CN102267098A - Process method for grinding nickel-base alloy through jet flow of carbon nano tubes - Google Patents
Process method for grinding nickel-base alloy through jet flow of carbon nano tubes Download PDFInfo
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- CN102267098A CN102267098A CN2011102003833A CN201110200383A CN102267098A CN 102267098 A CN102267098 A CN 102267098A CN 2011102003833 A CN2011102003833 A CN 2011102003833A CN 201110200383 A CN201110200383 A CN 201110200383A CN 102267098 A CN102267098 A CN 102267098A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a machining method and relates to a process method for grinding nickel-base alloy through jet flow of carbon nano tubes. The method comprises the steps of mixing nano particles of carbon nano tubes and a grinding medium to make nano fluid, spraying the nano fluid into a grinding area in a manner of jet flow, wherein the nano particles of the carbon nano tubes can take away a great amount of grinding heat in the high-temperature grinding area, thus enhancing the cooling property of the grinding medium and making up for the deficient minimum quantity lubrication cooling capability; in addition, the carbon nano tube also has extremely high toughness, and the tube wall has a hexagonal structure of a graphite layer, thus having excellent lubricating property, maintaining minimum quantity lubrication property and advantages, increasing the lubricating area of grinding liquid, effectively reducing friction between an abrasive wheel and a workpiece as well as between the abrasive wheel and cuttings, prolonging the service life of the abrasive wheel, achieving positive effects of high machining quality, low cost and no pollution, and having higher application values and market prospects.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of method of machining, promptly a kind of process of CNT jet grinding nickel-base alloy.
Background technology
The nickel-base alloy advanced material is little because of its proportion, specific strength is high, hear resistance and good corrosion resistance are widely used in aero-engine strength member such as compressor fan blade, casing etc., and the quality of these vital part crudies is very big to engine overall performance and effectiveness affects.Ni-based billon is typical difficult-to-machine material, this class workpiece material have bigger elevated temperature strength, low thermal conductivity factor, work hardening seriously, easily with characteristics such as cutter material generation chemical reactions. make that its grinding is relatively poor, grinding temperature height in grinding, tool wear is fast, and the grinding problem of therefore studying this class difficult-to-machine material seems more and more important.
The energy that nickel-base alloy grinding removal unit materials volume is consumed produces a large amount of heat much larger than the processing of other material in grinding area, and these heat pass and are dispersed on smear metal, cutter and the workpiece.The grinding heat effect is very big to workpiece surface quality and serviceability influence.Particularly when temperature surpasses a certain critical value on emery wheel/workpiece interface, will cause the fire damage (oxidation, burn, residual tension and the crackle on surface) on surface, its result will cause the wear resistance of part to reduce, the anti-fatigue performance variation, thus the service life and the workpiece reliability of part reduced.In addition, the accumulation temperature rise of workpiece in the grinding cycle causes reduce the service life of workpiece size precision, form accuracy sum of errors emery wheel.Therefore, the temperature of effectively controlling grinding area reduces the surface of the work fire damage, is research nickel-base alloy grinding principle and the important topic that improves quilt mill piece surface integrality.
At present, grinding fluid is used in the nickel-base alloy grinding in a large number, is also referred to as the cast-type grinding, and is very big to environment and workers ' health injury.Because environmental requirement, the waste liquid of lubricating fluid must be through handling, could discharging after up to standard, and liquid waste processing is costly, up to 54% of grinding fluid cost, makes people have to grinding fluid is reappraised.Germany did investigation to automobile factory, and the result who obtains is: tool expense only accounts for the 2%-4% of processing cost; But the expense relevant with grinding fluid but accounts for the 7%-17% of cost, be tool expense 3-5 doubly.Energy consumption in the machining, the power that spindle operation needs only accounts for 20%, and the energy consumption relevant with cooling and lubricating but accounts for 53%.This explanation is owing to the requirement of " environmental protection and low-carbon (LC) ", and the cheap advantage of grinding fluid does not exist, has become the obstacle that influences production development.
