WO2017086813A1

WO2017086813A1 - Reservoir accumulating thermal energy and manner of the service of the reservoir accumulating the thermal energy

Info

Publication number: WO2017086813A1
Application number: PCT/PL2016/000121
Authority: WO
Inventors: Maciej BARGIEL
Original assignee: TNK PROJEKT, Maciej Bargiel
Priority date: 2015-11-18
Filing date: 2016-11-07
Publication date: 2017-05-26
Also published as: PL414847A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to the reservoir accumulating thermal energy, intended for cooperation with the system of acquiring solar heat and with system of receivers of the heat in the building, suitable for putting in the immediate vicinity of said building. The reservoir has a central chamber (2) containing the carrier of thermal energy, in addition to a two-phase mixture, containing the moving phase which is water liquid, which is a carrier of the thermal energy and the phase fundamentally immobile which is the sandy fraction. In this chamber the grains (6) of immobile phase create the fixed porous structure separating the interior space of the chamber (2) with producing numerous connected micro spaces (7) filled up with the movable phase, with limiting the convection exchange of the heat within the movable phase. The invention regards also a manner of the service of the mentioned reservoir accumulating thermal energy.

Description

Reservoir accumulating thermal energy

and manner of the service of the reservoir accumulating the thermal energy

The invention concerns the reservoir accumulating thermal energy, intended for the cooperation with the system of acquiring solar heat and the system of receivers of the heat in the building, and the manner of the service of the reservoir accumulating thermal energy.

Systems of gaining solar heat cooperating with reservoirs accumulating thermal energy are generally known. Reservoirs accumulating thermal energy are filled up or are integrally delivered with carrier material of thermal energy, liquid and/or solid, capable to store and to release the accumulated heat, or capable to store and to release the accumulated heat with using the phase change liquid-solid body.

U.S. 4,338,919 patent specification is revealing the solar system of gaining energy, in which particulate material is a carrier taking the thermal energy. The system is equipped with a heat exchanger, in which the heat is transmitted from grain material to another carrier. The transport of the grain carrier is being carried out with using a system of transporters. As the example and favourably particulate materials can be such of sand, rock material, aluminium oxide, limestone, glass pearls, plastic pearls of plastics, sodium sulphate and ten-water sodium sulphate. Favourably, the average grain size is of 0.1-1.0 mm.

The PL 183921 Patent specification concerns the energy device for buildings. The device contains solar absorbers, heat exchangers and thermal accumulators. The thermal accumulator with solid material is put beneath the building and favourably constitutes a bed of gravel or silica, at least 60 cm thick. Additionally, in the central space of the thermal accumulator with solid material steel trusses, pressed car scrap or similar material having greatest specific heat capacity, are placed. Water circulates in the pipes distributed within the thermal accumulator. The thermal accumulator with solid material is divided into at least two spaces, while the central space has a higher temperature. Further segmentation of the thermal accumulator is into three spaces: central space, middle space surrounding the central space and outside space surrounding the central space lets for more thorough diversifying temperature levels of individual spaces of the accumulator.

Application description P. 394405 concerns the invention of buffer multi-chamber solar heat reservoir which consists of two or more chambers. Chambers of the reservoir are placed one by one and joined together with overfall, but mutually separated with a layer of thermal insulation. Feed and taking out of water from individual chambers is effected via the joint tubular installation.

International publication WO 2009/105736 reveals the system of storing heat containing a mass of porous material, a liquid carrier, a pump system and a system of supplying and collecting the liquid. Between the liquid and mass of porous material a heat transfer occurs. The system contains a lot of vertical reservoirs plunged in material and connected with horizontal pipes. The mass of porous material is located in numerous spaces between reservoirs and pipes, and in the beneficial realization can be sprinkled with water for accelerating the heat exchange. According to the invention, spaces for the circulation of carrier liquid (reservoirs and pipes) and spaces for the mass of porous material, if necessary sprinkled with water, are separated.

Delivering the reservoir accumulating thermal energy, intended for the cooperation with the system of acquiring solar heat and the system of receivers of heat in the building is the aim of the invention, and of the manner of the service of the reservoir accumulating the thermal energy.

Reservoir accumulating the thermal energy, intended for cooperation with the system of acquiring solar heat and the system of receivers of the heat in the building, for putting in the immediate vicinity of the building, having an at least one limited chamber with the upper wall, the bottom wall and the at least one sidewall, according to the invention, is characterized by the fact that it has a central chamber containing the carrier of the thermal energy, as two- phase mixture, containing the moving phase which is water liquid, and immobile phase of sandy fraction as the carrier of thermal energy. In this chamber of the grains of the fixed phase is created a porous structure separating the interior space of the chamber with producing numerous connected micro spaces filled up with the movable phase, with the restriction of convection heat exchange within the movable phase. Water liquid phase is chosen from the group of containing filtered water, water from the water supply system, water treated for applying in the heating installations and demineralized water. Favourably, water liquid contains additives treatment and stabilizing anticoagulant selected from the group of biocides and preventers of scale formation. In particular, an ethylene or propylene glycol are an anticoagulant in addition.

Favourably, dry-screened or rinsed high-quartz sand, fundamentally deprived of grains covering 0.125 mm through the sieve is a sandy fraction. In particular, high-quartz sand is a sandy fraction of such granulating, that at least the 95% of grains is stopped on the sieve 0.25. Especially, filter sand is the sandy fraction.

The centre chamber in the upper wall has at least one connector pipe put centrally, for flowing in/flowing out of heated up water liquid, and in the bottom wall has numerous connector pipes arranged extremely outside, in the neighbourhood of at least one sidewall, for flowing in flowing out of cooled water liquid.

Favourably, the reservoir contains the first circumferential chamber placed outside around the centre chamber and in addition the first circumferential chamber in the upper wall has at least one connector pipe arranged in the neighbourhood of the wall separating the centre chamber from the first circumferential chamber, for flowing in/flowing out of heated up water liquid, and in the bottom wall has numerous connector pipes placed extremely externally in the neighbourhood of at least one sidewall of the first circumferential chamber, for flowing in/flowing out of cooled water liquid. In particular, the reservoir contains the second circumferential chamber arranged outside around the first circumferential chamber and in addition the second circumferential chamber in the upper wall has at least one connector pipe located in the neighbourhood of the wall separating the second circumferential chamber from the first circumferential chamber, for flowing in/fiowing out of heated up water liquid, and in the bottom wall has numerous connector pipes arranged extremely outside in the neighbourhood of at least one second sidewall of the circumferential chamber, for flowing in/flowing out of cooled water liquid. The reservoir perhaps contains at least one next chamber arranged circumferentially around the second circumferential chamber, in addition every next chamber in the upper wall has at least one connector pipe located in the neighbourhood of the wall separating the given chamber from the chamber which is surrounding, for flowing in/fiowing out of heated up water liquid, and in the bottom wall has numerous connector pipes arranged extremely outside in the neighbourhood of the outer side wall of the second chamber, for flowing in/flowing out of cooled water liquid. Side and bottom walls of every chamber are supplied with at least one layer of thermally separating material, made of a material of low porosity.

