CN112161405A - Solar phase-change heat collector and low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system - Google Patents
Solar phase-change heat collector and low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112161405A CN112161405A CN202011002520.8A CN202011002520A CN112161405A CN 112161405 A CN112161405 A CN 112161405A CN 202011002520 A CN202011002520 A CN 202011002520A CN 112161405 A CN112161405 A CN 112161405A
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Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
- F24D15/02—Other domestic- or space-heating systems consisting of self-contained heating units, e.g. storage heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/10—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using latent heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S80/30—Arrangements for connecting the fluid circuits of solar collectors with each other or with other components, e.g. pipe connections; Fluid distributing means, e.g. headers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/14—Solar energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
Abstract
The invention relates to a solar phase-change heat collector and a low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system, wherein the solar phase-change heat collector comprises a heat collecting box, a plurality of solar heat collecting glass tubes and a superconducting liquid circulating tube, the solar heat collecting glass tubes are arranged side by side and are communicated with the heat collecting box, composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion is arranged in the solar heat collecting glass tubes and the heat collecting box, the superconducting liquid circulating tube is spirally coiled in the heat collecting box, and the two ends of the superconducting liquid circulating tube are respectively provided with a superconducting liquid outlet end and a superconducting liquid inlet end; the composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion comprises solid paraffin, liquid paraffin, metal nano particles, an emulsifying dispersant, a surfactant, a cosolvent and deionized water. The composite phase-change energy storage material with higher heat conductivity coefficient, latent heat value and lower viscosity is obtained by adopting the specific composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion, can smoothly complete a convection heat exchange process when used in a vacuum tube, is applied to a solar heat collection system in a heat release process, and has higher water outlet temperature of a heat collector.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a solar phase-change heat collector, in particular to a low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system, which relates to a heat storage phase-change material, a composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion and an inorganic-organic composite phase-change material, and belongs to the technical development fields of heat energy effective utilization equipment and phase-change materials suitable for solar energy utilization.
Background
The solar energy is renewable energy, the solar energy is energy generated in the continuous nuclear fusion reaction process in the sun, and the average solar radiation intensity on the earth orbit is 1,369 w/square meter; common solar energy utilization techniques include: the solar water heating system is a mature solar energy photo-thermal direct utilization typical technology and occupies more than 80% of the solar energy thermal utilization market all over the world; the technology of light transformation heat direct utilization can be applied to the solar heating direction, and solar energy is collected through solar vacuum tube to this technology, combines the building to use the energy demand, with the high-efficient reasonable storage of the light heat energy source of collecting and release, is the key of current solar water heating system development. At present, the solar heating system consists of: solar heat collector and auxiliary heat source-providing energy; equipment for heat storage and heat exchange; end devices-building heating and domestic hot water requirements. When solar radiation is large in the daytime, the solar heat collector works normally; when the solar radiation is insufficient, the auxiliary heat source supplements the insufficient solar energy; the solar energy is clean, pollution-free and convenient to use, but the radiation intensity of the solar energy has obvious rareness, discontinuity and instability due to the influence of regular changes of geography, day and night, seasons and the like, and in order to keep the heat supply and power supply device to stably and uninterruptedly operate, the solar energy is stored by a heat storage device and is released when the energy is insufficient; on the other hand, the phase change energy storage technology utilizes latent heat of materials, energy storage and release can be effectively realized through the phase change process, the phase change materials are widely concerned and locally applied in the solar photo-thermal utilization field in recent years, the phase change materials are applied to a solar water heating system, the limitation that photo-thermal utilization depends on solar radiation can be greatly improved from the time dimension, and meanwhile, the capacity space and the photo-thermal utilization efficiency of the system are also obviously improved. Therefore, research on the application of various phase change materials in solar water heating systems is increasing, however, the combination of the phase change materials and the solar water heating systems is a multidisciplinary cross problem related to material chemistry, photothermal conversion and building energy consumption analysis, and the related research is not completely mature at present, and the heat-mass conversion and energy transmission processes are not completely clear.
The prior phase change heat storage material mainly has three types, namely solid-solid phase change and has the advantages that: the solid-solid phase-change material is a well-developed functional material, and has the characteristics of no liquid or gas, small volume change, small possibility of supercooling, no corrosion, no toxicity, high thermal efficiency, long service life and the like; the disadvantages are as follows: the material is expensive and poor in heat conductivity, and is easy to be converted into volatile plastic crystals at the phase transition temperature of 16 ℃; solid-liquid phase change, advantage: the cost is low, and the proper phase transition temperature can be obtained by mixing a plurality of phase transition materials. The disadvantages are as follows: easy supercooling, phase separation, large volume change, easy leakage and environmental pollution; the organic phase change material has low melting point, flammability and low thermal conductivity; solid-gas phase change and liquid-gas phase change, which are rarely used in practice because of the large volume occupied by gas during phase change.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the limitation of solar energy utilization in the prior art and the defects of single type of the existing phase-change material, easy supercooling, phase separation, large volume change, easy leakage, environmental pollution, low melting point, flammability and low thermal conductivity of the existing solid-liquid phase-change material and large volume of gas in the existing solid-gas phase-change material and liquid-gas phase-change material.
The invention provides a solar phase-change heat collector which comprises a heat collecting box, a plurality of solar heat collecting glass tubes and a superconducting liquid circulating tube, wherein the solar heat collecting glass tubes are arranged side by side and are communicated with the heat collecting box;
the composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion comprises solid paraffin, liquid paraffin, metal nano particles, an emulsifying dispersant, a surfactant, a cosolvent and deionized water, wherein the dosage of the metal nano particles and the dosage of the emulsifying dispersant are respectively 1.0-5.0% of the total mass of the solid paraffin and the liquid paraffin, and the dosage of the surfactant is 5.0-15.0% of the total mass of the solid paraffin and the liquid paraffin; the using amount of the cosolvent is 0.5-2.0% of the total mass of the solid paraffin and the liquid paraffin; the deionized water accounts for 5-10.0% of the total mass of the metal nanoparticles, the solid paraffin, the liquid paraffin, the emulsifying dispersant, the surfactant and the cosolvent.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the method has the beneficial effects that: the solar glass tube and the heat collector box in the solar phase-change heat collector adopt the specific composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion, and because the composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion adopts the mixing of solid paraffin and liquid paraffin and then adds metal nano particles, the unique thermal property, electrical property, magnetic property and optical property are obtained, the heat conductivity coefficient of the emulsion is improved, the supercooling degree of the phase-change material can be reduced, the energy storage density of the emulsion is obviously improved by adding a proper amount of deionized water mixture, the paraffin consumption is reduced, the paraffin resource is saved, the composite phase-change energy storage material with higher heat conductivity coefficient, latent heat value and lower viscosity is obtained, and the convection heat exchange process can be smoothly completed when the composite nano metal particle phase-change energy storage material is used in a vacuum tube, in the heat release process, the composite phase-change emulsion has slow cooling speed, is applied to a solar heat collection system, and has higher outlet water temperature.
The invention relates to a solar phase change heat collector, further, the emulsifying dispersant and the surfactant are one or more of Span-20, Span-40, Span-60, Span-80, Tween 20(Tween-20), Tween 21(Tween-21), Tween 40(Tween-40), Tween 60(Tween-60), Tween 61(Tween-61), Tween 80(Tween-80), Tween 81(Tween-81), Tween 85(Tween-85) and sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate.
The invention relates to a solar phase-change heat collector, which is characterized in that the mass ratio of the solid paraffin to the liquid paraffin is 1: 1-1: 5, more preferably 1: 3. The liquid paraffin is colorless transparent oily liquid, i.e. n-paraffin and straight-chain paraffin, such as n-hexadecane paraffin, n-heptadecane paraffin, n-octadecane paraffin, n-nonadecane paraffin, n-eicosane paraffin, n-heneicosane paraffin, n-docosane paraffin, n-tricosane paraffin, n-tetracosane paraffin, n-pentacosane paraffin, n-hexacosane paraffin, n-heptacosane paraffin, n-octacosane paraffin and n-nonacosane paraffin.
The solar phase-change heat collector is characterized in that the metal nanoparticles are one or more than two of nano copper powder, nano iron powder, nano zinc powder, nano silver powder, nano zinc oxide, nano copper oxide, graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes; the cosolvent is one of n-butanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethanol and n-amyl alcohol; the particle size of the metal nano-particles is 10-50 nm.
The invention relates to a solar phase-change heat collector, and further relates to a preparation method of the composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion, which comprises the following steps:
step (1), weighing the raw materials according to the composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion;
mixing solid paraffin and liquid paraffin, adding the mixture into a reaction kettle, heating and melting the mixture in a constant-temperature water bath, adding metal nanoparticles and an emulsifying dispersant, emulsifying the mixture at 80-90 ℃, and uniformly mixing the mixture through constant-temperature magnetic stirring and ultrasonic oscillation; cooling to 35-50 deg.C, adding surfactant and cosolvent, and adding dropwise deionized water under stirring at constant temperature.
