CN112161405B - Solar phase-change heat collector and low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system - Google Patents
Solar phase-change heat collector and low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112161405B CN112161405B CN202011002520.8A CN202011002520A CN112161405B CN 112161405 B CN112161405 B CN 112161405B CN 202011002520 A CN202011002520 A CN 202011002520A CN 112161405 B CN112161405 B CN 112161405B
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
- F24D15/02—Other domestic- or space-heating systems consisting of self-contained heating units, e.g. storage heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/10—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using latent heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S80/30—Arrangements for connecting the fluid circuits of solar collectors with each other or with other components, e.g. pipe connections; Fluid distributing means, e.g. headers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/14—Solar energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a solar phase-change heat collector and a low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system, wherein the solar phase-change heat collector comprises a heat collection box, solar heat collection glass tubes and a superconductive liquid circulating tube, the solar heat collection glass tubes are arranged side by side and are communicated with the heat collection box, composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion is arranged in the solar heat collection glass tubes and the heat collection box, and a superconductive liquid circulating tube spiral disc is arranged in the heat collection box, and the two ends of the superconductive liquid circulating tube spiral disc are respectively provided with a superconductive liquid outlet end and a superconductive liquid inlet end; the composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion comprises solid paraffin, liquid paraffin, metal nano particles, an emulsifying dispersant, a surfactant, a cosolvent and deionized water. The invention adopts the specific composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion to obtain the composite phase-change energy storage material with higher heat conductivity coefficient, latent heat value and lower viscosity, can smoothly complete the convection heat exchange process in a vacuum tube, is applied to a solar heat collection system in the heat release process, and has higher water outlet temperature of a heat collector.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a solar phase-change heat collector, in particular to a low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system, which relates to a heat storage phase-change material, composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion and inorganic-organic composite phase-change material, and belongs to the technical development fields of heat energy effective utilization equipment and phase-change materials suitable for solar energy utilization.
Background
Solar energy is renewable energy, and is energy generated in a continuous nuclear fusion reaction process in the sun, and the average solar radiation intensity on the earth orbit is 1,369w/square meter; common solar energy utilization technologies include: photo-thermal power generation, photovoltaic power generation, photochemical reaction, photo-thermal direct utilization and the like, wherein the solar water heating system is a mature solar photo-thermal direct utilization typical technology and accounts for more than 80% of the global solar heat utilization market; the technology for converting light into heat for direct utilization can be applied to the solar heating direction, the technology collects solar energy through a solar vacuum tube, and the technology combines the energy requirement for building, so that the collected light and heat energy is efficiently and reasonably stored and released, which is the key of the development of the current solar water heating system. Currently, the composition of solar heating systems: solar collector and auxiliary heat source-providing energy; a heat storage and heat exchange device; end devices-building heating and domestic hot water demand. When the solar radiation is large in daytime, the solar heat collector works normally; when the solar radiation is insufficient, the auxiliary heat source supplements the part with insufficient solar energy; the solar energy is clean, pollution-free and convenient to take, but due to the influence of regular changes such as geography, day and night, seasons and the like, the radiation intensity has obvious rarefaction, intermittence and instability, and in order to keep the heat supply and power supply device to stably and uninterruptedly operate, the heat storage device is required to store the solar energy, and the solar energy is released when the energy is insufficient; on the other hand, the phase change energy storage technology utilizes the latent heat of the material, can effectively realize energy storage and release through the phase change process, has received wide attention and local application in the solar photo-thermal utilization field in recent years, and the phase change material is applied to a solar water heating system, can greatly improve the limitation that photo-thermal utilization depends on solar irradiation from the time dimension, and simultaneously, also obviously improves the capacity space and photo-thermal utilization efficiency of the system. Therefore, research on the application of various phase-change materials in solar water heating systems is increasing, however, the combination of the phase-change materials and the solar water heating systems is a multi-disciplinary crossover problem related to material chemistry, photo-thermal conversion and building energy consumption analysis, and the related research is not fully mature at present, and the thermal mass conversion and energy transmission processes therein are not fully clear.
At present, the phase change heat storage material mainly has three types of solid-solid phase change and has the advantages: the solid-solid phase change material is a quite developed functional material, and has the characteristics of no generation of liquid or gas, small volume change, small possibility of supercooling, no corrosion, no toxicity, high thermal efficiency, long service life and the like; disadvantages: high price, poor heat conduction performance, and easy conversion into volatile plastic crystals at the phase transition temperature of 16 ℃; solid-liquid phase transition, advantage: the cost is low, and a proper phase change temperature can be obtained by mixing various phase change materials. Disadvantages: easy supercooling, phase separation, large volume change, easy leakage and environmental pollution; the organic phase change material has low melting point, flammability and low thermal conductivity; solid-gas phase transition and liquid-gas phase transition are rarely used in practice because of the large volume occupied by the gas during phase transition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the limitations of solar energy utilization in the prior art and the defects of single type of the existing phase change material, easy supercooling of the solid-liquid phase change material, phase separation, large volume change, easy leakage, environmental pollution, low melting point of the organic phase change material, flammability, low heat conductivity and large volume of gas in the solid-gas phase change material and the liquid-gas phase change material.
The invention provides a solar phase-change heat collector, which comprises a heat collection box, solar heat collection glass tubes and a superconductive liquid circulating tube, wherein a plurality of solar heat collection glass tubes are arranged side by side and are communicated with the heat collection box;
The composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion comprises solid paraffin, liquid paraffin, metal nano particles, an emulsifying dispersant, a surfactant, a cosolvent and deionized water, wherein the dosage of the metal nano particles and the emulsifying dispersant is 1.0-5.0% of the total mass of the solid paraffin and the liquid paraffin, and the dosage of the surfactant is 5.0-15.0% of the total mass of the solid paraffin and the liquid paraffin; the dosage of the cosolvent is 0.5% -2.0% of the total mass of the solid paraffin and the liquid paraffin; the deionized water accounts for 5-10.0% of the total mass of the metal nano particles, the solid paraffin, the liquid paraffin, the emulsifying dispersant, the surfactant and the cosolvent.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme adopted by the invention are as follows: the invention adopts the concrete composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion in the solar heat-collecting glass tube and the heat-collecting box in the solar phase-change heat-collecting device, and the composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion adopts the solid paraffin and the liquid paraffin to be mixed and then added with the metal nano particles to obtain unique thermal performance, electrical performance, magnetic performance and optical performance, improve the heat conductivity of the emulsion, reduce the supercooling degree of the phase-change material, add a proper amount of deionized water mixture emulsion to obviously improve the energy storage density, reduce the paraffin consumption and save paraffin resources, obtain the composite phase-change energy-storage material with higher heat conductivity, latent heat value and lower viscosity, and can smoothly finish the convection heat exchange process in the vacuum tube.
The invention relates to a solar phase-change heat collector, further, the emulsifying dispersant and the surfactant are one or more than two of Span-20, span-40, span-60, span-80, TWEEN 20 (TWEEN-20), TWEEN 21 (TWEEN-21), TWEEN 40 (TWEEN-40), TWEEN 60 (TWEEN-60), TWEEN 61 (TWEEN-61), TWEEN 80 (TWEEN-80), TWEEN 81 (TWEEN-81), TWEEN 85 (TWEEN-85) and sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate.
The invention relates to a solar phase-change heat collector, which is characterized in that the mass ratio of solid paraffin to liquid paraffin is 1:1-1: 5, more preferably 1:3. The liquid paraffin is colorless transparent oily liquid, such as n-hexadecane paraffin, n-heptadecane paraffin, n-octadecane paraffin, n-nonadecane paraffin, n-eicosane paraffin, n-heneicosane paraffin, n-docosyl paraffin, n-tricosyl paraffin, n-tetracosyl paraffin, n-pentacosyl paraffin, n-hexacosyl paraffin, n-heptacosyl paraffin, n-octacosyl paraffin, and n-nonacosyl paraffin.
The solar phase-change heat collector disclosed by the invention is further characterized in that the metal nano particles are one or more than two of nano copper powder, nano iron powder, nano zinc powder, nano silver powder, nano zinc oxide, nano copper oxide, graphene oxide and nano carbon tube; the cosolvent is one of n-butanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethanol and n-amyl alcohol; the particle size of the metal nano particles is 10-50nm.
The invention relates to a solar phase-change heat collector, and further relates to a preparation method of composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion, which comprises the following steps:
Step (1), weighing raw materials according to the composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion;
Step (2), mixing the solid paraffin and the liquid paraffin, adding the mixture into a reaction kettle, heating and melting the mixture in a constant-temperature water bath, adding the metal nano particles and the emulsifying dispersant, emulsifying the mixture at 80-90 ℃, magnetically stirring the mixture at a constant temperature, and uniformly mixing the mixture by ultrasonic vibration; cooling to 35-50 ℃, adding a surfactant and a cosolvent, and dropwise adding deionized water under constant-temperature stirring conditions.
The invention relates to a solar phase-change heat collector, which is characterized in that deionized water is added dropwise until the last drop of water which is in a turbid state after the last drop of water is added dropwise, and the water adding amount is the maximum water adding amount.
The invention provides a low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system, which comprises the solar phase-change heat collector and a phase-change heat storage water tank, wherein a superconductive liquid outlet end and a superconductive liquid inlet end are respectively communicated with a heat exchange coil pipe positioned in the phase-change heat storage water tank through an external pipeline to form a circulation loop; the phase-change heat storage water tank is communicated with the user terminal through an external pipeline.