The manual instruction of the reservoir accumulating thermal energy, intended for the cooperation with the system of acquiring solar heat and the system of central heating of the building, which reservoir is intended for putting in the immediate vicimty of the buildmg and has at least one chamber limited by an upper wall, the bottom wall and at least one sidewall, according to the invention is characterised by the fact that a reservoir having a centre chamber containing the carrier of thermal energy is applicable, in addition a two-phase mixture, containing the moving phase which is water liquid, is a carrier of the thermal energy and the phase fundamentally motionless, which the sandy fraction is, which the first chamber of grain of the fixed phase chambers form the porous structure separating the interior space with producing numerous connected micro spaces filled up with the movable phase, with the restriction of convection heat exchange within the movable phase. As water liquid, including water chosen from the group containing filtered water, water of the water supply system, water treated for applying in the heating installations and demineralized water are applicable, and as fractions sandy dry-screened or rinsed sand high-quartz, fundamentally deprived of grains covering 0.125 mm through the sieve are applicable. Favourably, a reservoir having at least the centre chamber, the first circumferential chamber, and the second circumferential chamber are applicable. Each chamber has in the upper wall at least one connector pipe appropriately, for flowing in/flowing out of heated up water liquid, and in the bottom wall every chamber has numerous connector pipes arranged, appropriately, extremely outside, for flowing in/flowing out of cooled water liquid. In particular, in the centre chamber of the reservoir a carrier of the thermal energy is keeping about the temperature from 95°C to 55°C which is applicable for supplying towards systems of preparing domestic warm water and the high-temperature central water heating, in the first circumferential chamber of the reservoir is keeping carrier of the thermal energy about the temperature from 55°C to 25°C which is applicable for supplying low- temperature central water heating, and in the second circumferential chamber of the reservoir - a carrier of the thermal energy is keeping about the temperature below 25°C which is applicable to the heat supply sources for the heat pump, in addition taking a heat carrier is moving with using separate hydraulic systems for individual chambers of the reservoir, or one hydraulic system equipped with valves switching individual powering circumferences is applicable to the liquid connection, appropriately, with the centre chamber, or the first circumferential chamber, or the second circumferential chamber of the reservoir.

One of the typical solutions from the state of the technique is a system of gaining solar heat cooperating with the reservoir accumulating the thermal energy, in which liquid is a carrier of the thermal energy, especially water, if necessary with the content of an anticoagulant factor. Using water as a heat carrier ensures the significant thermal capacity because the value of the thermal capacity of water amounts to c = 4.1 S kJ/kg-K (which value is fundamentally the highest of known substances, if the substances accumulate, giving back thermal energy as a result of phase changes will be omitted). Storing and recovering the heat are carried out by pumping water into subassemblies of the system, with the possible transfer of the heat carried out using appropriate exchangers.

In the system of gaining solar heat, storing the heat is carried out seasonally, i.e. the heat is being accumulated in the warm climatic period, for gradual recovering in the cool climatic period. Long-term storing of the thermal energy in the reservoir results in inevitable losses of the heat caused by exchange of the heat between a heat carrier and walls of the tank and surrounding walls of the tank. For reducing the heat losses, a reservoir with insulated thermally walls, if necessary with walls made of the increased thermal insularity materials, is applicable. However, the scope of the insulation work is limited by outside dimensions of the reservoir and the level of investments associated with making such a reservoir.

The author of this invention unexpectedly stated that irrespective of carrying the thermal insulation out in the essential scope, it is possible to reduce the amount of losses of the thermal energy by limiting the heat transport in the volume of the liquid carrier of the thermal energy, which is carried out by limiting the convection exchange of the heat. Within the specification of the invention and patent restrictions, one should understand by the convection exchange of the heat the process of the transfer operation of the heat resulting from the macroscopic movement of matter in the volume of a heat carrier, in it and the caused movement with convection streams connected with temperature differences between the carrier of the thermal energy. The convection stream is especially caused with a difference of the density of the liquid carrier, such as water, between spaces with different temperatures. Generally it is known that in the temperature range above 4 ° C water with the highest temperature has a smaller density than water with lower temperature, so the occurrence of the thermal gradient in the reservoir containing water results in the gravitational force mixing the contents of reservoir with the precipitated transfer of the heat to cool spaces of the reservoir.

Not limiting the scope of the invention to theoretical deliberations, it can be assumed that in the stationary state convection streams make closed loops - convective cells. A convection cell, in given conditions (determined by the temperature difference and the viscosity of water which can undergo changes to a certain extent, depending on included additions in the water, e.g. anticoagulant, counteracting planting the stone, and the like) has a certain minimal size. If the volume in which water is, is smaller than the minimum size of the convection cell or similar to the size of the convection cell, men the convection current does not arise or is subject to at least partial restriction.

The author of this invention unexpectedly stated, that as a result of using the reservoir accumulating the thermal energy in which a two-phase mixture containing a moving phase (which is liquid water) is a carrier of the thermal energy and containing a phase fundamentally motionless, which is the sandy fraction, separating the internal volume of the reservoir with producing numerous micro spaces is obtained, which micro spaces are fundamentally interfacing with each other and are filled up with the movable phase. Separating the internal volume of the reservoir with producing numerous micro spaces, fundamentally joined to each other, results in limiting the convection exchange of the heat within the movable phase on what indicates the numerous technical results shown and discussed in further part of specification of the invention.

Within the specification of the invention and the claims, the term micro spaces doesn't constitute a special distinguished space but marks the space accessible to the phase movable and filled up with the movable phase, being between bordering grains fundamentally freely of poured sandy fraction in the reservoir. Micro spaces are connected with each other, because the movable phase can move between grains of fundamentally freely poured sandy fraction in the reservoir.

The invention is additionally illustrated with picture on fig. 1, which shows the centre chamber of the reservoir accumulating the thermal energy according to the invention, in the section with the vertical plane, fig. 1 b demonstrates the structure with micro spaces schematically enlarged, which structure fills up the chamber of the reservoir, fig. 2 shows schematic model realization of the tubular probe with the filter - in the section with the vertical plane - which probe is applied in the reservoir accumulating the thermal energy according to the invention, fig. 3 describes the practical realization of the reservoir accumulating the thermal energy according to the invention, in the section with the vertical plane, fig. 4 describes the practical realization of the reservoir accumulating the thermal energy according to the invention, in the section with horizontal plane, fig. 5 presents the hydraulic system containing solar collectors and receivers of the thermal energy, cooperating with the reservoir according to the invention, fig. 6a and 6b show the first measurement system used to describe the invention, fig. 7 presents the graph of changes of temperatures determined by sensors of the first measurement system in water liquid, fig. 7 b presents the graph of changes of temperatures determined by sensors of the first measurement system in mixture water liquid/sandy fraction, fig. 8 presents the second measurement system applied for describing the invention, fig. 9 presents the graph of changes of temperatures indicated with the sensors of the second measurement system.

