CN103017368A - Phase-change heat transfer type intermediate temperature heat reservoir as well as manufacturing and application thereof - Google Patents
Phase-change heat transfer type intermediate temperature heat reservoir as well as manufacturing and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103017368A CN103017368A CN2012105526461A CN201210552646A CN103017368A CN 103017368 A CN103017368 A CN 103017368A CN 2012105526461 A CN2012105526461 A CN 2012105526461A CN 201210552646 A CN201210552646 A CN 201210552646A CN 103017368 A CN103017368 A CN 103017368A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a phase-change heat transfer type intermediate temperature heat reservoir and an intermediate temperature solar air-conditioning system formed by the phase-change heat transfer type intermediate temperature heat reservoir. The phase-change heat transfer type intermediate temperature heat reservoir is a closed pressure container and comprises a box body, a plurality of ring frames, screens, heat accumulation layers and heat exchanging tubes, wherein the plurality of ring frames are respectively and horizontally fixed on the inner wall at the lower part of the box body, a plurality of screens are respectively arranged on each ring frame, the heat accumulation layers are respectively paved on each sieve screen, each heat accumulation layer is formed by mixing a composite phase-change heat accumulation material and grains of sand, the heat exchanging tubes are arranged in an inner cavity in the upper part of the box body, a tube cavity of each heat exchanging tube is isolated from the inside of the box body and is communicated with the outside of the box body, wherein a heat conducting device flows in the tube cavity, the intermediate temperature heat accumulation device takes water and water vapor as phase-change heat transfer working mediums, and the phase-change heat transfer mediums are directly evaporated or condensed on the surface of the granular composite phase-change heat accumulation material to realize phase-change heat exchange. The phase-change heat transfer type intermediate temperature heat reservoir and the intermediate temperature solar air-conditioning system have the advantages of excellent heat exchange capability, high solar utilization ratio, simple structure, easy manufacture and long service life.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solar utilizing equipment, be specifically related to warm thermal storage device and manufacturing and application in a kind of phase inversion pattern of fever, belong to energy technology field.
Background technology
Solar energy is a kind of cleaning, environmental protection, efficiently and never depleted new forms of energy, and the solar thermal utilization produce market is huge, so every country is all with the important content of solar energy resources utilization as the strategy of sustainable development.At present, in the middle of solar thermal utilization, the technology of solar water heater is relatively ripe, but some place not fully up to expectations still.For example, these water heaters all can only provide the following low-temperature water heating of 80 degree to be used for daily life mostly, and can not provide industrial needed water temperature to reach high temperature air or the steam of degree more than 100.
Solar air-conditioner system is the extremely promising field of of solar thermal utilization, and existing a lot of model engineering operations also have a large amount of systems patent to propose at present.In order to realize overcast and rainy and night also utilizing solar refrigeration, solar air-conditioner system must be with complete heat storage and exchange system, but at present still not with the solar air-conditioner system of heat storage exchanger at actual motion, its main cause is that the solar thermal collector of present solar air-conditioner system can only be heated to water near about in the of 90 ℃, then hot water directly enters lithium-bromide absorption-type refrigerating machine, and the temperature of lithium-bromide absorption-type refrigerating machine thermal source working medium minimum be 80 ℃, if come for lithium-bromide absorption-type refrigerating machine provides the hot water of thermal source working medium more than 80 ℃ with the heat accumulation/exothermic process of thermal storage device, existing heat collector or thermal storage device all can't be finished this task.Although experimental study, engineering development and the patent of a lot of solar energy heat-storage technology have been arranged at present both at home and abroad, and the heat accumulating that uses is also of a great variety, but they focus mostly in solar low-temperature hot water heat accumulation, and use very few at 100 ℃ of solar energy heat-storages to 200 ℃ of intervals.In addition, existing all kinds of thermal storage devices are roughly the same aspect structure and the heat accumulation heat release principle: class methods are to bury heat transfer pipe underground in the heat accumulating in compactness, by heat-conducting mode heat absorption/heat release between heat accumulating and pipeline; Another kind of is that heat accumulating with compactness is enclosed in various pipelines and the container, and pipeline and container are immersed in the heat-exchange working medium.The performance of these thermal storage devices is directly relevant with the thermal conductivity factor of heat accumulating, because heat accumulating nearly all is the low thermal conductivity material now, although adopted various technique heat accumulating thermal conductivity factors and changed the heat exchange pipeline arrangement, the heat exchange property of present all kinds of heat storage exchangers is not high.For this type of thermal storage device, improving the heat accumulating thermal conductivity factor still is a research emphasis now.General method is heat accumulating to be filled into all kinds of foam metals or graphite material forms a kind of compactness thermal energy storage material, and this class composite phase-change heat-storage material research and patent are the main flow of heat accumulating technical patent at present.