According to the solar phase-change heat collector, the water adding amount from dropwise adding of deionized water to dropwise adding of the last water in a turbid state after dropwise adding of the last water is the maximum water adding amount.
The invention provides a low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system which comprises a solar phase-change heat collector and a phase-change heat storage water tank, wherein a superconducting liquid outlet end and a superconducting liquid inlet end are respectively communicated with a heat exchange coil positioned in the phase-change heat storage water tank through external pipelines to form a circulation loop; the phase change heat storage water tank is communicated with a user terminal through an external pipeline.
The invention relates to a low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system, which is characterized in that the wall of a phase-change heat storage water tank is provided with a water tank wall interlayer, the outer sides of the wall of the water tank are respectively provided with a tank body heat insulation layer, and the water tank wall interlayer is filled with an inorganic-organic composite phase-change solid material which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 60-80% of a mixture of an inorganic phase change material and an organic phase change material, 5-25% of a carrier material and 5-15% of a high-thermal-conductivity carbon-based material, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic phase change material to the organic phase change material is 1: 1-1: 5, preferably 1: 1.
According to the solar phase-change heating system, the traditional single solid phase-change material is changed into the binary phase-change energy-storage composite material, the inorganic-organic composite phase-change material and the composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion phase-change material are packaged at different stages to improve the whole system, and the outlet water temperature of the heat collector is obviously increased.
According to the low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system, the organic phase-change material is any one of n-hexadecane to n-nonadecane, tetradecanol decanoate, octanoic acid, lauric acid, butyl stearate and 1-dodecanol.
Further, the inorganic phase change material is Na2SO4·10H2O、CaCL2·6H2O、Ba(OH)2·8H2O,Na(CH3COO)·3H2O、LiNO3·3H2O、Na2S2O3·5H2Any one of O.
Further, the carrier material is one of bentonite, attapulgite, expanded perlite, sepiolite, vermiculite, diatomite, kaolin and rare earth; the high-thermal-conductivity carbon-based material is any one of expandable graphite, fly ash, carbon powder, nano silicon carbide, multi-layer graphene, multi-wall carbon nanotubes and nano copper. The expandable graphite, the fly ash and the carbon powder are sieved by a sieve with more than or equal to 2000 meshes.
The invention relates to a low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system, and further, the inorganic and organic composite phase-change solid material is obtained by the following method:
step (1), weighing raw materials according to an organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material;
step (2), heating the inorganic phase-change material and the organic phase-change material to a molten composite phase-change material at the temperature of 60-80 ℃; adding a high-thermal-conductivity carbon-based material into the molten composite phase-change material, uniformly stirring, adding a carrier material, stirring to disperse, placing the mixture in a vacuum drying device, vacuum drying, taking out, cooling and solidifying to obtain the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material.
Further, user terminal is phase change heat accumulation ground heating structure, phase change heat accumulation ground heating structure includes heat preservation on the floor structural layer, the mortar layer on the heat preservation, inlays to be established leveling layer and decorative layer on intraformational phase change energy storage tube of mortar, the mortar layer.
Specifically, the mortar layer can be a phase change energy storage mortar layer and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 350 parts of cement, 436 parts of fly ash, 200 parts of the inorganic-organic composite phase change solid material, 4 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 10 parts of redispersible emulsion powder.
Furthermore, the external pipeline and the phase change energy storage pipe both comprise an inner pipe and an outer pipe, the inner pipe is sleeved in the outer pipe, an interlayer is arranged between the inner pipe and the outer pipe, a working medium material passes through the interlayer, and the inner pipe is filled with the organic-inorganic composite phase change solid material which is the same as the phase change material in the interlayer of the water tank wall.
Or, the external pipeline comprises an inner pipe and an outer pipe, the inner pipe is sleeved in the outer pipe, the inner pipe is of a hollow structure and limits a metal ball in the inner pipe, and the metal ball is a ball body of the organic-inorganic composite phase change solid material, which is coated or encapsulated with a metal shell and is the same as the phase change material in the interlayer of the water tank wall.
The outer pipeline has adopted the inner tube and has hung the sleeve pipe structure that forms outward, packs phase change energy storage material in the inner tube, and the intermediate layer between the working medium follow inside and outside pipe passes through, and the heat energy storage is realized through whole system circulation phase change daytime, and the working medium reverse release latent heat heating that gives evening provides the heat, maintains stable constancy.
The refrigeration circulation pipeline comprises an air compressor, a condenser, a throttle valve and an evaporator which are sequentially connected to form the circulation pipeline; and a condenser floor heating coil of the condenser is positioned in the phase change heat storage water tank.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a solar phase-change heat collector of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-energy-consumption solar phase-change high-efficiency heating and cooling system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an external pipe in the low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a floor heating structure in the low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a cross-sectional structure of a phase-change heat storage water tank in the low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system of the present invention.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
1. an outer pipe, 2, an inner pipe, 3, a connecting piece, 4, composite nano metal particle phase change emulsion, 5, a working medium (superconducting liquid or water), 6, a solar glass pipe, 7, a superconducting liquid inlet end, 8, a superconducting liquid outlet end, 9, a superconducting liquid circulating pipe, 10, a heat collecting tank, 11, a heat insulating layer, 12, a liquid outlet, 13, a circulating water pump, 14, an auxiliary electric heating device, 15, a first communicating pipe, 16, a second communicating pipe, 17, a phase change heat storage water tank, 18, a condenser coil, 19, a throttle valve, 20, an air compressor, 21, an evaporator, 22, a user terminal, 221, a floor structure layer, 222, a heat insulating layer, 223, a mortar layer, 224, a phase change energy storage pipe structure, 225, a leveling layer, 226, a decoration layer, 23, a metal outer shell, 24, a metal inner shell, 25, a water tank wall interlayer, 26, a tank body heat insulating layer, 27, an overflow port, 29. and a flow outlet.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. Variations and advantages that may occur to those skilled in the art may be incorporated into the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept, and the scope of the appended claims is intended to be protected.
According to the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the solar phase-change heat collector comprises a heat collection box 10, a plurality of solar heat collection glass tubes 6 and a superconducting liquid circulating tube 9, wherein the solar heat collection glass tubes 6 are arranged side by side and are communicated with the heat collection box 10, composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion is arranged in the solar heat collection glass tubes 6 and the heat collection box 10, a liquid discharge port 12 is arranged at the lower end of the heat collection box 10, and the superconducting liquid circulating tube 9 is spirally arranged in the heat collection box and has two ends respectively provided with a superconducting liquid outlet port 8 and a superconducting liquid inlet port 7; the superconducting liquid outlet end 8 and the superconducting liquid inlet end 7 are respectively communicated with a floor heating coil positioned in the heat storage water tank through an external pipeline (a first external communication pipeline 15) to form a heat storage circulation pipeline, and the heat storage water tank can be a phase change heat storage water tank 17; the external pipeline can be in a phase-change energy storage pipe structure, and working media 5 flow through the superconducting liquid circulating pipe 9.
As shown in fig. 3, the solar phase-change heating system with low energy consumption according to the embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that the solar phase-change heating system comprises the solar phase-change heat collector and a phase-change heat storage water tank 17, wherein a superconducting fluid outlet end 8 and a superconducting fluid inlet end 7 are respectively communicated with a heat exchange coil in the phase-change heat storage water tank 17 through external pipes to form a circulation loop; the phase change heat storage water tank 17 is communicated with a user terminal 22 through an external pipeline (a second external communication pipeline 16).
As shown in fig. 5, the water tank wall of the phase-change heat storage water tank has a water tank wall interlayer, which can be formed by a metal outer shell and a metal inner shell, the upper part of the water tank has an overflow, 27 is lower than the inflow 28 of the overflow 27 and the outflow 30 on one side of the lower part of the water tank, and compared with the outflow 30 in the heat storage water tank, a phase-change material packaging pipe 30 can be further arranged, namely, the outer side of the water tank wall is provided with a tank heat-insulating layer 26, the water tank wall interlayer is formed by the metal outer shell 25 and the metal inner shell 24, and the inorganic-organic composite phase-change solid material is filled in the water: 60-80% of a mixture of an inorganic phase change material and an organic phase change material, 5-25% of a carrier material and 5-15% of a high-thermal-conductivity carbon-based material, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic phase change material to the organic phase change material is 1: 1-1: 5; a phase-change material packaging pipe can be arranged in the phase-change heat storage water tank, namely, a metal pipeline is adopted to package the phase-change material. The wall of the water tank can be made of metal (the wall thickness of 304 stainless steel is more than or equal to 2mm, the thickness of a steel plate is more than or equal to 4mm), the thickness of an interlayer (a heat storage layer) can be 30mm, and a heat insulation layer of the tank body can be a polyurethane heat insulation layer with the thickness of 30 mm;
an auxiliary electric heating device 14 can be further arranged in the phase change heat storage water tank to solve the problem that the water tank is sunny in long-term rainy days, and reverse auxiliary heating is carried out.
