The double-layer composite artificial floating island
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the environmental improvement technical field of waters water such as lake, river, pond, relate in particular to a kind of double-layer composite artificial floating island.
Background technology:
In recent years, owing to industrial or agricultural develops rapidly, population increase, environmental pollution is serious, and the eutrophication degree aggravation of the many water bodys of China causes the water quality severe exacerbation, has directly influenced the quality and the view of water body, and has endangered livestock and human beings'health.Therefore, seek a kind ofly can cut down water body eutrophication degree, the method that can beautify the environment is the active demand of building a Harmonious Society again.
Artificial floating island have packaged type operation, unpowered, do not have characteristics such as maintenances, long service life, be a kind of effective ways that are used for the eutrophication water body water quality purification at present.It is to be carrier can swim in the water surface and to be difficult for the dispersive material, and going up people in its surface is the plant waterplant of various suitable waters growths or the water purification system of terrestrial plant.Waterplant in the chinampa utilizes nutritive substances such as the direct absorption of N of the root system of self, P, transforms then to be stored into plant stem-leaf, effectively removes nutritive substances such as N, P in the water body by plant harvesting repeatedly; Simultaneously, the root system of waterplant prosperity is carrying a lot of active biotic populations, comprises N, P material in the synergy Degradation and Transformation water of having a liking for phosphorus, different azotobacters by plant and microorganism; And the chinampa plant can carry stem and the Ye Xianggen district of airborne oxygen by plant, makes near the root district that formation is aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic varying environment, promotes nitrated, anti-nitration reaction to carry out, and is beneficial to the removal of nutritive substance in the water.
Application number is that 200920086019.7 Chinese patent is mentioned and a kind ofly can be adapted to the high value terrestrial plant and grow in natural water, and to the multi-functional plant floating bed of pollutant removals such as nitrogen phosphorus, this invention steadiness is good, has capacity of anti-storm preferably; But the deficiency of this invention is that space availability ratio is little, and the plantation plant is less, and making processes is more loaded down with trivial details.Application number is that 201010189597.0 Chinese patent has been introduced a kind of box-type biological floating bed and using method, this invention planting aquatic plants in last floating bed mesh grid, culturing small-sized filter-feeding fish in the floating bed net cage down, at net cage bottom cultivated shellfish, can absorb decomposition to the pollutent in the water preferably, but the interior food of unit water tank is limited in the general water body, breeds fish in casing and can cause fish kills because of inanition, causes extra pollution.Also have a kind of Chinese mugwort because of wooden chinampa, this chinampa is that raw material is made with reprocessed plastic(s), paper scrap etc., and this chinampa is heavier, and productive expense is higher, and also at the experimental stage at present, is difficult to apply.
Summary of the invention:
In sum, in order to have overcome the deficiency of prior art problem, the invention provides a kind of double-layer composite artificial floating island, it is that artificial floating island is designed to double-layer structure, upper strata plantation emergent, planting submerged plant is planted by lower floor, can make full use of the water body space and can not produce secondary pollution, can make full use of the space, effectively utilize the decontamination effect improving of waterplant, microorganism and matrix, and avoided floristic unicity, remedied the deficiencies in the prior art.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of double-layer composite artificial floating island, wherein: it comprises upper frame, underframe and pillar stiffener, upper frame is connected by pillar stiffener with underframe, upper frame is the upper shed container, and matrix is housed in it, and underframe is formed by the mutual colligation of open tube, the open tube two ends mouth of pipe passes through plug seal, be provided with down matrix in the open tube, open tube is provided with implantation hole, and the open tube both sides are provided with permeable hole.
Technical scheme of the present invention can also be achieved in that between described upper frame and the underframe and be provided with plastic wire, plastic wire be arranged on upper frame and underframe around.
Technical scheme of the present invention can also be achieved in that after described underframe twines by iron plate and be fixed on the back up pad again that back up pad is a plank, and underframe is connected with pillar stiffener by back up pad.