Fig. 1 a illustrates schematically the reservoir 1 accumulating the thermal energy according to the invention, in the section with the vertical plane, which reservoir 1 has at least centre chamber 2 (the invention takes into account that reservoir 1 can contain more distant chambers surrounding centre chamber 2). Reservoir 1 accumulating the thermal energy has upper wall 3, bottom wall 4 and at least one sidewall 5. Reservoir 1 is at least partly filled up with a two-phase mixture containing the phase fundamentally motionless and movable phase which is water liquid. Phase fundamentally motionless is made of grain material, such a sandy fraction. The motionless phase is made by fundamentally free pouring out the sandy fraction in centre chamber 2 of reservoir 1. Fig. 1 b schematically shows irregular grains 6 in enlargement, the sandy fraction arranged adjacently as a result of free pouring out of the sandy fraction into chamber 2 reservoir 1. Grains 6 contact with each other and are supported by each other, but between them numerous micro spaces 7 make voids remaining after fundamentally free pouring out the sandy fraction in the reservoir. The micro spaces 7 are connected to each other and available for the movable phase which causes that the fixed phase prepared by pouring out of the sandy fraction constitutes the porous structure into which a movable phase can penetrate, and within which structure the movable phase can move. At the same time, the separation of interior space of chamber 2 of reservoir 1 (consisting in producing numerous micro spaces 7 fundamentally joined to each other) which is a result of leading in the sandy fraction, results in limiting the convection exchange of the heat within the movable phase.

Within the specification of the invention and claims, water liquid containing not-treated water is a movable phase, provided that its oxidation is no grater than 4-5 mg 0₂ /I and the not-treated water is fundamentally clear, i.e. deprived of gifted deposits to the sedimentation, or water liquid containing treated water like water subjected to the sedimentation, filtered water, water of water supply system or water treated for the industrial process (especially for using in heating systems), or demineralized water. If necessary, water liquid contains treating and stabilizing additives, like anticoagulant, biocides and/or preventing scale formulation. As an anticoagulant additive, a liquid poliol can be used, especially diol, for example ethylene or propylene glycol.

A fraction sandy, not contaminated with dusts, organic pollutants and loamy materials is favourably fundamentally an immovable phase. More favourably, a high-quartz fraction is a sandy fraction, in particular showing Si0₂ contents of at least 85%. Favourably, sand dry-screened or rinsed, fundamentally deprived of grains going through the sieve is a sandy fraction 0.125, for example, a sand of such granulation, that at least 95% of grains is stopped on the sieve 0.25. More favourably, the sandy fraction shows granulation corresponding with the most part (> 60%) scope of the 0.4 -4 mm, for example 0.4 -2 mm. A particularly beneficial rinsed sand is filter sand.

Centre chamber 2 of reservoir 1 is filled up with the sandy fraction (being the motionless phase) in such a way that favourably the upper level of pouring out of the sandy fraction reaches at least the height corresponding to the 80%o of sidewall 5 height), more favourably at least 90% of the height of centre chamber 2 of reservoir 1.

Centre chamber 2 of reservoir 1 is filled up with water liquid (being the movable phase), water liquid filling up accessible micro spaces between grains of the sandy fraction, and if necessary the interior space of chamber 2 of reservoir 1 is not to be filled up with sandy fraction. Favourably, water liquid is delivered in the amount providing filling up of at least 95% of the micro spaces in the sandy fraction, more favourably of at least 99%.

Referring to the further fig. 1, centre chamber 2 favourably in upper wall 3 has at least one connector pipe 8 put centrally, for flowing in/flowing out of heated up water liquid. Moreover, the centre chamber 2 in bottom wall 4 has numerous connector pipes 9 arranged extremely outside, in the neighbourhood of at least one sidewall 5, for flowing in/flowing out of cooled water liquid. Connector pipes 8 and 9 are allocated and adapted for the cooperation with the pipes of the system of gaining solar heat and the installations of leading out the thermal energy to receivers of the heat. Favourably, water liquid is supplied to chamber 2 of reservoir 1 and drained off from the chamber of the reservoir through connector pipes 8 and 9 with using tubular probes 10, 11 led into the interior of chamber 2 of reservoir 1, put vertically, plunged in the motionless phase and running fundamentally at the entire heightbf chamber 2 of reservoir 1.

Favourably, tubular probes 10, 11 are supplied in numerous perforation for facilitating entering water liquid into the sandy fraction and draining off water liquid from the sandy fraction. Model tubular probe 10 intended for the cooperation with connector pipe 8 (i.e. for leading by upper wall 3) is shown on fig. 2. A cylindrical pipe closed or having a narrowing on finishing 12 of probe 10, makes probe 10. Tubular probe 10 is equipped - fundamentally along the entire length of tubular probe 10 - with circumferential perforation, in form of arterial holes 13 densely placed on the surface of the side of tubular probe 10. Tubular probe 11 intended for the cooperation with connector pipe 9 (i.e. for leading by bottom wall 4) is made by analogy, i.e. is supplied fundamentally along the entire length of tubular probe 11 into arterial holes 13 densely placed on the lateral surface, but (on account of the direction of inserting into chamber 2 of reservoir 1) finishing 12 of probe 11 is directed upwards.

Favourably, central chamber 2 of reservoir 1 is supplied with one tubular probe 10 placed vertically and inserted through connector pipe 8 centrally situated, and is supplied with numerous tubular probes 11 placed vertically and inserted by connector pipes 9 arranged in chamber 2, in the neighbourhood of at least one sidewall 5 (extremely outside). As a result, the tubular probe 10 is moved away to a maximum (in the dimension of the width of the chamber) from tubular probes 11, what additionally restricts the mixing up of hot and cooled water liquid, so that in the cycle of recovering of heat, is provided the taking water liquid up via probe 10 from the zone of the chamber of the highest temperature and in the cycle of the accumulation of heat, the taking water liquid up via probe 11 from the zone of the chamber of the lowest temperature.

Moreover, in the neighbourhood of connector pipes 8 and 9, in the zone of the flow of water liquid from the pipes of the system into the chamber of the reservoir and from the reservoir to the pipes of the system, there are located filters 14 preventing the grabbing of grains of the sandy fraction along with water liquid pumped from the chamber of the reservoir. There are no special restrictions as for the type of the filter and filter material, provided that filter 14 effectively stops grains of the sandy fraction in the chamber of the reservoir as well as it doesn't create excessive resistances to the flowing in/flowing out of water liquid. Favourably, filters 14 are settled outside and circumferential on fundamentally whole length of tubular probes 10, 11. Particularly favourably, probes 10, 11 are integrated with filters 14 in such a way that probes 10 and 11 along the entire length of perforation are encased circumferentially with filter material.