Specifically, a superconducting liquid outlet end and a superconducting liquid inlet end on the solar phase-change heat collector are respectively communicated with a heat exchange coil positioned in the phase-change heat storage water tank through external pipelines to form a circulating pipeline; and water in the phase change heat storage water tank is communicated with a user terminal through an external pipeline. As shown in fig. 3, the external pipe includes an inner pipe 2 and an outer pipe 1, the inner pipe 2 is sleeved in the outer pipe 1, a pipe interlayer is arranged between the inner pipe 2 and the outer pipe 1, a working medium material (superconducting liquid or water) passes through the pipe interlayer, and the inner pipe is filled with the inorganic-organic composite phase-change solid material. The external pipeline can be subjected to heat preservation treatment.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the refrigeration cycle further includes an air compressor 20, a condenser, a throttle valve 19 and an evaporator 21 connected in sequence to form the cycle; a condenser coil 18 is located within the phase change thermal storage water tank 17.
As shown in fig. 4, the user terminal 22 is a phase change heat storage floor heating structure, and includes a heat insulation layer 222 on a floor slab structure layer 221, a mortar layer 223 on the heat insulation layer 222, a phase change energy storage tube structure 224 embedded in the mortar layer 223, a leveling layer 225 on the mortar layer 223, and a decoration layer 226, where the phase change energy storage tube structure includes an inner tube 2 and an outer tube 1, the inner tube 2 is sleeved in the outer tube 1, a liquid flow channel is provided between the inner tube 2 and the outer tube 1, and the inner tube 2 and the outer tube 1 are fixed by a connecting member 3; the inner tube is filled with the inorganic-organic composite phase-change solid material; or the inner pipe is sleeved in the outer pipe, the inner pipe is of a hollow structure and is internally limited with a metal ball, and the metal ball is a ball body of the organic-inorganic composite phase change solid material, wherein the phase change material is the same as that in the interlayer of the water tank wall, and is coated or encapsulated by a metal shell; the liquid flow channel is filled with superconducting liquid or water. The mortar layer can be a phase-change mortar layer added with the inorganic-organic composite phase-change solid material. The inner pipe can be made of copper pipe, stainless steel pipe, aluminum pipe, steel pipe and other metal pipes with good heat transfer, and inorganic-organic composite phase-change solid material is filled inside the inner pipe.
The invention relates to a low-energy-consumption solar phase-change efficient heating and refrigerating system.A hot working medium of a solar water heating system supplies floor heating by flowing through a ground heating coil pipe network made of a phase-change energy storage pipe structure in winter, stores heat in an inner pipe of the ground heating coil pipe network and a phase-change energy storage mortar layer around the ground heating coil pipe through a circulating system, and supplies heat to a floor at constant temperature, and when the room temperature and the medium in the pipe are lower than the phase-change temperature of a phase-change material and a phase-change energy storage layer material of the inner pipe of the ground heating coil pipe at night, the phase-change material and the phase-change energy storage layer release heat automatically, and the room is heated by.
The temperature of ground heating coil compares in ordinary low temperature hot water radiation heating floor for phase transition heat accumulation ground heating structure, distinguishes the laying that the place just lies in the ground heating coil of phase transition energy storage tube structure, and when hot water was to indoor heat supply among the ground heating coil, heat transfer passed through, the phase change material of ground heating coil inner tube and the phase change material on phase change mortar layer, phase change material heat absorption phase transition this moment, and a large amount of heats are stored with the latent heat form, release when indoor needs heat supply.
In the phase change heat storage heating floor structure, the floor heating coil is directly placed on the heat insulation layer of the floor slab structure layer, the downward heat flux density is very small, and the small heat loss in the heating process is ensured. The structure continues the advantage of radiation heating of a common low-temperature hot water floor, simultaneously has the characteristics of a phase change heat storage device, can store redundant heat in the daytime in a phase change material, can favorably regulate and control indoor thermal environment in intermittent heating and original thermal timeliness limitation heating, further improves the thermal comfort of a human body, and favorably promotes energy conservation and consumption reduction of a building. In summer, valves of other systems and the heat collector are closed except for providing a kitchen and bath hot water system; the working medium continuously dissipates heat through the water tank evaporator to reduce the temperature of the working medium, the working medium cools and refrigerates the indoor space through the floor heating coil net and the fan coil system, indoor heat or heat stored in an inner pipe of the floor heating coil and a phase change energy storage layer around the floor heating coil is taken away through the working medium of the circulating system, the indoor temperature is reduced, and the room is maintained at the basically constant temperature.
Example 1
The composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion comprises 1000kg of solid paraffin, liquid paraffin, metal nano particles, an emulsifying dispersant, a surfactant, a cosolvent and deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of the solid paraffin to the liquid paraffin is 1:3, 10kg of nano copper particles, 10kg of the emulsifying dispersant Span-8010 kg, 10kg of the surfactant Tween-8050 kg, 10kg of cosolvent n-butyl alcohol and 100kg of the deionized water. The particle size of the nano-copper particles is 30 nm.
The composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion is obtained by the following method: mixing solid paraffin and liquid paraffin, adding the mixture into a reaction kettle, putting the mixture into a constant-temperature water bath pool with the set temperature of 50 ℃ for heating and melting, adding 30nm of nano-copper particles, adding an emulsifying dispersant Span-80, dispersing for 45min by using a constant-temperature magnetic stirrer at the emulsifying temperature of 85 ℃ and the stirring speed of 1000r/min, respectively carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 30min by using an ultrasonic processor to realize uniform mixing of the solution, cooling to 40 ℃, adding a surfactant Tween-80 at the rotating speed of 600r/min, adding a cosolvent n-butyl alcohol, keeping the water bath temperature at 4 ℃, and dropwise adding deionized water at the rotating speed of 200r/min to obtain the composite nano-metal particle phase-change emulsion, wherein the performance parameters of the phase-change emulsion are shown in a table 1-1.
TABLE 1-1. composite nanometer metal particle phase change emulsion Performance index
Example 1 the composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion is applied to the solar phase-change heat collector, namely the composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion is arranged in the solar glass tube and the heat collection box; the performance indexes of the solar phase-change heat collector are shown in tables 1-2.
TABLE 1-2 Performance index of composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion applied to solar phase-change heat collector
The organic-inorganic composite phase change solid material in the embodiment of the invention is an inorganic phase change material Na (CH)3COO).3H280% of a mixture of O and organic phase change material n-eicosane paraffin, 15% of expanded perlite and 5% of expandable graphite, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic phase change material to the organic phase change material is 1: 1.
the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material is obtained by the following method: mixing n-eicosane paraffin and Na (CH) as above3COO).3H2Sequentially adding the O composite phase-change material into a reaction kettle, and heating to a molten state at 70 ℃ to obtain the composite phase-change material; (2) adding expandable graphite into the molten composite phase-change material to form a mixture, and stirring for 30min at the rotating speed of 600r/min by using a magnetic stirrer; (3) adding the expanded perlite into the mixture obtained in the step (2), stirring the mixture for 30min at the rotating speed of 600r/min by using a magnetic stirrer, and then putting the mixture into ultrasonic dispersion to perform ultrasonic dispersion at the frequency of 53KHZ and performing ultrasonic dispersion at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 30 min; (4) putting the mixture obtained in the step (3) into a vacuum drying device, and drying for 40min at 80 ℃ in a vacuum environment of 0.1 mpa; (5) and (4) cooling the mixture obtained in the step (4) in air until the mixture is completely solidified to obtain the paraffin composite Na (CH)3COO).3H2The performance indexes of the O phase-change material and the obtained organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material are shown in tables 1-3.
TABLE 1-3. Performance index of organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid Material in example 1
As shown in the phase change heat storage water tank shown in FIG. 5, the novel water tank mainly comprises a cylindrical or rectangular water tank body (the outer diameter: the height: 3: 4, the length: the width: the height: 3: 4), the water tank wall adopts an interlayer design, the water tank wall adopts a metal material (the wall thickness of 304 stainless steel is more than or equal to 2mm, the steel plate is more than or equal to 4mm), the thickness of the water tank phase change material interlayer (heat storage layer) is 30mm, and an inorganic-organic composite phase change solid material or a metal (copper) coated and encapsulated inorganic-organic composite phase change solid material ball is filled in the interlayer; arranging metal tubes or hollow metal tubes in the water tank according to a design interval, filling inorganic-organic composite phase-change solid materials in the metal tubes, and coating and packaging inorganic-organic composite phase-change solid material balls on the hollow metal tubes by metal (copper); and a polyurethane heat-insulating layer with the thickness of 30mm is arranged on the outermost layer of the wall of the water tank. Meanwhile, an electric heating rod with certain power can be arranged at a lower position in the water tank to heat water in the water tank, and the electric heating rod is only used as an auxiliary heating device to solve the problem of no sun in long-term rainy weather and perform reverse auxiliary heating; the water tank is provided with the evaporator heat dissipation and refrigeration device to solve the problem of refrigeration in summer, the whole system can be in butt joint with devices such as an air source, and the devices only solve the problem of sunless reverse auxiliary heating or auxiliary refrigeration in continuous rainy days and do not serve as a main heat source device.
The organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material of the embodiment 1 is filled in the interlayer, and the phase-change heat storage water tank has the following performance indexes shown in tables 1-4.