Technical scheme of the present invention can also be achieved in that on the opening of described upper frame, all be coated with gauze on the implantation hole, on the permeable hole.
Technical scheme of the present invention can also be achieved in that the area of the area 〉=upper frame of described underframe.
Technical scheme of the present invention can also be achieved in that described last matrix and following matrix are the ratio preparation of 9:7:6:1 according to mass ratio by zeolite, haydite, expanded vermiculite, corn cob.
Technical scheme of the present invention can also be achieved in that described upper frame is provided with counterpoise.
Technical scheme of the present invention can also be achieved in that described open tube is a pvc pipe, or is thick bamboo tube.
Technical scheme of the present invention can also be achieved in that described upper frame is interfixed by plank and form.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, the present invention is a bilayer structure, and every layer of each have their own characteristic, and wherein the upper and lower all are filled with matrix, and planting has vegetation, and this kind collocation has effectively utilized the water body space, has increased the contact area of chinampa and pollutent.
2, the present invention designs lower floor's area more than or equal to the upper strata, the light that makes the upper strata be unlikely to shelter to enter lower floor and the growth that influences the lower floor submerged plant, and this structure more helps the syntrophism of levels plant, makes their better performance soil-removing actions.
3, matrix of the present invention adopts zeolite according to a certain percentage, haydite, and expanded vermiculite and corn cob are formed, and help promoting the growth of microorganism and plant, shorten the microorganism colonization time, have strengthened the removal effect to the N in the water, P.
4, the present invention is simple in structure, easy to use, cost is low, is easy to make.
5, there is a degradation process faster in the present invention to water pollutant, impaired water body is restored, use the present invention after one month, the pollutent index can be found out obvious reduction near the water body in chinampa, total phosphorus is removed can reach 30-45%, and total nitrogen can reach 45-55%, and ammonia nitrogen removal frank reaches 40-50%, organic removal rate reaches 35-50%, and water body species diversity index can increase 4-6%.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the A-A cross-sectional schematic of Fig. 1 of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of underframe among Fig. 1 of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the end face structure synoptic diagram of open tube of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is another structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment:
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Embodiment one:
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, shown in Figure 4, a kind of double-layer composite artificial floating island, it comprises upper frame 2, underframe 6 and pillar stiffener 3, upper frame 2 and underframe 6 are tetragon, the area of underframe 6 is greater than the area of upper frame 2, and four jiaos of upper frame 2 and center are provided with counterpoise 15, and upper frame 2 is connected by pillar stiffener 3 with underframe 6, be provided with plastic wire 4 between upper frame 2 and the underframe 6, plastic wire 4 is arranged on around upper frame 2 and the underframe 6; Upper frame 2 is the upper shed container, is fixedly formed by the mutual assembly unit of plank, and matrix 1 is housed in it, is coated with gauze 10 on the opening of upper frame 2; Underframe 6 is by open tube 9 mutual colligations, twine by iron plate 5 again, be fixed at last on the back up pad 7, open tube 9 is a pvc pipe, the open tube 9 two ends mouths of pipe are provided with down matrix 11 by stopper 12 sealings in the open tube 9, open tube 9 is provided with implantation hole 13, open tube 9 both sides are provided with permeable hole 8, are coated with down gauze 14 on implantation hole 13 and the permeable hole 8.Last matrix 1 reaches down, and matrix 11 is the ratio preparation of 9:7:6:1 according to mass ratio by zeolite, haydite, expanded vermiculite, corn cob.
When making, upper frame 2 usefulness planks are made, and with iron nail planking nail are got up to make the square frame of the 1.5m * 1.5m of upper shed, and its plank thickness is about 2cm, the high about 15cm of framework.Underframe 6 usefulness internal diameters are that the length of 10cm is that the mutual colligation of pvc pipe of 2m is made, and the pvc pipe two ends are sealed with stopper.Pvc pipe is made a call to the implantation hole 13 of a diameter 5cm every 6cm along its length direction, 13 dozens of implantation hole are directly over pvc pipe, and permeable hole 8 is stamped in the both sides of pvc pipe, and permeable hole 8 diameters are 1cm, implantation hole 13 and permeable hole 8 are provided with down gauze 14, matrix 11 under filling in pvc pipe.Pvc pipe is the colligation dreit) side by side, and twines with three iron plates, is fixed on then on three back up pads 7, and back up pad 7 is a plank.