Walls 3, 4, 5 of centre chamber 2 are made of construction materials, for example concrete or reinforced concrete. Favourably, walls 3, 4, 5 are made of construction materials of increased thermal insulation or are made of construction materials covered with layer 15 of thermal insulation. More favourably, internal spaces of walls 3, 4, 5 of centre chamber 2 are inlaid with a layer 15 of low-absorbent foamed plastics, like extruded polystyrene, with sealing the edge of the joint of particular layers with binder. Particularly favourably, both internal spaces, and external spaces are covered with a layer of low-absorbent foamed plastics. Fig. 3 shows reservoir 1 according to the invention having apart from centre chamber 2 also other chambers arranged circumferentially. Reservoir 1 contains the first circumferential chamber 2.1 arranged outside around centre chamber 2. The first circumferential chamber 2.1 is at least partly filled up with two-phase mixture containing the phase fundamentally motionless which is sandy fraction and movable phase which is water liquid. The appropriate feature conceming the properties of elements of both phases and the degree of the filling of the chamber shown for chamber 2, are applicable for the chamber

The first circumferential chamber 2.1 in upper wall 3 has numerous connector pipes 8.1 located in the neighbourhood of sidewall 5 separating centre chamber 2 from the first circumferential 2.1 chamber, for flowing in/flowing out of heated up water liquid, and in the bottom wall 4 has numerous connector pipes 9.1 located extremely outside in the neighbourhood of at least one sidewall 5.1 of the first circumferential chamber 2.1, for flowing in/flowing out of cooled water liquid. Water liquid is supplied to the chamber 2.1 of reservoir 1 and drained off from the chamber 2.1 of reservoir 1 through connector pipes 8.1 and 9.1 with using tubular 1 probes 10.1, 11.1 inserted into the interior of the chamber 2.1, put vertically, plunged in the motionless phase and nmning approximately on the entire height of the chamber 2,1 of reservoir 1.

As in the case of chamber 2, tubular probes 10.1, 11. 1 in the chamber 2.1 are equipped with numerous perforations. Favourably, tubular probes 10.1, 11.1 are made by analogy, as probe 10 according to fig. 2.

Favourably, the first circumferential chamber 2.1 of reservoir 1 is equipped with numerous tubular probes 10.1 arranged vertically and inserted through connector pipes 8.1, as well as is equipped with numerous tubular probes 11.1 arranged vertically and inserted by connector pipes 9.1. As a result, tubular probes 10.1 are moved away to a maximum (in the dimension of the width of the first circumferential chamber 2.1) from tubular probes 1 1.1 what additionally restricts mixing up of hot and cooled water liquid in the cycle of recovering the heat which provides taking water liquid up via probes 10.1 from the zone of the chamber 2.1 of the highest temperature, and in the cycle of the accumulation of the heat, taking water liquid up via the probe 11.1 from the zone of the chamber 2.1 of the lowest temperature.

As in the case of chamber 2 of reservoir 1, in the chamber 2.1 in the neighbourhood of connector pipes 8.1 and 9.1, in the zone of the flow of water liquid from the pipes of the system into the chamber of the reservoir and from the reservoir to the pipes of the system, there are arranged filters 14 preventing grabbing grains of the sandy fraction by water liquid pumped from the chamber of the reservoir. Particularly favourably, probes 10.1 , 11.1 are integrated with filter 14, so that probes 10.1 , 1 1.1 along the entire length of perforation, are encased circumferentially with filter material.

Walls of the first circumferential 2.1 chamber are made of construction materials, for example concrete or reinforced concrete, favourably, of construction materials with increased thermal insularity, or are made of construction materials covered with a layer of thermal insulation. More favourably, internal spaces of walls of the first circumferential chamber are inlaid with a layer 15 of low-absorbent foamed plastics, like extruded polystyrene, with sealing the edge of the joint of particular layers with binder. Particularly favourably, both internal spaces and external spaces are covered with a layer 15 of low-absorbent foamed plastic.

According to the illustration of the practical accomplishment at fig. 3, delivery of reservoir 1 according to the invention takes into account additionally delivering the second circumferential chamber 2.1. The second circumferential chamber 2.2 is located outside around the first circumferential chamber 2.1. The second circumferential chamber 2.2 may be at least partly filled up with two-phase mixture containing the phase fundamentally motionless, which is sandy fraction, and movable phase which is water liquid. The appropriate properties concerning the feature of elements of both phases and the degree of the filling of the chamber shown for chamber 2, are applicable for the chamber 2.2.

The second circumferential chamber 2.2 in upper wall 3 has connector pipes 8.2 located in the neighbourhood of the sidewall 5.1 separating the second circumferential chamber 2.2 from the first circumferential chamber 2.1, for flowing in/flowing out of heated up water liquid, and in bottom wall 4 has numerous connector pipes 9.2 arranged extremely outside in the neighbourhood of at least one sidewall 5.2 of the second circumferential 2.2 chamber, for flowing in/flowing out of cooled water liquid.

Favourably, the second circumferential chamber 2.2 of reservoir 1 is supplied with numerous tubular probes 10.2 disposed vertically and inserted through connector pipes 8.2, as well as is supplied with numerous tubular probes 11.2 disposed vertically and inserted by connector pipes 9.2. As a result, tubular probes 10.2 are moved away to a maximum (in the dimension of the width of the second circumferential chamber 2.2) from tubular probes 1 1.2 what additionally restricts mixing up of hot and cooled water liquid in the cycle of recovering the heat, which provides taking water liquid up via probes 10.2 from the zone of the chamber 2.2 of the highest temperature, and in the cycle of the accumulation of the heat, taking water liquid up via the probe 1 1.2 from the zone of the chamber 2.2 of the lowest temperature.

As in the case of chamber 2 of reservoir 1, in the chamber 2.2 in the neighbourhood of connector pipes 8.2 and 9.2, in the zone of the flow of water liquid from the pipes of the system into the chamber of the reservoir and from the reservoir to the pipes of the system, there are arranged filters 14 preventing grabbing grains of sandy fraction with water liquid pumped from the chamber of the reservoir. Particularly favourably, probes 10.2, 1 1.2 are integrated with filter 14 so that probes 10.2, 11.2 along the entire length of perforation are encased circumferentially with filter material.

Walls 3, 4, 5.1 and 5.2 of the circumferential chamber 2.2 are made so that they demonstrate the sufficient thermal insulation. The beneficial performance of walls and the isolation corresponds the one introduced for centre chamber 2.

Fig. 4 describes the beneficial realization of reservoir 1 according to the invention, in the section with horizontal plain. Favourably, reservoir 1 has a shape fundamentally cylindrical. Fig. 4 shows mutual location of chambers according to the practical accomplishment, i.e. the centre chamber 2 surrounded by the first circumferential chamber 2.1 which next is surrounded by second circumferential chamber 2.2. Individual chambers 2, 2.1 2.2 are intended for storing heat carriers of the diversified temperature, meanwhile the heat carrier in centre chamber 2 has the highest temperature and the carriers in next circumferential chambers 2.1 and 2.2 have successively lower temperatures (in addition a carrier has a low temperature in extremely outside circumferential chamber, i.e. in the chamber 2.2).

The invention provides that reservoir 1 can contain next chambers disposed circumferentially around the second circumferential chamber 2.2, meanwhile every next chamber in upper wall 3 has connector pipes located in the neighbourhood of the wall separating the given chamber from the chamber which it surrounds, for flowing in/flowing out of heated up water liquid and in bottom wall 4 has numerous connector pipes located extremely outside in the neighbourhood of the outer wall of this next chamber, for flowing in/flowing out of cooled water liquid. Placement of tubular probes corresponds to the distribution applied in circumferential chambers 2.1 and 2.2. Tubular probes are made according to the practical accomplishment according to fig. 2 and are provided with filters 14. Walls of individual chambers are insulated thermally (both upper and bottom walls and outer sides of chambers, as well as sidewalls separating chambers from each other). Next chambers can be at least partly filled up with two-phase mixture containing the phase fundamentally motionless, which is sandy fraction, and containing movable phase which is water liquid. The appropriate properties concerning the feature of elements of both phases and the degree of the filling of the chamber shown for chamber 2, are applicable for these next chambers.

