, and then mixing with the nano-aluminum, conducting centrifugal separation after heating to 65-75 DEG C and ultrasonic vibration for 1-3 hours, later using the anhydrous ethanol for repeated washing, and then implementing vacuum drying for standby; 2. using an electronic balance to weigh the nano-aluminum after experiencing surface modification and adding the nano-aluminum to the melted paraffin with the melting point of 30-70 DEG C, later adding the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) so as to improve the stability of the nano-aluminum in a paraffin system, and then preparing the paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material; and 3. heating the paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material to the temperature of 5-10 DEG C higher than the temperature of the melting point of the paraffin and conducting ultrasonic vibration for 1-3 hours so as to form the paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material which is uniformly and stably dispersed. The invention has the advantages of high thermal conductivity, good stability, etc.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to heat-storing material and the preparation method, relate in particular to a kind of paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material and preparation method thereof.
Technical background
In existing energy structure, heat energy is one of most important energy.But most of energy as sun power, wind energy, Geothermal energy and industrial exhaust heat used heat etc., all exist discontinuity and unsettled characteristics, and people can't utilize the energy reasonablely in many cases.For example: do not needing when hot, but having a large amount of heats to produce; And when being badly in need of, can not in time provide; Sometimes Gong Ying heat has a big chunk to be lost or the like as waste heat.Adopt suitable heat storage type, utilize specific device, with temporarily need not or unnecessary heat energy store by certain heat-storing material, the method for utilizing again when needing is called heat storage technology.
The mode of present accumulation of heat mainly contains three kinds: sensible heat accumulation of heat, phase-transition heat-storage and chemical reaction thermal regenerator.Phase-transition heat-storage is compared with sensible heat accumulation of heat, chemical reaction thermal regenerator, and thermal storage density is much higher, can absorb/discharge a large amount of heats in narrower temperature range by phase transformation.Advantages such as the solid-liquid phase change heat storage type has thermal storage density higher (general about 200kJ/kg), approximate isothermal, process be easy to control in holding exothermic process, it is the research focus of current heat storage technology, but the problem that exists in actual application comprises life-span of consistency, material of rerum natura, the material of material and stability etc.
Phase change heat storage material is the core of heat storage technology, and common solid-liquid phase change heat-storing material is divided into organic and inorganic two big classes.The inorganic-phase variable heat-storing material is based on crystalline hydrate salt, and the mistake cold-peace that all exists is to a certain degree separated out phenomenon, and present solution is not very good, and the stability of life-time service is also treated further raising.The organic phase-change heat-storing material is based on lipid acid and paraffin class material.Fatty acid material good stability, but have certain surfusion.The paraffin class material has serial different melting points according to the molecular formula difference, and the fusing point range of choice is wide, and this makes the working temperature of system and melted paraffin wax scope to cooperate, and paraffin do not have cold, separate out phenomenon, stable performance, nontoxic, non-corrosiveness, low price.Just because of these advantages can select for use paraffin as basic heat-storing material.But paraffin also has its significant disadvantages as heat-storing material, and that is exactly that its thermal conductivity is little.
A kind of effective ways that improve the heat transfer property of low thermal conductivity material are to add metal, nonmetal or polymer solid particles in liquid.Since the Maxwell theory was delivered, many scholars had carried out a large amount of about theory and the experimental study of interpolation solids to improve its thermal conductivity in the low thermal conductivity material, and have obtained some achievements.Yet these researchs mostly are confined to add in the material with millimeter or micron order solid particulate, and because millimeter or micron order density of solid particles are big, precipitation easily, cause the material instability that disposes, and have limited its application in industrial reality greatly.
Nano-fluid is the enhancement of heat transfer technology of an innovation, mainly is nano level metal or nonmetal oxide particle less than 100nm are dispersed in traditional material with ratio in some way, produces to be better than raw-material heat transfer characteristic.In heat-storing material, add nanoparticle, can significantly increase the thermal conductivity of traditional material, improve the heat transfer property of heat exchange system.