In existing phase-change heat-exchange thermal storage device, although the phase-change heat-exchange transferring heat that utilizes heat transfer medium in the thermal storage device is also arranged, all heat accumulating still is to be wrapped in sealing metal pipeline or the sealed metal container, and airtight container is immersed in the heat transfer medium.During heat accumulation, high temperature heat source heating heat transfer medium (liquid) produces pool boiling, and heat enters heat accumulating by the metal wall, and the heat conduction by heat accumulating integral body is at the internal delivery heat.When heat release, heat accumulating is delivered to heat in the heat transfer medium liquid by the metal wall by integral material heat conduction as thermal source, and liquid evaporation is again with heat transferred low-temperature receiver working medium.The inner heat conduction of heat accumulating still is main thermal resistance.In addition, the heat-transfer area of heat accumulating only is the wall surface area of metal wrapping container.And in this patent was studied carefully, the phase-change heat transfer medium directly contacted with graininess heat accumulating packing course, and all the huge surface area of graininess heat accumulating all is heat-transfer area, and the volume of single heat accumulating particle is very little, and inner thermal conduction resistance almost can be ignored.
Find in existing associated solar heat-collecting heat-storage technical literature: publication number is the Chinese patent of CN201032291, name is called: the integral type solar energy heat hydrophone of a kind of solar energy heat-storage unit and formation thereof, it is characterized in that comprising vacuum heat collection pipe and heat accumulation assembly, the heat accumulation assembly is arranged in the vacuum heat collection pipe, and the heat accumulation assembly comprises again sealed tube, water inlet pipe and outlet pipe.Its heat-storage medium is water, belongs to a kind of elementary heat-storage technology, but more representative.In the patent similar to it, heat accumulating can be various phase-change materials, such as paraffin, the mixture of paraffin and other materials etc., such as China Patent Publication No.: CN201327216, denomination of invention is: compound energy solar energy phase transition heat accumulation heating plant, it mainly contains solar energy heat collection pipe, phase-transition heat-storage body, characteristics are that the phase-transition heat-storage body places in the solar energy heat collection pipe, and exit branch places the phase-transition heat-storage body, and water inlet pipe places in the exit branch.What it adopted is paraffin class low temperature solid-liquid phase change material.
Find in existing associated solar air-conditioning system technical literature: China Patent No. is 200620050140.0, patent name: solar air-conditioner system.This patent is comprised of double-effect absorption refrigerating machine and solar thermal collection system two large divisions, and solar thermal collection system is made of solar thermal collector, solar control group, pipeline, solar thermal collector is fixing parabolic panel and be located at the thermal-collecting tube at face focus place, parabolic border on the truss, and thermal-collecting tube is communicated with the high-temperature generator of double-effect absorption refrigerating machine by pipeline, solar control group.This patent is a kind ofly can also can provide higher temperature hot water solar air-conditioning system at the cloudy day.China Patent No. is 200920185550.X, patent name: solar air-conditioner system.This solar air-conditioner system is comprised of heating and refrigeration two parts, and heating provides thermal source by solar thermal collector, directly provides hot water to interior radiator by solar thermal collector; And the electric power that refrigeration provides solar energy to change by the photovoltaic electroplax, to the vaporizing type air conditioner power supply, by the vaporizing type air conditioner cooling.These two patents have represented the mainstream technology of present solar air-conditioner system substantially, are characterized in; The heat collector heat-collecting temperature is lower, and the hot water supply refrigeration machine directly is provided, and does not have thermal storage device or only symbolically with a low temperature thermal storage device.
In addition, Chinese patent authorized, that held by the applicant, patent No. ZL 200910311344.3, patent of invention title: vacuum-tube sleeve combined dual-purpose solar heater, it is a kind of middle temperature solar heat collector that is formed by CPC collecting plate and all-glass vacuum thermal-collecting tube, this heat collector thermal efficiency is high and stable, and steam more than 120 ℃ can be provided in the whole year.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, warm thermal storage device in a kind of phase inversion pattern of fever is provided, it adopts solid-liquid phase change material as the intermediate medium of heat accumulation, and utilizes the phase-change heat-exchange transferring heat of this intermediate medium, thereby reaches the effect that improves the thermal storage device exchange capability of heat, increases the service life; The present invention also provides a kind of middle temperature solar air-conditioning system and a kind of preparation method who consists of the heat accumulating of warm thermal storage device in the described phase inversion pattern of fever who uses warm thermal storage device in the described phase inversion pattern of fever.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
Warm thermal storage device in a kind of phase inversion pattern of fever; it is a sealing pressure vessel; comprise casing; a plurality of circle framves; screen cloth; accumulation of heat accumulation horizon and heat exchanger tube; described a plurality of circle frame flatly is fixed in respectively on the inwall of described lower box; described a plurality of screen cloth is positioned over respectively and respectively encloses on the frame; described accumulation of heat accumulation horizon is layed in respectively on each screen cloth; this accumulation of heat accumulation horizon is mixed by composite phase-change heat-storage material and the grains of sand; described heat exchanger tube is arranged in the inner chamber on casing top; the tube chamber of this heat exchanger tube and the inside of casing isolated and with the casing exterior, wherein flowing has heat-conducting work medium.
Described composite phase-change heat-storage material is graininess, and it is comprised of organobentonite and the Ployethylene Wax mass ratio by 2.2: 1, perhaps is comprised of organobentonite and the low density polyethylene (LDPE) mass ratio by 2: 1.