In the beneficial realization according to fig, 4 centre chamber 2 has a shape approximately cylindrical, and next circumferential chambers (for example 2.1, 2.2) are appointed with cylindrical surfaces placed fundamentally concentrically with regard to the vertical axis of centre chamber 2. However, the invention considers various solutions outlining the geometry of the centre chamber, as well as circumferential chambers. For example, with executions of the centre chamber, not limiting the scope of the invention, there are solids chosen from the group including the cuboidal shape, shape of the prism with base 5 -, 6 -, 8 -angle, or the shape of an elliptical cylinder, or combinations of these solids. Appropriately, circumferential chambers 2.1, 2.2 (and next circumferential chambers, if are applied) correspond to solids of centre chamber 2 of similar geometry, selected to the shape of chamber 2 so that they surround centre chamber 2. If demanded, centre chamber 2 can have a shape of the truncated cone or the truncated pyramid, with broad base facing upwards. Moreover, if demanded, centre chamber 2 can have shape of a solid similar to the sphere, ellipsoids, barrels or similar.

Reservoir 1 accumulating heat energy is used for long-term storing of acquired heat in the installation of solar collectors, shown on fig. 5. Reservoir 1 fundamentally is cooperating with the installation according to fig. 5 in the annual cycle. Usually, the warm half of year is used for storage of energy, meanwhile in the cold half of year the energy is taken and used for heating purposes. In practice, the heat can be stored as well as taken at any moment, de ending on whether the excess or the deficit of heat appears (within twenty- four hours). Storing thermal energy in the reservoir takes place through the flow of hot water liquid from the source of heat 16 (taking solar energy) into centre chamber 2 of reservoir 1. Storage of thermal energy can be held until reaching the maximum temperature of centre chamber 2 which is about 95°C. Taking up of the heat from centre chamber 2 of reservoir 1 takes place during the flow of water liquid in the opposite direction, and the heat is received in the receiver/receivers of the heat.

In the long term, the thermal energy stored up in centre chamber 2 of reservoir 1 will penetrate through the sidewall and the layer of thermal insulation into the first circumferential chamber 2.1 of reservoir 1, farther into the second circumferential chamber 2.2 of reservoir 1, and if necessary into next circumferential chambers (if the reservoir was equipped with next chambers). As a result, consequently, the temperature in centre chamber 2 of reservoir 1 will decrease, meanwhile in the first circumferential chamber 2.1 of reservoir 1 and the second circumferential chamber 2.2 of reservoir 1 - it will increase. Thanks to the existence of separate hydraulic circuits, it is possible to independently recover the heat stored up in the first circumferential chamber 2.1 of reservoir 1 and/or the second circumferential chamber 2.2 of reservoir 1. Heat energy recovery is acquired as a result of pumping water liquid by the demanded circumferential chamber of reservoir 1.

If necessary, in order to store the thermal energy in the reservoir 1, the water liquid warmed in the installation of solar collectors is directed also at the first circumferential chamber 2.1 of reservoir 1 and/or the second circumferential chamber 2.2 of reservoir 1. Such a way of storing thermal energy is advantageous when water liquid delivered by the source of the heat has a lower temperature than the temperature in centre chamber 2 of reservoir 1, but higher than the temperature in the first circumferential chamber 2.1 of reservoir 1, or in the second circumferential chamber 2.2 of reservoir 1, Such a mode of functioning of the installation permits optimal use of the heat provided by solar collectors. For individual chambers of reservoir 1 the following scopes of the operating temperature and the mode of using heated water liquid contained in them are predicted.

Centre chamber 2 of reservoir 1 - zone of the highest temperatures - temperature from 95°C to 55°C— supplying of systems of preparing domestic warm water and high-temperature heating (heaters).

The first circumferential chamber 2.2 of reservoir 1 - zone of medium temperatures - temperature from 55°C to 25°C - supplying of systems of low- temperature heating (floor, wall).

The second circumferential chamber 2.2 of reservoir 1 - zone of low temperatures - temperature below 25°C - heat source for the heat pump.

Fig.5 shows a source of heat 16 and receivers of the heat described as separate hydraulic systems for individual chambers 2, 2.1, 2.2 of reservoir 1. In practice it can be one hydraulic system equipped with respective valves switching individual circumferences supplying individual chambers 2, 2.1, 2.2 of reservoir 1.

The hydraulic system contains the following units and components: solar thermal collector 16,

the circulation pump of solar thermal collectors 17,

heat exchanger 18,

feed pump of the heat accumulating reservoir 1 ,

temperature sensor of feeding water flow of the heat accumulating reservoir 20,

valve of the feeding circuit of the heat accumulatmg reservoir 21,

valve of the hydraulic circuit of chamber 2 of the heat accumulating reservoir

22,

valve of the hydraulic circuit of the 2.1 chamber of the heat accumulating reservoir 23, valve of the hydraulic circuit of the 2.2 chamber of the heat accumulating reservoir 24,

distributor 25,

valve of the circulation bypass 26,

valve of the circulation of high-temperature receivers of heat 27,

valve of the circulation of medium-temperature receivers of heat 28, valve of the circulation of low-temperature receivers of heat 29,

discharging pump the accumulating reservoir 0,

temperature sensor of the water discharge flow from the accumulating reservoir 31,

high-temperature receiver of heat 32 (domestic hot water storage reservoir, heat exchanger 33,

medium-temperature receiver of heat 34 (surface heating systems), valve mixing up 35,

circulating pump of surface heating system 36,

low-temperature receiver 37 (heat pump).

The system consists of four subsystems. This are:

- circuit of the heat source, which consist of solar thermal collector 16, circulation pump 17 of solar collectors, heat exchanger 18, circulation pump 19 of reservoir feeding 1, temperature sensor 20 and valve 21;

- circuit of the high-temperature receiver, which consist of the storage reservoir of domestic warm-water 32 with the coil pipe (heat exchanger), valve 27;

- circuit of the medium-temperature receiver, which consist of heat exchanger 33, valve mixing up 35, circulation pump 36, coils pipe of surface heating 34, valve 28;

- circuit of the low-temperature receiver, which consist of heat pump 37 and valve 29. Moreover, there appear: distributors 25 combining the aforementioned circuits, relieving pump 30 the heat accumulating reservoir 1, the temperature sensor of the water discharge flow from the heat accumulating reservoir 1 and the additional circumference (bypass) with valve 26.