After upper frame 2 and underframe 6 complete, with four pillar stiffeners 3 upper frame 2 is connected with underframe 6, interval 70cm goes up plastic wire 4 all around at upper frame 2 and underframe 6 then between upper frame 2 and the underframe 6, and plastic wire 4 is sealed the space between upper frame 2 and the underframe 6.Fill in the upper frame 2 again and go up matrix 1, gauze is incumbent on the opening of framework 2.Last matrix 1 reaches down, and matrix 11 is the ratio preparation of 9:7:6:1 according to mass ratio by zeolite, haydite, expanded vermiculite, corn cob.
During use, plantation emergent in last matrix 1, as mater convolvulus, Scirpus tabernaemontani, nutgrass flatsedge, cattail, calamus, reed, Wildcelery Herb, Sagittaria trifolia L. Var. Angusti-folia(Sieb.) Kitag.(Sagittaria sagittifolia L.), Canna generalis Bailey, tulbaghia violacea etc.In the implantation hole 13 of underframe 6, plant planting submerged plant, as water caltrop, black algae, hornwort, waterweed, leaf of bamboo Herba potamogetonis distincti, eel grass etc.
After plantation finishes, the present invention is put in the sewage that will purify, and fixing, in the time of fixedly, should guarantee that the present invention is not taken away by stormy waves, also to guarantee under the situation of the violent change of water level, can cushion the mutual collision between the present invention.Fixed form will be determined on a case-by-case basis under water, generally adopts weight-type or anchoring type.Anchoring type can be adopted in the place that water is shallow slightly.In order to alleviate the mutual collision between the present invention who causes because of fluctuation of water table, general in the present invention with a small-sized float is set between the inboardend under water.
After fixedly finishing, put counterpoise 15, when needs the present invention floats some, reduce the quantity of counterpoise 15 at four angles and the center of upper frame 2; When needs the present invention sank some, the quantity that increases counterpoise 15 got final product.
Upward matrix 1 of the present invention reaches down, and matrix 11 is the ratio preparation of 9:7:6:1 according to mass ratio by zeolite, haydite, expanded vermiculite, corn cob.Wherein, zeolite is better to ammonia nitrogen absorption; Expanded vermiculite to phosphorus absorption better; Haydite light weight porous is beneficial to microorganism growth; Corn cob can be regulated the matrix organic content and be beneficial to plant and microorganism growth, can better make plant and microorganism growth like this, accelerates the biofilm speed of microorganism on matrix.
Embodiment two:
As shown in Figure 5, repeat embodiment one, following difference is arranged: upper frame 2 is made into diameter 1.5m, the cylindric box-frame of high 0.15m, and it is the 2m circular frame that underframe 6 is made into diameter by pvc pipe.With plastic wire 4 sealings, make the back the present invention that finishes and become round table-like between upper frame 2 and the underframe 6.
Embodiment three:
Repeat embodiment one, following difference is arranged: with four as embodiment one described the present invention, between four upper frames 2 with plank and the rope quadrangularly that interfixes, four underframe 6 usefulness planks layer tetragon that interfix, so just be combined into a upper frame 2 and be 3m * 3m, the combinatorial artificial chinampa of the 4m * 4m of lower floor, just more stable so in use, artificial floating island can not wave back and forth at the water surface.
Be noted that, the above embodiment is to the explanation of technical solution of the present invention and unrestricted, other modification that is equal to replacement or makes of affiliated technical field those of ordinary skill according to prior art, as long as do not exceed the thinking and the scope of technical solution of the present invention, all should be included within the interest field of the presently claimed invention.