CN102011080B - 低熔点、少浮渣的热浸镀助镀剂 - Google Patents
低熔点、少浮渣的热浸镀助镀剂 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
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- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 18
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- 229940045641 monobasic sodium phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
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- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical group O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M dihydrogenphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;zinc Chemical compound [AlH3].[Zn] HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chlorate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc bromide Chemical compound Br[Zn]Br VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium fluoride Chemical compound [NH4+].[F-] LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
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- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzenesulfonate Chemical class [O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001622 calcium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dibromide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Br-].[Br-] WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种低熔点、少浮渣的热浸镀助镀剂,其特征在于每升助镀剂中含有下列组分:氯化锌80~140g/L,氯化钠10~30g/L,氟化钠5~15g/L,磷酸二氢盐20~80g/L,表面活性剂0.2~3g/L,其余为水。本发明助镀剂的熔点可降至142~223℃范围,有利于浸镀时盐膜的熔出,使得助镀剂与锌基金属液反应形成的浮渣尽快浮出,减少浸镀造成的烟尘,减少浮渣量,加快被镀金属件基体和助镀剂盐膜界面与被镀金属件基体和锌基合金液界面的界面替换反应,改善助镀剂与锌基金属液的润湿性和热浸镀锌生产环境,避免了浮渣黏附在镀件表面或上浮迟滞造成的漏镀或表面缺陷,有利于提高助镀效果,降低漏镀率,提高镀件质量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种助镀剂,尤其是一种用于热浸镀的低熔点、少浮渣、无氨盐的助镀剂及其使用方法,属于金属材料表面镀覆技术领域。
背景技术
传统的批量热浸镀工艺中的助镀方法是将酸洗后的被镀件浸入一定成分的氯化锌-铵助镀液中,镀完后取出干燥或烘干,即在镀件表面形成一层氯化锌-铵盐薄膜。助镀剂的作用机理为:清洁被镀金属件表面的污物,去除酸洗后残留在被镀金属件表面的铁盐或氧化物,防止被镀金属件在空气中被二次氧化,使被镀金属件在进入锌浴时具有更大的表面活性。氯化铵熔点较低,当温度高于200℃以上时,助镀剂盐膜中的氯化铵会分解成氨气和氯化氢气体,使被镀金属件基体表面保持活化状态。常用的助镀剂采用氯化锌和氯化铵混合溶液作为助镀液。助镀液的质量浓度通常控制在200~400g/L,助镀液中氯化铵、氯化锌的铵锌比常选用0.8~1.6。
美国专利(US 3816188)提出了一种低烟助镀剂的成分:80~100wt%氯化锌或溴化锌,3~15wt%磷酸锌或亚磷酸锌,0~0.5wt%的发泡剂(如季戊四醇)、0~5wt%的铵的卤化物以及少量的氯化钠/溴化钠、氯化钾/溴化钾、氯化锂/溴化锂、氯化镁/溴化镁或氯化钙/溴化钙;中国专利()也采用锆氟酸钾、氟化铝、氟化钾、氟化铵及氯化钾、氯化铵的水溶液组成钢材热浸镀锌铝系合金用水溶性助镀剂。研究表明:氟化钠、氟化铝、氯化锌、氯化铵、锆氟酸钾、氟化钾和氯化钠等复盐组成的助镀剂可以改善热浸镀锌、热浸镀锌-铝合金时的助镀效果。