Feeding of the heat accumulating reservoir 1

Pump 17 feeds the heat exchanger 18 with working medium (water- glycol solution) heated in solar thermal collector 16. Pump 19 feeds the distributor 25 from the heat accumulating reservoir 1 through the heat exchanger 18 and opened valve 21. A controller (not shown) opens the appropriate pair of valves 22, 23 or 24 based on temperature of flowing water measured by sensor 20. The difference of the feeding temperature and temperature of the given chamber of the heat accumulating reservoir is the criteria deciding which pair of valves will be open (temperature sensors in chambers of reservoir 1 weren't marked in Fig.5). Heated water liquid is directed to the chosen chamber of reservoir 1 according to the difference between the temperature of feeding water liquid and temperature in chambers. If e.g. as a result of clouds the productivity of solar collectors is dropping and in consequence a temperature of feeding water liquid measured with sensor 20 is decreasing, switching valves takes place in such a way that water liquid is directed at the next chamber of reservoir 1 of the lower temperature.

Collecting the thermal energy from reservoir 1 accumulating the thermal energy

Collecting thermal energy from reservoir 1 starts from switching on the pump 30 and opening valve 26 bypass of the circulation and of corresponding pair of valves 22, 23, 24 - depending on from which chamber of reservoir 1 the thermal energy is supposed to be taken. The initial flow of water through the bypass is aimed to prevent the cooling of the receiver by cold water liquid stopped in the pipes of the installation. When temperature sensor 31 will record the appropriately high temperature of water liquid reaching from reservoir 1 accumulating the thermal energy, closure of the valve 26 and opening respective valve 27, 28, 29 and directing the water liquid to the matching receiver of the heat will take place.

The design of the hydraulic system enables also direct feeding of the receivers with the heat from the solar system. In this case all valves are closed off (22, 23, 24). However, valve 21 and the respective valve of the receiver of the heat are open. One of pumps 19 or 30 works.

Example 1

Measurements of the gradient of temperatures in water liquid

In the test a cuboidal vessel is applied capacities of 140 1 (H = 4.5 dm, L = 7.2 dm S = 5.4 dm), made of plastics. Tubular probes 38, 39.1, 39.2, 39.3, 39.4 with circumferential perforation are settling in the vessel. Probes are surrounded with layers of the needled cloth performing the role of filter material. Probe 38 intended for providing with water heated up the vessel is put along the vertical axis of the cuboid, and four probes 39.1, 39.2, 39.3, 39.4 intended to drain off the water are put in the immediate vicinity of vertical edges of the cuboid. Locating of probes in the view from above is shown on fig. 6 a, and in a side view on fig. 6b. In the vertical plane mnning from the probe intended to deliver heated up water to one of the probes put in the immediate vicinity of the vertical edge of the cuboid five temperature sensors Tl - T5 are arranged with even spaces between them. Moreover sensors T6 and T7 are put by the bottom and upper wall of the vessel and the sensor T6 adjacently to the side wall of the vessel, in the neighbourhood of an intersection diagonal of this side partition wall, in half of its width. Arranging sensors is described on fig. 6a and 6b.

The vessel is filled with water from the water supplying system. After filling, an outside loop is constructed for the flow of water in the closed cycle. The terminus is equipped with the precise pump and the immersion heater for heating of flowing water. Water is passed to the vessel through probe 38, and is picked up through probes 39.1-39.4. The water is pumped at the permanent rate of flow 0.5 1 per minute. After 370 minutes, the flow is stopped and the heating is turned off, leaving the system to cool. Temperature measured by sensors Tl - T8 is determined in 1 -minute intervals beginning from the temporal t¾ point (beginning of pumping and heating water, in addition heating is running only to the 370th minute) and temperatures are recorded for about 30 hours. The graphic representation of results is shown on fig. 7a. Board 1 shows the results of measurements (where the number of data in the board was limited to results read out every 10 minutes). In columns Tl— T8 a water temperature in °C was given.

