CN102016174A - 降低含木质素的材料的光诱导变黄的方法 - Google Patents
降低含木质素的材料的光诱导变黄的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于处理含木质素的纤维质材料以降低其易变黄性的方法,包括:利用能够氧化酚基或类似基团的氧化剂使所述材料的木质素稳定化,所述酚基或类似基团可能经历有助于在纤维上形成有色位点的反应;以及使用荧光增白剂来处理所述材料。本发明还提供了一种由所述方法获得的含木质素的材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于处理含木质素的纤维质材料以降低其易变黄性的方法。更具体地说,本发明涉及这样的方法,该方法包括利用荧光增白剂来处理该材料。
背景技术
在本领域中众所周知,光(特别是UV光)、热、湿气和化学品会导致含木质素的材料(例如,纤维素纸浆)的白度的改变。通常,这些改变导致反射率降低,尤其在蓝光区域。这种现象被称作返黄或变黄,并可以由各种因素引起,这取决于涉及哪种类型的含木质素的材料。热和湿气是化学(不含木质素的)纸浆的返黄的主要原因,而机械纸浆主要是当它们暴露于光时变黄。机械纸浆的返黄还根据所使用的原料(木材的类型)、生产方法(利用或不利用化学预处理)和后处理(利用不同的试剂进行漂白)而改变。因此,例如,磺化和过氧化物漂白极大地增加了纸浆对光诱导变黄的易感性。
木质纤维素材料例如纸浆和由这类材料制成的产品的返黄可以以各种方式降低,例如,通过使用UV屏蔽剂、抗氧化剂或聚合物进行浸渍的表面处理,或者通过使用涂层或不变黄化学纸浆的层来涂覆表面。在专利文献中描述了各种添加剂。例如,US 4978363公开了基于有机聚硅氧烷和较高脂肪羧酸的混合物来处理纤维的组合物和方法,所述有机聚硅氧烷具有直接结合到硅原子的至少一个氨基取代的烃自由基。羧酸与氨基反应,从而降低纤维处理的变黄和氧化。
US 6599326公开了使用羟胺和其它共添加剂来抑制纸浆和纸变黄。仍会含有痕量的木质素的化学纸浆和纸,尤其是牛皮纸浆和牛皮纸,当它们含有有效稳定量的N,N-二烷基羟胺、酯、酰胺或硫取代的N,N-二烷基羟胺或N,N-二苄基羟胺或者它们的铵盐时,具有提高的抗变黄性。
WO 2005/061782公开了一种用于生产对变黄具有降低的易感性的纤维材料的方法,包括:利用能够氧化酚基或类似结构基团的氧化剂来活化基质的纤维,所述酚基或类似基团可能经历有助于在纤维上形成有色位点的反应;和将至少一种改性剂附着到氧化后的位点,以阻止氧化后的位点的反应性。
已经发现用于防止变黄的许多添加剂是昂贵的或从环境的角度看是有问题的。一些仅在大量引入时才有效,以致于它们会对产品的其它性能造成负面影响或者是不经济的。因此,仍然需要用于防止变黄的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是消除现有技术的问题,并提供用于降低或防止变黄的新方法。所述方法旨在有效地降低含木质素的纤维质材料例如纸浆的光诱导返黄。
意外发现,如在WO 2005/061782中所公开的改性剂的使用并不是必需的,而是单独使用氧化剂就足以使木质素稳定化。此外发现,当含木质素的材料在稳定化之后使用荧光增白剂进一步处理时,提供了有利的协同作用,并降低了基于氧化剂的初始白度下降。木质素结构似乎以降低了不期望的副反应的方式被改性。
本发明提供了一种用于处理含木质素的纤维质材料以降低其易变黄性的方法,包括:利用能够氧化酚基或类似基团的氧化剂使材料的木质素稳定化,所述酚基或类似基团可能经历有助于在纤维上形成有色位点的反应;以及利用荧光增白剂来处理所述材料。
本发明还提供了一种通过所述方法获得的含木质素的材料。
附图简述
图1示出在照射试验期间(Xenotest 150S,照射1100Wh/m2)改性的和未改性的纸浆的白度曲线。
图2示出在照射试验期间(Xenotest 150S,照射1100Wh/m2)改性的和未改性的纸浆的白度曲线。
发明详述
本发明提供了一种用于处理含木质素的纤维质材料以降低其易变黄性的方法。“含木质素的材料”是指会易于变黄的任何适当的含木质素的材料。含木质素的材料的实例包括机械纸浆、化学机械纸浆、(锯下的)木材、稻草、竹、蔗渣、黄麻、亚麻、大麻、含木质素的不含木的材料和含木质素的纺织纤维。
含木质素的材料通常含有包含纤维的纤维基质,所述纤维含有能够被适当的氧化剂氧化的酚基或类似基团。这类纤维通常是“木质纤维素”纤维材料,其包括一年生植物或多年生植物或者木制原料通过例如机械制浆、化学机械制浆或化学制浆制成的纤维。在通过例如精制机械制浆(RMP)、加压精制机械制浆(PRMP)、热机械制浆(TMP)、磨碎木料(GWV)或加压加压磨碎木料(PGW)或者热磨化学机械制浆(CTMP)的对木材进行工业精制期间,在将各种纤维彼此分离的工艺中将源自不同木材品种(例如,硬木品种和软木品种)的木质原料精制成细纤维。纤维通常沿着层间木质素层在层之间分开,使得纤维表面至少部分地被具有酚基本结构的木质素或木质素化合物覆盖。