中国专利(CN200910094495.8,CN200910094497.7)在不使用氨盐的条件下以氯化锌为主原料,引入有机表面活性剂作为助镀剂的辅助原料。选择由非离子性碳-氢链表面活性剂与非离子性或阳离子性氟-碳链表面活性剂复配形成的复合表面活性剂,与氯化锌等无氨氯盐为主的水溶液混合配制为含碳-氢和氟-碳表面活性剂的热浸镀助镀剂。该类助镀剂因其主要以氯盐为主盐,复盐熔点达到240℃以上,较传统的氯化锌-铵助镀剂熔点升高约10℃~60℃,从而导致浸镀时固/液界面反应滞后,熔渣上浮时间后延,易造成镀件漏镀及其表面缺陷。
为此,研究一种新型的多功能助镀剂,改善助镀效果,提高镀层质量,改善工作环境,是本领域技术人员长期面临的技术难题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种低熔点、少浮渣、无铵盐的热浸镀助镀剂。
本发明通过调控复盐的原料及配比并与氟碳、碳氢表面活性剂共同作用,在保证助镀效果的前提下降低助镀剂的熔点,缩短融渣浮出的时间,以提高助镀效果,降低漏镀率,提高镀件质量。
本发明提供的是这样一种低熔点、少浮渣的热浸镀助镀剂,其特征在于每升助镀剂中含有下列组分:
氯化锌 80~140 g/L
氯化钠 10~30 g/L
氟化钠 5~15 g/L
磷酸二氢盐 20~80 g/L
表面活性剂 0.2~3 g/L
余量为水。
所述磷酸二氢盐为磷酸二氢锌、磷酸二氢钠中的一种或者二种。
所述氯化钠、氟化钠和磷酸二氢钠的加入量为:钠离子在助镀剂中的离子浓度为10~32 g/L;钠离子浓度低于10 g/L,则助镀剂活性差;钠离子浓度高于32 g/L,则助镀剂易出现漏镀。
所述表面活性剂为全氟辛基磺酰季碘化物、N-乙基,N-羟乙基全氟辛基磺酰胺、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯中的一种或几种。
所述助镀剂使用方法为:将经过常规除油、除锈处理的被镀金属件浸入温度为40℃~60℃的助镀剂中处理1~2分钟,之后取出,按常规在40℃~120℃温度下干燥或烘干,使其表面附着一层均匀的助镀剂膜,之后再按常规浸入熔融锌或锌铝合金液中进行热浸镀。
本发明提供的热浸镀助镀剂的使用温度控制在40℃~60℃范围内,温度低于40℃会影响助镀剂液态条件下化学反应过程的正常进行和助镀效果的发挥,进而直接影响镀锌质量;温度高于60℃后助镀剂中的水分蒸发速度加快,不利于其中复盐浓度的相对稳定,同样影响助镀效果并增加助镀剂维护工作量。
本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点和效果:采用上述方案,可使助镀剂的熔点在传统锌铵助镀剂的180℃和230℃熔点基础上降至142~223℃范围,将有利于浸镀时盐膜的熔出,使得助镀剂与锌基金属液反应形成的浮渣尽快浮出,减少浸镀造成的烟尘,减少浮渣量,加快被镀金属件基体和助镀剂盐膜界面与被镀金属件基体和锌基合金液界面的界面替换反应,改善助镀剂与锌基金属液的润湿性和热浸镀锌生产环境,避免了浮渣黏附在镀件表面或上浮迟滞造成的漏镀或表面缺陷,尤其是磷酸二氢锌或/和磷酸二氢钠的加入,可以降低以氯化锌、氯化钠为主盐的复盐助镀剂的熔点,并通过配比的变化调控熔点范围。当磷酸二氢锌和磷酸二氢钠两原料总量占助镀剂复盐总量的3~30%时,复盐助镀剂的熔点可以在142℃~223℃范围内调整,有利于提高助镀效果,降低漏镀率,提高镀件质量。
具体实施方式
以下结合实例对本发明作进一步详述。
实施例1
在1000 L自来水中,加入氯化锌80 kg,氯化钠10 kg,氟化钠5 kg,磷酸二氢钠20 kg,全氟辛基磺酰季碘化物0.9 kg,脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯1.1 kg,充分搅拌均匀,得低熔点、少浮渣、无铵盐的热浸镀助镀剂。
实施例2
在1000 L自来水中,加入氯化锌140 kg,氯化钠30 kg,氟化钠15 kg,磷酸二氢锌80 kg,脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯2 kg,N-乙基,N-羟乙基全氟辛基磺酰胺1 kg,充分搅拌均匀,得低熔点、少浮渣、无铵盐的热浸镀助镀剂。
实施例3
在1000 L自来水中,加入氯化锌100 kg,氯化钠20 kg,氟化钠10 kg,磷酸二氢钠30 kg,磷酸二氢锌30 kg,全氟辛基磺酰季碘化物0.5kg,脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯0.5 kg,N-乙基,N-羟乙基全氟辛基磺酰胺1kg,充分搅拌均匀,得低熔点、少浮渣、无铵盐的热浸镀助镀剂。
实施例4
在1000 L自来水中,加入氯化锌80 kg,氯化钠30 kg,氟化钠5 kg,磷酸二氢钠80 kg,全氟辛基磺酰季碘化物1.5 kg,充分搅拌均匀,得低熔点、少浮渣、无铵盐的热浸镀助镀剂。
实施例5