Warm thermal storage device uses water and steam as its phase-change heat transfer working medium in the described phase inversion pattern of fever, and this phase-change heat transfer working medium directly realizes phase-change heat-exchange in the surface evaporation of graininess composite phase-change heat-storage material or condensation; In the heat accumulation stage, warm thermal storage device is an opening running system in the phase inversion pattern of fever, the water vapour that heat collector provides flows into warm thermal storage device in this phase inversion pattern of fever, and by condensation heat release in the accumulation of heat accumulation horizon, the condensation latent heat of steam is absorbed by described composite phase-change heat-storage material and stores; In exothermic phase, close warm thermal storage device terminal valve in the described phase inversion pattern of fever, warm thermal storage device in the original open phase inversion pattern of fever is become enclosure space, the water of described composite phase-change heat-storage material surface attachment is heated to be steam, this steam rises to the heat exchanger tube surface condensation, heat-conducting work medium in the heating heat exchanger tube, and steam again is condensed into water droplet and falls in the accumulation of heat accumulation horizon; Move in circles thus and finish heat transmission between described composite phase-change heat-storage material and heat exchanger tube.
Another technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of preparation method of the composite phase-change heat-storage material for described phase inversion pattern of fever temperature thermal storage device, it is characterized in that: with organobentonite and Ployethylene Wax by 2.2: have the heating container of agitating device to heat to stir while put into one after the preparation of 1 mass ratio, keep this temperature to stir after being heated to 160 ℃ 1 hour, the Ployethylene Wax of dissolving is all adsorbed by organobentonite, and obtaining at last average grain diameter is the granular composite phase-change heat-storage material of 3mm.
Another technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of middle temperature solar air-conditioning system that is consisted of by warm thermal storage device in the described phase inversion pattern of fever, it comprises middle temperature solar heat collector, warm thermal storage device in the phase inversion pattern of fever, refrigeration machine, back water pump, heat-exchanger pump and storage tank, described middle temperature solar heat collector is vacuum-tube sleeve combined dual-purpose solar heater, the import of temperature solar heat collector is connected with described storage tank by back water pump in being somebody's turn to do, and its outlet is connected with warm thermal storage device in the described phase inversion pattern of fever by the water vapour valve, described storage tank is connected with warm thermal storage device in the described phase inversion pattern of fever by flowing water Valve, heat exchanger tube one end of warm thermal storage device is connected with refrigeration machine by heat-exchanger pump in the described phase inversion pattern of fever, and the other end directly is connected with refrigeration machine.
Compare by the thermal storage device of compactness heat accumulating heat conduction heat exchange with existing, the heat transmission of warm thermal storage device heat absorption and release process is to be undertaken by the phase transformation variation of intermediate medium in the thermal storage device in the phase inversion pattern of fever of the present invention, the heat conduction that its heat exchange principle is not heat accumulating, but come transferring heat by the phase-change heat-exchange of intermediate medium, so this patent is referred to as warm thermal storage device in the phase inversion pattern of fever.Therefore warm thermal storage device can reach following beneficial effect in the phase inversion pattern of fever of the present invention:
(1) not only the coefficient of heat transfer own is high for the phase-change heat-exchange mode, and composite phase-change heat-storage material surface integral heat exchange area is very large, can realize very high heat accumulation and exothermal efficiency, the temperature difference between heat accumulating and the heat exchanging pipe can be ignored, heat transfer resistance between the two is than low 2 orders of magnitude of traditional heat-conducting type heat accumulating, and therefore the exchange capability of heat of thermal storage device of the present invention is very excellent.
(2) heat accumulating is a kind of composite phase-change material, is placed in the thermal storage device with the Porous graininess, and the heat conductivility of heat accumulating and heat accumulation/exothermic character are irrelevant, so thermal storage device does not have special requirement to the heat conductivility of heat accumulating.
(3) Ployethylene Wax in the composite phase-change heat-storage material with the nanoscale yardstick be adsorbed seal up for safekeeping bentonitic nano intercalated in, therefore in phase transition process repeatedly, spillover can not occur, thereby guarantee the use repeatly life-span that it is long-term.
(4) heat exchanging pipe is installed arbitrarily, does not need any enhancements, and it is also very simple that the accumulation of heat accumulation horizon is laid replacing, therefore has advantage simple in structure, easy to manufacture.
Middle temperature solar air-conditioning system of the present invention is that warm compound solid-liquid phase change material accumulation of heat/heat release and three kinds of technology of phase-change thermal storage heat exchanger are all over the body the solar air-conditioner system that is used for round-the-clock running in a kind of comprehensive high-efficiency solar energy vacuum tube thermal-arrest and the graininess, is characterized in:
(1) temperature solar heat collector is comprised of CPC collecting plate and common vacuum glass heat collection tube in, can provide middle temperature steam about 120 ℃ as high-quality thermal source working medium.
(2) the steam working medium of heat collector does not directly enter refrigeration machine, is condensed into water after the thermal storage device heat release and flows back to heat collector again but enter, and forms a loop; And refrigeration machine working medium is absorbed heat in thermal storage device by heat exchanger tube, form another loop, therefore two kinds of working medium form isolated double loop in thermal storage device, and heat accumulating is in respectively the interior different space of warm thermal storage device in the phase inversion pattern of fever with heat exchanging pipe and directly contacts.