在本发明的范围内,如果化学纸浆易于返黄并且具有的残余含量的木质素足以至少给出用于为改性剂提供结合位点所需的最小量的酚基,则还包括化学纸浆。通常,纤维基质中的木质素的浓度应当至少为0.1重量%,优选地为至少约1.0重量%。
本发明的基本特征在于通过对纤维上的酚羟基、α-羰基和/或α-羟基进行改性来阻止返黄。具体地说,通过使木质素结构经过酶催氧化来产生氧化后的上述种类的基团,可以达到导致返黄的正常反应。
在本发明的方法中,含木质素的材料利用能够氧化酚基或类似基团的氧化剂来稳定化,所述酚基或类似基团可能经历有助于在纤维上形成有色位点的反应。稳定化针对于木质素,并可以以酶法或化学法进行。在稳定化中,形成使结构稳定化并防止变黄的OH-基团。换言之,导致变黄的部分被失活。
通常,稳定剂是酶且通过使含木质素的材料与氧化剂接触来实现酶促反应,氧化剂在酶的存在下能够氧化酚基或类似的结构基团,从而提供含被氧化的木质素的材料。这类氧化剂选自氧和含氧气体(例如,空气和过氧化氢)。氧可以通过各种方式提供给溶液,例如,通过高效混合、起泡、富氧气体或由酶或化学方式供给的氧(例如,过氧化物)。过氧化物可以被加入或原位产生。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,能够催化酚基的氧化的氧化酶选自例如苯酚氧化酶(E.C.1.10.3.2苯二酚:氧氧化还原酶(oxygen oxidoreductase)),并能够催化单体及聚合芳族化合物中的邻位和对位取代的酚羟基和氨基/胺基的氧化。氧化反应导致苯氧基的形成。其它组的酶包括过氧化物酶和其它氧化酶。“过氧化物酶”是使用过氧化氢作为其电子受体来催化氧化反应的酶,而“氧化酶”是使用分子氧作为其电子受体来催化氧化反应的酶。
适当的酶的实例包括漆酶(EC 1.10.3.2)、儿茶酚氧化酶(EC1.10.3.1)、酪氨酸酶(EC 1.14.18.1)、胆红素氧化酶(EC 1.3.3.5)、辣根过氧化物酶(EC 1.11.1.7)、锰过氧化物酶(EC 1.11.1.13)和木质素过氧化物酶(EC 1.11.1.14)。在一个实施方案中,通过使用漆酶来进行稳定化。
根据各种酶的活性和对含木质素的材料的期望作用来选择酶的量。有利地,以0.0001-10mg蛋白质/g干物质的含木质素的材料的量来使用酶。
可以使用不同的剂量,但有利的是,约1-100000nkat/g的剂量,更有利的是,10-500nkat/g是足够的。
除了酶以外,还可以使用化学试剂,例如,碱金属过硫酸盐和过氧化氢和其它过化合物(per-compounds),来实现酚基的氧化和用于形成苯氧基。根据化学试剂和含木质素的材料(即,根据包含在其中的酚基的量),化学试剂的剂量通常在约0.01-100kg/吨的范围内,优选为约0.1-50kg/吨,例如约0.5-20kg/吨。在化学试剂的情况下,不需要添加单独的氧化剂。过化合物将实现酚基的针对性氧化。
在范围为5-100℃通常为约10-85℃的温度下,稳定化处理在液体介质中进行,优选在水介质中,例如在水中或在水溶液中进行。通常,20-80℃的温度是优选的。纸浆的浓度通常为0.5-95重量%,典型地为约1-50重量%,具体地为约2-40重量%。介质的pH优选呈弱酸性;具体地说,在苯酚氧化酶的情况下,在室温下,pH为约2-10。通常在弱酸性条件下(例如,在pH 3-6下)使用化学试剂。通常在约3-12的pH下使用过氧化物酶。在氧化过程中搅拌反应混合物。可以在类似的条件下(优选地在pH 2-10下)使用其它酶。
在本发明的方法中,使用荧光增白剂(FWA)进一步处理材料。在一个实施方案中,所述荧光增白剂是式(I)的化合物:
其中,
n是从0到2的整数,
M是碱金属离子或任选地取代的铵离子,和
X是N-烷基氨基或N,N-二烷基氨基,其中,组合术语N-烷基氨基和N,N-二烷基氨基中的烷基被理解为是指具有至多4个碳原子的烷基,所述烷基可以被O原子中断和/或可以携带羟基、氨基甲酰基、氰基或硫作为取代基,且当X是N,N-二烷基氨基时,两个烷基可以与它们所键合的N原子一起形成饱和的5元或6元杂环,其中所述两个烷基任选地被选自O、N和S的杂原子中断。
通常,将FWA作为活性分子(例如由式(I)表示的分子)的水溶液添加到造浆机或造纸机湿端,活性分子的水溶液可以包括一些添加剂(例如,用来提高溶解度或性能)或者其可以仅是FWA水溶液自身。这称作“FWA制剂”。在本发明的方法中,可以使用荧光增白剂或其任何适当制剂来处理含木质素的材料。
另外,可以将特定的预处理步骤与稳定化和FWA处理相组合。当在稳定化之前使用还原剂对含木质素的材料进行预处理时,提供了有利的协同作用,并降低了基于氧化剂的初始白度下降。木质素结构似乎以降低了不期望的副反应的方式被改性。
在这样的实施方案中,使用还原剂对含木质素的材料进行预处理。适当的还原剂的实例包括硼氢化物(例如,硼氢化钠(例如由Finnish Chemicals Oy以商品名出售)、连二亚硫酸盐(亚硫酸氢盐)、硫酸氢盐、二氧化硫水或它们的混合物。还原剂在该步骤并不特别作为漂白化学品,而是更多地作为纤维改性剂。
