CN102007417A - 基于车载传感器的用于偏航率传感器标定的标定算法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种标定车辆航向传感器例如偏航率传感器的系统和方法,当GPS信号不可用时,采用偏差更新模型,该模型利用了偏差增益系数。为了偏差更新模型的准确性,车辆应该相对直线行驶。本发明的一个实施例采用了三个阈值来确定车辆是否直线行驶。这些阈值包括偏航率阈值,方向盘角度阈值和车轮速度阈值。如果所有三个阈值都指示车辆直线行驶,则更新偏差模型可用于标定正偏航率传感器。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及标定航向传感器的系统和方法,例如,偏航率传感器,更具体地,涉及从偏航率传感器中去除传感器偏移误差的系统和方法,以便当无法获得GPS信号时使用偏航率传感器来提供准确的车辆航向,其中该系统和方法利用偏差更新模型来标定传感器,使用偏航率、方向盘角度和差异车轮速度度来识别当车辆相对直线行驶时的时间窗。标定
背景技术
GPS信号,或其他全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)信号,可以提供准确的定位和导航。然而,GPS接收器受天空能见度相关限制,例如,在城市峡谷和密集的树木覆盖区域。此外,GPS信号可能受到上述区域的多路径误差或交叉相关误差影响。当天空能见度短期内(例如10-20秒)短暂提升时,由于存在高灵敏度和快速重新获取GPS技术,精确的GPS信号会变得可用,甚至在欠佳的环境中也是如此。因此,GPS技术持续性归结为在GPS可用时间窗之间的GPS中断内维持定位精度。
车辆级惯性传感器(例如偏航率传感器和加速度计)具有高度变化的偏差和比例特性,从而引起传感器漂移,在没有合适的误差校正技术的情况下,该漂移典型地使得他们不适宜导航和航向测定功能。例如,某些车辆级偏航率传感器允许高达2度/秒的偏航率传感器偏差变化。如果不校正该变化,并允许超过两分钟时段,开始时在0秒具有0度/秒偏差的偏航率传感器可以在120秒后达到2度/秒的偏差。如果为了简单起见假定偏差是线性增长的,作为偏差变化的结果,通过集成未标定的偏航率传感器信号获得的航向变化将仅指示120°的航向变化。
如果距离测量(例如车车轮速度度)可用,甚至当GPS信号不可用时,可采用惯性传感器与GPS接收器结合以提供合理精度的车辆航向和位置,然而,车辆级惯性传感器通常不提供与GPS信号相同等级的精度。当GPS信号可用时,GPS/惯性传感器集成系统可采用GPS信号来标定惯性传感器且维持车辆航向和位置的精确,且当GPS信号不可用时,采用标定的惯性传感器来维持航向和位置的求解,直到GPS信号变得再次可用。
已知的偏航率传感器标定算法通常采用两步过程来达到偏差和比例的标定,且为了标定需要执行特定的车辆操作。例如,传感器偏差标定可需要车辆直线驾驶或在已知的时间段内静止,以便作为传感器偏差的结果,累积的航向误差可被直接估算。对于比例标定,车辆可能需要驾驶通过受控圈数。
2007年6月29日提交、题为GPS-based in-vehicle sensor calibrationalgorithm(基于GPS的车载传感器标定算法)、转让给本申请的受让者且在此将其并入作为参考的美国专利申请序列号11/770898,公开了采用GPS信号以标定航向传感器的系统和方法。该系统接收车轮速度或旋转信号、车辆里程表读数、GPS信号和偏航率信号,且当GPS信号可用时采用GPS信号以标定航向传感器。
如上讨论的,’898申请当GPS信号可用时采用GPS信号标定航向传感器,这样当GPS信号不可用时,航向传感器会在一段时间内相当精确。然而,如果GPS信号在延长的时间段内不可用时,则为了维持航向传感器精度,需要在GPS信号不可用时标定航向传感器。
发明内容
根据本发明的教导,公开了当GPS信号不可用时采用偏差更新模型标定车辆航向传感器(例如偏航率传感器)的系统和方法,偏差更新模型采用了偏差增益系数。为了偏差更新模型准确,车辆应该相对直线行驶。本发明的一个实施例采用了三个阈值以确定车辆是否直线行驶。这些阈值包括偏航率阈值、方向盘角度阈值以及车轮速度阈值。如果所有这三个阈值都指示车辆直线行驶,那么更新偏差模型可用于标定偏航率传感器。