(3) with the supporting phase inversion pattern of fever of described middle temperature solar air-conditioning refrigeration system in warm thermal storage device can be provided for by day 120 ℃ of steam of solar airconditioning, water vapour about 110 ℃ is provided evening, in order to heating and cooling machine hot water, the refrigerator operation needs have been satisfied; The raising of thermal storage device heat exchange property can reduce the temperature of heat collector working medium as far as possible, increases substantially thereby the solar thermal utilization rate of whole middle temperature solar air-conditioning system has been had.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of warm thermal storage device in the phase inversion pattern of fever of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of middle temperature solar air-conditioning system of the present invention.
Among the figure,
Temperature solar heat collector in 1, warm thermal storage device in the 2 phase inversion patterns of fever, 3 refrigeration machines, 4 back water pumps, 5 heat-exchanger pumps, 6 storage tanks, 7 casings, 8 water vapour imports, 9 water vapour valves, 10 delivery ports, 11 flowing water Valves, 12 heat exchanger tubes, 13 heat exchanger tube bracing frames, 14 circle framves, 15 screen clothes, 16 accumulation of heat accumulation horizons, 17 insulation materials, 18 safety valves, 19 Pressure gauges, 20 temperature sensors, 21 discharge openings, 22 charge of air mouths, 23 charging valves.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are elaborated, present embodiment has provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process under take technical scheme of the present invention as prerequisite, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
See also Fig. 1, the sealing pressure vessel that warm thermal storage device 2 is a stainless steel in the diagram phase inversion pattern of fever comprises casing 7, a plurality of circle frame 14, screen cloth 15, accumulation of heat accumulation horizon 16 and heat exchanger tube 12.
In the present embodiment, described casing 7 is a diameter 1.2m, height overall 1.5m, and the stainless steel cylindrical vessel of wall thickness 3mm, its periphery is enclosed with insulation material 17; These casing 7 tops are respectively equipped with water vapour valve 9 and the water vapour import 8 that connects successively, and the Pressure gauge 19, temperature sensor 20 and the safety valve 18 that connect successively; Casing 7 belows are respectively equipped with discharge opening 21, and the flowing water Valve 11 and the delivery port 10 that connect successively; Also being provided with the air intake valve 23 and the charge of air mouth 22 that connect successively on the outer wall of described casing 7, is that 2 atmospheric air are with the mineralization pressure environment in order to be filled with air pressure to casing 7 inside.Described a plurality of circle frame 14 is annular, and it flatly is fixedly welded on respectively on the inwall of described casing 7 bottoms.Described a plurality of screen cloth 15 is positioned over respectively and respectively encloses on the frame 14, and this screen cloth 15 is made by corrosion resistant plate and 200 purpose stainless steel cloths.Described accumulation of heat accumulation horizon 16 is layed in respectively on each screen cloth 15, and this accumulation of heat accumulation horizon 16 is the Porous accumulation horizons that mixed by composite phase-change heat-storage material and the grains of sand, and steam and water can pass through silk screen, and heat-storing material can not leak; The about 50mm of these accumulation of heat accumulation horizon 16 thickness, its number of plies is decided as required.Described heat exchanger tube 12 is arranged in the inner chamber on casing 7 tops, is suspended in the top of accumulation of heat accumulation horizon 16 by being fixed in heat exchanger tube bracing frame 13 on casing 7 inwalls; The inside of the tube chamber of this heat exchanger tube 12 and casing 7 isolated and with casing 7 exterior, the heat-conducting work medium that the oriented refrigeration machine that wherein flows provides; Shape, caliber and the length of pipe of heat exchanger tube 12 pipelines can be set as required.
Described composite phase-change heat-storage material is graininess, and its phase transition temperature is at 110 ℃, to its heat conductivility without specific (special) requirements.In the present embodiment, this composite phase-change heat-storage material is comprised of organobentonite and the Ployethylene Wax mass ratio by 2.2: 1.
Warm thermal storage device 2 uses water and steam as its phase-change heat transfer working medium in the described phase inversion pattern of fever, and this phase-change heat transfer working medium directly realizes phase-change heat-exchange in the surface evaporation of graininess composite phase-change heat-storage material or condensation; In the heat accumulation stage, warm thermal storage device 2 is opening running systems in the phase inversion pattern of fever, the water vapour that heat collector provides flows into warm thermal storage device 2 in this phase inversion pattern of fever, and by the 16 interior condensation heat releases of accumulation of heat accumulation horizon, the condensation latent heat of steam is absorbed by described composite phase-change heat-storage material and stores; In exothermic phase, close the terminal valve of warm thermal storage device 2 in the described phase inversion pattern of fever, warm thermal storage device 2 in the original open phase inversion pattern of fever is become enclosure space, the water of described composite phase-change heat-storage material surface attachment is heated to be steam, this steam rises to heat exchanger tube 12 surface condensations, heat-conducting work medium in the heating heat exchanger tube 12, and steam again is condensed into water droplet and falls in the accumulation of heat accumulation horizon 16; Move in circles thus and finish the heat transmission of 12 of described composite phase-change heat-storage material and heat exchanger tubes.