For protection environment, the nickel-base alloy dry type grinding of stopping using grinding fluid consciously fully that reduces cost are arisen at the historic moment.The grinding of nickel-base alloy dry type is owing to abandoned the use of grinding fluid, and the advantage of its environmental protection aspect is self-evident.But because the energy that grinding removal unit materials volume is consumed is much bigger more than processing methods such as milling, turning, drillings, produce so high energy density in emery wheel/workpiece interface, only have less than 10% heat and taken away by abrasive dust, these heats that import workpiece into can accumulate in superficial layer and form localized hyperthermia, therefore in the nickel-base alloy grinding, do not use grinding fluid fully, workpiece surface quality is worsened, and emery wheel reduces service life significantly, even scrap inefficacy.
The micro lubricating technology is under the prerequisite of guaranteeing greasy property and cooling effect, uses minimal grinding fluid.The grinding of nickel-base alloy micro lubricating is the lubricant of sneaking into trace in gases at high pressure, enters the high temperature grinding area by behind the high pressure draught mixed aerosol.High pressure draught plays the effect of cooling, chip removal, and lubricating oil is attached on the finished surface of workpiece, forms layer protecting film, plays the effect of micro lubricating., studies show that: the cooling effect of high pressure draught is very limited, does not satisfy the needs of the high grinding area temperature of nickel-base alloy enhanced heat exchange, and the crudy and the wheel life of workpiece obviously reduce.
By the enhanced heat exchange theory as can be known, the heat-transfer capability of solid is much larger than liquids and gases.The thermal conductivity factor of solid material is than the big several magnitude of fluent materials such as liquid, gas even higher under the normal temperature.,, both be difficult to participate in grinding process, be difficult to take away heat again, so also do not obtain paying attention to because solid matter is mobile poor.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: the existing solids of nickel-base alloy grinding participate in the enhanced heat exchange of grinding medium, make the solids in the grinding medium that good flowing property and stability are arranged again.Under identical particle volume content, the surface area of nano particle and thermal capacity are much larger than millimeter or micron-sized solids, so the capacity of heat transmission of nano-fluid will increase considerably.Add the small-size effect of nano material, its behavior approaches fluid molecule, and the strong Brownian movement of nano particle helps its maintenance stable suspersion and do not precipitate, and has excellent flowability energy, stability and composition homogeneous performance.In addition, nano particle excellent lubrication characteristic helps to improve the tribological property of abrasive grinding wheel/workpiece interface again, reduces grinding force and grinding specific energy, and the grinding area temperature is further reduced.Thermal conductivity factor under the CNT normal temperature is 80 times of copper, and 140 times of aluminium have bigger augmentation of heat transfer potentiality than other nano-solid particles; In addition, CNT also has high toughness, and structure is similar with C60 to graphite, and its tube wall has the hexagonal structure of graphite linings, therefore has excellent lubricating property.CNT added in the grinding medium make nano-fluid, nano-fluid is injected to the process of a kind of CNT jet grinding nickel-base alloy of grinding area with the form of jet under the gases at high pressure rolling action then.
Above-mentioned purpose is realized by following technical scheme: the process that a kind of CNT jet grinding nickel-base alloy is provided, be characterized in: CNT is joined in the grinding medium make nano-fluid, nano-fluid is injected in the grinding area of grinding nickel-base alloy with the form of jet under the gases at high pressure rolling action.
The length of said CNT and diameter ratio are 20: 1-1000: 1.
The volume content of CNT is 11%-20vol% in the said nano-fluid.
Said grinding medium is a LB1000 degradable synthetic lubricant fluid.
The consumption of said nano-fluid is the grinding wheel width 20-160ml/h of unit.
Said nickel-base alloy is GH4145, and hardness is HB330-400.