Table 1

Time measured

Tl T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 from to fminl

741 36,68 36,68 36,80 36,80 36,92 37,33 30,94 36,95

751 36,56 36,55 36,67 36,65 36,78 37,18 30,90 36,80

761 36,43 36,42 36,52 36,52 36,64 37,02 30,S7 36,67

771 36,27 36,28 36,38 36,38 36,50 36,SS 30,82 36,53

781 36,16 36,16 36,25 36,26 36,37 36,75 30,81 36,40

791 36,02 36,01 36, 11 36,11 36,23 36,61 30,75 36,26

801 35,89 35,88 35,98 35,98 36,10 36,48 30,74 36,13

811 35,75 35,74 35,86 35,85 35,96 36,35 30,69 35,99

821 35,62 35,63 35,73 35,72 35,84 36,20 30,65 35,87

831 35,50 35,49 35,60 35,60 35,71 36,07 30,63 35,74

841 35,38 35,38 35,48 35,47 35,58 35,94 30,58 35,61

851 35,26 35,24 35,35 35,35 35,46 35,80 30,56 35,48

861 35,13 35,13 35,23 35,22 35,34 35,70 30,51 35,35

871 35,01 35,01 35,10 35,12 35,21 35,54 30,48 35,24

881 34,89 34,89 34,99 34,98 35, 10 35,44 30,44 35,1 1

891 34,77 34,77 34,87 34,87 34,97 35,31 30,41 34,99

901 34,66 34,67 34,76 34,76 34,85 35, 19 30,37 34,88

91 1 34,55 34,54 34,64 34,63 34,74 35,06 30,32 34,76

921 34,43 34,43 34,52 34,52 34,64 34,96 30,29 34,66

931 34,33 34,32 34,41 34,41 34,52 34,85 30,25 34,52

941 34,21 34,21 34,29 34,29 34,40 34,71 30,20 34,42

951 34, 10 34, 10 34,18 34,20 34,28 34,60 30,18 34,31

961 33,98 34,00 34,08 34,07 34, 18 34,49 30,14 34,20

971 33,89 33,88 33,98 33,98 34,08 34,38 30,11 34,07

981 33,77 33,77 33,87 33,87 33,96 34,26 30,05 33,98

991 33,67 33,68 33,75 33,75 33,86 34, 15 30,00 33,87

1001 33,56 33,58 33,66 33,67 33,76 34,05 29,98 33,77

101 1 33,47 33,47 33,54 33,54 33,66 33,95 29,94 J 33,67

1021 33,36 33,38 33,45 33,46 33,54 33,85 29,88 33,54

1031 33,26 33,26 33,35 33,35 33,44 33,74 29,85 33,45

1041 33, 16 33,17 33,24 33,24 33,35 33,64 29,79 33,35

1051 33,06 33,06 33,14 33, 16 33,24 33,52 29,75 33,25

1061 32,97 32,96 33,04 33,05 33,14 33,42 29,71 33,15

1071 32,87 32,87 32,95 32,96 33,04 33,33 29,68 33,04

1081 32,76 32,77 32,85 32,86 32,95 33,21 29,63 32,96

1091 32,68 32,68 32,76 32,78 32,85 33, 11 29,60 J 32,85

1 101 32,58 32,60 32,67 32,66 32,76 33,02 29,55 32,76

1 111 32,48 32,49 32,57 32,58 32,66 32,94 29,50 32,67

1 121 32,40 32,42 32,48 32,49 32,57 32,84 29,46 32,58

1 131 32,31 32,32 32,39 32,40 32,48 32,74 29,43 32,48

1 141 32,23 32,24 32,30 32,30 32,40 32,65 29,39 32,40

1 151 32,12 32, 14 1 32,22 32,21 32,31 32,54 29,33 32,30

1 161 32,04 32,04 32,12 32, 14 32,21 32,45 29,30 32,23

1171 31 ,96 31 ,98 32,03 32,04 32, 14 32,37 29,26 32,13

3 181 31 ,87 31 ,90 31,96 31,96 32,04 32,29 29,21 32,05

1191 31 ,79 31 ,81 31,87 31,88 31,97 32,20 29,19 31,96

1201 31 ,71 31 ,73 31,79 31,79 31,87 32, 12 29,14 31,89

1211 31 ,65 31 ,65 31,70 31 ,72 31,79 32,03 29,10 31,79

The described measurements indicate that values of the water temperature determined with using sensors Tl - T5 are very similar which indicates an almost identical water temperature in the reservoir, irrespective of the distance of the sensor from the probe delivering warm water. The water temperature is slightly higher near the surface (sensor T6), and clearly lower near the bottom (sensor T7) of the vessel. Unexpectedly, the water temperature is slightly higher in the vicinity of the walls of the vessel, that is where losses of the thermal energy to surroundings should be considerable. This shows the intense convection and automatic mixing up of the water in the course of the water slowly getting cold.

Example 2

Measurements of the gradient of temperatures in the irrigated sandy fraction

As the mineral material, granular quartz of sand fraction of about 0.5 - 2,0 mm was applied. Sand was irrigated with water supply system water in the amount of approximately 3 parts by volume of water to 10 parts by volume of sand.

Applying the test device and the testing method presented in example 1, a measurement is carried out with using the cuboidal vessel filled up with water-sand-mixture mentioned above. Temperature measured by sensors TI TS is determined every 1 minute, beginning from the temporal ¾ point (beginning pumping and heating water, while heating is running only until the 370th minute) and temperatures are recorded for about 30 hours. The graphic representation of results is shown on fig. 7b. Table 2 shows results of measurements (where the number of data in the table was reduced to results read out every 10 minutes). In columns Tl to T8 - a water temperature in ° C was given.

Table 2

The graph according to fig. 7b clearly shows that the determined value of the temperature significantly depends on the location of the sensor. In the initial period, when warm water is delivered with probe 38, a slower increase of the temperature appears in the locations distant from probe 38. It proves that the flow of water in the main measuring cup is responsible for the transport of heat, however practically, a convection does not appear in the entire capacity of the vessel. As a result of stopping the supply of warm water and leaving the system in Example 2 to be stabilized, there appears and remains a significant diversifying of temperatures between the centre region of the vessel and outermost regions, meanwhile the temperature is highest in the centre region and lowest in the outermost regions. On the opposite, in the system according to example 1, the temperature differences between the centre region of the vessel and the outermost regions are minimal and what is more, the temperatures in outermost regions are a little bit higher than in the centre region of the vessel (as a result of the intense convection in water liquid). Therefore using sandy fraction indeed inhibits convection and leads to limiting the flow of the thermal energy to surroundings.

Example 3

Heat flow between separated spaces with tight partition

in the test, a cylindrical vessel comprised of two PVC pipes about the section of 110 mm and 1 m long each is applied, with closed outside ends, connected with cornet, with tight crosswise partition 40 built in hydraulic and made of the polycarbonate tile thick of 3 mm (shown on fig. 8). The cylindrical vessel is circumferentially insulated thermally (layer of rock wool 5 cm thick). Crosswise partition 40 separates the cylindrical vessel appointing space 41 and space 42. Both spaces 41, 42 are filled up with quartz sand (fraction of 0.5-2.0 mm). Into the space 41, the probe 43 is inserted for giving warm water (heated by the electric immersion heater) and probe 44 for draining off of cooled down water. Next, into the space 42, the probe 45 is inserted for giving cold water and probe 46 for draining off of heated water.

Three temperature sensors are to be located in the space 41 (T1A to T3A), and into the space 42 - seven sensors (T2B to T7B), along the pivot of the cylindrical vessel, in even intervals.

Through probe 43, warm water is given to the space 41 and is taken away (cooled, from the space 41) through probe 44. In this measuring period, the water isn't entered into space 42. The temperature is measured by sensors every 1 minute, beginning from the temporal ¾ point (beginning of pumping and heating water). The temperature in points T1A and T2A stays on the same level (a temperature adjuster, controlling the work of the electric immersion heater under the procedure on-off causes fluctuations of the temperature). The temperature in the point T3A is stable, but has a lower value from of the ones determined by T1A and T2A (which is caused by the permeation of the heat to the neighbouring space through partition 40). The next sensor TIB shows the temperature in the outside zone right behind partition 40. A distinct fall in temperature is visible in respect of the temperature recorded by the sensor T3A. It proves good isolation properties of the partition and of spaces adjoining to it filled up with the mixture of water and sand. Next test points T2B to T7B shows a further, considerable fall of temperature in the outside zone. A graph is describing the graphic presentation of results according to fig. 8.

Next the giving of warm water by probe 43 is stopped, and begins the giving of cold water to space 42 by probe 45 and taking away of water (heated) through probe 46 which results in a strong fall in temperature measured by sensors in space 42.

This test depicts the mode of the service of reservoir 1, in which the heat is recovered from the outside chamber of the reservoir accumulating the thermal energy. Table 3 shows results of measurements with using sensors T1A - T3A and TIB - T7B (where number of data in the table from the 18th minute was limited to results read out every 5 minutes). In the columns a water temperature in °C was given.

Table 3

Time measured T1A T2A T3A TIB T2B T3B T4B T5B T6B T7B from % frnin]