The invention relates to a low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system, which is characterized in that the water tank wall of a phase-change heat storage water tank is provided with a water tank wall interlayer, the outer side of the water tank wall is provided with a tank body heat preservation layer, the water tank wall interlayer is filled with an organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material, and the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 60% -80% of a mixture of an inorganic phase change material and an organic phase change material, 5% -25% of a carrier material and 5% -15% of a high-heat-conductivity carbon-based material, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic phase change material to the organic phase change material is 1:1-1:5, preferably 1:1.
According to the solar phase-change heating system, the traditional single solid phase-change material is changed into the binary phase-change energy storage composite material, the inorganic and organic composite phase-change material and the composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion phase-change material are packaged in different stages, the whole system is improved, and the water outlet temperature of the heat collector is remarkably increased.
The low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system provided by the invention further comprises any one of n-hexadecane to n-nonadecanone, tetradecyl decanoate, octanoic acid, lauric acid, butyl stearate and 1-dodecanol.
Further, the inorganic phase change material is any one of Na2SO4﹒10H2O、CaCL2﹒6H2O、Ba(OH)2﹒8H2O,Na(CH3COO)﹒3H2O、LiNO3﹒3H2O、Na2S2O3﹒5H2O.
Further, the carrier material is one of bentonite, attapulgite, expanded perlite, sepiolite, vermiculite, diatomite, kaolin and rare earth; the high-heat-conductivity carbon-based material is any one of expandable graphite, fly ash, carbon powder, nano silicon carbide, multi-layer graphene, multi-wall nano carbon tube and nano copper. The expandable graphite, the fly ash and the carbon powder are all over a 2000 mesh sieve.
The invention relates to a low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system, which is further characterized in that the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material is obtained by the following method:
step (1), weighing all raw materials according to organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid materials;
Step (2), heating the inorganic phase change material and the organic phase change material to a composite phase change material in a molten state at 60-80 ℃; adding the high-heat-conductivity carbon-based material into the molten composite phase-change material, uniformly stirring, adding the carrier material, stirring to generate dispersion, placing the mixture into a vacuum drying device, vacuum drying, taking out, cooling and solidifying to obtain the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material.
Further, the user terminal is of a phase-change heat storage floor heating structure, and the phase-change heat storage floor heating structure comprises a heat preservation layer on a floor slab structure layer, a mortar layer on the heat preservation layer, a phase-change energy storage pipe embedded in the mortar layer, a leveling layer on the mortar layer and a decorative layer.
Specifically, the mortar layer can be a phase-change energy storage mortar layer, and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 350 parts of cement, 436 parts of fly ash, 200 parts of the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material, 4 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 10 parts of redispersible emulsion powder.
Further, the external pipeline and the phase-change energy storage pipe comprise an inner pipe and an outer pipe, the inner pipe is sleeved in the outer pipe, an interlayer is arranged between the inner pipe and the outer pipe, the interlayer is internally filled with a working medium material, and the inner pipe is filled with an organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material which is the same as the phase-change material in the interlayer of the water tank wall.
Or, the outer pipeline comprises an inner pipe and an outer pipe, the inner pipe is sleeved in the outer pipe, the inner pipe is of a hollow structure and is internally provided with a metal ball, and the metal ball is a sphere which is coated or encapsulated by a metal shell and is made of an organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material similar to the phase-change material in the interlayer of the water tank wall.
The external pipeline adopts a sleeve structure formed by an inner pipe and an outer pipe, phase change energy storage materials are filled in the inner pipe, working media pass through an interlayer between the inner pipe and the outer pipe, heat energy storage is realized by the circulation phase change of the whole system in daytime, and the working media are reversely released to heat at night to provide heat, so that stable constancy is maintained.
Further, the refrigeration cycle device also comprises a refrigeration cycle pipeline, wherein the refrigeration cycle pipeline comprises an air compressor, a condenser, a throttle valve and an evaporator which are sequentially connected to form a cycle pipeline; and a condenser floor heating coil pipe of the condenser is positioned in the phase-change heat storage water tank.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solar phase change collector according to the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a low energy consumption solar energy phase change efficient heating and cooling system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the external piping structure in the low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a floor heating structure in the low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system;
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a phase-change heat storage water tank in the low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system.
In the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:
1. The solar energy heat collection device comprises an outer pipe, 2, an inner pipe, 3, a connecting piece, 4, composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion, 5, a working medium (superconducting liquid or water), 6, a solar energy heat collection glass pipe, 7, a superconducting liquid inlet end, 8, a superconducting liquid outlet end, 9, a superconducting liquid circulation pipe, 10, a heat collection box, 11, an insulating layer, 12, a liquid outlet, 13, a circulating water pump, 14, an auxiliary electric heating device, 15, a first communication pipeline, 16, a second communication pipeline, 17, a phase-change heat storage water tank, 18, a condenser coil, 19, a throttle valve, 20, an air compressor, 21, an evaporator, 22, a user terminal, 221, a floor slab structural layer, 222, an insulating layer, 223, a mortar layer, 224, a phase-change energy storage pipe structure, 225, a leveling layer, 226, a decorative layer, 23, a metal outer shell, 24, a metal inner shell, 25, a water tank wall interlayer, 26, a inflow box insulating layer, 27, an overflow port, 28, a flow port, 29 and an outflow.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples, to which the present invention is not limited. Variations and advantages that would occur to one skilled in the art are included in the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
According to the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the solar phase-change heat collector comprises a heat collection box 10, solar heat collection glass tubes 6 and a superconductive liquid circulating tube 9, wherein a plurality of solar heat collection glass tubes 6 are arranged side by side and are communicated with the heat collection box 10, composite nano-metal particle phase-change emulsion is arranged in the solar heat collection glass tubes 6 and the heat collection box 10, a liquid outlet 12 is arranged at the lower end of the heat collection box 10, a superconductive liquid circulating tube 9 is spirally arranged in the heat collection box, and the two ends of the superconductive liquid circulating tube 9 are respectively provided with a superconductive liquid outlet end 8 and a superconductive liquid inlet end 7; the superconducting fluid outlet end 8 and the superconducting fluid inlet end 7 are respectively communicated with a floor heating coil pipe positioned in a heat storage water tank through an external pipeline (a first external communication pipeline 15) to form a heat storage circulating pipeline, and the heat storage water tank can be a phase change heat storage water tank 17; the external pipeline can be of a phase-change energy storage pipe structure, and working medium 5 flows through superconducting liquid circulation pipe 9.
As shown in fig. 3, a low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system according to an embodiment of the invention is characterized by comprising the solar phase-change heat collector and a phase-change heat storage water tank 17, wherein a superconductive liquid outlet end 8 and a superconductive liquid inlet end 7 are respectively communicated with a heat exchange coil pipe positioned in the phase-change heat storage water tank 17 through external pipelines to form a circulation loop; the phase-change heat storage water tank 17 communicates with the user terminal 22 through an external pipe (second external communication pipe 16).
As shown in fig. 5, the tank wall of the phase-change heat storage tank is provided with a tank wall interlayer, which can be formed by a metal outer shell and a metal inner shell, the upper part of the tank is provided with an overflow port 27, an inflow port 28 lower than the overflow port 27 and an outflow port 30 at one side of the lower part of the tank, compared with the heat storage tank, the heat storage tank can be provided with a phase-change material packaging tube 30, namely, the outside of the tank wall is provided with a tank body heat preservation layer 26, the tank wall interlayer is formed by a metal outer shell 25 and a metal inner shell 24, and is filled with an organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material which can comprise the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 60% -80% of a mixture of an inorganic phase change material and an organic phase change material, 5% -25% of a carrier material and 5% -15% of a high-heat-conductivity carbon-based material, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic phase change material to the organic phase change material is 1:1-1:5, a step of; the phase-change heat storage water tank can be internally provided with a phase-change material packaging tube, namely, a metal pipeline is used for packaging the phase-change material. The wall of the water tank can be made of metal (the wall thickness of 304 stainless steel is more than or equal to 2mm, the thickness of a steel plate is more than or equal to 4 mm), the thickness of an interlayer (a heat storage layer) can be 30mm, and the heat insulation layer of the tank body can be a polyurethane heat insulation layer with the thickness of 30 mm;
an auxiliary electric heating device 14 can be further arranged in the phase-change heat storage water tank to solve the problem that the sun is not available in long-term overcast and rainy days, and reverse auxiliary heating is performed.
Specifically, a superconductive liquid outlet end and a superconductive liquid inlet end on the solar phase-change heat collector are respectively communicated with a heat exchange coil pipe positioned in a phase-change heat storage water tank through an external pipeline to form a circulating pipeline; the water in the phase-change heat storage water tank is communicated with the user terminal through an external pipeline. As shown in fig. 3, the external pipeline comprises an inner pipe 2 and an outer pipe 1, wherein the inner pipe 2 is sleeved in the outer pipe 1, a pipe interlayer is arranged between the inner pipe 2 and the outer pipe 1, working medium materials (superconducting liquid or water) are used in the pipe interlayer, and the inner pipe is filled with the organic-inorganic composite phase change solid materials. The external pipe can be subjected to heat preservation treatment.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the refrigeration cycle further includes a refrigeration cycle including an air compressor 20, a condenser, a throttle valve 19, and an evaporator 21 connected in sequence to form a cycle; a condenser coil 18 is located within the phase change heat storage water tank 17.