Different Tissuemat Es according to manufacturer have different fusing points and latent heat of phase change, and roughly between 95 ℃ to 118 ℃, produce such as Japan is 113 ℃ to fusing point, and it is about in the of 118 ℃ that Korea S produces.The used Tissuemat E of this patent is provided by domestic certain producer, and table 1 has been listed the physical property of its commercially available polyethylene wax.Tissuemat E physical property after being combined into composite phase-change heat-storage material with organobentonite does not almost change.
The physical characteristic of table 1 Ployethylene Wax
The bentonite physical property also has larger variation with the difference of producer, but very little on the thermal storage performance impact of composite phase-change heat-storage material itself.The below provides the general physical property of bentonite of certain manufacturer production: specific heat 0.78KJ/ (KgK), thermal conductivity factor 0.83W/ (mK), density 2g/cm3, apparent viscosity 24mPas, smectite content 〉=95%, whiteness 88, expansion multiple 23, hardness 2.8, several 400 orders of granularity/order, shape white fine powder, pH value 6-7.
When organobentonite with after the Tissuemat E bi-material mixes, the fusing point of composite phase-change heat-storage material, freezing point and latent heat of phase change almost do not change.Test is found, behind heating-condensing repeatedly 3 times, the quality flood rate of composite phase-change heat-storage material (the phase-change material mass ratio before heating/cooled phase-change material quality and the heating/cooling) is about 3%, after this continue repeatedly heating and cooling, the quality flood rate is almost nil, has shown the reusable performance of this composite phase-change heat-storage material excellence.
The preparation method of above-mentioned composite phase-change heat-storage material is as follows: with organobentonite and Ployethylene Wax by 2.2: have the heating container of agitating device to heat to stir while put into one after the preparation of 1 mass ratio, keep this temperature to stir after being heated to 160 ℃ 1 hour, the Ployethylene Wax of dissolving is all adsorbed by organobentonite, and obtaining at last average grain diameter is the granular composite phase-change heat-storage material of 3mm.Can break into pieces gently with wooden mallet a small amount of bulky grain material, described heating-up temperature and material mixed proportion are very large on the impact of composite phase-change heat-storage material apparent property, need to pay close attention to.
Described heat accumulating namely needs to have certain water storage to guarantee again gas permeability simultaneously, because organobentonite is hydrophobic material, thereby the composite phase-change heat-storage material surface is hydrophobic.For water storage and the gas permeability that increases composite phase-change heat-storage material, after composite phase-change heat-storage material and a small amount of fine sand mixing, again putting into heating container stirs while heating, keep this temperature to stir after being heated to 160 ℃ 1 hour, overwhelming majority fine sand will stick to and form the water-wetted surface structure on the composite phase-change heat-storage material particle surface, thereby be prepared into accumulation of heat accumulation horizon 16, the accumulation of heat accumulation horizon 16 that obtains behind the experiment measuring is stacked voidage and is about 40%.
Described composite phase-change heat-storage material also can be comprised of organobentonite and the low density polyethylene (LDPE) mass ratio by 2: 1, and its preparation method and said method are roughly the same.
The operation principle of warm thermal storage device 2 is as follows in the described phase inversion pattern of fever: by day, the steam temperature that heat collector provides (about 120 ℃) is higher than composite phase-change heat-storage material phase transition temperature (about 110 ℃), part steam is in heat exchanger tube 12 condensed exterior heat releases, thereby the cooling hot water that flows through in the pipeline is heated, and hot water is periodic duty in refrigeration machine; Most of steam is in the 16 internal condensation heat releases of accumulation of heat accumulation horizon in addition, and the condensation latent heat of steam is absorbed by composite phase-change heat-storage material, and composite phase-change heat-storage material becomes liquid phase by solid phase.And at night, close each terminal valve of warm thermal storage device 2 in the phase inversion pattern of fever, warm thermal storage device 2 in the original open phase inversion pattern of fever is become enclosure space, the cooling hot water that still circulate in the heat exchanger tube 12 this moment ceaselessly absorbs heat in the water vapor condensation process in the warm thermal storage device 2 from the phase inversion pattern of fever, warm thermal storage device 2 interior water vapours constantly continue to be condensed into water droplet in the phase inversion pattern of fever, steam quality reduces, and warm thermal storage device 2 interior steam pressures and temperature will drop to below the phase transition temperature (110 ℃) of composite phase-change heat-storage material gradually in the phase inversion pattern of fever; Composite phase-change heat-storage material begins phase transformation heat release (liquid state becomes solid-state) after this, the water of graininess composite phase-change heat-storage material surface attachment is heated to be steam, these steam rise to heat exchanger tube 12 surface condensations, mobile hot water (temperature is increased to 90 ℃ by 85 ℃) in the heating heat exchanger tube 12, and being condensed into water droplet again, falls in the accumulation of heat accumulation horizon 16 steam, so move in circles, finish the heat transmission of 12 of composite phase-change heat-storage material and heat exchanger tubes.This heat transfer mechanism is very similar to heat pipe heat exchanging mechanism.Warm thermal storage device 2 utilizes the heat pipe heat exchanging characteristic to realize very high heat accumulation and exothermal efficiency in the described phase inversion pattern of fever, and the heat transfer resistance between its composite phase-change heat-storage material and the heat exchanger tube 12 is than low 1 to 2 order of magnitude of heat accumulating heat conduction heat exchange mode.Simultaneously, the graininess composite phase-change heat-storage material is full of water and steam, the phase-change heat-exchange process is carried out in accumulation of heat accumulation horizon 16 everywhere simultaneously, the effective heat transfer area of particle surface is very large, so that the phase-change heat transfer ability of warm thermal storage device 2 is very excellent in the phase inversion pattern of fever, the temperature difference between composite phase-change heat-storage material and the heat exchanger tube 12 almost can be ignored, and the temperature difference of composite phase-change heat-storage material granule interior also almost can be ignored.