1333 57,75 59,88 53,69 42,50 34,69 30,06 27,25 25,44 24,31 23,63

1338 57,63 59,88 53,63 42,50 34,69 30,13 27,25 25,44 24,31 23,63

1343 57,69 59,94 53,56 42,50 34,69 30,13 27,25 25,44 24,31 23,63

1348 57,81 59,81 53,56 42,50 34,69 30,13 27,25 25,44 24,31 23,63

1353 58,00 59,56 53,56 42,50 34,75 30,13 27,25 25,44 24,31 23,63

1358 58,13 59,19 53,50 42,50 34,75 30,13 27,25 25,50 24,38 23,63

1363 58,25 58,81 53,44 42,44 34,75 30,13 27,31 25,50 24,38 23,69

1368 58,31 58,50 53,44 42,44 34,75 30,19 27,31 25,50 24,38 23,63

1373 58,38 58,31 53,44 42,44 34,75 30,19 27,31 25,50 24,38 23,69

1378 58,50 58,19 53,31 42,44 34,75 30,19 27,31 25,50 24,38 23,69

1383 58,63 58,13 53,31 42,44 34,75 30,19 27,31 25,56 24,38 23,69

13S8 58,75 58,19 53,25 4? 44 34,75 30,19 27,31 25,56 24,3S 23,69

1393 58,81 58,31 53,19 42,44 34,81 30,19 27,31 25,56 24,44 23,69

1398 58,94 58,38 53,13 42,38 34,81 30,19 27,31 25,56 24,38 23,69

1403 59,00 58,50 53,13 42,31 30,25 27,25 25,50 24,56 23,00 21,44

1408 59,06 58,56 53,13 37,88 26,94 25,44 24,19 22,81 20,69 19,94

1413 59,13 58,63 53,00 37,00 26,69 25,19 24,00 22,69 20,56 20,50

1418 59,25 59,19 53,06 36,56 26,31 24,88 23,63 22,31 20,19 20,56

1423 59,25 59,19 53,13 36,56 26,31 24,94 23,63 22,31 20,13 20,56

1428 59,25 59,13 53,19 36,56 26,31 24,94 23,63 22,31 20,19 20,56

1433 59,25 59,00 52,94 36,56 26,31 24,94 23,63 22,31 20,19 20,56

1438 59,25 59,00 53,06 36,56 26,31 24,94 23,63 22,31 20,19 20,56

1443 59,25 58,94 52,75 36,56 26,31 24,94 23,63 22,31 20,19 20,63

Claims

1. Reservoir accumulating thermal energy, intended for cooperation with the system of acquiring solar heat and the system of receivers of die heat in the building, for putting the building in the immediate vicinity, having at least one limited chamber with an upper wall, a bottom wall and at least one sidewall, characterized in that a centre chamber (2) contains the carrier of thermal energy, and in addition a two-phase mixture, containing the moving phase which is water liquid , which is a carrier of the thermal energy and the phase fundamentally motionless which is the sandy fraction. In this chamber the grains (6) of fixed phase chambers form the porous structure separating the interior space (2) with producing numerous connected micro spaces (7) filled up with the movable phase, with limiting the convection exchange of the heat within the movable phase.

2. Reservoir according to claim 1, characterized in that water liquid contains filtered water including water chosen from the following group: water of water supply system, water treated for applying in the heating system and demineralized water.

3. Reservoir according to claim 1, characterized in that water liquid contains supplements treating and stabilizing anticoagulant allowances withdrawn from the including group, killing the living organisms and counteracting knocking the stone out.

4. Reservoir according to claim 1, characterized in that an ethylene or propylene glycol is an anticoagulant addition.

5. Reservoir according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that dry- screened or rinsed sand high-quartz, fundamentally deprived of grains covering 0.125 mm through the screen is a sandy fraction.

6. Reservoir according to claims 1-3, characterized in that high-quartz sand is a sandy fraction of such granulation, that at least the 95% of grains is stopped on the screen 0.25.

7. Reservoir according to claim 6, characterized in that the filter sand is the sandy fraction.

8. Reservoir according to claims 1-7, characterized in that centre chamber (2) in the upper wall (3) has at least one connector pipe (8), put centrally, for flowing in/flowing out of heated up water liquid, and in the bottom wall (4) has numerous connector pipes (9) located extremely outside, in the neighbourhood of at least one sidewall (5), for flowing in/flowing out of cooled water liquid.

9. Reservoir according to claims 1-8, characterized in that it contains the first circumferential chamber (2.1) arranged outside around the centre chamber (2), and in addition the first circumferential chamber (2.1) has in the upper wall (3) at least one connector pipe (8.1) located in the neighbourhood of the wall (5) separating the centre chamber (2) from the first circumferential chamber (2.1), for flowing in/flowing out of heated up water liquid, and in the bottom wall (4) has numerous connector pipes (9.1) located extremely outside in the neighbourhood of the at least one sidewall (5.1) of the first circumferential chamber (2.1), for flowing in/flowing out of cooled water liquid.

10. Reservoir according to claims 1-9, characterized in that it contains the second circumferential chamber (2.2) located outside around the first circumferential chamber (2.1), in addition the second circumferential chamber (2.2) has in the upper wall (3) at least one connector pipe (8.2) located in the neighbourhood of the wall (5.1) separating the second circumferential chamber (2.2) from the first circumferential chamber (2.1), for flowing in/flowing out of heated up water liquid, and in the bottom wall (4) has numerous connector pipes (9.2) located extremely outside in the neighbourhood of at least one sidewall (5.2) of the second circumferential chamber (2.2), for flowing in/flowing out of cooled water liquid.

11. Reservoir according to claims 1-10, characterized in that it contains at least one next chamber located circumferentially around the second circumferential chamber (2.2), and in addition every next chamber in the upper wall has at least one connector pipe located in the neighbourhood of the wall separating the given chamber from the chamber which it surrounds, for flowing in/flowing out of heated up water liquid and in the bottom wall has numerous connector pipes located extremely outside in the neighbourhood of the outer side wall of the second chamber, for flowing in/implementing cooled water liquid.

12. Reservoir according to claims 1-11, characterized in that sidewalls and bottom walls of every chamber are supplied with at least one layer (15) of thermally separating material, made of a material of low porosity.

13. Way of service of the reservoir accumulating thermal energy, intended for the cooperation with the system of acquiring solar heat and with system of receivers of the heat in the building, which reservoir is intended for putting in the immediate vicinity of the buildmg and has at least one chamber limited by the upper wall, the bottom wall and the at least one sidewall, characterized in that a reservoir is applicable (1) having a centre chamber (2) containing the carrier of the thermal energy, in addition to a two -phase mixture, containing the moving phase which is water liquid, is a carrier of thermal energy and the phase fundamentally motionless which the sandy fraction is, in which first chamber of the grain (6) are creating the fixed phase separating porous structure interior space of the chamber (2) with producing numerous connected micro spaces (7) filled up with the movable phase, with limiting the convection exchange of the heat within the movable phase.

14. Manner of service of the reservoir accumulating thermal energy according to claim 13, characterized in that as water liquid is applied water chosen from the group including filtered water, water of water supply system, water treated for applying in the heating system and demineralized water, and as sandy fraction dry-screened or rinsed high-quartz sand, fundamentally deprived of grains passing through the screen 0.125 mm is applied.

15. Manner of service of the reservoir accumulating thermal energy according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that a reservoir (1) is applied having at least the centre chamber (2), the first circumferential chamber (2.1), and second circumferential chamber (2.2), which every chamber has in the upper wall (3), appropriately, at least one connector pipes (8, 8.1, 8.2) for flowing in/flowing out of heated up water liquid, and in the bottom wall (4) every chamber has numerous connector pipes (9, 9.1, 9.2) arranged, appropriately, extremely outside, for flowing in/flowing out of cooled water liquid.

16. Manner of service of the reservoir accumulating thermal energy according to claim 15, characterized in that in the centre chamber (2) of reservoir (1) a carrier of thermal energy is keeping a temperature from 95 °C to 55 °C which is applied for supplying systems of preparing domestic warm water and high- temperature heating, in the first circumferential chamber (2.1) of reservoir (1) a carrier of the thermal energy is keeping in temperature from 55 °C to 25 °C which is applied for supplying systems of low-temperature heating, and in the second circumferential chamber (2.2) of reservoir (1) - a carrier of the thermal energy is keeping in temperature below 25 °C for supplying heat sources for the heat pump, in addition taking a heat carrier is made with using separate hydraulic systems for individual chambers (2, 2.1, 2.2) of reservoir (1), or one hydraulic system equipped with valves switching individual circuits powering to the liquid connection, appropriately, with the centre chamber (2), or with the first circumferential chamber (2.1), or with the second circumferential chamber (2.2) of reservoir (1).