As shown in fig. 4, the user terminal 22 is a phase-change heat storage floor heating structure, and comprises a heat insulation layer 222 on a floor slab structure layer 221, a mortar layer 223 on the heat insulation layer 222, a phase-change energy storage pipe structure 224 embedded in the mortar layer 223, a leveling layer 225 and a decoration layer 226 on the mortar layer 223, wherein the phase-change energy storage pipe structure comprises an inner pipe 2 and an outer pipe 1, the inner pipe 2 is sleeved in the outer pipe 1, a liquid circulation channel is arranged between the inner pipe 2 and the outer pipe 1, and the inner pipe 2 and the outer pipe 1 are fixed through a connecting piece 3; the inner tube is filled with the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material; or the inner tube is sleeved in the outer tube, the inner tube is of a hollow structure and is internally provided with a metal ball, and the metal ball is a sphere which is coated or encapsulated by a metal shell and is made of an organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material which is the same as the phase-change material in the interlayer of the water tank wall; the liquid circulation channel is filled with superconducting liquid or water. The mortar layer can be a phase-change mortar layer added with the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material. The inner tube can be a metal tube with good heat transfer, such as copper tube, stainless steel tube, aluminum tube, steel tube, etc., and is filled with organic-inorganic composite phase change solid material.
The invention relates to a low-energy-consumption solar phase-change efficient heating and refrigerating system, which is characterized in that a solar water heating system thermal working medium is used for floor heating by a floor heating coil pipe net made of a phase-change energy-storage pipe structure in winter, heat is stored in an inner pipe of the floor heating coil pipe net and a phase-change energy-storage mortar layer around the floor heating coil pipe through a circulating system, then the floor is subjected to constant-temperature heat supply through the inner pipe and the phase-change energy-storage mortar layer, and when the room temperature and the medium in a pipeline at night are lower than the phase-change temperature of the inner pipe phase-change material of the floor heating coil pipe and the phase-change temperature of the phase-change energy-storage layer material, the phase-change material and the phase-change energy-storage layer automatically release heat, and the room is subjected to radiant heat supply through the floor, so that the room is maintained at a basically constant temperature.
The temperature of the floor heating pipe is the phase-change heat-storage floor heating structure, compared with the common low-temperature hot water radiation heating floor, the floor heating pipe is characterized in that the floor heating pipe is paved with the phase-change energy-storage pipe structure, when hot water in the floor heating pipe supplies heat to a room, heat is transferred, the phase-change material in the inner pipe of the floor heating pipe and the phase-change material in the phase-change mortar layer absorb heat and change phase, and a large amount of heat is stored in a latent heat form and released when the room needs to be heated.
In the phase-change heat-storage heating floor structure, the floor heating coil is directly placed on the heat-insulating layer of the floor slab structural layer, the downward heat flow density is small, and smaller heat loss in the heating process is ensured. The structure continues the advantages of the common low-temperature hot water floor radiation heating, simultaneously has the characteristics of the phase change heat storage device, can store excessive heat in the phase change material in the daytime, and can favorably regulate and control the indoor thermal environment and further improve the thermal comfort of a human body in intermittent heating and heat original time-efficient limited heating, thereby favorably promoting energy conservation and consumption reduction of buildings. In addition to providing kitchen and bath hot water systems in summer, valves from other systems and collectors are closed; the working medium continuously dissipates heat through the water tank evaporator, the temperature of the working medium is reduced, the working medium cools and refrigerates the indoor through the floor heating coil pipe network and the fan coil pipe system, the working medium of the circulation system takes away indoor heat or heat stored in the inner pipe of the floor heating coil pipe and the phase change energy storage layer around the floor heating coil pipe, the indoor temperature is reduced, and the room is maintained at a basically constant temperature.
Example 1
The composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion comprises 1000kg of solid paraffin, 1000kg of liquid paraffin (the mass ratio of the solid paraffin to the liquid paraffin is 1:3), 10kg of nano copper particles, 10kg of emulsifying dispersant Span-8010kg of surfactant Tween-8050kg, 10kg of cosolvent n-butanol and 100kg of deionized water. The particle size of the nano copper particles is 30nm.
The composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion is obtained by the following method: mixing solid paraffin and liquid paraffin, adding into a reaction kettle, heating and melting in a constant-temperature water bath pool with a set temperature of 50 ℃, adding 30nm nano copper particles, adding an emulsifying dispersant Span-80, dispersing for 45min at an emulsifying temperature of 85 ℃ at a stirring speed of 1000r/min by adopting a constant-temperature magnetic stirrer, respectively carrying out ultrasonic vibration for 30min by adopting an ultrasonic processor to uniformly mix the solutions, cooling to 40 ℃, adding a surfactant Tween-80 at a rotating speed of 600r/min, adding cosolvent n-butanol, keeping the water bath temperature at 4 ℃ at a rotating speed of 200r/min, and dropwise adding deionized water to obtain the composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion, wherein the performance parameters of the phase-change emulsion are shown in table 1-1.
TABLE 1-1 composite nano-metal particle phase-change emulsion Performance index
The composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion of the embodiment 1 is applied to the solar phase-change heat collector, namely the composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion is arranged in a solar heat collecting glass tube and a heat collecting box; the performance indexes of the solar phase-change heat collector are shown in tables 1-2.
TABLE 1-2 Performance index of composite nano-metal particle phase-change emulsion for solar phase-change collector
In the embodiment of the invention, the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material comprises 80% of inorganic phase-change material Na (mixture of CH 3COO).3H2 O and organic phase-change material n-eicosane paraffin), 15% of expanded perlite and 5% of expandable graphite, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic phase-change material to the organic phase-change material is 1:1.
The organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material is obtained by the following method: adding n-eicosane paraffin and Na (CH 3COO).3H2 O) into a reaction kettle in turn, heating to a molten state composite phase change material at 70 ℃,2, adding expandable graphite into the molten state composite phase change material to form a mixture, stirring for 30min at the rotating speed of a magnetic stirrer of 600r/min, 3, adding expanded perlite into the reaction kettle, stirring for 30min at the rotating speed of the magnetic stirrer of 600r/min, then placing the mixture into an ultrasonic dispersing device to disperse at the frequency of 53KHZ for 30min at the temperature of 60 ℃,4, placing the mixture obtained in the reaction kettle into a vacuum drying device, drying for 40min in a vacuum environment at the temperature of 80 ℃ and at the pressure of 0.1mpa, 5, cooling the mixture obtained in the reaction kettle in air until the mixture is completely solidified, and obtaining the paraffin composite Na (CH 3COO).3H2 O) with the performance indexes of the organic-inorganic composite phase change solid materials shown in the table 1-3.
Tables 1 to 3. Performance index of organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid Material of example 1
| Project | Na(CH3COO).3H2O | N-eicosane paraffin wax | Example 1 |
| Transformation temperature/DEGC | 58.00 | 36.0 | 37.02 |
| Peak temperature/. Degree.C | 58.13 | 36.8 | 57.51 |
| Latent heat of phase change kJ/kg | 266.61 | 239.0 | 217.57 |
| Thermal conductivity w/m.k | 0.751 | 0.447 | 1.035 |
| Density kg/m of phase change material 3 | 1450 | 912 | 1195 |
As shown in the figure 5, the novel water tank structure mainly comprises a cylindrical or rectangular water tank body (the outer diameter: the height is 3:4, the length: the width: the height is 3:3:4), the water tank wall adopts an interlayer design, the water tank wall adopts a metal material (304 stainless steel wall thickness is not less than 2mm, steel plate is not less than 4 mm), the thickness of a water tank phase change material interlayer (heat storage layer) is 30mm, and an organic-inorganic composite phase change solid material or a metal (copper) cladding package is filled in the interlayer; arranging metal pipes or hollow metal pipes in the water tank according to the designed interval, filling organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid materials in the metal pipes, and coating and packaging organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material balls in the hollow metal pipes (copper); the outermost layer of the water tank wall is provided with a polyurethane heat-insulating layer with the thickness of 30 mm. Meanwhile, an electric heating rod with certain power can be arranged at a position below the inside of the water tank for heating water in the water tank, and the electric heating rod is only used as an auxiliary heating device for solving the problem that no sun exists in long-term overcast and rainy days and performing reverse auxiliary heating; the water tank is provided with the evaporator heat dissipation and refrigeration device to solve the problem of refrigeration in summer, the whole system can be in butt joint with devices such as an air source, and the devices only solve the problem of reverse auxiliary heating or auxiliary refrigeration without sun in continuous overcast and rainy days and do not serve as a main heat source providing device.
The interlayer is filled with the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material of the embodiment 1, and the phase-change heat storage water tank has the following performance indexes shown in tables 1-4.
Tables 1-4. Performance index of phase-change thermal storage Water tank
As shown in FIG. 3, the inner and outer sleeves are used for conveying working medium pipelines, the outer tube is a galvanized steel tube, the inner tube is a copper tube, the inner tube is filled with paraffin composite Na (CH 3COO).3H2 O phase change material), the radiant floor coil is a PE-RT buried tube, the inner tube is a copper tube, the inner tube is filled with paraffin composite Na (CH 3COO).3H2 O phase change material), and the parameters of the outer pipeline are shown in the following tables 1-5 and performance indexes 1-6.