In the heat accumulation and exothermic process of warm thermal storage device 2, the temperature of warm thermal storage device 2 interior water vapours is different (steam temperature is about 120 ℃ during heat accumulation, and steam temperature is about 110 ℃ during heat release) in the phase inversion pattern of fever in the phase inversion pattern of fever.Therefore and heat exchanger tube 12 interior hot water temperatures will keep stable, will regulate water flow velocity in the heat exchanger tube 12 by the loop flow of regulating heat exchanger tube 12 pipelines with night by day, to guarantee identical heat exchange power.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of middle temperature solar air-conditioning system of the present invention.The temperature solar air-conditioning system comprises warm thermal storage device 2, refrigeration machine 3, back water pump 4, heat-exchanger pump 5 and storage tank 6 in middle temperature solar heat collector 1, the phase inversion pattern of fever in the diagram.The import of described middle temperature solar heat collector 1 is connected with described storage tank 6 by back water pump 4, and its outlet is connected with warm thermal storage device 2 in the described phase inversion pattern of fever by water vapour valve 9, described storage tank 6 is connected with warm thermal storage device 2 in the described phase inversion pattern of fever by flowing water Valve 11, heat exchanger tube 12 1 ends of warm thermal storage device 2 are connected with refrigeration machine 3 by heat-exchanger pump 5 in the described phase inversion pattern of fever, and the other end directly is connected with refrigeration machine 3.
Described middle temperature solar heat collector 1 is vacuum-tube sleeve combined dual-purpose solar heater, and this vacuum-tube sleeve combined dual-purpose solar heater is Chinese patent (patent of invention title authorized, that held by the applicant; Vacuum-tube sleeve combined dual-purpose solar heater, patent No. ZL 200910311344.3), be a kind of middle high-temperature bearing formula heat collector that is formed by CPC collecting plate and all-glass vacuum thermal-collecting tube.This heat collector 1 can provide the water vapour more than 120 ℃ to be used as the refrigeration thermal source to absorption type air-conditioner refrigeration machine 3 by day, simultaneously the composite phase-change heat-storage materials in the warm thermal storage device 2 absorb and store waste heat in the phase inversion pattern of fever, and warm thermal storage device 2 can provide 110 ℃ of water vapours to be used as the refrigeration thermal source to absorption type air-conditioner refrigeration machine 3 in the night phase inversion pattern of fever.The quality of the size of warm thermal storage device 2, volume and use composite phase-change heat-storage material is decided according to the power of whole solar air-conditioner system in the described phase inversion pattern of fever, and total system can comprise warm thermal storage device 2 in several phase inversion patterns of fever in parallel.
The power of the refrigeration machine 3 of present embodiment is 7.5kW, efficient 0.75.Calculated in 8 hours by working in 8 hours 2 working times of temperature solar heat collector in daytime, night, the power output of corresponding middle temperature solar heat collector 2 is greater than 20kW, wherein 10kW is directly used in the refrigeration on daytime, warm thermal storage device 2 gets up remaining thermal energy storage for working 8 hours nights in the phase inversion pattern of fever, quantity of heat storage is greater than 384000kJ, and the quality of required Ployethylene Wax is about 1500kg.
The diameter of warm thermal storage device 2 is 1.2m in the phase inversion pattern of fever, height overall 1.5m, quantity is warm thermal storage device 2 in the phase inversion pattern of fever of 5 same sizes, warm thermal storage device 2 uses Ployethylene Wax 300kg in each phase inversion pattern of fever, be layed in respectively 10 screen clothes, pile up 30kg on each screen cloth.Composite phase-change heat-storage material adopts organobentonite and Ployethylene Wax to prepare by 2.2: 1 mass ratio, gross mass is near 5000kg, the granular size of composite phase-change heat-storage material is about 3mm, the voidage of accumulation of heat accumulation horizon 16 remains on about 30%-40%, is beneficial to absorb moisture and sees through steam.
The heat exchanger tube 12 of refrigeration machine 3 passes through warm thermal storage device 2 in each phase inversion pattern of fever with series system, according to calculating, heat exchanger tube 12 adopts internal diameter 12mm, the copper pipe of overall length 20m, be to need only the long heat exchanger tube 12 of 2m in the warm thermal storage device 2 in each phase inversion pattern of fever, generally adopt a U-shaped pipe to get final product.The lift of heat-exchanger pump 5 is 20m, and a 50W small-power water pump just can meet the demands.