TABLE 1-4 Performance indices of phase change thermal storage water tank
As shown in figure 3, the inner and outer sleeves are used for conveying working medium pipelines, the outer pipe is a galvanized steel pipe, the inner pipe is a copper pipe, and the inner pipe is filled with paraffin wax and compounded with Na (CH)3COO).3H2The radiation floor coil pipe is embedded with PE-RT pipe, the inner pipe is copper pipe filled with paraffin compounded with Na (CH) and is made of O phase change material3COO).3H2O phase change material, external pipeline parameters are as shown in tables 1-5 and performance index tables 1-6.
TABLE 1-5 working medium pipeline parameters for inner and outer sleeve
TABLE 1-6 Performance index of working medium pipeline for inner and outer sleeve pipe conveying using solid material of example 1
The invention relates to a floor heating structure, wherein phase change energy storage mortar (concrete) is prepared from 350kg of cement, 436kg of fly ash and n-eicosane paraffin composite Na (CH)3COO).3H2200kg of O phase change material, 4kg of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 10kg of redispersible emulsion powder; the process comprises (1) compounding the n-eicosane paraffin with Na (CH) according to the proportion3COO).3H2Heating the O phase change material to a molten state at 70 ℃; (2) adding fly ash into the molten composite phase change material to form a mixture, and stirring for 30min at the rotating speed of 600r/min by using a magnetic stirrer; (3) adding cellulose and re-dispersible latex powder into the mixture (2), stirring the mixture for 30min at the rotating speed of 600r/min by a magnetic stirrer (3), and cooling the mixture in the air until the mixture is completely solidified to obtain n-eicosane paraffin composite Na (CH)3COO).3H2O phase change energy storage mortar (concrete);
heating terminalThe physical description heat storage model of the energy storage floor is a rectangular folded structure, and as shown in figure 4, the floor structure layer sequentially comprises a floor structure layer, a hard extruded sheet heat insulation layer with the thickness of 30mm, a DN32 galvanized steel pipe outer pipe and a 7mm copper pipe with built-in n-eicosane paraffin composite Na (CH)3COO).3H2O phase-change material branch pipe, 60mm thick phase-change energy-storage mortar (concrete) layer, PE-RT outer pipe of DN25 and 5mm copper pipe with built-in paraffin composite Na (CH)3COO).3H2The O phase change material charging tray pipe layer, the pipeline is evenly laid, the coil pipe interval of living room, passageway and dining room is 250mm, bedroom and kitchen are 200mm, the bathroom is 150mm, the coil pipe needs to keep 150 mm's distance from the wall, the great outer wall of heat loss, the region such as exterior window, outer door can be encrypted and lay, each coil pipe loop length equals as far as possible and length should not exceed 120m, 20 thick phase change mortar screed-coat, 10 thick marble ground decorative layers, the working medium in the coil pipe is superconducting liquid, ground and side wall set up 30 thick side heat insulation layers.
Project application test of the above structure
The project is located in suburb county of Xining city, Qinghai province, local altitude 3015m, drought, rain, sunshine sufficiency and large day-night temperature difference. The annual average air temperature is 5.6 ℃, the annual maximum air temperature is 32.5 ℃, the annual minimum air temperature is-29.8 ℃, and the annual average sunshine number is 3018h, and floor heating is laid in a living room, a secondary bedroom, a main bedroom, a kitchen, a passageway and a toilet. The load is calculated according to the outdoor temperature calculated by minus 20 ℃, the indoor design of the heating is calculated by 16 ℃, temperature probes are arranged at the positions 1.5m in the middle of a living room, a dining room, a master bedroom and a sunshine room, the temperatures of return water, the outdoor water tank and the water tank are also monitored, and the temperature change is recorded every hour. The heat load calculation table of the application and the heat supply amount of 24h was 2.91xlO when the load factor of 0.7 was considered5The physical properties of the KJ materials are shown in tables 1-7 and 1-8.
TABLE 1-7 Heat load calculation Table
| Location of a body part | Square meter | Unit load W/square meter | Load W |
| Parlor | 29.07 | 49 | 1424.43 |
| Bedroom | 16.83 | 69 | 1161.27 |
| Dining room | 14.85 | 46 | 683.1 |
| Toilet and passing way | 11.97 | 44 | 526.68 |
| Kitchen cabinet | 7.92 | 45 | 356.4 |
| Total of | 80.64 | 4151.88 |
Tables 1-8 Heat supply for 24h is 2.91xlO when considering a load factor of 0.75Physical property parameter of kJ material
Example 1 latent Heat of phase Change of solid phase Change Material 217.57kJ/kg, solid Density 1195kg/m3The filling layer and the filling layer are paved into 80.64 square meters with the thickness of 80mm, the content of the phase change heat storage material is 20 percent, and the theoretical heat storage can reach 80.64 square meters with the thickness of 0.08mx20 percent and the thickness of 1195x217.57 which is 3.50x105 kJ; in addition, phase change materials are added into a PE-RT coil pipe of DN25, wherein the diameter of the copper pipe in the inner pipe is 5mm, and the length of the copper pipe is 537m,537x3.14x0.0025x0.0025x1195x217.57 which is 2.74xl03 KJ;
the test started on day 1, 15, 2015 and ended on day 1, 30 for two consecutive weeks; the outdoor temperature is below 0 ℃ for most of the time except that the temperature reaches 5 ℃ above zero in 1 month and 20 days, and is lowest below-24 ℃; the temperature of the water tank is more in three days except 19-21 days, the temperature is about 45 ℃ at most in the daytime, and the water temperature reaches 75 ℃ in other days. Wherein, the 16 days and 23 days have short cloud cover to shield the sunlight; the lowest room temperature occurs 9 before sunrise: 00, a circulating pump is started, the temperature stratification phenomenon of a floor structure layer is obvious in the initial stage of heat storage, because the heat dissipation tail end of the floor adopts a capillary network and a heat supply mode of the same formula, the distribution of the surface temperature of the floor is uniform, the heat conductivity coefficient of cement mortar is larger than that of a phase change material, the temperature of the cement mortar rises faster near a heat source, the surface temperature of the floor reaches about 22.4 ℃ on average, when the heat storage is carried out for 5 hours, the phase change material is only not melted in a right-angled local area near the floor, the cement mortar transfers heat to the side of the phase change material, and the temperature of the floor rises slowly; the surface temperature of the floor is maintained at 26.1 ℃ after heat storage, the heat storage effect is good, most of phase change materials are melted in the heat storage process of 8 hours, the surface temperature of the floor is evenly graded after heat storage is finished, the average temperature reaches 30.1 ℃, the heat storage effect is good, and the highest temperature point appears at 20 ℃ in the afternoon: 00, closing the circulating water pump; in the initial stage of heat release, the phase-change materials in the phase-change energy storage layer and the inner sleeve have larger temperature difference with other areas, the surface temperature of the phase-change floor is slowly reduced, and the surface temperature of the floor can still be maintained at about 20.5 ℃ after 6h of heat release; the phase change material continuously releases heat, and the average temperature of the floor surface can reach 19.8 ℃ when the heat release is carried out to 12 h; most of the phase-change material is solidified, the temperature of each layer of the floor structure layer is approximately consistent, and the surface temperature of the floor is reduced to the lowest temperature of 17.9 DEG C
Example 2
The composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion comprises 1000kg of solid paraffin, liquid paraffin, metal nano particles, an emulsifying dispersant, a surfactant, a cosolvent and deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of the solid paraffin to the liquid paraffin is 1:4, 50kg of nano copper oxide particles, 50kg of emulsifying dispersant Span-805 kg and Tween-805 kg, 50kg of surfactant Tween-80150 kg, 15kg of cosolvent n-butyl alcohol and 50kg of deionized water.
The composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion is obtained by the following method: mixing solid paraffin and liquid paraffin, adding the mixture into a reaction kettle, heating and melting the mixture in a constant-temperature water bath pool with the set temperature of 50 ℃, adding nano copper oxide particles with the particle size of 30nm, adding emulsifying dispersing agents Span-80 and Tween-80, stirring the mixture at the emulsifying temperature of 85 ℃ and the stirring speed of 1000r/min, dispersing the mixture for 45min by using a constant-temperature magnetic stirrer, and then respectively carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 30min by using an ultrasonic processor to realize uniform mixing of the solution; cooling to 40 ℃, adding a surfactant Tween-20 at the rotating speed of 600r/min, and adding a cosolvent isopropanol; keeping the temperature of the water bath at 4 ℃, and dripping deionized water under the condition of the rotating speed of 200r/min to obtain the composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion, wherein the performance parameters of the phase-change emulsion are shown in a table 2-1.