Tables 1-5. Parameters of inner and outer jacket pipe conveying working medium pipe
Tables 1-6. Performance index of inner and outer jacket pipe conveying working medium pipeline Using solid Material of example 1
| Physical property parameters | Solidification condition | Melting condition |
| Density kg/m of phase change material 3 | 1195 | 1195 |
| Phase change material hot melting kJ/g.k | 3.83 | 3.83 |
| Thermal conductivity w/m.k | 1.291 | 1.291 |
| Latent heat of phase change kJ/kg | 217.57 | 217.57 |
| Phase transition solidification temperature | 37.02 | 37.02 |
| Phase transition melting temperature | 37.51 | 37.51 |
| Density kg/m of working medium 3 | 1180 | 1180 |
| Working medium hot melting kJ/g.k | 3.83 | 3.83 |
The invention discloses a floor heating structure, which comprises 350kg of cement, 436kg of fly ash and 10kg of n-eicosane paraffin composite Na (CH 3COO).3H2 O phase-change material, 4kg of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and 10kg of redispersible emulsion powder in mass ratio, wherein the process comprises the following steps of (1) heating the n-eicosane paraffin composite Na (CH 3COO).3H2 O phase-change material with the ratio to a molten state at 70 ℃, 2) adding the fly ash into the molten state composite phase-change material to form a mixture, stirring for 30min at the rotating speed of 600r/min by a magnetic stirrer, 3) adding the cellulose and the redispersible emulsion powder into the (2), stirring for 30min at the rotating speed of 600r/min by the magnetic stirrer, and cooling the mixture obtained by the stirring for 30min in air until the mixture is completely solidified, thus obtaining the n-eicosane paraffin composite Na (CH 3COO).3H2 O phase-change energy-storage mortar (concrete);
the physical description heat storage model of the heating tail end energy storage floor is of a rectangular reverse-folded structure, as shown in fig. 4, the floor structure layer sequentially comprises a floor structure layer, a 30mm thick hard extruded sheet heat insulation layer, a DN32 galvanized steel pipe outer pipe, a 7mm copper pipe built-in n-eicosane paraffin composite Na (CH 3COO).3H2 O phase-change material branch pipe, a 60mm thick phase-change energy storage mortar (concrete) layer, a DN25 PE-RT outer pipe and a 5mm copper pipe built-in paraffin composite Na (CH 3COO).3H2 O phase-change material coil pipe layer, pipelines are uniformly paved, the space between a living room, a passageway and a restaurant coil pipe is 250mm, the bedroom and a kitchen are 200mm, the bathroom is 150mm, the coil pipe is required to be kept at a distance of 150mm from the wall, the areas such as an outer wall, an outer window, an outer door and the like with larger heat loss can be laid in an encrypted mode, the loop length of each coil pipe is equal as much as possible, the length is not more than 120m, a 20-thick phase-change mortar leveling layer, a 10-thick marble floor decoration layer, working media in the coil pipe are superconducting liquid, and the floor and side walls are provided with 30 thick side heat insulation layers.
Project application test of the above-described structure
The project is located in suburban county of Xining of Qinghai province, and has the advantages of local altitude 3015m, drought, little rain, sufficient sunlight and large day-night temperature difference. The annual average air temperature is 5.6 ℃, the annual maximum air temperature is 32.5 ℃, the annual minimum air temperature is-29.8 ℃, and the annual average sunlight number is 3018 hours, and floor heating is paved in living rooms, secondary bedrooms, primary bedrooms, kitchens, aisles and toilets. The load is calculated according to the calculated temperature outside the heating room, the temperature is calculated at the temperature of-20 ℃ and the design temperature inside the heating room is 16 ℃, temperature probes are arranged at the positions of 1.5m among the living room, the dining room, the master bedroom and the sunshine room, the temperatures of the backwater, the outside and the water tank are also monitored, and the temperature change is recorded every hour. The thermal load calculation table of the application project and the physical parameters of the material with the heat supply amount of 2.91 xl O 5 KJ for 24 hours when the load coefficient of 0.7 is considered are shown in tables 1-7 and 1-8.
Tables 1-7. Heat load calculation tables
| Part(s) | Square meter with area | Unit load W/squaremeter | Load W |
| Parlor (living room) | 29.07 | 49 | 1424.43 |
| Bedroom | 16.83 | 69 | 1161.27 |
| Restaurant | 14.85 | 46 | 683.1 |
| Bathroom and passage way | 11.97 | 44 | 526.68 |
| Kitchen | 7.92 | 45 | 356.4 |
| Totals to | 80.64 | 4151.88 |
Tables 1 to 8 physical properties of the material having a heat supply capacity of 2.91 xl O 5 kJ for 24 hours when considering a load factor of 0.7
The solid phase change material of the embodiment 1 has the latent heat of phase change of 217.57kJ/kg, the solid density of 1195kg/m 3, the filling layer and the filling layer are paved with about 80.64 square meters, the thickness of the filling layer is 80mm, the content of the phase change heat storage material is 20 percent, and the theoretical heat storage capacity can reach 80.64 square meters x0.08m x20 percent x 1195x217.57=3.50x105kJ; in addition, phase change materials are added into the PE-RT coil pipe with the diameter of 5mm of the inner pipe copper pipe of DN25, and the lengths of 537m,537x3.14x0.0025x0.0025x1195x217.57 are respectively equal to the diameters of the inner pipe copper pipes of the PE-RT coil pipe
＝2.74x l 03KJ；
The test starts on 1 month and 15 days of 2015, ends on 1 month and 30 days, and continues for two weeks; the outdoor temperature is below 0 ℃ for the most part except that the temperature reaches 5 ℃ above zero for 1 month and 20 days, and the lowest temperature is below minus 24 ℃; the temperature of the water tank is about 45 ℃ except for more clouds in the daytime in three days of 19-21 days, and the water temperature in the rest days reaches 75 ℃. Wherein, the cloud layer is short between 16 days and 23 days to shield the sunlight; the lowest room temperature occurs at sunrise 9:00, starting a circulating pump, wherein the temperature layering phenomenon of a floor structural layer is obvious in the initial stage of heat storage, and the heat dissipation tail end of the floor adopts a capillary network and is in a same-program heat supply mode, so that the temperature distribution of the floor surface is uniform, the heat conduction coefficient of cement mortar is larger than that of a phase-change material, the temperature of the cement mortar at a position close to a heat source rises faster, the temperature of the floor surface reaches about 22.4 ℃ on average, when the heat storage is carried out for 5 hours, only a right-angle local area at the position close to the floor is not melted, the side of the cement mortar conducts heat to the side of the phase-change material, and the temperature of the floor rises slowly; in the process of 8 hours of heat storage, most of phase change materials are melted, and when the heat storage is finished, the floor surface temperature is graded uniformly, the average temperature reaches 30.1 ℃, the heat storage effect is good, and the highest temperature point appears at 20 afternoon: 00, closing the circulating water pump; in the initial stage of heat release, the temperature difference between the phase change materials in the phase change energy storage layer and the inner sleeve pipe and other areas is larger, the temperature of the surface of the phase change floor drops slowly, and the temperature of the surface of the floor can still be maintained at about 20.5 ℃ after heat release for 6 hours; the phase change material continuously releases heat, and the average temperature of the floor surface can also reach 19.8 ℃ when the heat release is carried out for 12 h; after that, most of the phase-change material solidifies, the temperature of each floor structure layer approaches to be consistent, and the temperature of the floor surface is reduced to 17.9 DEG C
Example 2
The composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion comprises solid paraffin, liquid paraffin, metal nano particles, an emulsifying dispersant, a surfactant, a cosolvent and deionized water, wherein 1000kg of a mixture of the solid paraffin and the liquid paraffin (the mass ratio of the solid paraffin to the liquid paraffin is 1:4), 50kg of nano copper oxide particles, 50kg of the emulsifying dispersant Span-805kg and Tween-805kg, 15kg of the surfactant Tween-80150kg, 15kg of the cosolvent n-butanol and 50kg of deionized water.
The composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion is obtained by the following method: mixing solid paraffin and liquid paraffin, adding the mixture into a reaction kettle, heating and melting the mixture in a constant-temperature water bath pool with the set temperature of 50 ℃, adding nano copper oxide particles with the particle size of 30nm, adding an emulsifying dispersant Span-80 and Tween-80, dispersing the mixture for 45min by adopting a constant-temperature magnetic stirrer at the emulsifying temperature of 85 ℃ and the stirring speed of 1000r/min, and respectively carrying out ultrasonic vibration for 30min by adopting an ultrasonic processor to realize uniform mixing of the solutions; cooling to 40 ℃, adding a surfactant Tween-20 at the rotating speed of 600r/min, and adding cosolvent isopropanol; and (3) dropwise adding deionized water under the condition of keeping the water bath temperature at 4 ℃ and the rotating speed at 200r/min to obtain composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion, wherein the performance parameters of the phase-change emulsion are shown in Table 2-1.
TABLE 2-1 Performance index of composite nanoparticle phase-change emulsion
The composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion of the embodiment 2 is applied to a solar phase-change collector, namely a solar heat-collection glass tube and a heat-collection box are internally provided with the composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion; the performance index is shown in Table 2-2.
TABLE 2-2 Performance index of composite nano-metal particle phase-change emulsion for solar phase-change collector
The organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material comprises, by mass, 70% of a mixture of inorganic phase-change material Na 2S2O3.5H2 O and organic phase-change material n-hexadecane paraffin, 20% of attapulgite and 10% of multi-wall carbon nanotubes, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic phase-change material to the organic phase-change material is 2:3.
The organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material is obtained by the following method: (1) Sequentially adding the n-hexadecane paraffin and the Na 2S2O3.5H2 O composite phase-change material into a reaction kettle according to the above, and heating to a molten state at 70 ℃ to obtain the composite phase-change material; (2) Adding the multi-wall carbon nanotubes into the molten composite phase change material to form a mixture, and stirring for 30min at the rotating speed of 600r/min by adopting a magnetic stirrer; (3) Adding attapulgite into the step (2), stirring for 30min at the rotating speed of 600r/min by adopting a magnetic stirrer, then putting the mixture into ultrasonic dispersion at the frequency of 53KHZ, and performing ultrasonic dispersion at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 30min; (4) Placing the mixture obtained in the step (3) in a vacuum drying device, and drying the mixture in a vacuum environment of 0.1mpa at 80 ℃ for 40min; (5) And (3) cooling the mixture obtained in the step (4) in air until the mixture is completely solidified, thus obtaining the n-hexadecane paraffin composite Na 2S2O3.5H2 O phase-change material, wherein the performance indexes of the composite phase-change material are shown in tables 2-3.
TABLE 2-3 example 2 organic-inorganic composite phase change solid Material
| Project | Na2S2O3.5H2O | N-hexadecane paraffin wax | Example 2 |
| Transformation temperature/DEGC | 47.76 | 16.7 | 26.88 |
| Peak temperature/. Degree.C | 49.0 | 18.20 | 45.76 |
| Latent heat of phase change kJ/kg | 210.74 | 237.0 | 198.94 |
| Thermal conductivity w/m.k | 0.476 | 0.28 | 0.523 |
| Density kg/m of phase change material 3 | 1666 | 774 | 1175 |
As in the heat storage water tank of FIG. 5, the organic-inorganic composite phase change solid material of example 2 is used. The phase-change heat storage water tank has the following performance indexes shown in tables 2-4.
Tables 2-4. Performance index of phase-change thermal storage Water tank
As shown in fig. 3, the inner and outer sleeves are used for conveying working medium pipelines, the outer tube is a galvanized steel tube, the inner tube is a copper tube, the inner tube is filled with the organic-inorganic composite phase change solid material of the embodiment 2, the radiant floor coil is a PE-RT buried tube, the inner tube is a copper tube, the inner tube is filled with the organic-inorganic composite phase change solid material of the embodiment 2, and the pipeline parameters are shown in the following tables 2-5.
TABLE 2-5 parameters of inner and outer jacket pipe conveying working medium pipeline
Tables 2-6. Example 2 solid phase change Material inner and outer casing pipe outer Transmission working Medium pipeline Performance index
The floor heating structure comprises 350kg of phase-change energy-storage mortar (concrete) by mass, 436kg of fly ash, 200kg of n-hexadecane paraffin composite Na 2S2O3.5H2 O phase-change material, 4kg of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 10kg of redispersible emulsion powder; the preparation process is the same as in example 1.
The physical description heat storage model of the heating tail end energy storage floor is of a rectangular reverse-folded structure, as shown in fig. 4, the floor structure layer is sequentially formed from bottom to top, a floor structure layer, a 30mm thick hard extruded sheet heat insulation layer, a DN32 galvanized steel pipe outer pipe, a 7mm copper pipe built-in N-hexadecane paraffin composite N a2S2O3.5H2 O phase change material branch pipe, a 60mm thick phase change energy storage mortar (concrete), a DN25 PE-RT outer pipe, a 5mm copper pipe built-in N-hexadecane paraffin composite Na 2S2O3.5H2 O phase change material coil pipe layer, pipelines are uniformly paved, the space between a living room, a passageway and a restaurant coil pipe is 250mm, the sleeping room and a kitchen are 200mm, the distance between the coil pipe and the wall is 150mm, the areas such as an outer wall, an outer window, an outer door and the like with larger heat loss can be encrypted and laid, the loop length of each coil pipe is equal as much as possible, the length is not more than 120m,20mm thick phase change mortar (concrete) leveling layers, 10mm thick marble floor decoration layers, working mediums in the coil pipe are superconducting liquid, the floor and the side wall is provided with 30mm thick side surfaces.
Project application test of the above-described structure
The project is located in suburban county of Xining of Qinghai province, and has the advantages of local altitude 3015m, drought, little rain, sufficient sunlight and large day-night temperature difference. The annual average air temperature is 5.6 ℃, the annual maximum air temperature is 32.5 ℃, the annual minimum air temperature is-29.8 ℃, and the annual average sunlight number is 3018 hours, and floor heating is paved in living rooms, secondary bedrooms, primary bedrooms, kitchens, aisles and toilets. The load is calculated according to the calculated temperature outside the heating room, the temperature is calculated at the temperature of-20 ℃ and the design temperature inside the heating room is 16 ℃, temperature probes are arranged at the positions of 1.5m among the living room, the dining room, the master bedroom and the sunshine room, the temperatures of the backwater, the outside and the water tank are also monitored, and the temperature change is recorded every hour. The thermal load calculation table and the physical properties of the material having a heat supply capacity of 2.91 xl O 5 KJ for 24 hours when considering a load factor of 0.7 were the same as those of example 1.
Example 2 the latent heat of phase change 198.94kJ/kg, solid density 1175kg/m3, filling layer and filling layer are paved with about 80.64 square meters, thickness is 80mm, the content of phase change heat storage material is 20%, theoretical heat storage can reach 80.64 square meters x0.08mx20% x1175x198.94=3.01x105kJ; in addition, phase change materials are added into the PE-RT coil pipe with the diameter of 5mm, and the lengths of 537m, 537x3.14x0.0025x0.0025x1175x198.94=2.46x l 03KJ are respectively added;
The test starts at day 1, 10 in 2016, and ends at day 1, 25, for two weeks in succession; the outdoor temperature is below 0 ℃ and the lowest temperature is minus 25 ℃; the temperature of the water tank reaches 70 ℃ in daytime; the lowest room temperature occurs at sunrise front 8: the circulating pump is started, the temperature layering phenomenon of the floor structural layer is obvious in the initial stage of heat storage, the floor heat dissipation tail end adopts a capillary network and is in the same-program heat supply mode, so that the distribution of the floor surface temperature is uniform, the heat conduction coefficient of cement mortar is larger than that of a phase-change material, the temperature of the cement mortar at the position close to a heat source rises faster, the temperature of the floor surface reaches about 20.6 ℃ on average, when the heat storage is carried out for 5 hours, only a right-angle local area at the position close to the floor is not melted yet, the side of the cement mortar conducts heat to the side of the phase-change material, and the temperature of the floor rises slowly; at the end of heat accumulation, the surface temperature of the floor is maintained at 22.3 ℃, the heat accumulation effect is good, most of the phase change material is melted in the 8h process of heat accumulation, the surface temperature of the floor is evenly graded at the end of heat accumulation, the average temperature reaches 24.7 ℃, the heat accumulation effect is good, and the highest temperature point appears at 20 pm: 10, closing the circulating water pump; in the initial stage of heat release, the phase change materials in the phase change energy storage mortar layer and the inner sleeve have larger temperature difference with other areas, the temperature of the surface of the phase change floor drops slowly, and the temperature of the surface of the floor can still be maintained at about 18.3 ℃ after heat release for 6 hours; the phase change material continuously releases heat, and the average temperature of the floor surface can reach 17.4 ℃ when the heat release is carried out for 12 h; after this, the phase change material solidifies mostly, the temperature of each layer of the floor structure layer approaches unity, and the floor surface temperature drops to a minimum temperature of 16.2 ℃.
Example 3
The composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion comprises 1000kg of solid paraffin, 1000kg of liquid paraffin (the mass ratio of the solid paraffin to the liquid paraffin is 1:2), 30kg of 30nm graphene oxide powder, 100kg of surfactant sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate, 15kg of cosolvent n-amyl alcohol and 50kg of deionized water, wherein the solid paraffin, the liquid paraffin, the metal nano particles, the emulsifying dispersant, the surfactant, the cosolvent and the deionized water are mixed together, the solid paraffin and the liquid paraffin are mixed together, the emulsifying dispersant is Span-402kg and Span-605kg, the Tween-402kg and Tween-605kg are mixed together, and the cosolvent n-amyl alcohol is mixed together.
The composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion is obtained by the following method: mixing solid paraffin and liquid paraffin, adding the mixture into a reaction kettle, heating and melting the mixture in a constant-temperature water bath pool with the set temperature of 50 ℃, adding graphene oxide powder with the particle size of 30nm, an emulsifying dispersant Span-40 and Span-60, a emulsifying dispersant Tween-40 and a emulsifying dispersant Tween-60, dispersing the mixture for 45 minutes by adopting a constant-temperature magnetic stirrer at the emulsifying temperature of 85 ℃ and the stirring speed of 1000r/min, and respectively carrying out ultrasonic vibration for 30 minutes by adopting an ultrasonic processor to realize uniform mixing of the solution; cooling to 40 ℃, adding surfactant sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate at 600r/min, and adding cosolvent n-amyl alcohol; and (3) dropwise adding deionized water under the condition of keeping the water bath temperature at 4 ℃ and the rotating speed at 200r/min to obtain composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion, wherein the performance parameters of the phase-change emulsion are shown in Table 3-1.
TABLE 3-1 composite nano-metal particle phase-change emulsion Performance index
Example 3 the composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion is applied to a solar phase-change heat collector, and the specific structure of the solar phase-change heat collector is the same as that of example 1, and the performance indexes of the solar phase-change heat collector are shown in tables 3-2.