After the total system installation and debugging are finished, be filled with air in the phase inversion pattern of fever in the warm thermal storage device 2 by charge of air mouth 22 and air intake valve 23 and make that warm thermal storage device 2 and middle temperature solar heat collector 1 loine pressure reach 2 atmospheric pressure in the phase inversion pattern of fever, to guarantee that water is heated to about 120 degree in middle temperature solar heat collector 1, explosive evaporation is to enter warm thermal storage device 2 in the phase-change heat-exchange type behind the water vapour, because steam temperature must be higher than the phase transition temperature (110 ℃) of composite phase-change heat-storage material, water vapour just can be condensed at last subcooled water and flow back to storage tank 6, is squeezed into middle temperature solar heat collector 1 by back water pump 4 again and finishes circulation; Otherwise if steam temperature is lower than the phase transition temperature of composite phase-change heat-storage material, water vapour will be back in storage tank 6 and the back water pump 4, thereby cause back water pump 4 to stop up.For avoiding this situation to occur, the storing amount of actual composite phase-change heat-storage material should be more more than calculated value.
The course of work of described middle temperature solar air-conditioning system is as follows:
Warm 2 heat accumulation stages of thermal storage device in the phase inversion pattern of fever by day, opening back water pump 4 supplies water to middle temperature solar heat collector 1, temperature solar heat collector 1 absorbs in the solar radiant energy quilt, add and pine for mobile water in temperature solar heat collector 1 pipe, subcooled water finally is evaporated to water vapour in the outlet of middle temperature solar heat collector 1, warm thermal storage device 2 provides about 2 atmospheric pressure 120 ℃ water vapour in the phase inversion pattern of fever.Then open the water supply circulatory system of refrigeration machine 3, regulate heat-exchanger pump 5 flows, guarantee that refrigeration machine 3 supply water temperatures are between 90 ℃ to 95 ℃.The water vapour of middle temperature solar heat collector 1 enters in the phase inversion pattern of fever behind the warm thermal storage device 2 through heat exchanger tube 12 surfaces with by accumulation of heat accumulation horizon 16, mobile hot water in part water vapour and the heat exchanger tube 12 carries out heat exchange, become the saturation water drippage at heat exchanger tube 12 surface condensations, most of water vapor is by composite phase-change heat-storage material and carry out with it heat exchange, becomes saturation water at the composite phase-change heat-storage material surface condensation.In the phase inversion pattern of fever warm thermal storage device 2 below in the accumulation of heat accumulation horizon 16, the saturation water heat release becomes subcooled water, these subcooled waters are drawn back middle temperature solar heat collector 1 by back water pump 4 and are finished the heat collector working medium circulation.When beginning, process regulates the water supply flow of back water pump 4, make the inlet steam temperature of warm thermal storage device 2 in the phase inversion pattern of fever a little more than the corresponding water saturation temperature of warm thermal storage device 2 internal pressures in the phase inversion pattern of fever, be that water vapour should reach the dry saturated steam degree, as long as steam temperature is higher than the composite phase-change heat-storage material phase transition temperature when after this moving.
Warm thermal storage device 2 exothermic phase in night phase inversion pattern of fever, the terminal valve of closing warm thermal storage device 2 in the phase inversion pattern of fever forms enclosure space.Because the confession water circulation of refrigeration machine 3 is still in operation, refrigeration machine working medium is still in heat exchanger tube 12 interior mobile heat absorptions, so the residue water vapour in the phase inversion pattern of fever in the warm thermal storage device 2 is in heat exchanger tube 12 constantly condensation heat releases of surface, water vapour quality in the phase inversion pattern of fever in the warm thermal storage device 2 reduces, steam pressure descends, and warm thermal storage device 2 interior steam temperatures also constantly descend in the corresponding phase inversion pattern of fever.After drop in temperature arrives below the phase transition temperature (110 ℃) of composite phase-change heat-storage material, composite phase-change heat-storage material begins the phase transformation heat release, the water that heats its surface adhesion becomes the water vapour about 110 ℃, these water vapours rise rear and heat exchanger tube 12 carries out heat exchange, be condensed into water droplet again and fall in 16 layers of the accumulation of heat accumulation horizons, so circulation realizes the heat transmission between composite phase-change heat-storage material and the heat exchanger tube 12 interior circulating waters repeatedly.At this moment because the temperature difference between water vapour and refrigeration machine 3 supply water temperatures reduces, and heat transfer property reduces, thereby in order to guarantee refrigeration machine 3 supply water temperatures still about 90 ℃, the discharge of the suitable manual adjustments refrigeration machine 3 of needs.
When middle temperature solar heat collector 1 is worked by day, warm thermal storage device 2 terminal valves are opened in the phase inversion pattern of fever, warm thermal storage device 2 forms a circulation stream with middle temperature solar heat collector 1 heating tube in the phase inversion pattern of fever, flows out hot water temperature solar heat collector 1 in back water pump 4 blowbacks of warm thermal storage device 2 in the phase inversion pattern of fever.When temperature solar heat collector 1 is not worked in night, close warm thermal storage device 2 terminal valves in the phase inversion pattern of fever, make it to form closed container.