The nano particle of yardstick between 0-100nm, it belongs to the transitional region of microcosmic particle and macro object boundary, has a series of unusual physics, chemical feature.Along with reducing of dimension of object, its specific surface area, specific surface energy increase gradually.Nano particle has great specific surface area and higher specific surface energy, be in thermodynamics utmost point unsteady state, in preparation and last handling process, particle coalescence, reunion take place very easily, form second particle, make particle diameter become big, the peculiar function that finally loses nano particle in use and possessed.Therefore, the applying nano particle must solve its dispersiveness and stability problem in medium.Nineteen ninety-five, the Choi of U.S. Argonne National Laboratory etc. will be suspended in the stable suspension that forms in the base fluid less than metal or the nonmetal particle of 100nm, and this is the innovative research that nanotechnology is applied to this traditional field of Thermal Power Engineering.People such as Choi and Eastman has tested Cu-water, Cu-machine oil, Al respectively
2O
3-water, TiO
2The thermal conductivity of nano-fluids such as-water.Experiment shows that add the CuO nanoparticle with the volume ratio less than 5% in water, the Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids of formation has improved more than 60% than water.He Qinbo
]Disposed TiO
2-BaCl
2-H
2The O nano-fluid, and test its thermal conductivity, in the time of 25 ℃, added 1.13% nano-TiO
2TiO
2-BaCl
2-H
2The O nano-fluid, thermal conductivity has improved 16.74%.
In sum, though nano-fluid and heat conductivility thereof have been carried out big quantity research, but great majority research all concentrates on the research to the nano-fluid of water and oil, does not also have preparation and the stability study of discovery to the nano-fluid of organic materials (such as paraffin and lipid acid etc.).
The content of invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material of a kind of high thermal conductivity coefficient, stable performance and preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a kind of paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material and preparation method thereof.
The characteristics of paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material are to comprise that fusing point is 30~70 ℃ of paraffin as base mateiral, wherein add 1~20% nano aluminum and 0.1~2% dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt SDBS.
Its preparation method is characterised in that:
The first step: it is surface modified to adopt oleic acid that the nano aluminum particle is carried out, and strengthens its lipophilicity and wettability, improves its dispersiveness in paraffin;
Modifying method is: get and the equimolar oleic acid of nano aluminum, fully dissolve with dehydrated alcohol, mix with nano aluminum, be heated to 65-75 ℃ of ultrasonic vibration after 1~3 hour, the dehydrated alcohol repetitive scrubbing is used in centrifugation, and vacuum drying is standby;
Second step: take by weighing nano aluminum behind the surface modification with electronic balance, adding it to fusing point is in 30~70 ℃ the paraffin that is melted, and add dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt (SDBS), to improve the stability of nano aluminum in the paraffin system, the preparation paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material;
The 3rd step: above-mentioned paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material is heated to than high 5~10 ℃ of ultrasonic vibrations of paraffin melting point temperature 1~3 hour, forms uniform and stable dispersive paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material.
The present invention's advantage compared with prior art is: added paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material that the nano aluminum of high thermal conductivity coefficient purchases not only the thermal conductivity height (as nano aluminum content is 9% o'clock, paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material liquid state and solid paraffin thermal conductivity have improved 62.28% and 49.14% respectively, shown in Fig. 5,6.), and adopt the nano-sized surface modification technology and effect has solved the nano metal-uniform and stable property of organic phase-change heat-storing material system difficult problem by anionic dispersing agent SDBS electrostatic stabilization.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a is the ionic atmosphere model diagram;
Fig. 1 b is ionic atmosphere reflex model figure;
The relation of interaction energy and distance between Fig. 2 particle;
Fig. 3 nano aluminum SEM figure;
Fig. 4 nano aluminum size distribution figure;
Fig. 5 contains the fusing DSC curve of 9% nano aluminum sample;
Fig. 6 contains nano aluminum sample thermal conductivity test result to be changed.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is done further detailed description:
Embodiment one
Paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material comprise fusing point be 56 ℃ of half concise paraffin as base mateiral, add 9% nano aluminum and 0.5% dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt SDBS.
The nano aluminum of using is to adopt the compound heating vaporization preparation of laser, is provided by Zunye Nano Material Co Ltd, Shenzhen City.Its technical parameter is as shown in table 1, and its scanning electronic microscope (SEM) is schemed as shown in Figure 3, and size distribution figure as shown in Figure 4.Its size distribution is more even, is better monodispersity.
Table 1 nano aluminum technical parameter
The first step: it is surface modified to adopt oleic acid that the nano aluminum particle is carried out, and strengthens its lipophilicity and wettability, improves its dispersiveness in paraffin; Take by weighing and the equimolar oleic acid of nano aluminum (OA), fully dissolve, mix with nano aluminum again with the 100ml dehydrated alcohol, be heated to 70 ℃ of ultrasonic vibration reactions after 1 hour, the dehydrated alcohol repetitive scrubbing is used in centrifugation, vacuum drying is finished the surface modification to nano aluminum.
Experimental result shows: by the surface decorations nanometer aluminium powder is carried out surface modification and can change parameter such as contact angle θ, fluid surface gravitation in the wetting hot type, wetting heat Q is increased, thereby strengthen the nano aluminum lipophilicity, improve the wettability of nano aluminum in liquid paraffin, nano aluminum can be distributed in the liquid paraffin comparatively equably.