还可以将WO 2005/061782的方法应用于本发明。在这种情况下,在稳定化之后,利用改性剂进一步处理材料,以阻止氧化后的位点的反应性。在一个实施方案中,改性剂是返黄抑制剂。改性剂具有至少一个功能位点或反应性结构,从而提供改性化合物与木质纤维素材料的结合,尤其是在已经在稳定化步骤中被氧化的含木质素的材料的氧化后的酚基或相应的化学结构中。
改性剂可以是脂族或芳族的、单环、双环或三环物质。脂族化合物可以是具有4至30个碳原子的不饱和羧酸,有利地是一元羧酸式不饱和脂肪酸。具体地说,改性剂可以是含有至少两个双键优选含有两个共轭双键的一元羧酸式不饱和脂肪酸。这类脂肪酸具有偶数个碳原子,通常在16至22的范围内。还可以使用较低级的烷醇,即含有1至6个碳原子特别是1至4个碳原子的醇类化合物。实例包括正丙醇和异丙醇以及正丁醇和叔丁醇。
尤其适当的化合物的实例由亚油酸和亚麻酸组成。这样看来,不饱和脂肪酸经由双键之一结合到被氧化的基团或结构。在一个实施方案中,使用亚油酸(LA),优选与通过使用漆酶进行的活化相组合。
其它适当的化合物包括抗氧化剂,例如,生育酚和β-胡罗卜素。化合物可以具有特定的性能,例如,捕获自由基并形成无色的取代基的能力。
在以上处理之后,通常将具有新的和改进的性能的改性后的含木质素的材料与液体反应分开,并进一步用在诸如高质量消费包装和图纸之类的目标应用中。
下面的非限制性实施例对本发明进行举例说明。
实施例
实施例1
通过过氧化物漂白的白杨/云杉CTMP纸浆的冷解离来开始处理。在该解离之后,再使用水(80℃)将纸浆洗涤两次。通过将5g o.d.纸浆与水混合来开始结合,并将浆液的pH调节到pH 7。然后,添加漆酶(Trametes Hirsuta)(10nkat/g)。在55℃下,漆酶诱导的活化时间为1分钟。首先将亚油酸(LA)溶于1ml丙酮中,然后逐滴地加入到浆液中。在添加LA之后的混合时间为39分钟(55℃)。剂量对应于0.075mmol亚油酸/g纸浆。总处理时间为40分钟。在处理之后,将纸浆过滤两次,然后使用水(量等于20×干重)洗涤。
在酶处理之后,将纸浆以0.625%的浓度悬浮在蒸馏水中。将荧光增白剂(FWA)稀释成浓度为0.5%,然后添加到浆液中以达到期望的最终浓度(5kg/to.d.纸浆)。在添加之后,在通过铝箔和黑色塑料袋遮盖日光的室温下将纸浆混合10分钟。
使用同样的程序进行对照处理,但是没有添加酶、LA或FWA。
在所有处理之后,将纸浆混合在水中以达到5g/l的浓度并在根据SCAN M 5∶75制备两种手抄纸/在金属丝布上处理之前以5000转数进行解离。
白杨BCTMP显示出当经过Xenotest设备的光照射时光诱导变黄的清楚迹象(图1)。当纸浆由漆酶(ThL)改性并进一步使用LA处理时,改善了测量为δ白度的白度稳定性,但初始白度急剧下降。FWA(5kg/t,作为产品,Blankophor DS)的加入将ISO白度提升到非常接近于初始值。与对照纸浆相比,光稳定性也保持在非常好的水平。从这点上看,FWA也能被认为抵消了通常由漆酶导致的白度下降的不利影响。
实施例2
通过过氧化物漂白的白杨/云杉CTMP纸浆的还原处理来开始处理。在加入之前,将纸浆稀释到10%的浓度,调节到60℃。Borino的负载量为0.1%,处理时间为3分钟。在处理期间,将pH控制为>9。在处理之后,使用新鲜水将纸浆稀释,并使用水洗涤两次。
在解离之后,再使用水(80℃)将纸浆洗涤两次。通过将5g o.d.纸浆与水混合来开始结合,并将浆液的pH调节到pH 7。然后,添加漆酶(MaL)(10nkat/g)。在55℃下,漆酶诱导的活化时间为1分钟。首先将亚油酸(LA)溶于1ml丙酮中,然后逐滴地加入到浆液中。在添加LA之后的混合时间为39分钟(55℃)。剂量对应于0.075mmol亚油酸/g纸浆。总处理时间为40分钟。在处理之后,将纸浆过滤两次,然后使用水(量等于20×干重)洗涤。
在酶处理之后,将纸浆以0.625%的浓度悬浮在蒸馏水中。将荧光增白剂(FWA)稀释成浓度为0.5%,然后添加到浆液中以达到期望的最终浓度(5kg/to.d.纸浆)。在添加之后,在通过铝箔和黑色塑料袋遮盖日光的室温下将纸浆混合10分钟。
使用同样的程序进行对照处理,但是没有添加酶、LA或FWA。
在所有处理之后,将纸浆混合在水中以达到5g/l的浓度并在根据SCAN M 5∶75制备两种手抄纸/在金属丝布上处理之前以5000转数进行解离。
如先前所见,白杨BCTMP显示出当经过Xenotest设备的光照射时光诱导变黄的清楚迹象。当纸浆由漆酶和LA处理来改性并进一步使用FWA(5kg/t,作为产品,Blankophor DS)进行处理时,可以实现良好的白度稳定性(图1)。通过在漆酶改性之前的还原处理可以进一步提高该效果。图2清楚地显示出Borino处理过的纸浆如何非常好地对上述处理做出响应。
Claims (13)
1.一种处理含木质素的纤维质材料以降低其易变黄性的方法,包括:利用能够氧化酚基或类似基团的氧化剂使所述材料的木质素稳定化,所述酚基或类似基团可能经历有助于在纤维上形成有色位点的反应;以及使用荧光增白剂来处理所述材料。