TABLE 2-1. composite nanometer metal particle phase change emulsion Performance index
TABLE 2-2. Performance index of composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion applied to solar phase-change heat collector
Organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material, inorganic phase-change material Na2S2O3.5H270% of a mixture of O and organic phase change material n-hexadecane paraffin, 20% of attapulgite and 10% of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic phase change material to the organic phase change material is 2: 3.
the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material is obtained by the following method: (1) n-hexadecane paraffin and Na are mixed as described above2S2O3.5H2Sequentially adding the O composite phase-change material into a reaction kettle, and heating to a molten state at 70 ℃ to obtain the composite phase-change material; (2) adding the multi-walled carbon nanotubes into the molten composite phase change material to form a mixture, and stirring for 30min at the rotating speed of 600r/min by using a magnetic stirrer; (3) adding attapulgite into the mixture obtained in the step (2), stirring for 30min at the rotating speed of 600r/min by using a magnetic stirrer, and then ultrasonically dispersing the mixture at the frequency of 53KHZ for 30min at the temperature of 60 ℃; (4) putting the mixture obtained in the step (3) into a vacuum drying device, and drying for 40min at 80 ℃ in a vacuum environment of 0.1 mpa; (5) and (4) cooling the mixture obtained in the step (4) in air until the mixture is completely solidified to obtain n-hexadecane paraffin composite Na2S2O3.5H2And the performance indexes of the O phase-change material are shown in tables 2-3.
TABLE 2-3. example 2 organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid Material
| Item | Na2S2O3.5H2O | N-hexadecane paraffin wax | Example 2 |
| Phase transition temperature/. degree.C | 47.76 | 16.7 | 26.88 |
| Peak temperature/. degree.C | 49.0 | 18.20 | 45.76 |
| Latent heat of phase change kJ/kg | 210.74 | 237.0 | 198.94 |
| Coefficient of thermal conductivity w/m.k | 0.476 | 0.28 | 0.523 |
| Density of phase change material kg/m3 | 1666 | 774 | 1175 |
As a heat storage water tank shown in FIG. 5, the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material of example 2 was used. The phase change heat storage water tank has the following performance indexes shown in tables 2-4.
TABLE 2-4 Performance indices of phase change thermal storage water tank
As shown in fig. 3, the inner and outer sleeves convey working medium pipelines, the outer pipe adopts a galvanized steel pipe, the inner pipe adopts a copper pipe, the inner pipe is filled with the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material of example 2, the radiant floor coil pipe adopts a PE-RT buried pipe, the inner pipe adopts a copper pipe, the inner pipe is filled with the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material of example 2, and the pipeline parameters are as shown in the following tables 2-5.
TABLE 2-5 working medium pipeline parameters for inner and outer sleeve
TABLE 2-6. example 2 Performance index of pipeline for external delivery of working medium by inner and outer sleeves of solid phase change material
The invention relates to a floor heating structure, wherein phase change energy storage mortar (concrete) is prepared by mixing 350kg of cement, 436kg of fly ash and n-hexadecane paraffin composite Na2S2O3.5H2O phase transition200kg of materials, 4kg of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 10kg of redispersible emulsion powder; the preparation process is the same as in example 1.
The physical description heat storage model of the heating tail end energy storage floor is a rectangular folded structure, and as shown in figure 4, the floor structure layer sequentially comprises a floor structure layer, a hard extruded sheet heat insulation layer with the thickness of 30mm, a DN32 galvanized steel pipe outer pipe and a 7mm copper pipe built-in N-hexadecane paraffin composite N from bottom to topa2S2O3.5H2O phase-change material branch pipe, 60mm thick phase-change energy-storage mortar (concrete), PE-RT outer pipe of DN25 and 5mm copper pipe with built-in n-hexadecane paraffin composite Na2S2O3.5H2O phase change material's coil pipe layer, the pipeline is evenly laid, the sitting room, passageway and dining room coil pipe interval are 250mm, bedroom and kitchen are 200mm, the bathroom is 150mm, the coil pipe need keep 150 mm's distance from the wall, the great outer wall of heat loss, the exterior window, the region such as outer door can be encrypted and is laid, each coil pipe loop length equals as far as possible and length should not exceed 120m, 20mm thick phase change mortar (concrete) screed-coat, 10mm thick marble ground decorative layer, the working medium in the coil pipe is superconducting liquid, ground and side wall set up the thick side heat insulation layer of 30 mm.
Project application test of the above structure
The project is located in suburb county of Xining city, Qinghai province, local altitude 3015m, drought, rain, sunshine sufficiency and large day-night temperature difference. The annual average air temperature is 5.6 ℃, the annual maximum air temperature is 32.5 ℃, the annual minimum air temperature is-29.8 ℃, and the annual average sunshine number is 3018h, and floor heating is laid in a living room, a secondary bedroom, a main bedroom, a kitchen, a passageway and a toilet. The load is calculated according to the outdoor temperature calculated by minus 20 ℃, the indoor design of the heating is calculated by 16 ℃, temperature probes are arranged at the positions 1.5m in the middle of a living room, a dining room, a master bedroom and a sunshine room, the temperatures of return water, the outdoor water tank and the water tank are also monitored, and the temperature change is recorded every hour. Heat load calculation Table and the heat supply amount for 24h was 2.91xlO when the load factor of 0.7 was considered5The physical properties of the KJ material were the same as those of example 1.
Example 2 phase change latent heat 198.94kJ/kg, solid density 1175kg/m3, about 80.64 square meters are paved on the filling layer and the filling layer, the thickness is 80mm, the content of the phase change heat storage material is 20%, and the theoretical heat storage can reach 80.64 square meters x0.08mx 20%, x1175x198.94-3.01 x105 kJ; in addition, phase change materials are added into the PE-RT coil pipe of DN25, wherein the diameter of the copper pipe in the inner pipe is 5mm, and the length is 537m,537x3.14x0.0025x0.0025x1175x198.94 is 2.46xl03 KJ;
the test started on day 10 at month 1 and ended on day 25 at month 1 in 2016 for two consecutive weeks; the outdoor temperature is below 0 ℃ and the lowest temperature is minus 25 ℃; the temperature of the water tank reaches 70 ℃ in the daytime; the lowest room temperature occurs 8 before sunrise: 35, a circulating pump is started, the temperature stratification phenomenon of the floor structure layer is obvious in the initial stage of heat storage, because the heat dissipation tail end of the floor adopts a capillary network and a heat supply mode of the same formula, the distribution of the surface temperature of the floor is uniform, the heat conductivity coefficient of cement mortar is larger than that of a phase change material, the temperature of the cement mortar rises faster near a heat source, the surface temperature of the floor reaches about 20.6 ℃ on average, when the heat storage is carried out for 5 hours, the phase change material is only not melted in a right-angled local area near the floor, the cement mortar transfers heat to the side of the phase change material, and the temperature of the floor rises slowly; when the heat storage is finished, the surface temperature of the floor is maintained at 22.3 ℃, the heat storage effect is good, most of the phase-change material is melted in the heat storage process of 8 hours, the surface temperature of the floor is evenly divided when the heat storage is finished, the average temperature reaches 24.7 ℃, the heat storage effect is good, and the highest point of the temperature appears at 20 ℃ in the afternoon: 10, turning off the circulating water pump; in the initial stage of heat release, the phase change materials in the phase change energy storage mortar layer and the inner sleeve have larger temperature difference with other areas, the surface temperature of the phase change floor is slowly reduced, and the surface temperature of the floor can still be maintained at about 18.3 ℃ after 6h of heat release; the phase change material continuously releases heat, and the average temperature of the floor surface can reach 17.4 ℃ when the heat release is carried out to 12 h; after which the phase change material mostly solidifies, the temperature of each layer of the floor structure layer approaches consistency, and the temperature of the floor surface is reduced to the minimum temperature of 16.2 ℃.
Example 3
The composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion comprises 1000kg of solid paraffin, liquid paraffin, metal nanoparticles, an emulsifying dispersant, a surfactant, a cosolvent and deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of the solid paraffin to the liquid paraffin is 1:2, 30kg of 30nm graphene oxide powder, the emulsifying dispersant Span-402 kg, Span-605 kg, Tween-402 kg and Tween-605 kg, the surfactant sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate is 100kg, the cosolvent n-amyl alcohol is 15kg, and the deionized water is 50 kg.
The composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion is obtained by the following method: mixing solid paraffin and liquid paraffin, adding the mixture into a reaction kettle, heating and melting the mixture in a constant-temperature water bath pool with the set temperature of 50 ℃, adding graphene oxide powder with the particle size of 30nm, emulsifying dispersing agents Span-40 and Span-60, Tween-40 and Tween-60, stirring at the stirring speed of 1000r/min at the emulsifying temperature of 85 ℃, dispersing for 45min by using a constant-temperature magnetic stirrer, and then respectively carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 30min by using an ultrasonic processor to realize uniform mixing of the solution; cooling to 40 ℃, adding sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate as a surfactant at the rotating speed of 600r/min, and adding n-amyl alcohol as a cosolvent; keeping the temperature of the water bath at 4 ℃, and dripping deionized water under the condition of the rotating speed of 200r/min to obtain the composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion, wherein the performance parameters of the phase-change emulsion are shown in a table 3-1.
TABLE 3-1. composite nanometer metal particle phase change emulsion Performance index
The phase change energy storage tube structure comprises an inner tube and an outer tube, wherein the inner tube is sleeved in the outer tube, a tube interlayer is arranged between the inner tube and the outer tube, a working medium material passes through the tube interlayer, and composite nano metal particle phase change emulsion is filled in the inner tube.