The preparation method of said nano-fluid is add alkyl sulfonate surfactants, dimethyl sulfate dispersant in the mixed liquor of nano particle and grinding medium after, adopts ten thousand times/minute dithers of 1.6-2 to obtain steady suspension again.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: because carbon nanotube particle thermal conductivity factor height, when nano-fluid is injected to the high temperature grinding area with pattern, the carbon nanotube particle can be taken away a large amount of grinding heats, thereby strengthened the cooling performance of grinding medium, remedied the deficiency of the cooling capacity of micro lubricating.Simultaneously because CNT also has high toughness, tube wall has the hexagonal structure of graphite linings, therefore also has excellent lubricating property, the character and the advantage that have kept micro lubricating, and increased the lubricated area of grinding fluid, effectively reduce the friction between emery wheel and workpiece, emery wheel and the smear metal, prolonged the life-span of emery wheel, obtained crudy height, low, the free of contamination good effect of cost.Adopt CNT jet grinding nickel-base alloy technology to compare with cast-type grinding, dry type grinding, micro lubricating grinding, indexs such as the temperature of its grinding area, surface roughness, grinding resistance, cutter loss all reduce significantly, crudy and remarkable in economical benefits improve, thereby have higher using value and market prospects.
The specific embodiment
In order to prove the validity of CNT jet grinding nickel-base alloy process, we have been CNT jet grinding nickel-base alloy technology and cast-type grinding, dry type grinding, micro lubricating grinding contrast experiment, and the model experiment situation only is provided below:
Experiment condition: Si Laifu faces (SCHLEIFRING) K-P36 accurate digital control surface grinding machine, CBN emery wheel, emery wheel parameter: diameter 300mm, granularity: 240#, grinding speed 65m/s, amount of feeding 0.5m/min; Cutting depth 1.5mm.The nickel-bass alloy material trade mark of test usefulness: GH4145, its hardness is HB330-400.Measure grinding force, finished surface microscopic appearance and grinding area temperature respectively with three-way piezoelectric formula grinding force measuring instrument (YDM-III 99), surface topographic apparatus fo (Talysurf), thermal infrared imager (Thermovision A20M).
Experimental design: 1. cast-type grinding: the grinding medium is a LB1000 degradable synthetic lubricant fluid, and consumption is the grinding wheel width 5400ml/h of unit, and the feed flow nozzle exit pressure is 0.45Mpa; 2. dry type grinding: any grinding medium of not annotating; 3. micro lubricating grinding: the grinding medium is a LB1000 degradable synthetic lubricant fluid, and consumption is the grinding wheel width 85ml/h of unit, and the feed flow nozzle exit pressure is 6.5Mpa; 4. CNT jet grinding: the grinding medium is a LB1000 degradable synthetic lubricant fluid, the volume content of carbon nanotube particle is 16% in the nano-fluid, the length of carbon nanotube particle and diameter ratio are 120: 1, the consumption of nano-fluid is the grinding wheel width 85ml/h of unit, and the feed flow nozzle exit pressure is 6.5Mpa.The preparation method of nano-fluid is add alkyl sulfonate surfactants, dimethyl sulfate dispersant in the mixed liquor of nano particle and grinding medium after, adopts ten thousand times/minute dithers of 1.6-2 to obtain steady suspension again.
Experimental result is as shown in table 1:
The contrast of the different grinding medium of table 1 nickel-base alloy grinding method technical indicator
Annotate: 1.F
t: tangential cutting power; F
nNormal direction cutting force, unit: N/mm.
2.G ratio is volume V and the tool wear volume V that removes material in the unit interval
wRatio, i.e. G=V/V
w
Interpretation:
One. the data contrast:
1. the heat conductivility of carbon nanotube fluid obviously improves.Under the identical situation of nickel-base alloy grinding experiment conditionally complete, grinding area temperature peak: CNT jet grinding＜cast-type grinding＜micro lubricating grinding＜dry type grinding, the grinding area maximum temperature of grinding of CNT jet and cast-type grinding nickel-base alloy does not all surpass the critical-temperature of grinding burn, illustrate that the carbon nanotube particle can effectively absorb the grinding area heat, the temperature of workpiece is descended.