Second step: take by weighing nano aluminum behind the surface modification with electronic balance, adding it to fusing point is in 56 ℃ the paraffin that is melted, and add dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt SDBS, to improve the stability of nano aluminum in the paraffin system, the preparation paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material;
Stable mechanism is as follows: anionic dispersing agent dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt SDBS can be explained with static steric hindrance stable mechanism the change of the stability of nano-fluid.Static steric hindrance stable theory in medium is mainly reflected in DL-VO electrostatic double layer theory.This theory has disclosed the electrically charged and stability relationship of microparticle surfaces, can increase the particle surface electric charge by methods such as regulator solution pH value, adding small amount of electrolyte or tensio-active agents, improve the Zeta potential absolute value, the system total energy is increased, thereby produce the Coulomb repulsion effect, realize the particulate stable dispersion.Intergranular attracting each other is Van der Waals gravitation in essence.But particle is the aggregate of many molecules, and therefore, intergranular gravitation is the summation E of all molecular attractions in the particle
AAccording to the electrostatic double layer model, particle is charged, is surrounded by ionic atmosphere around it, as shown in Figure 1a.Particle positively charged among the figure, coil is represented the sphere of action of positive charge.Because the shielding effect of the gegenion in the ionic atmosphere, the charged effect of particle institute can not exceed the scope of diffusion layer ionic atmosphere, and promptly coil place in addition is not subjected to the influence of particle charge among the figure.Therefore, when two particle convergences and ionic atmosphere when not contacting as yet there is no repulsive interaction between particle.When particle is close to ionic atmosphere mutually and overlaps, the ionic concn that is in the overlap is obviously bigger, destroyed the symmetry of original charge distribution, caused electric charge redistribution in the ionic atmosphere, be that ion spreads to underlapped district from the bigger overlapping interval of concentration, make the particle of positively charged be subjected to repulsive force E
A, and break away from mutually, shown in Fig. 1 b.When two particles mutually near the time, the interactional total energy E of system
T(E
T=E
A+ E
R) also changing, as shown in Figure 2.Can find out that from figure when two particle apart from each others, ionic atmosphere is still underlapped, between particle the magnetism of " at a distance " in action, promptly gravitation is preponderated, curve is below transverse axis, total potential is a negative value; Along with grain spacing from becoming near, ionic atmosphere is overlapping, repulsion begins to work, total potential rise to gradually on the occasion of, to a distance, an energy peak E appears in the total potential maximum
0This can peak E
0Being potential barrier, is the activation energy that particle aggregation must overcome.The numerical value of potential barrier depends on granular size and the surperficial potential energy between them.Potential energy rises, mean two particles can not be further near or their collisions after can separate again.When crossing potential energy peak E
0, potential energy promptly descends rapidly, illustrates that attracting can E when the particle distance is very near
AIncrease sharply along with diminishing of distance between the particle, gravitation is preponderated, total potential drops to negative value, means that particle will reunite.The dispersion agent dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt SDBS that adopts is a kind of anionic dispersing agent, can partial ionization go out anionic group, and nano aluminum particle positively charged has the anionic ability of strong adsorption, and therefore the dissemination to nano aluminum is the electrostatic stabilization effect.Along with the adding of dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt SDBS, when low concentration region, aluminum particulate surface is adsorpting anion its positive surface charge that neutralizes constantly, makes the aluminum particulate surface electronegative.Along with the increase of concentration, there is a large amount of anionic groups, anionic group is forced to clamp-on adsorption layer on the one hand, increases the thickness of electrostatic double layer; A large amount of anionic groups of Cun Zaiing have hindered the collision between the particle on the other hand, have reduced the probability of collision between the particle.Anionic group is clamp-oned adsorption layer, has increased intergranular Coulomb repulsion effect.When high concentration region, owing to contain Na among the dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt SDBS
+Ion, Na
+Ion enters the adsorption layer of particle surface, has reduced the carried charge of particle surface, the particulate stability decreases.
Working method: it is melted fully heating paraffin, take by weighing the nano aluminum particle with electronic balance again, add in the paraffin of fusing, the paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material that is made into; Take by weighing anionic chemical pure dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt SDBS with electronic balance at last, join in the certain density paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material that is disposed.
Experimental result shows: increase with dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt SDBS concentration, the dispersion stabilization of nano-fluid also is to increase afterwards earlier to reduce, when dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt SDBS concentration during in 0.5% this moderate value, but the organic phase-change nano fluid stable dispersion that disposes.