TABLE 3-2 Performance index of the composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion applied to the solar phase-change heat collector
Organic-inorganic composite phase change solid material, inorganic phase change material CaCL2.6H260% of a mixture of O and organic phase change material n-docosane paraffin, 25% of diatomite and 15% of nano silicon carbide, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic phase change material to the organic phase change material is 1:4 (n-docosane paraffin 80%, 20% CaCL2.6H2O)。
The organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material is obtained by the following method: (1) the n-docosane paraffin and the CaCL are mixed according to the above2.6H2Sequentially adding the O composite phase-change material into a reaction kettle, and heating to a molten state at 70 ℃ to obtain the composite phase-change material; (2) adding the nano silicon carbide into the composite phase change material in the molten state to form a mixture, and stirring for 30min at the rotating speed of 600r/min by adopting a magnetic stirrer; (3) adding attapulgite into the mixture obtained in the step (2), stirring for 30min at the rotating speed of 600r/min by using a magnetic stirrer, and then ultrasonically dispersing the mixture at the frequency of 53KHZ for 30min at the temperature of 60 ℃; (4) putting the mixture obtained in the step (3) into a vacuum drying device, and drying for 40min at 80 ℃ in a vacuum environment of 0.1 mpa; (5) and (4) cooling the mixture obtained in the step (4) in air until the mixture is completely solidified to obtain the n-docosane paraffin composite CaCL2.6H2And the performance indexes of the O phase-change material are shown in tables 3-3.
TABLE 3-3. example 3 organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid Material
| Item | CaCL2.6H2O | N-docosane paraffin wax | Example 3 |
| Phase transition temperature/. degree.C | 29.0 | 44.0 | 38.60 |
| Peak temperature/. degree.C | 30.0 | 44.50 | 40.11 |
| Latent heat of phase change kJ/kg | 190.8 | 157.0 | 179.90 |
| Coefficient of thermal conductivity w/m.k | 0.540 | 0.21 | 0.36 |
| Density of phase change material kg/m3 | 1562 | 769 | 1238 |
As shown in fig. 5, the interlayer of the wall of the heat storage water tank adopts the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material of the embodiment 3. The phase change heat storage water tank has the following performance indexes shown in tables 3-4.
TABLE 3-4. Performance index of phase change thermal storage water tank
| Item | Common water tank | Example 3 |
| Duration of the test/h | 7.13 | 8.03 |
| Duration of phase transition/h | / | 3.17 |
| Total heat storage/MJ | 45.62 | 259.44 |
| Water heat storage quantity/MJ | 45.62 | 32.54 |
| Phase change material heat storage/MJ | / | 226.90 |
| Heat storage ratio of phase change material% | / | 90.3 |
| Average heat storage strength/KW of phase change process water tank | 1.20 | 1.63 |
| Average heat storage strength/KW of phase change process material | / | 1.28 |
| Heat collection efficiency/%) | 0.64 | 0.96 |
| Total electricity consumption/MJ | 24.12 | 24.28 |
| COP | 1.89 | 9.09 |
As shown in fig. 3, the inner and outer sleeves convey working medium pipelines, the outer pipe adopts a galvanized steel pipe, the inner pipe adopts a copper pipe, the inner pipe is filled with the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material of example 3, the radiant floor coil adopts a PE-RT buried pipe, the inner pipe adopts a copper pipe, the inner pipe is filled with the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material of example 3, and the pipeline parameters are as follows from table 3 to table 5.
TABLE 3-5 working medium pipeline parameters for inner and outer sleeve
TABLE 3-6 Performance index of working medium pipeline conveyed by inner and outer sleeves adopting phase change material of example 3
| Ginseng with physical propertiesNumber of | Solidification regime | Melting regime |
| Density of phase change material kg/m3 | 1038 | 1238 |
| Phase change material hot melt kJ/g.k | 3.05 | 3.05 |
| Coefficient of thermal conductivity w/m.k | 1.726 | 1.724 |
| Latent heat of phase change kJ/kg | 179.90 | 179.90 |
| Phase transition solidification temperature | 38.60 | 38.60 |
| Phase transition melting temperature | 40.11 | 40.11 |
| Density of working medium kg/m3 | 1180 | 1180 |
| Working medium hot melting kJ/g.k | 3.83 | 3.83 |
The invention relates to a floor heating structure, wherein the mass ratio of phase change energy storage mortar (concrete) to cement is 350kg, fly ash is 436kg, and n-docosane paraffin is compounded into CaCL2.6H2200kg of O phase change material, 4kg of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 10kg of redispersible emulsion powder; the preparation process is the same as in example 1.
The physical description heat storage model of the heating tail end energy storage floor is of a rectangular folded structure, as shown in figure 4, the physical description heat storage model of the heating tail end energy storage floor is of a rectangular folded structure, and as shown in the figure, floor structure layers sequentially comprise a floor slab structure layer, a 30mm thick hard extruded sheet heat insulation layer, a DN32 galvanized steel pipe outer pipe and a 7mm copper pipe built-in n-docosane paraffin composite CaCL2.6H2O phase-change material branch pipe, 60-thick phase-change energy-storage mortar (concrete) layer, PE-RT outer pipe of DN25 and n-docosane paraffin composite CaCL arranged in 5mm copper pipe2.6H2The system comprises O phase-change material coil pipes, pipelines and a wall, wherein the O phase-change material coil pipes are uniformly laid, the distance between a drawing room, a passageway and a restaurant coil pipe is 250mm, the distance between a bedroom and a kitchen is 200mm, the distance between a toilet is 150mm, the coil pipe and the wall needs to be kept at 150mm, areas with large heat loss, such as an outer wall, an outer window, an outer door and the like, can be laid in an encrypted mode, the loop lengths of the coil pipes are equal to each other as much as possible, the lengths of the coil pipes are not more than 120m, a 20-thick phase-change mortar (concrete) leveling layer and a 10-mm-;
project application test of the above structure
The project is located in suburb county of Xining city, Qinghai province, local altitude 3015m, drought, rain, sunshine sufficiency and large day-night temperature difference. The annual average air temperature is 5.6 ℃, the annual maximum air temperature is 32.5 ℃, the annual minimum air temperature is-29.8 ℃, and the annual average sunshine number is 3018h, and floor heating is laid in a living room, a secondary bedroom, a main bedroom, a kitchen, a passageway and a toilet. The load is calculated according to the outdoor temperature of the heating room of-20 ℃, the indoor design of the heating room is 16 ℃, temperature probes are arranged at the positions 1.5m in the middle of a living room, a dining room, a master bedroom and a sunlight room, the temperatures of the backwater, the outdoor water tank and the water tank are also monitored, and the temperature change is recorded every hourAnd (4) transforming. Heat load calculation Table and the heat supply amount for 24h was 2.91xlO when the load factor of 0.7 was considered5The physical properties of the KJ material were the same as those of example 1.
Example 3 latent Heat of phase Change 179.90kJ/kg, solid Density 1283kg/m3The filling layer and the filling layer are laid into 80.64 square meters with thickness of 80mm, the content of phase change heat storage material is 20%, the theoretical heat storage can reach 80.64 square meters with x 0.08x 20% x179.90x 1283-2.98 x105kJ; in addition, phase change materials are added into the PE-RT coil pipe of DN25 with the diameter of 5mm, and the length is 537m,537x3.14x0.0025x0.0025x1283x179.9 ═ 2.43x103kJ。
The test starts from 20 days 12 and 20 months in 2017 and ends at 5 days 1 and 5 months in 2018, and the outdoor temperature is continuously kept for two weeks, all the time is below 0 ℃ and the lowest temperature is minus 26 ℃; the temperature and the water temperature of the water tank reach 65 ℃; the lowest room temperature occurs 7 before sunrise: 30, a circulating pump is started, the temperature stratification phenomenon of the floor structure layer is obvious in the initial stage of heat storage, because the heat dissipation tail end of the floor adopts a capillary network and a heat supply mode of the same formula, the distribution of the surface temperature of the floor is uniform, the heat conductivity coefficient of cement mortar is larger than that of a phase change material, the temperature of the cement mortar rises faster near a heat source, the surface temperature of the floor reaches about 18.6 ℃ on average, when the heat storage is carried out for 5 hours, the phase change material is only not melted in a right-angled local area near the floor, the cement mortar transfers heat to the side of the phase change material, and the temperature of the floor rises slowly; when the heat storage is finished, the surface temperature of the floor is maintained at 21.1 ℃, the heat storage effect is good, most of the phase-change material is melted in the heat storage process of 8 hours, the surface temperature of the floor is evenly divided when the heat storage is finished, the average temperature reaches 22.5 ℃, the heat storage effect is good, and the highest point of the temperature appears at 20 ℃ in the afternoon: 30, turning off the circulating water pump; in the initial stage of heat release, the phase change materials in the phase change energy storage mortar layer and the inner sleeve have larger temperature difference with other areas, the surface temperature of the phase change floor is slowly reduced, and the surface temperature of the floor can still be maintained at about 17.4 ℃ after 6h of heat release; the phase change material continuously releases heat, and the average temperature of the floor surface can reach 16.3 ℃ when the heat release is carried out to 12 h; most of the phase change material will solidify thereafter, the temperature of the layers of the floor structure will approach unity and the temperature of the floor surface will drop to a minimum sub-ambient temperature of 14.8 ℃.