The invention relates to a phase-change energy storage tube structure, which comprises an inner tube and an outer tube, wherein the inner tube is sleeved in the outer tube, a tube interlayer is arranged between the inner tube and the outer tube, working medium materials are used in the tube clamp layer, and composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion is filled in the inner tube.
TABLE 3-2 Performance index of composite nanoparticle phase-change emulsion for solar phase-change collector
The organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material comprises, by mass, 60% of a mixture of an inorganic phase-change material CaCL 2.6H2 O and an organic phase-change material n-docosane paraffin, 25% of diatomite and 15% of nano silicon carbide, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic phase-change material to the organic phase-change material is 1:4 (80% n-docosa-paraffin, 20% CaCL 2.6H2 O).
The organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material is obtained by the following method: (1) Sequentially adding the n-docosahexaenoic acid paraffin and CaCL 2.6H2 O composite phase-change material into a reaction kettle according to the above, and heating to a molten state at 70 ℃; (2) Adding nano silicon carbide into the molten composite phase change material to form a mixture, and stirring for 30min at the rotating speed of 600r/min by adopting a magnetic stirrer; (3) Adding attapulgite into the step (2), stirring for 30min at the rotating speed of 600r/min by adopting a magnetic stirrer, then putting the mixture into ultrasonic dispersion at the frequency of 53KHZ, and performing ultrasonic dispersion at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 30min; (4) Placing the mixture obtained in the step (3) in a vacuum drying device, and drying the mixture in a vacuum environment of 0.1mpa at 80 ℃ for 40min; (5) And (3) cooling the mixture obtained in the step (4) in air until the mixture is completely solidified, thus obtaining the n-docosane paraffin composite CaCL 2.6H2 O phase-change material, wherein the performance indexes of the composite phase-change material are shown in tables 3-3.
TABLE 3-3 example 3 organic-inorganic composite phase change solid Material
| Project | CaCL2.6H2O | N-docosane paraffin wax | Example 3 |
| Transformation temperature/DEGC | 29.0 | 44.0 | 38.60 |
| Peak temperature/. Degree.C | 30.0 | 44.50 | 40.11 |
| Latent heat of phase change kJ/kg | 190.8 | 157.0 | 179.90 |
| Thermal conductivity w/m.k | 0.540 | 0.21 | 0.36 |
| Density kg/m of phase change material 3 | 1562 | 769 | 1238 |
As shown in fig. 5, the interlayer of the wall of the heat storage water tank adopts the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material of the embodiment 3. The phase-change heat storage water tank has the following performance indexes shown in tables 3-4.
Tables 3-4. Performance index of phase-change thermal storage Water tank
| Project | Ordinary water tank | Example 3 |
| Duration of the test/h | 7.13 | 8.03 |
| Phase transition time/h | / | 3.17 |
| Total heat storage/MJ | 45.62 | 259.44 |
| Water body heat accumulation/MJ | 45.62 | 32.54 |
| Phase change material heat storage/MJ | / | 226.90 |
| Heat storage ratio of phase change material/% | / | 90.3 |
| Average heat storage intensity/KW of water tank in phase change process | 1.20 | 1.63 |
| Average heat storage strength/KW of phase change process material | / | 1.28 |
| Heat collection efficiency/% | 0.64 | 0.96 |
| Total power consumption/MJ | 24.12 | 24.28 |
| COP | 1.89 | 9.09 |
As shown in fig. 3, the inner and outer sleeves are used for conveying working medium pipelines, the outer tube is a galvanized steel tube, the inner tube is a copper tube, the inner tube is filled with the organic-inorganic composite phase change solid material of the embodiment 3, the radiant floor coil is a PE-RT buried tube, the inner tube is a copper tube, the inner tube is filled with the organic-inorganic composite phase change solid material of the embodiment 3, and the pipeline parameters are shown in the following tables 3-5.
TABLE 3-5 parameters of inner and outer jacket pipe conveying working medium pipeline
Tables 3-6. Performance index of inner and outer jacket pipe conveying working medium pipeline using phase change material of example 3
| Physical property parameters | Solidification condition | Melting condition |
| Density kg/m of phase change material 3 | 1038 | 1238 |
| Phase change material hot melting kJ/g.k | 3.05 | 3.05 |
| Thermal conductivity w/m.k | 1.726 | 1.724 |
| Latent heat of phase change kJ/kg | 179.90 | 179.90 |
| Phase transition solidification temperature | 38.60 | 38.60 |
| Phase transition melting temperature | 40.11 | 40.11 |
| Density kg/m of working medium 3 | 1180 | 1180 |
| Working medium hot melting kJ/g.k | 3.83 | 3.83 |
The floor heating structure comprises 350kg of phase-change energy-storage mortar (concrete) by mass, 436kg of fly ash, 200kg of n-docosane paraffin composite CaCL 2.6H2 O phase-change material, 4kg of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and 10kg of redispersible emulsion powder; the preparation process is the same as in example 1.
The physical description heat storage model of the heating tail end energy storage floor is of a rectangular reverse-folded structure, as shown in fig. 4, the physical description heat storage model of the heating tail end energy storage floor is of a rectangular reverse-folded structure, as shown in the figure, the floor structure layer is sequentially from bottom to top, a floor structure layer, a 30mm thick hard extruded sheet heat insulation layer, a DN32 galvanized steel pipe outer pipe, a 7mm copper pipe built-in n-docosane paraffin composite CaCL 2.6H2 O phase change material branch pipe, a 60-thick phase change energy storage mortar (concrete) layer, a DN25 PE-RT outer pipe and a 5mm copper pipe built-in n-docosane paraffin composite CaCL 2.6H2 O phase change material coil pipe layer, pipelines are uniformly paved, the distances between living rooms, aisles and dining room coil pipes are 250mm, bedrooms and kitchens are 200mm, a toilet is 150mm, the distance between the coil pipes and the wall is required to be kept, the areas such as an outer wall, an outer window, an outer door and the outer door can be encrypted, the loop lengths of all coil pipes are equal as much as possible, the lengths are not suitable to exceed 120m, a 20-thick phase change mortar (concrete) leveling layer, a 10mm thick marble floor decoration layer, the coil pipes are 30-side wall liquid, and side walls are arranged on the sides;
project application test of the above-described structure
The project is located in suburban county of Xining of Qinghai province, and has the advantages of local altitude 3015m, drought, little rain, sufficient sunlight and large day-night temperature difference. The annual average air temperature is 5.6 ℃, the annual maximum air temperature is 32.5 ℃, the annual minimum air temperature is-29.8 ℃, and the annual average sunlight number is 3018 hours, and floor heating is paved in living rooms, secondary bedrooms, primary bedrooms, kitchens, aisles and toilets. The load is calculated according to the calculated temperature outside the heating room, the temperature is calculated at the temperature of-20 ℃ and the design temperature inside the heating room is 16 ℃, temperature probes are arranged at the positions of 1.5m among the living room, the dining room, the master bedroom and the sunshine room, the temperatures of the backwater, the outside and the water tank are also monitored, and the temperature change is recorded every hour. The thermal load calculation table and the physical properties of the material having a heat supply capacity of 2.91x lO 5 KJ for 24 hours when considering a load factor of 0.7 were the same as in example 1.
Example 3 latent heat of phase change 179.90kJ/kg, solid density 1283kg/m 3, filling layer and filling layer lay about 80.64 square meters, thickness 80mm, phase change heat storage material content 20%, theoretical heat storage up to 80.64 square meters x0.08mx20% x179.90x1283=2.98x10 5 kJ; in addition, phase change materials are added into the PE-RT coil pipe with the diameter of 5mm and the lengths of 537m, 537x3.14x0.0025x0.0025x1283x179.9=2.43x10 3 kJ.
The test starts from 12 months of 2017, starts from 20 days of 2017, ends from 1 month of 2018, and ends at outdoor temperature for two weeks continuously, wherein all the time is below 0 ℃ and the lowest temperature is minus 26 ℃; the temperature and the water temperature of the water tank reach 65 ℃; the lowest room temperature occurs before sunrise 7:30, starting a circulating pump, wherein the temperature layering phenomenon of a floor structural layer is obvious in the initial stage of heat storage, and the heat dissipation tail end of the floor adopts a capillary network and is in a same-program heat supply mode, so that the temperature distribution of the floor surface is uniform, the heat conduction coefficient of cement mortar is larger than that of a phase-change material, the temperature of the cement mortar at a position close to a heat source rises faster, the temperature of the floor surface reaches about 18.6 ℃ on average, when the heat storage is carried out for 5 hours, only a right-angle local area at the position close to the floor is not melted, the side of the cement mortar conducts heat to the side of the phase-change material, and the temperature of the floor rises slowly; at the end of heat accumulation, the surface temperature of the floor is maintained at 21.1 ℃, the heat accumulation effect is good, most of the phase change material is melted in the 8h process of heat accumulation, the surface temperature of the floor is evenly graded at the end of heat accumulation, the average temperature reaches 22.5 ℃, the heat accumulation effect is good, and the highest temperature point appears at 20 pm: 30, closing the circulating water pump; in the initial stage of heat release, the phase-change materials in the phase-change energy-storage mortar layer and the inner sleeve have larger temperature difference with other areas, the temperature of the surface of the phase-change floor drops slowly, and the temperature of the surface of the floor can still be maintained at about 17.4 ℃ after heat release for 6 hours; the phase change material continuously releases heat, and the average temperature of the floor surface can also reach 16.3 ℃ when the heat release is carried out for 12 h; after that, most of the phase change material solidifies, the temperature of each layer of the floor structure layer is nearly uniform, and the temperature of the floor surface is reduced to the lowest temperature of 14.8 ℃.