2.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,所述稳定化通过酶法或化学法进行。
3.权利要求2的方法,其特征在于,所述酶选自过氧化物酶和氧化酶。
4.权利要求3的方法,其特征在于,所述酶选自漆酶(EC1.10.3.2)、儿茶酚氧化酶(EC 1.10.3.1)、酪氨酸酶(EC 1.14.18.1)、胆红素氧化酶(EC 1.3.3.5)、辣根过氧化物酶(EC 1.11.1.7)、锰过氧化物酶(EC 1.11.1.13)和木质素过氧化物酶(EC 1.11.1.14)。
5.权利要求2的方法,其特征在于,化学试剂选自过化合物,例如碱金属过硫酸盐和过氧化氢。
7.上述权利要求中的任一项的方法,其特征在于,在所述稳定化之前,使用还原剂对所述材料进行预处理。
8.权利要求7的方法,其特征在于,所述还原剂选自硼氢化物、连二亚硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、二氧化硫水或它们的混合物。
9.上述权利要求中的任一项的方法,其特征在于,在所述稳定化之后,使用改性剂进一步处理所述材料,以阻止氧化后的位点的反应性。
10.权利要求9的方法,其特征在于,所述改性剂为返黄抑制剂。
11.权利要求9或10的方法,其特征在于,所述改性剂选自C1-4烷醇、不饱和羧酸、一元羧酸式的不饱和脂肪酸、含有至少两个双键优选含有两个共轭双键的一元羧酸式不饱和脂肪酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和抗氧化剂。
12.上述权利要求中的任一项的方法,其特征在于,所述含木质素的材料选自机械纸浆、化学机械纸浆、木材、稻草、竹、蔗渣、黄麻、亚麻、大麻、含木质素的不含木的材料和含木质素的纺织纤维。
13.通过上述权利要求中的任一项的方法获得的含木质素的材料。
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FI20085345 | 2008-04-22 | ||
FI20085345A FI20085345L (fi) | 2008-04-22 | 2008-04-22 | Menetelmä valon aikaansaaman ligniinipitoisen materiaalin kellertymisen vähentämiseksi |
PCT/EP2009/054605 WO2009130168A1 (en) | 2008-04-22 | 2009-04-17 | Method for reduction of light-induced yellowing of lignin-containing material |
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US (1) | US20110263836A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2286028B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102016174A (zh) |
AR (1) | AR070631A1 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE539196T1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2722055A1 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI20085345L (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2010146266A (zh) |
UY (1) | UY31777A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2009130168A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
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CN115404078A (zh) * | 2022-09-06 | 2022-11-29 | 太原师范学院 | 一种离子液体-复合酶共降解木质素制备抗氧化剂的方法 |
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EP3135232B1 (en) | 2011-03-28 | 2018-05-02 | Avinger, Inc. | Occlusion-crossing devices, imaging, and atherectomy devices |