The 3rd step: above-mentioned paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material is heated to than the high 8 ℃ of ultrasonic vibrations of paraffin melting point temperature 2 hours, forms uniform and stable dispersive paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material;
Stably dispersing mechanism is as follows: dispersion stabilization is meant the ability that the energy resistance state changes, and free particle wherein can carry out pedesis.The stability of system has the implication of following 3 aspects: thermodynamic stability, kinetic stability and aggregation stability.The thermodynamic stability system is heterogeneous dispersive system, has huge interfacial energy, is unsettled on thermodynamics therefore; Kinetic stability refers to that in gravity field or centrifugal field, particle is isolating degree from dispersion medium; Aggregation stability refers to whether the dispersity of system changes in time.If the nano particle long period in the system does not reunite, then the stability of system is high.The dispersion of nano particle in medium is divided into 3 stages usually: 1. wetting solids of liquid; 2. make bigger aggregate be separated into smaller particles by external influence power; 3. the stable dispersion particle guarantees that powder granule keeps long-term homodisperse in liquid phase, prevents that divided particles reassembles.
Embodiment two
Paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material comprise fusing point be 30 ℃ paraffin as base mateiral, wherein added 1% nano aluminum and 0.1% dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt SDBS.
The preparation method of paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material is as follows:
The first step: it is surface modified to adopt oleic acid that the nano aluminum particle is carried out, and strengthens its lipophilicity and wettability, improves its dispersiveness in paraffin;
Modifying method is: get and the equimolar oleic acid of nano aluminum, fully dissolve with dehydrated alcohol, mix with nano aluminum, be heated to 65 ℃ of ultrasonic vibrations after 1 hour, the dehydrated alcohol repetitive scrubbing is used in centrifugation, and vacuum drying is standby;
Second step: take by weighing nano aluminum behind the surface modification with electronic balance, adding it to fusing point is in 30 ℃ the paraffin that is melted, and add dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt SDBS, to improve the stability of nano aluminum in the paraffin system, the preparation paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material;
The 3rd step: above-mentioned paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material is heated to than the high 5 ℃ of ultrasonic vibrations of paraffin melting point temperature 1 hour, forms uniform and stable dispersive paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material.
Other the same with embodiment one no longer described in detail.
Embodiment three
Paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material comprise fusing point be 70 ℃ paraffin as base mateiral, wherein added 20% nano aluminum and 2% dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt (SDBS).
The preparation method of paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material is as follows:
The first step: it is surface modified to adopt oleic acid that the nano aluminum particle is carried out, and strengthens its lipophilicity and wettability, improves its dispersiveness in paraffin;
Modifying method is: get and the equimolar oleic acid of nano aluminum, fully dissolve with dehydrated alcohol, mix with nano aluminum, be heated to 75 ℃ of ultrasonic vibrations after 3 hours, the dehydrated alcohol repetitive scrubbing is used in centrifugation, and vacuum drying is standby;
Second step: take by weighing nano aluminum behind the surface modification with electronic balance, adding it to fusing point is in 70 ℃ the paraffin that is melted, and add dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt SDBS, to improve the stability of nano aluminum in the paraffin system, the preparation paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material;
The 3rd step: above-mentioned paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material is heated to than the high 10 ℃ of ultrasonic vibrations of paraffin melting point temperature 3 hours, forms uniform and stable dispersive paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material.
Other the same with embodiment one no longer described in detail.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material is characterized in that: comprise fusing point be 30~70 ℃ paraffin as base mateiral, wherein added 1~20% nano aluminum and 0.1~2% dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt (SDBS).
2, a kind of preparation method of paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material is characterized in that:
The first step: it is surface modified to adopt oleic acid that the nano aluminum particle is carried out, and strengthens its lipophilicity and wettability, improves its dispersiveness in paraffin;
Modifying method is: get and the equimolar oleic acid of nano aluminum, fully dissolve with dehydrated alcohol, mix with nano aluminum, be heated to 65-75 ℃ of ultrasonic vibration after 1~3 hour, the dehydrated alcohol repetitive scrubbing is used in centrifugation, and vacuum drying is standby;
Second step: take by weighing nano aluminum behind the surface modification with electronic balance, adding it to fusing point is in 30~70 ℃ the paraffin that is melted, and add dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt (SDBS), to improve the stability of nano aluminum in the paraffin system, the preparation paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material;
The 3rd step: above-mentioned paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material is heated to than high 5~10 ℃ of ultrasonic vibrations of paraffin melting point temperature 1~3 hour, forms uniform and stable dispersive paraffin-aluminum nano phase change heat storage material.
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