Example 4
The composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion comprises 1000kg of solid paraffin, 1000kg of liquid paraffin (the mass ratio of the solid paraffin to the liquid paraffin is 1:1), 20kg of 30nm carbon nanotube powder, 20kg of emulsifying dispersant Span-2012.5kg and Span-802.5kg, 202.5kg of Tween-202.5kg and Tween-807.5kg of surfactant sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate, 20kg of cosolvent ethanol and 50kg of deionized water.
The composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion is obtained by the following method: mixing solid paraffin and liquid paraffin, adding into a reaction kettle, heating and melting in a constant-temperature water bath pool with the set temperature of 50 ℃, adding carbon nanotube powder with the particle size of 30nm, emulsifying dispersant Span-20 and Span-80, tween-20 and Tween-80, dispersing at the emulsification temperature of 85 ℃ and the stirring speed of 1000r/min for 45min by adopting a constant-temperature magnetic stirrer, and respectively carrying out ultrasonic vibration for 30min by adopting an ultrasonic processor to realize uniform mixing of the solution; cooling to 40 ℃, adding surfactant sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate at 600r/min, and adding cosolvent ethanol; and (3) dropwise adding deionized water under the condition of keeping the water bath temperature at 4 ℃ and the rotating speed at 200r/min to obtain composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion, wherein the performance parameters of the phase-change emulsion are shown in Table 4-1.
TABLE 4-1 composite nano-metal particle phase-change emulsion Performance index
| Project | Water and its preparation method | Tetradecanol of decanoic acid | Example 4 |
| Transformation temperature/DEGC | 0 | 32.0 | 31.6 |
| Latent heat of phase change kJ/kg | / | 163.0 | 71.8 |
| Thermal conductivity w/m.k | 0.668 | 0.149 | 0.911 |
| Dynamic viscosity/m.k | / | 0.0256 | 0.0286 |
| Viscosity/mpa.s | 0.8949 | 27.89 | 23.70 |
| Thermal diffusivity mm2/s | / | 0.132 | 0.314 |
| Specific heat capacity kJ/g.k | 4.20 | 2.77 | 2.96 |
| Density g/ml | 1.00 | 0.986 | 1.16 |
| Solid-liquid phase transition/°c | / | / | 40.0 |
Example 4 the composite nanoparticle phase-change emulsion was applied to a solar phase-change collector, and the specific structure of the solar phase-change collector is the same as that of example 1, and the performance indexes are shown in table 4-2.
TABLE 4-2 Performance index of composite nano-metal particle phase-change emulsion for solar phase-change collector
The organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material comprises 70% of a mixture of inorganic phase-change material Na 2SO4.10H2 O and organic phase-change material tetradecyl decanoate, 7.5% of ultrafine fly ash and 20% of rare earth, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic phase-change material to the organic phase-change material is 1:4 (tetradecyl decanoate 70%,30% Na 2SO4.10H2 O).
The organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material is obtained by the following method: (1) Sequentially adding tetradecyl decanoate and Na 2SO4.10H2 O composite phase-change material into a reaction kettle according to the above, and heating to a molten state at 70 ℃; (2) Adding superfine fly ash into the molten composite phase change material to form a mixture, and stirring for 30min at the rotating speed of 600r/min by adopting a magnetic stirrer; (3) Adding rare earth into the step (2), stirring for 30min at the rotating speed of 600r/min by adopting a magnetic stirrer, then putting the mixture into ultrasonic dispersion at the frequency of 53KHZ, and performing ultrasonic dispersion at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 30min; (4) Placing the mixture obtained in the step (3) in a vacuum drying device, and drying the mixture in a vacuum environment of 0.1mpa at 80 ℃ for 40min; (5) And (3) cooling the mixture obtained in the step (4) in air until the mixture is completely solidified, thereby obtaining the tetradecyl decanoate composite Na 2SO4.10H2 O phase-change material. The performance index of the composite phase change material is shown in tables 4-3.
TABLE 4-3 example 4 organic-inorganic composite phase change solid Material Performance index
| Project | Na2SO4.10H2O | Tetradecanol of decanoic acid | Example 4 |
| Transformation temperature/DEGC | 32.4 | 32.0 | 32.5 |
| Peak temperature/. Degree.C | 33.0 | 32.6 | 33.0 |
| Latent heat of phase change kJ/kg | 254.0 | 163.0 | 196.1 |
| Thermal conductivity w/m.k | 0.540 | 0.149 | 0.37 |
| Density kg/m of phase change material 3 | 1390 | 0.986 | 1215 |
As shown in fig. 5, the heat storage water tank adopts the organic-inorganic composite phase change solid material of example 4. The phase-change heat storage water tank has the following performance indexes shown in tables 4-4.
TABLE 4-4 Performance index of phase-change thermal storage Water tank
| Project | Ordinary water tank | Example 4 |
| Duration of the test/h | 7.13 | 8.43 |
| Phase transition time/h | / | 3.86 |
| Total heat storage/MJ | 45.62 | 231.90 |
| Water body heat accumulation/MJ | 45.62 | 30.04 |
| Phase change material heat storage/MJ | / | 201.86 |
| Heat storage ratio of phase change material/% | / | 87.00 |
| Average heat storage intensity/KW of water tank in phase change process | 1.20 | 1.56 |
| Average heat storage strength/KW of phase change process material | / | 1.18 |
| Heat collection efficiency/% | 0.64 | 0.92 |
| Total power consumption/MJ | 24.12 | 26.15 |
| COP | 1.89 | 10.03 |
As shown in fig. 3, the inner and outer sleeves are used for conveying working medium pipelines, the outer tube is a galvanized steel tube, the inner tube is a copper tube, the inner tube is filled with the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material of the embodiment 3, the radiant floor coil is a PE-RT buried tube, the inner tube is a copper tube, the inner tube is filled with the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material of the embodiment 3, and the pipeline parameters are shown in the following tables 4-5.
TABLE 4-5 parameters of inner and outer jacket pipe conveying working medium pipeline
Tables 4-6. Performance index of inner and outer jacket pipe conveying working medium pipeline using phase change material of example 4
| Physical property parameters | Solidification condition | Melting condition |
| Density kg/m of phase change material 3 | 1213 | 1227 |
| Phase change material hot melting kJ/g.k | 3.16 | 3.16 |
| Thermal conductivity w/m.k | 1.628 | 1.626 |
| Latent heat of phase change kJ/kg | 196.1 | 196.1 |
| Phase transition solidification temperature | 32.3 | 32.3 |
| Phase transition melting temperature | 32.6 | 32.6 |
| Density kg/m of working medium 3 | 1180 | 1180 |
| Working medium hot melting kJ/g.k | 3.83 | 3.83 |
The floor heating structure comprises 350kg of phase-change energy-storage mortar (concrete) with mass ratio of cement, 436kg of fly ash, 200kg of tetradecyl decanoate composite Na 2SO4.10H2 O phase-change material, 4kg of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 10kg of redispersible emulsion powder; the preparation process is the same as in example 1.
The physical description heat storage model of the heating tail end energy storage floor is of a rectangular reverse-folded structure, as shown in fig. 4, the physical description heat storage model of the heating tail end energy storage floor is of a rectangular reverse-folded structure, as shown in the figure, the floor structure layer is sequentially a floor structure layer, a 30mm thick hard extruded sheet heat insulation layer, a DN32 galvanized steel pipe outer pipe, a 7mm copper pipe built-in tetradecyl decanoic acid composite Na 2SO4.10H2 O phase change material branch pipe, a 60-thick phase change energy storage mortar (concrete) layer, a DN25 PE-RT outer pipe and a 5mm copper pipe built-in n-docosyl paraffin composite CaCL 2.6H2 O phase change material coil pipe layer, pipelines are uniformly laid, the space between a living room, a passageway and a restaurant coil pipe is 250mm, a bedroom and a kitchen is 200mm, a bathroom is 150mm, the distance between the coil pipe and the wall is required to keep 150mm, the heat loss is relatively large, the outer wall, the outer window, the outer door and the outer door can be laid in an encrypted mode, the loop length of each coil pipe is equal as much as possible, the working medium length is not suitable to exceed 120m, the 20 thick phase change mortar (concrete) leveling layer, the 10mm marble floor decoration layer, the inner coil pipe is 30mm, the thickness, the space is the superconducting side wall is 30mm, and the side wall heat insulation layer is arranged.
Project application test of the above-described structure
The project is located in suburban county of Xining of Qinghai province, and has the advantages of local altitude 3015m, drought, little rain, sufficient sunlight and large day-night temperature difference. The annual average air temperature is 5.6 ℃, the annual maximum air temperature is 32.5 ℃, the annual minimum air temperature is-29.8 ℃, and the annual average sunlight number is 3018 hours, and floor heating is paved in living rooms, secondary bedrooms, primary bedrooms, kitchens, aisles and toilets. The load is calculated according to the calculated temperature outside the heating room, the temperature is calculated at the temperature of-20 ℃ and the design temperature inside the heating room is 16 ℃, temperature probes are arranged at the positions of 1.5m among the living room, the dining room, the master bedroom and the sunshine room, the temperatures of the backwater, the outside and the water tank are also monitored, and the temperature change is recorded every hour. The thermal load calculation table and the physical properties of the material having a heat supply capacity of 2.91x lO 5 KJ for 24 hours when considering a load factor of 0.7 were the same as in example 1.