WO2013050661A1 (en) * | 2011-10-07 | 2013-04-11 | Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt | Functionalized lignin and method of producing the same |
CN106939525B (zh) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-12-28 | 山东冠军纸业有限公司 | 一种降低apmp浆返黄值的方法 |
FR3072386B1 (fr) * | 2017-10-16 | 2020-09-25 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Modification enzymatique de la lignine pour sa solubilisation et applications |
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US20050120490A1 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2005-06-09 | Georges Metzger | Process for improving the sun protection factor of cellulosic fibre material |
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2009
- 2009-02-24 AR ARP090100630A patent/AR070631A1/es unknown
- 2009-04-17 WO PCT/EP2009/054605 patent/WO2009130168A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-04-17 EP EP09735031A patent/EP2286028B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-04-17 US US12/989,136 patent/US20110263836A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-04-17 AT AT09735031T patent/ATE539196T1/de active
- 2009-04-17 CA CA2722055A patent/CA2722055A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-04-17 CN CN2009801143230A patent/CN102016174A/zh active Pending
- 2009-04-17 RU RU2010146266/12A patent/RU2010146266A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-04-21 UY UY0001031777A patent/UY31777A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN115404078A (zh) * | 2022-09-06 | 2022-11-29 | 太原师范学院 | 一种离子液体-复合酶共降解木质素制备抗氧化剂的方法 |
CN115404078B (zh) * | 2022-09-06 | 2024-02-02 | 太原师范学院 | 一种离子液体-复合酶共降解木质素制备抗氧化剂的方法 |
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AR070631A1 (es) | 2010-04-21 |
WO2009130168A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
ATE539196T1 (de) | 2012-01-15 |
UY31777A (es) | 2009-12-14 |
EP2286028A1 (en) | 2011-02-23 |
US20110263836A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
EP2286028B1 (en) | 2011-12-28 |
CA2722055A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
FI20085345A0 (fi) | 2008-04-22 |
FI20085345L (fi) | 2009-10-23 |
RU2010146266A (ru) | 2012-05-27 |
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