Example 4
The composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion comprises 1000kg of solid paraffin, liquid paraffin, metal nano particles, an emulsifying dispersant, a surfactant, a cosolvent and deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of the solid paraffin to the liquid paraffin is 1:1, 20kg of 30nm carbon nanotube powder, 20kg of emulsifying dispersant Span-2012.5 kg and Span-802.5 kg, Tween-202.5 kg and Tween-807.5 kg, 100kg of surfactant sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, 20kg of cosolvent ethanol and 50kg of deionized water.
The composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion is obtained by the following method: mixing solid paraffin and liquid paraffin, adding into a reaction kettle, heating and melting in a constant-temperature water bath at a set temperature of 50 ℃, adding carbon nanotube powder with a particle size of 30nm, emulsifying dispersants Span-20 and Span-80, Tween-20 and Tween-80, stirring at a stirring speed of 1000r/min at an emulsifying temperature of 85 ℃, dispersing for 45min by using a constant-temperature magnetic stirrer, and then respectively carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 30min by using an ultrasonic processor to realize uniform mixing of the solution; cooling to 40 ℃, adding sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate as a surfactant at the rotating speed of 600r/min, and adding ethanol as a cosolvent; keeping the temperature of the water bath at 4 ℃, and dripping deionized water under the condition of the rotating speed of 200r/min to obtain the composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion, wherein the performance parameters of the phase-change emulsion are shown in a table 4-1.
TABLE 4-1. composite nanometer metal particle phase change emulsion Performance index
TABLE 4-2. Performance index of composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion applied to solar phase-change heat collector
Organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material, inorganic phase-change material Na2SO4.10H270% of a mixture of O and organic phase change material tetradecanol decanoate, 7.5% of ultrafine fly ash and 20% of rare earth, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic phase change material to the organic phase change material is 1:4 (tetradecanol decanoate 70%, Na 30%)2SO4.10H2O)。
The organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material is obtained by the following method: (1) myristyl decanoate is extracted with Na as described above2SO4.10H2Sequentially adding the O composite phase-change material into a reaction kettle, and heating to a molten state at 70 ℃ to obtain the composite phase-change material; (2) adding the ultrafine fly ash into the composite phase change material in the molten state to form a mixture, and stirring for 30min at the rotating speed of 600r/min by using a magnetic stirrer; (3) adding the rare earth into the mixture obtained in the step (2), stirring for 30min at the rotating speed of 600r/min by using a magnetic stirrer, and then placing the mixture into ultrasonic dispersion to perform ultrasonic dispersion at the frequency of 53KHZ and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30min at the temperature of 60 ℃; (4) putting the mixture obtained in the step (3) into a vacuum drying device, and drying for 40min at 80 ℃ in a vacuum environment of 0.1 mpa; (5) and (4) cooling the mixture obtained in the step (4) in the air until the mixture is completely solidified to obtain tetradecanol decanoate composite Na2SO4.10H2And O phase change material. The performance indexes of the composite phase-change material are shown in tables 4-3.
TABLE 4-3. example 4 Performance index of organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid Material
| Item | Na2SO4.10H2O | Decanoic acid tetradecanol | Example 4 |
| Phase transition temperature/. degree.C | 32.4 | 32.0 | 32.5 |
| Peak temperature/. degree.C | 33.0 | 32.6 | 33.0 |
| Latent heat of phase change kJ/kg | 254.0 | 163.0 | 196.1 |
| Coefficient of thermal conductivity w/m.k | 0.540 | 0.149 | 0.37 |
| Density of phase change material kg/m3 | 1390 | 0.986 | 1215 |
As a hot water storage tank shown in FIG. 5, the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material of example 4 was used. The phase change heat storage water tank has the following performance indexes shown in the table 4-4.
TABLE 4-4. Performance index of phase change thermal storage water tank
| Item | Common water tank | Example 4 |
| Duration of the test/h | 7.13 | 8.43 |
| Duration of phase transition/h | / | 3.86 |
| Total heat storage/MJ | 45.62 | 231.90 |
| Water heat storage quantity/MJ | 45.62 | 30.04 |
| Phase change material heat storage/MJ | / | 201.86 |
| Heat storage ratio of phase change material% | / | 87.00 |
| Average heat storage strength/KW of phase change process water tank | 1.20 | 1.56 |
| Average heat storage strength/KW of phase change process material | / | 1.18 |
| Heat collection efficiency/%) | 0.64 | 0.92 |
| Total electricity consumption/MJ | 24.12 | 26.15 |
| COP | 1.89 | 10.03 |
As shown in fig. 3, the inner and outer sleeves convey working medium pipelines, the outer pipe adopts a galvanized steel pipe, the inner pipe adopts a copper pipe, the inner pipe is filled with the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material of example 3, the radiant floor coil adopts a PE-RT buried pipe, the inner pipe adopts a copper pipe, the inner pipe is filled with the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material of example 3, and the pipeline parameters are as follows from table 4 to table 5.
TABLE 4-5 working medium pipeline parameters for inner and outer sleeve
TABLE 4-6 Performance index of working medium pipeline transported by inner and outer sleeves using phase change material of EXAMPLE 4
| Physical property parameters | Solidification regime | Melting regime |
| Density of phase change material kg/m3 | 1213 | 1227 |
| Phase change material hot melt kJ/g.k | 3.16 | 3.16 |
| Coefficient of thermal conductivity w/m.k | 1.628 | 1.626 |
| Latent heat of phase change kJ/kg | 196.1 | 196.1 |
| Phase transition solidification temperature | 32.3 | 32.3 |
| Phase transition melting temperature | 32.6 | 32.6 |
| Density of working medium kg/m3 | 1180 | 1180 |
| Working medium hot melting kJ/g.k | 3.83 | 3.83 |
The floor heating structure comprises 350kg of cement, 436kg of fly ash and tetradecanol decanoate composite Na in mass ratio of phase change energy storage mortar (concrete)2SO4.10H2200kg of O phase change material, 4kg of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 10kg of redispersible emulsion powder; the preparation process is the same as in example 1.
The physical description heat storage model of the heating tail-end energy storage floor is of a rectangular folded structure, as shown in figure 4, the physical description heat storage model of the heating tail-end energy storage floor is of a rectangular folded structure, and as shown in the figure, floor structure layers sequentially comprise a floor slab structure layer, a 30 mm-thick hard extruded sheet heat insulation layer, a DN32 galvanized steel pipe outer pipe and a 7mm copper pipe built-in tetradecanol decanoate composite Na2SO4.10H2O phase-change material branch pipe, 60-thick phase-change energy-storage mortar (concrete) layer, PE-RT outer pipe of DN25 and n-docosane paraffin composite CaCL arranged in 5mm copper pipe2.6H2The O phase change material coil pipe layer, the pipeline is evenly laid, the coil pipe interval of sitting room, passageway and dining room is 250mm, bedroom and kitchen are 200mm, the bathroom is 150mm, the coil pipe needs to keep 150 mm's distance from the wall, areas such as the great outer wall of heat loss, exterior window, outer door can be encrypted and laid, each coil pipe loop length equals as far as possible and length should not exceed 120m, 20 thick phase change mortar (concrete) screed-coat, 10mm thick marble ground decorative layer, the working medium in the coil pipe is superconducting liquid, ground and side wall set up the thick side heat insulation layer of 30 mm.
Project application test of the above structure
The project is located in suburb county of Xining city, Qinghai province, local altitude 3015m, drought, rain, sunshine sufficiency and large day-night temperature difference. The annual average temperature is 5.6 ℃, the annual maximum temperature is 32.5 ℃, the annual minimum temperature is-29.8 ℃, and the annual average sunshine number is 3018h, and the method is selected in the text of the visitorFloor heating is laid in the hall, the secondary bedroom, the main bedroom, the kitchen, the passageway and the toilet. The load is calculated according to the outdoor temperature calculated by minus 20 ℃, the indoor design of the heating is calculated by 16 ℃, temperature probes are arranged at the positions 1.5m in the middle of a living room, a dining room, a master bedroom and a sunshine room, the temperatures of return water, the outdoor water tank and the water tank are also monitored, and the temperature change is recorded every hour. Heat load calculation Table and the heat supply amount for 24h was 2.91xlO when the load factor of 0.7 was considered5The physical properties of the KJ material were the same as those of example 1.