Example 4 phase change latent heat 196.1kJ/kg, solid density 1215kg/m 3, filling layer and filling layer lay about 80.64 square meters, thickness 80mm, phase change heat storage material content 20%, theoretical heat storage up to 80.64 square meters
X0.08mx20% x 196.1x1215=3.07x10 5 kJ; in addition, the phase change material is added into the PE-RT coil pipe with the diameter of 5mm, and the lengths of 537m, 537x3.14x0.0025x0.0025x196.1x1215=2.51x10 3 kJ;
The test starts from day 25 of 12 in 2018, ends at day 10 in 1, and continues for two weeks; the outdoor temperature is below 0 ℃ and the lowest temperature is minus 27 ℃; the temperature of the water tank is about 48 ℃ except more cloud layers in the daytime of 31 days and 1 day, and the water temperature in the rest days reaches 76 ℃; the lowest room temperature occurs at sunrise front 8:00, starting a circulating pump, wherein the temperature layering phenomenon of a floor structural layer is obvious in the initial stage of heat storage, and the heat dissipation tail end of the floor adopts a capillary network and is in a same-program heat supply mode, so that the temperature distribution of the floor surface is uniform, the heat conduction coefficient of cement mortar is larger than that of a phase-change material, the temperature of the cement mortar at a position close to a heat source rises faster, the temperature of the floor surface reaches about 20.9 ℃ on average, when the heat storage is carried out for 5 hours, only a right-angle local area at the position close to the floor is not melted, the side of the cement mortar conducts heat to the side of the phase-change material, and the temperature of the floor rises slowly; at the end of heat accumulation, the surface temperature of the floor is maintained at 22.3 ℃, the heat accumulation effect is good, most of the phase change material is melted in the 8h process of heat accumulation, the surface temperature of the floor is evenly graded at the end of heat accumulation, the average temperature reaches 24.1 ℃, the heat accumulation effect is good, and the highest temperature point appears at 19 pm: 45, closing the circulating water pump; in the initial stage of heat release, the temperature difference between the phase change materials in the phase change energy storage layer and the inner sleeve pipe and other areas is larger, the temperature of the surface of the phase change floor drops slowly, and the temperature of the surface of the floor can still be maintained at about 20.8 ℃ after heat release for 6 hours; the phase change material continuously releases heat, and the average temperature of the floor surface can also reach 18.3 ℃ when the heat release is carried out for 12 h; after that, most of the phase change material solidifies, the temperature of each layer of the floor structure layer is nearly uniform, and the temperature of the floor surface is reduced to 16.4 ℃ which is the lowest temperature.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (12)
1. The solar phase-change heat collector comprises a heat collection box, solar heat collection glass tubes and a superconductive liquid circulating tube, wherein a plurality of solar heat collection glass tubes are arranged side by side and are communicated with the heat collection box;
The composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion comprises solid paraffin, liquid paraffin, metal nano particles, an emulsifying dispersant, a surfactant, a cosolvent and deionized water, wherein the dosage of the metal nano particles and the emulsifying dispersant is 1.0-5.0% of the total mass of the solid paraffin and the liquid paraffin, and the dosage of the surfactant is 5.0-15.0% of the total mass of the solid paraffin and the liquid paraffin; the dosage of the cosolvent is 0.5% -2.0% of the total mass of the solid paraffin and the liquid paraffin; the deionized water accounts for 5-10.0% of the total mass of the metal nano particles, the solid paraffin, the liquid paraffin, the emulsifying dispersant, the surfactant and the cosolvent.
2. The solar phase change collector of claim 1, wherein the emulsifying dispersant and the surfactant are each one or more of Span-20, span-40, span-60, span-80, TWEEN 20 (TWEEN-20), TWEEN 21 (TWEEN-21), TWEEN 40 (TWEEN-40), TWEEN 60 (TWEEN-60), TWEEN 61 (TWEEN-61), TWEEN 80 (TWEEN-80), TWEEN 81 (TWEEN-81), TWEEN 85 (TWEEN-85), sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate; the mass ratio of the solid paraffin to the liquid paraffin is 1:1-1: 5, a step of; the metal nano particles are one or more than two of nano copper powder, nano iron powder, nano zinc powder and nano silver powder; the cosolvent is one of n-butanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethanol and n-amyl alcohol; the particle size of the metal nano particles is 10-50nm.
3. The solar phase-change collector of claim 1, wherein the composite nano-metal particle phase-change emulsion is obtained by:
step (1), weighing raw materials according to the composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion in claim 1 or 2;
Step (2), mixing the solid paraffin and the liquid paraffin, adding the mixture into a reaction kettle, heating and melting the mixture in a constant-temperature water bath, adding the metal nano particles and the emulsifying dispersant, emulsifying the mixture at 80-90 ℃, magnetically stirring the mixture at a constant temperature, and uniformly mixing the mixture by ultrasonic vibration; cooling to 35-50 ℃, adding a surfactant and a cosolvent, and dropwise adding deionized water under constant-temperature stirring conditions.
4. The solar phase-change heat collector according to claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the composite nano-metal particle phase-change emulsion is characterized in that deionized water is added dropwise until the last drop of water which is in a turbid state after the last drop of water is added dropwise, and the water adding amount is the maximum water adding amount.
5. The solar phase-change heating system with low energy consumption is characterized by comprising the solar phase-change heat collector and the phase-change heat storage water tank according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the superconductive liquid outlet end and the superconductive liquid inlet end are respectively communicated with a heat exchange coil pipe positioned in the phase-change heat storage water tank through an external pipeline to form a circulation loop; the phase-change heat storage water tank is communicated with the user terminal through an external pipeline.
6. The low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system according to claim 5, wherein the water tank wall of the phase-change heat storage water tank is provided with a water tank wall interlayer, the outer side of the water tank wall is provided with a tank body heat preservation layer, the water tank wall interlayer is filled with an organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material, and the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 60% -80% of a mixture of an inorganic phase change material and an organic phase change material, 5% -25% of a carrier material and 5% -15% of a high-heat-conductivity carbon-based material, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic phase change material to the organic phase change material is 1:1-1:5.
7. The low energy solar phase change heating system of claim 6, wherein the organic phase change material is any one of n-hexadecane to n-eicosyl nonadecane, tetradecyl decanoate, octanoic acid, lauric acid, butyl stearate, and 1-dodecanol; the inorganic phase change material is any one of Na2SO4﹒10H2O、CaCl2﹒6H2O、Ba(OH)2﹒8H2O、LiNO3﹒3H2O、Na2S2O3﹒5H2O; the carrier material is bentonite, attapulgite, expanded perlite, sepiolite, vermiculite, diatomite, kaolin and rare earth; the high-heat-conductivity carbon-based material is any one of expandable graphite, carbon powder, multi-layer graphene and multi-wall carbon nano-tubes, and the expandable graphite, the fly ash and the carbon powder are all over a 2000-mesh sieve.
8. The low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system according to claim 6, wherein the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material is obtained by:
step (1), weighing all raw materials according to organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid materials;
Step (2), heating the inorganic phase change material and the organic phase change material to a composite phase change material in a molten state at 60-80 ℃; adding the high-heat-conductivity carbon-based material into the molten composite phase-change material, uniformly stirring, adding the carrier material, stirring to generate dispersion, placing the mixture into a vacuum drying device, vacuum drying, taking out, cooling and solidifying to obtain the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material.
9. The low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system according to any one of claims 6-8, wherein the user terminal is a phase-change heat-storage floor heating structure, and the phase-change heat-storage floor heating structure comprises a heat preservation layer on a floor slab structure layer, a mortar layer on the heat preservation layer, a phase-change energy storage pipe embedded in the mortar layer, a leveling layer on the mortar layer and a decorative layer.
10. The low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system according to claim 9, wherein the external pipeline and the phase-change energy storage pipe comprise an inner pipe and an outer pipe, the inner pipe is sleeved in the outer pipe, a pipe interlayer is arranged between the inner pipe and the outer pipe, a working medium material is used in the pipe interlayer, and the inner pipe is filled with the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material of the phase-change material in the interlayer of the water tank wall;
Or, the outer pipeline comprises an inner pipe and an outer pipe, the inner pipe is sleeved in the outer pipe, a pipe interlayer is arranged between the inner pipe and the outer pipe, the pipe interlayer and the inner pipe are internally provided with working medium materials, the inner pipe is of a hollow structure and is internally filled with metal balls, and the metal balls are spheres of organic-inorganic composite phase change solid materials which are coated or encapsulated by metal shells and are the same phase change materials as the interlayer of the water tank wall.
11. The low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system according to claim 9, wherein the mortar layer is a phase-change energy-storage mortar layer and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 350 parts of cement, 436 parts of fly ash, 200 parts of organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material which is the same as the phase-change material in the interlayer of the water tank wall, 4 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 10 parts of redispersible emulsion powder.
12. A low energy solar energy phase change heating system according to any one of claims 5-8, 10-11, further comprising a refrigeration cycle comprising an air compressor, a condenser, a throttle valve, and an evaporator connected in sequence to form a cycle; and a coil pipe of the condenser is positioned in the phase-change heat storage water tank.
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