2. the surface quality of CNT jet grinding obviously improves.The surface roughness R of CNT jet grinding
aValue is starkly lower than other grinding medium processing.
3. the grinding resistance of CNT jet grinding obviously reduces, and illustrates that heat in metal cutting imports the ratio of cutter into and reduce, and cutter keeps the sharp time to increase.
4. the tool wear of CNT jet grinding obviously reduces.The G ratio is high more, and tool wear is low more, illustrates that CNT not only has fine exchange capability of heat, but also has the greasy property of excellent performance.
5. aspect antirust and cleaning, the grinding of CNT jet and traditional cast-type grinding performance maintain an equal level.
6. handle grinding medium cost aspect, it is higher slightly than dry type grinding that CNT jet grinding method is handled grinding medium cost, but well below the cast-type grinding.
Two. Analysis on Mechanism:
The good cutting of CNT jet grinding at first comes from the powerful heat transfer property of CNT, produces a large amount of grinding heats owing to can carry grinding area, has reduced the grinding area temperature.Add the lubrication property of CNT excellence, reduced grinding force and tool wear.CNT heat conduction and lubricating ability derive from following several respects:
1. the carbon nanotube fluid is compared with the grinding medium, because interaction and collision between particle and particle, particle and liquid, the fluidized bed laminar boundary layer is destroyed, and heat transfer resistance reduces, and flow turbulence intensity is enhanced, and making conducts heat increases.
2. under identical particle volume content, the surface area of nano particle and thermal capacity are much larger than millimeter or micron-sized particle, so the thermal conductivity factor of nano cutting fluid increases considerably.
3. owing to the small-size effect of nano material, its behavior approaches fluid molecule, and the strong Brownian movement of nano particle helps its maintenance stable suspersion and do not precipitate, and can reduce the flowage friction resistance coefficient, plays wear-resistant effect.
4. the thermal conductivity factor under the CNT normal temperature is 80 times of copper, and 140 times of aluminium have bigger augmentation of heat transfer potentiality than other nano-solid particles.
5. CNT also has high toughness, and structure is similar with C60 to graphite, and its tube wall has the hexagonal structure of graphite linings, therefore has excellent lubricating property.
Three. conclusion:
Contrast with existing nickel-base alloy grinding mode, the effect of CNT jet grinding method is obvious, has significant superiority.
Claims (7)
1. the process of a CNT jet grinding nickel-base alloy, it is characterized in that: CNT is joined in the grinding medium make nano-fluid, nano-fluid is injected in the grinding area of grinding nickel-base alloy with the form of jet under the gases at high pressure rolling action.
2. the process of a kind of CNT jet grinding nickel-base alloy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the length of said CNT and diameter ratio are 20: 1-1000: 1.
3. the process of a kind of CNT jet grinding nickel-base alloy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the volume content of CNT is 11%-20vol% in the said nano-fluid.
4. the process of a kind of CNT jet grinding nickel-base alloy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said grinding medium is a LB1000 degradable synthetic lubricant fluid.
5. the process of a kind of CNT jet grinding nickel-base alloy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the consumption of said nano-fluid is the grinding wheel width 20-160ml/h of unit.
6. the process of a kind of CNT jet grinding nickel-base alloy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said nickel-base alloy is GH4145, and hardness is HB330-400.
7. the process of a kind of CNT jet grinding nickel-base alloy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said nano-fluid, its preparation method is add alkyl sulfonate surfactants, dimethyl sulfate dispersant in the mixed liquor of nano particle and grinding medium after, adopts ten thousand times/minute dithers of 1.6-2 to obtain steady suspension again.
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| CN102954756A (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2013-03-06 | 青岛理工大学 | Grinding surface roughness predicting method and device under minimal lubrication of nanoparticle jet flow |
| CN103418847A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-12-04 | 宁波工程学院 | Cutting device |
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Application publication date: 20111207 |