由下面的说明和所附权利要求结合附图将清楚本发明的附加特征。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的实施例的包括提供偏航率传感器标定的系统的车辆的平面图;以及
图2示出根据本发明的实施例的采用偏差更新模型标定偏航率传感器的过程的流程图。
具体实施方式
涉及在GPS信号不可用时采用偏差更新模型标定偏航率传感器的系统和方法的本发明实施例的以下讨论本质上仅仅是示范性的,绝不是打算限制本发明或其应用或使用。
图1是根据本发明实施例的包括偏航率传感器标定控制器12的车辆10的平面图。车辆10还包括前轮14和16以及后轮18和20。车轮14,16,18和20各分别包括车轮速度传感器22,24,26和28,给控制器12提供车轮速度和/或车轮旋转信号。GPS接收器32给控制器12提供GPS信号,以及偏航率传感器34给控制器12提供车辆偏航率传感器信号。此外,手轮角度传感器36给控制器12提供方向盘38旋转的方向盘角度信号。
本发明提出当GPS信号不可用时在控制器12中采用固定航向更新(CHUPT)算法以标定偏航率传感器34,该算法使用了偏差更新模型。尽管偏差更新模型标定偏航率传感器34,但是在其它实施例中,任何合适的提供车辆航向的航向或惯性传感器都可通过CHUPT算法标定。CHUPT算法计算偏航偏差信号YawBiasi,用于减少偏航率传感器34的偏差,以便提供精确的航向读数。
在此实施例中,偏差更新模型定义为:YawBiasi=(1-βCHUPT)YawBiasi-l+βCHUPTYawRatei,CHUPT (1)其中βCHUPT为偏差增益系数。
为了偏差更新模型的准确性,车辆10需要相对直线行驶。CHUPT算法使用了车辆偏航率,方向盘角度以及差异车轮速度以识别在车辆航向相对固定(也就是车辆直线行驶)时的时间窗。车辆需要行驶多直的程度以及时间窗需要多久可由四个预定参数控制,即,偏航标准偏差阈值方向盘角度标准偏差阈值差异车轮速度阈值和时间窗长度。
下面的公式(2)和(3)识别出该算法如何分别确定在时间窗P期间偏航率信号YawRate的标准偏差是否小于偏航标准偏差阈值以及方向盘角度信号SteeringWheelAng的标准偏差是否小于方向盘角度标准偏差阈值 其中N是偏航率窗的长度。 其中P是方向盘角度窗。
在当车辆10沿着曲线行驶且方向盘角度保持固定的情况下仍然可以满足公式(2)和(3)的条件。偏航率信号在这种情况下也可指示固定的车辆航向。在这种情况下,偏航率信号指示不应该在偏差中被考虑为变化的实际航向速率。为了避免这样的错误判定,可执行差异车轮速度确认。此确认由下面的公式(4)示出,确认出在左右非驱动轮计数或速度之间的差仅仅指示出测量噪音和在给定的时间窗期间未看到明显差别。 其中WheelSpeedL是左非驱动轮的车轮速度且WheelSpeedR是右非驱动轮的车轮速度。
如果方向盘角度标准偏差和偏航率标准偏差没有变化超过预定阈值且非驱动轮之间的相对速度在预定阈值内也大约相同,那么认定车辆10没有转弯。当公式(2)-(4)中给出的条件满足时,CHUPT算法采用偏航率信号和公式(1)来更新当前偏航率偏差YawBiasi。
图2是示出了根据本发明实施例的本发明校正偏航率传感器34偏航偏差的步骤的流程图40。在框42处,算法采用公式(2)的偏航率阈值计算来确定车辆10是否直线行驶。在框44处,算法采用公式(3)的方向盘角度阈值计算来确定车辆10是否直线行驶。在框46处,算法采用公式(4)的车轮速度阈值计算来确定车辆10是否直线行驶。如果所有的这些计算都确定车辆10相对直线行驶,那么算法采用公式(1)的更新偏差模型来更新或标定偏航率传感器34。
前面讨论公开和描述的仅仅是本发明的示范性实施例。本领域技术人员很容易由此讨论以及由附图和权利要求认识到,在不脱离所附权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以进行各种变化、修改和变型。
Claims (19)
1.一种车辆中的偏航率传感器标定系统,所述车辆包括4个车轮,所述系统包括:
偏航率传感器,提供指示车辆偏航的偏航率信号;
手轮角度传感器,提供车辆方向盘旋转的旋转信号;
多个车轮速度传感器,提供车辆车轮速度的车轮速度信号;以及