在1000 L自来水中,加入氯化锌140 kg,氯化钠10 kg,氟化钠10 kg,磷酸二氢钠50 kg,磷酸二氢锌30 kg,脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯1.9 kg,充分搅拌均匀,得低熔点、少浮渣、无铵盐的热浸镀助镀剂。
实施例6
在1000 L自来水中,加入氯化锌120 kg,氯化钠25 kg,氟化钠15 kg,磷酸二氢钠60 kg, N-乙基,N-羟乙基全氟辛基磺酰胺1kg,充分搅拌均匀,得低熔点、少浮渣、无铵盐的热浸镀助镀剂。
实施例7
助镀剂的使用方法:
1、将实施例1的助镀剂加热到40℃备用;
2、将经过常规乳化除油、酸洗除锈、清水漂洗过的长450 mm的50×50×4的角钢75 kg浸入步骤1的助镀剂中1分钟后,将角钢从助镀剂中提出;
3、将步骤2的角钢放在温度为40℃的烘床上烘干20分钟;
4、将步骤3烘干的角钢浸入常规锌浴中进行热浸镀锌;浸入过程中未出现爆锌和烟尘,浸镀10秒开始至30秒内,呈灰黑色的助镀剂复盐浮渣即浮出锌液表面,对比试验结果显示:采用本发明助镀剂的浮渣量较之传统氯化锌-铵助镀的减少约40%。角钢从锌液中提出继温水浴冷却后,发现角钢表面无漏镀现象,镀层色泽均匀;经磁力测厚仪检测,镀层厚度为96 μm。
实施例8
1、将实施例2的助镀剂加热到60℃备用;
2、将经过常规乳化除油、酸洗除锈、清水漂洗过的长900 mm的70×70×5的角钢230 kg浸入步骤1的助镀剂中2分钟后,将角钢从助镀剂中提出;
3、将步骤2的角钢放在温度为100℃的烘床上烘干10分钟;
4、将步骤3烘干的角钢浸入常规锌浴中进行热浸镀锌;浸入过程中未出现爆锌和烟尘,浸镀25秒开始至50秒内,呈灰黑色的助镀剂复盐浮渣即浮出锌液表面,对比试验结果显示:采用本发明助镀剂的浮渣量较之传统氯化锌-铵助镀的减少约45%,角钢从锌液中提出继温水浴冷却后,发现角钢表面无漏镀现象,镀层色泽均匀;经磁力测厚仪检测,镀层厚度为123 μm。
Claims (2)
1.一种低熔点、少浮渣的热浸镀助镀剂,其特征在于每升助镀剂中含有下列组分:
氯化锌 80~140 g/L
氯化钠 10~30 g/L
氟化钠 5~15 g/L
磷酸二氢盐 20~80 g/L
表面活性剂 0.2~3 g/L
余量为水;
其中,所述磷酸二氢盐为磷酸二氢锌、磷酸二氢钠中的一种或者二种的混合物;所述表面活性剂为全氟辛基磺酰季碘化物、N-乙基,N-羟乙基全氟辛基磺酰胺、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯中的一种或几种。
2.如权利要求1所述的热浸镀助镀剂,其特征在于所述氯化钠、氟化钠、磷酸二氢钠的加入量为:钠离子在助镀剂中的离子浓度为10~32 g/L。
3. 一种如权利要求1所述的热浸镀助镀剂的使用方法,其特征在于:将经过常规除油、除锈处理的被镀金属件浸入温度为40℃~60℃的助镀剂中处理1~2分钟,之后取出,按常规在40℃~120℃温度下干燥或烘干,使其表面附着一层均匀的助镀剂膜,之后再按常规浸入熔融锌或锌铝合金液中进行热浸镀。
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US3936540A (en) * | 1973-07-12 | 1976-02-03 | Foseco International Limited | Hot dip galvanising |
US3936326A (en) * | 1974-11-01 | 1976-02-03 | Th. Goldschmidt Ag | Smokeless fluxing agent for hot-tinning, hot-galvanizing, and hot-leading of articles made from iron |
CN101555576A (zh) * | 2009-05-22 | 2009-10-14 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种热浸镀用助镀剂添加剂 |
CN101575691A (zh) * | 2009-05-22 | 2009-11-11 | 昆明理工大学 | 热浸镀用多功能助镀剂 |
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US3936326A (en) * | 1974-11-01 | 1976-02-03 | Th. Goldschmidt Ag | Smokeless fluxing agent for hot-tinning, hot-galvanizing, and hot-leading of articles made from iron |
CN101555576A (zh) * | 2009-05-22 | 2009-10-14 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种热浸镀用助镀剂添加剂 |
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