Middle temperature solar air-conditioning refrigeration system in the present embodiment and with it in the supporting phase inversion pattern of fever warm thermal storage device 2 can be provided for by day 120 ℃ of steam of solar airconditioning, provide evening 110 ℃ of left and right sides water vapours to use hot water with heating and cooling machine 3, satisfy refrigeration machine 3 operation needs.Warm thermal storage device 2 utilizes the huge heating surface of Porous composite phase-change heat-storage material and heat pipe phase-change heat-exchange technology to realize very high heat accumulation and exothermal efficiency in the described phase inversion pattern of fever, heat transfer resistance between its composite phase-change heat-storage material and the heat exchanger tube 12 is than low 2 orders of magnitude of traditional heat-conducting type heat accumulating, and the temperature difference between composite phase-change heat-storage material and heat exchanger tube 12 pipelines can be ignored.The raising of warm thermal storage device 2 performances can make the Temperature of Working reduce of middle temperature solar heat collector 1 in the phase inversion pattern of fever, thereby increases substantially the solar thermal utilization rate of total system.
Claims (7)
1. warm thermal storage device in the phase inversion pattern of fever; it is characterized in that: described middle temperature thermal storage device is a pressure vessel; it comprises casing; a plurality of circle framves; screen cloth; accumulation of heat accumulation horizon and heat exchanger tube; described a plurality of circle frame flatly is fixed in respectively on the inwall of described lower box; described a plurality of screen cloth is positioned over respectively and respectively encloses on the frame; described accumulation of heat accumulation horizon is layed in respectively on each screen cloth; this accumulation of heat accumulation horizon is mixed by composite phase-change heat-storage material and the grains of sand; described heat exchanger tube is arranged in the inner chamber on casing top; the tube chamber of this heat exchanger tube and the inside of casing isolated and with the casing exterior, wherein flowing has heat-conducting work medium.
2. warm thermal storage device in the phase inversion pattern of fever according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described composite phase-change heat-storage material is graininess, it is comprised of organobentonite and the Ployethylene Wax mass ratio by 2.2: 1.
3. warm thermal storage device in the phase inversion pattern of fever according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described composite phase-change heat-storage material is graininess, it is comprised of organobentonite and the low density polyethylene (LDPE) mass ratio by 2: 1.
4. warm thermal storage device in the phase inversion pattern of fever according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: use water and steam as the phase-change heat transfer working medium in the warm thermal storage device in the described phase inversion pattern of fever, this phase-change heat transfer working medium directly realizes phase-change heat-exchange in the surface evaporation of graininess composite phase-change heat-storage material or condensation; In the heat accumulation stage, warm thermal storage device is an opening running system in the phase inversion pattern of fever, the water vapour that heat collector provides flows into warm thermal storage device in this phase inversion pattern of fever, and by condensation heat release in the accumulation of heat accumulation horizon, the condensation latent heat of steam is absorbed by described composite phase-change heat-storage material and stores; In exothermic phase, close warm thermal storage device terminal valve in the described phase inversion pattern of fever, warm thermal storage device in the original open phase inversion pattern of fever is become enclosure space, the water of described composite phase-change heat-storage material surface attachment is heated to be steam, this steam rises to the heat exchanger tube surface condensation, heat-conducting work medium in the heating heat exchanger tube, and steam again is condensed into water droplet and falls in the accumulation of heat accumulation horizon; Move in circles thus and finish heat transmission between described composite phase-change heat-storage material and heat exchanger tube.
5. preparation method who is used for the composite phase-change heat-storage material of the described phase inversion pattern of fever of claim 2 temperature thermal storage device, it is characterized in that: with organobentonite and Ployethylene Wax by 2.2: have the heating container of agitating device to heat to stir while put into one after the preparation of 1 mass ratio, keep this temperature to stir after being heated to 160 ℃ 1 hour, the Ployethylene Wax of dissolving is all adsorbed by organobentonite, and obtaining at last average grain diameter is the granular composite phase-change heat-storage material of 3mm.
6. middle temperature solar air-conditioning system that is consisted of by warm thermal storage device in the phase inversion pattern of fever claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described solar air-conditioner system comprises middle temperature solar heat collector, warm thermal storage device in the phase inversion pattern of fever, refrigeration machine, back water pump, heat-exchanger pump and storage tank, the import of described middle temperature solar heat collector is connected with described storage tank by back water pump, and its outlet is connected with warm thermal storage device in the described phase inversion pattern of fever by the water vapour valve, described storage tank is connected with warm thermal storage device in the described phase inversion pattern of fever by flowing water Valve, heat exchanger tube one end of warm thermal storage device is connected with refrigeration machine by heat-exchanger pump in the described phase inversion pattern of fever, and the other end directly is connected with refrigeration machine.
7. middle temperature solar air-conditioning system according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described middle temperature solar heat collector is vacuum-tube sleeve combined dual-purpose solar heater.
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