偏航率传感器标定控制器,所述控制器采用偏差更新模型标定偏航率传感器,所述控制器响应于偏航率信号、旋转信号和车轮速度信号,所述标定控制器采用对偏航率信号、手轮角度信号和车轮速度信号中的每一个的独立计算来确定车辆是否相对直线行驶,如果车辆相对直线行驶,所述控制器标定偏航率传感器。
2.根据权利要求1的系统,还包括给标定控制器提供GPS信号的GPS接收器,以指示车辆的位置,当GPS信号可用时所述标定控制器采用GPS信号来标定偏航率传感器,当GPS信号不可用时所述标定控制器采用偏差更新模型标定偏航率传感器。
3.根据权利要求1的系统,其中,标定控制器采用偏差更新模型通过使用下面的公式计算偏航偏差来标定偏航率传感器:
YawBiasi=(1-βCHUPT)YawBiasi-l+βCHUPT YawRatei,CHUPT
其中,YawBiasi是偏航偏差且βCHUPT为偏差增益系数。
7.一种车辆中的航向传感器标定系统,所述车辆包括4个车轮,所述系统包括:
航向传感器,提供指示车辆航向的航向信号;
多个车辆传感器,提供识别车辆参数的传感器信号;以及
航向传感器标定控制器,采用偏差更新模型标定航向传感器,所述控制器响应于航向信号和传感器信号,所述控制器采用航向信号和传感器信号以确定车辆是否相对直线行驶,如果车辆相对直线行驶,所述控制器标定航向传感器。
8.根据权利要求7的系统,其中,航向传感器是偏航率传感器,提供指示车辆偏航的偏航率信号。
9.根据权利要求8的系统,其中,标定控制器采用偏差更新模型通过使用下面的公式计算偏航偏差来标定偏航率传感器:
YawBiasi=(1-βCHUPT)YawBiasi-l+βCHUPTYawRatei,CHUPT
其中,YawBiasi是偏航偏差且βCHUPT为偏差增益系数。
10.根据权利要求7的系统,其中,所述多个车辆传感器包括提供车辆方向盘旋转的旋转信号的手轮角度传感器、以及提供车辆车轮速度的车轮速度信号的多个车轮速度传感器,所述标定控制器采用旋转信号、航向信号和车轮速度信号以确定车辆是否相对直线行驶。
14.根据权利要求7的系统,进一步包括给标定控制器提供GPS信号的GPS接收器,以指示车辆的位置,当GPS信号可用时所述标定控制器采用GPS信号来标定航向传感器,当GPS信号不可用时所述标定控制器采用偏差更新模型标定航向传感器。
15.一种车辆中的偏航率传感器标定系统,所述车辆包括4个车轮,所述系统包括:
偏航率传感器,提供指示车辆偏航的偏航率信号;
手轮角度传感器,提供车辆方向盘旋转的旋转信号;
多个车轮速度传感器,提供车辆车轮速度的车轮速度信号;
GPS接收器,提供指示车辆位置的GPS信号;以及
偏航率传感器标定控制器,采用偏差更新模型标定偏航率传感器,所述控制器响应于偏航率信号、手轮旋转信号、车轮速度信号和GPS信号,当GPS信号可用时所述标定控制器采用GPS信号来标定偏航率传感器,当GPS信号不可用且车辆相对直线行驶时所述标定控制器采用偏差更新模型标定偏航率传感器,所述标定控制器采用对偏航率信号、手轮角度信号和车轮速度信号中的每一个的独立计算来确定车辆是否相对直线行驶。
16.根据权利要求15的系统,其中,标定控制器采用偏差更新模型通过使用下面的公式计算偏航偏差来标定偏航率传感器:
YawBiasi=(1-βCHUPT)YawBiasi-l+βCHUPT YawRatei,CHUPT
其中,YawBiasi是偏航偏差且βCHUPT为偏差增益系数。
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DE112009000920T5 (de) | 2011-03-03 |
DE112009000920B4 (de) | 2021-05-20 |
WO2009129076A3 (en) | 2010-01-14 |
WO2009129076A2 (en) | 2009-10-22 |
US8195357B2 (en) | 2012-06-05 |
US20090265054A1 (en) | 2009-10-22 |
CN102007417B (zh) | 2013-04-10 |
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