Example 4 latent Heat of phase Change 196.1kJ/kg, solid Density 1215kg/m3The filling layer and filling layer are laid into 80.64 square meters with thickness of 80mm, the content of phase-change heat-storage material is 20%, and the theoretical heat storage can be up to 80.64 square meters (x 0.08x 20%) and 3.07x10 (x 196.1x 1215)5kJ; in addition, phase change materials are added into the PE-RT coil pipe of DN25 with the diameter of 5mm, and the length is 537m,537x3.14x0.0025x0.0025x196.1x1215 is 2.51x103kJ；
The test started on 12/25/2018 and ended on 10/1/for two consecutive weeks; the outdoor temperature is below 0 ℃ and the lowest temperature is minus 27 ℃; the temperature of the water tank is more in the daytime except for 31 days and 1 day, the highest temperature is about 48 ℃, and the water temperature reaches 76 ℃ in other days; the lowest room temperature occurs 8 before sunrise: 00, a circulating pump is started, the temperature stratification phenomenon of a floor structure layer is obvious in the initial stage of heat storage, because the heat dissipation tail end of the floor adopts a capillary network and a heat supply mode of the same formula, the distribution of the surface temperature of the floor is uniform, the heat conductivity coefficient of cement mortar is larger than that of a phase change material, the temperature of the cement mortar rises faster near a heat source, the surface temperature of the floor reaches about 20.9 ℃ on average, when the heat storage is carried out for 5 hours, the phase change material is only not melted in a right-angled local area near the floor, the cement mortar transfers heat to the side of the phase change material, and the temperature of the floor rises slowly; when the heat storage is finished, the surface temperature of the floor is maintained at 22.3 ℃, the heat storage effect is good, most of the phase-change material is melted in the heat storage process of 8 hours, the surface temperature of the floor is evenly divided when the heat storage is finished, the average temperature reaches 24.1 ℃, the heat storage effect is good, and the highest point of the temperature appears at 19 ℃ in the afternoon: 45, turning off the circulating water pump; in the initial stage of heat release, the phase-change materials in the phase-change energy storage layer and the inner sleeve have larger temperature difference with other areas, the surface temperature of the phase-change floor is slowly reduced, and the surface temperature of the floor can still be maintained at about 20.8 ℃ after 6h of heat release; the phase change material continuously releases heat, and the average temperature of the floor surface can reach 18.3 ℃ when the heat release is carried out to 12 h; most of the phase change material will solidify thereafter, the temperature of the layers of the floor structure will approach unity and the temperature of the floor surface will drop to a minimum sub-ambient temperature of 16.4 ℃.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (12)
1. A solar phase-change heat collector comprises a heat collecting box, a plurality of solar heat collecting glass tubes and a superconducting liquid circulating tube, wherein the solar heat collecting glass tubes are arranged side by side and are communicated with the heat collecting box;
the composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion comprises solid paraffin, liquid paraffin, metal nano particles, an emulsifying dispersant, a surfactant, a cosolvent and deionized water, wherein the dosage of the metal nano particles and the dosage of the emulsifying dispersant are respectively 1.0-5.0% of the total mass of the solid paraffin and the liquid paraffin, and the dosage of the surfactant is 5.0-15.0% of the total mass of the solid paraffin and the liquid paraffin; the using amount of the cosolvent is 0.5-2.0% of the total mass of the solid paraffin and the liquid paraffin; the deionized water accounts for 5-10.0% of the total mass of the metal nanoparticles, the solid paraffin, the liquid paraffin, the emulsifying dispersant, the surfactant and the cosolvent.
2. The solar phase-change heat collector according to claim 1, wherein the emulsifying dispersant and the surfactant are one or more of Span-20, Span-40, Span-60, Span-80, TWEEN 20(TWEEN-20), TWEEN 21(TWEEN-21), TWEEN 40(TWEEN-40), TWEEN 60(TWEEN-60), TWEEN 61(TWEEN-61), TWEEN 80(TWEEN-80), TWEEN 81(TWEEN-81), TWEEN 85(TWEEN-85), and sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate; the mass ratio of the solid paraffin to the liquid paraffin is 1: 1-1: 5; the metal nano particles are one or more than two of nano copper powder, nano iron powder, nano zinc powder, nano silver powder, nano zinc oxide, nano copper oxide, graphene oxide and carbon nano tubes; the cosolvent is one of n-butanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethanol and n-amyl alcohol; the particle size of the metal nano-particles is 10-50 nm.
3. The solar phase-change heat collector according to claim 1, wherein the composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion is obtained by the following method:
step (1), weighing raw materials according to the composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion in claim 1 or 2;
mixing solid paraffin and liquid paraffin, adding the mixture into a reaction kettle, heating and melting the mixture in a constant-temperature water bath, adding metal nanoparticles and an emulsifying dispersant, emulsifying the mixture at 80-90 ℃, and uniformly mixing the mixture through constant-temperature magnetic stirring and ultrasonic oscillation; cooling to 35-50 deg.C, adding surfactant and cosolvent, and adding dropwise deionized water under stirring at constant temperature.
4. The method for preparing the composite nano metal particle phase-change emulsion according to claim 3, wherein the water addition amount before the deionized water is dropwise added until the last water in a turbid state after the last water is dropwise added is the maximum water addition amount.
5. A low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system is characterized by comprising the solar phase-change heat collector and a phase-change heat storage water tank in the claim 1 or 2, wherein a superconducting liquid outlet end and a superconducting liquid inlet end are respectively communicated with a heat exchange coil positioned in the phase-change heat storage water tank through external pipelines to form a circulation loop; and the phase change heat storage water tank is communicated with a user terminal through an external pipeline.
6. The solar phase-change heating system with low energy consumption according to claim 5, wherein the water tank wall of the phase-change heat storage water tank is provided with a water tank wall interlayer, the outer side of the water tank wall is provided with a tank insulation layer, the water tank wall interlayer is filled with an inorganic-organic composite phase-change solid material, and the inorganic-organic composite phase-change solid material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 60-80% of a mixture of an inorganic phase change material and an organic phase change material, 5-25% of a carrier material and 5-15% of a high-thermal-conductivity carbon-based material, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic phase change material to the organic phase change material is 1: 1-1: 5.
7. the low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the organic phase-change material is any one of n-hexadecane to n-nonadecane, tetradecanol decanoate, octanoic acid, lauric acid, butyl stearate and 1-dodecanol; the inorganic phase change material is Na2SO4∙10H2O、CaCL2∙6H2O、Ba(OH)2∙8H2O,Na(CH3COO)∙3H2O、LiNO3∙3H2O、Na2S2O3∙5H2Any one of O; the carrier material is one of bentonite, attapulgite, expanded perlite, sepiolite, vermiculite, diatomite, kaolin and rare earth; what is needed isThe high-thermal-conductivity carbon-based material is any one of expandable graphite, fly ash, carbon powder, nano silicon carbide, multi-layer graphene, multi-wall carbon nanotubes and nano copper, wherein the expandable graphite, the fly ash and the carbon powder are sieved by a sieve with the mesh size of more than or equal to 2000 meshes.
8. The low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the inorganic-organic composite phase-change solid material is obtained by the following method:
step (1), weighing raw materials according to an organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material;
step (2), heating the inorganic phase-change material and the organic phase-change material to a molten composite phase-change material at the temperature of 60-80 ℃; adding a high-thermal-conductivity carbon-based material into the molten composite phase-change material, uniformly stirring, adding a carrier material, stirring to disperse, placing the mixture in a vacuum drying device, vacuum drying, taking out, cooling and solidifying to obtain the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material.
9. A low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the user terminal is a phase-change heat-storage floor heating structure, and the phase-change heat-storage floor heating structure comprises a heat-insulation layer on a floor slab structure layer, a mortar layer on the heat-insulation layer, a phase-change energy-storage pipe embedded in the mortar layer, a leveling layer on the mortar layer and a decoration layer.
10. The solar phase-change heating system with low energy consumption according to claim 9, wherein the external pipeline and the phase-change energy storage pipe each comprise an inner pipe and an outer pipe, the inner pipe is sleeved in the outer pipe, a pipe interlayer is arranged between the inner pipe and the outer pipe, a working medium material passes through the pipe interlayer, and the inner pipe is filled with the organic-inorganic composite phase-change solid material which is the same as the phase-change material in the water tank wall interlayer.
Or, the external pipeline comprises an inner pipe and an outer pipe, the inner pipe is sleeved in the outer pipe, a pipe interlayer is arranged between the inner pipe and the outer pipe, the pipe interlayer and the inner pipe are internally filled with working medium materials, the inner pipe is of a hollow structure and is internally filled with metal balls, and the metal balls are spheres which are made of organic and inorganic composite phase change solid materials and are coated or encapsulated with metal shells and the same phase change materials as those in the interlayer of the water tank wall.
11. The low-energy-consumption solar phase-change heating system as claimed in claim 9, wherein the mortar layer is a phase-change energy-storage mortar layer and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 350 parts of cement, 436 parts of fly ash, 200 parts of organic-inorganic composite phase change solid material which is the same as the phase change material in the interlayer of the water tank wall, 4 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 10 parts of redispersible latex powder.
12. A low energy consumption solar phase change heating system according to any one of claims 5-8 and 10-11, further comprising a refrigeration cycle pipeline, wherein the refrigeration cycle pipeline comprises an air compressor, a condenser, a throttle valve and an evaporator which are connected in sequence to form a cycle pipeline; and the coil pipe of the condenser is positioned in the phase change heat storage water tank.
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