CN102000492B - 喷射石灰浆循环流化床半干法脱硫装置 - Google Patents
喷射石灰浆循环流化床半干法脱硫装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102000492B CN102000492B CN 201010561212 CN201010561212A CN102000492B CN 102000492 B CN102000492 B CN 102000492B CN 201010561212 CN201010561212 CN 201010561212 CN 201010561212 A CN201010561212 A CN 201010561212A CN 102000492 B CN102000492 B CN 102000492B
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- gas
- desulfurization
- desulfurization reaction
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- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000002002 slurries Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reactions Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000006477 desulfuration reactions Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 230000003009 desulfurizing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000007787 solids Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007789 gases Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003546 flue gases Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000463 materials Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007924 injections Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 239000000203 mixtures Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000008247 solid mixtures Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering processes Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008187 granular materials Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 sprays Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003134 recirculating Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001890 sulfur dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulphur dioxide Chemical compound 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O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagrams Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium sulfate Chemical compound 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[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GBAOBIBJACZTNA-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium sulfite Chemical compound 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[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])=O GBAOBIBJACZTNA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbents Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052944 calcium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010261 calcium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and processes Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound 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[S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 sulfur dioxide Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
Abstract
本发明公开了一种喷射石灰浆循环流化床半干法脱硫装置，包括脱硫反应塔、气固分离器和引风机，脱硫反应塔下部石灰浆液喷嘴和烟气进口，脱硫反应塔的反应后气体出口与气固分离器之间通过扰流器连通，扰流器位于脱硫反应塔的反应后气体出口上部；本发明在脱硫反应塔出气口上部设置扰流器，将脱硫反应排出的气固混合物强化混合为紊流状态，加强混合物脱硫反应，同时部分未反应浆液颗粒在扰流器内碰撞后返回脱硫反应塔再进行反应，提高脱硫脱硫效率，在大烟气流量下能够减轻气固分离器的工作负荷，且保证其分离效果，能够适用于大流量烟气脱硫的场合，在烟气流量较小时，扰流器通过强化紊流，延长接触反应时间，提高了装置脱硫效率。
Description
喷射石灰浆循环流化床半干法脱硫装置
技术领域 [0001] 本发明涉及一种用于烟气处理的环保装置，特别涉及一种对烟气进行脱硫的装置。
背景技术
[0002] 半干法脱硫技术是在脱硫反应塔内喷入石灰浆雾滴，雾滴与烟气中的二氧化硫反应生成亚硫酸钙和硫酸钙，并且，通过高温烟气作用，石灰浆中的水分蒸发，得到干燥的产物。
[0003] 循环流化床半干法烟气脱硫技术具体工艺是含硫烟气从循环流化床底部进入反应塔，在反应塔内的文丘里段被加速，将从反应塔侧壁喷入塔内的以石灰浆液和循环回流物料吹起，形成沸腾床体。气体和物料在循环流化床内产生强烈的碰撞、摩擦、反应和传热的物理化学过程，在这个过程中石灰浆液颗粒与烟气中的二氧化硫进行充分化学反应，除去二氧化硫等酸性气体，然后烟气携带部分脱硫剂颗粒进入气固分离器，进行气固分离。脱硫后的净烟气通过烟囱排入大气，气固分离器分离下来的脱硫吸收剂颗粒经回料器返回反应塔再次参加反应，通过多次循环提高脱硫效率。循环流化床半干法脱硫技术适用于火电厂烟气脱硫、烧结烟气脱硫和其他冶金、石化行业中的烟气脱硫。
[0004] 现有技术中，循环流化床半干法脱硫装置存在以下问题：一、气固分离器与反应塔通过管道连接或直接连接，反应塔出口烟气和物料直接进入气固分离器，在脱硫烟气量增大时，气固分离器处于高负荷状态运行，除尘分离效率降低；当脱硫烟气量减小时，反应塔内由于湍流和扰动不充分而效率低下；由此导致循环流化床半干法脱硫装置对于烧结烟气等烟气波动大或波动频繁的工况适应性较差。二、循环流化床启动时，启动料通过回料系统管口进入反应塔，料床形成和稳定过程时间长，导致系统启动和调整响应缓慢。
[0005] 因此，需要对现有的循环流化床半干法脱硫装置进行改进，保证脱硫效率，在大烟气流量状态下能够减轻气固分离器的负荷，保证其分离效果，能够适用于大流量烟气脱硫的场合，同时较小流量的烟气也能正常运行，从而对烟气量波动具有较好的适应性。
发明内容
[0006] 有鉴于此，本发明的目的是提供一种喷射石灰浆循环流化床半干法脱硫装置，保证脱硫效率，在大烟气流量状态下能够减轻气固分离器的负荷，保证其分离效果，能够适用于大流量烟气脱硫的场合，同时对于较小流量的烟气也能正常运行，从而对烟气量波动具有较好的适应性。
[0007] 本发明的喷射石灰浆循环流化床半干法脱硫装置，包括按照烟气走向依次设置的脱硫反应塔、气固分离器和引风机，所述脱硫反应塔下部设置石灰浆液喷嘴和烟气进口，脱硫反应塔上部设置反应后气体出口，所述脱硫反应塔的反应后气体出口与气固分离器之间通过扰流器连通，所述扰流器位于脱硫反应塔的反应后气体出口上部。
[0008] 进一步，所述气固分离器为位于扰流器上部的布袋除尘器组，布袋除尘器组的进气主流道进口位于布袋除尘器组中间；
[0009] 进一步，所述脱硫反应塔下部烟气进口所在塔段为向上的文丘里管塔段，所述石灰浆液喷嘴设置于文丘里管塔段或者位于文丘里塔段上部；
[0010] 进一步，所述扰流器的过流通道设置扰流挡板，所述扰流挡板并列倾斜设置或者呈波浪形排列；
[0011] 进一步，所述脱硫反应塔下部位于烟气进口上部还设置启动料喷嘴；
[0012] 进一步，所述引风机出口通过烟气总管连通于烟囱，所述烟气总管设置通过脱硫反应塔底部连通于脱硫反应塔的循环支路； [0013] 进一步，所述气固分离器固体排料通道设置连通于一回料器的支路，所述回料器通过回料管连通于脱硫反应塔。
[0014] 本发明的有益效果是：本发明的喷射石灰浆循环流化床半干法脱硫装置，在脱硫反应塔出气口上部设置扰流器，将脱硫反应排出的气固混合物强化混合为紊流状态，加强混合物脱硫反应，同时部分未反应浆液颗粒在扰流器内碰撞后返回脱硫反应塔再进行反应，提高脱硫反应效率，在大烟气流量状态下能够减轻气固分离器的工作负荷，保证其分离效果，能够适用于大流量烟气脱硫的场合，在烟气流量较小时，扰流器通过强化紊流，延长接触反应时间，同时扰流器的碰撞返料提高了装置脱硫效率，从而使本装置对于烟气量波动具有较好的适应性。
附图说明
[0015] 下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
[0016] 图I为本发明的流程示意图；
[0017] 图2为扰流器挡板排列方式之一示意图；
[0018] 图3为扰流器挡板排列方式之二示意图。
具体实施方式
[0019] 图I为本发明的流程示意图，图2为扰流器挡板排列方式之一示意图，如图所示：本实施例的喷射石灰浆循环流化床半干法脱硫装置，包括按照烟气走向依次设置的脱硫反应塔I、气固分离器3和引风机5，所述脱硫反应塔I下部石灰浆液喷嘴15和烟气进口 12，脱硫反应塔I上部设置反应后气体出口，所述脱硫反应塔I的反应后气体出口与气固分离器3之间通过扰流器2连通，所述扰流器2位于脱硫反应塔I的反应后气体出口上部。
[0020] 本实施例中，所述气固分离器3为位于扰流器2上部的布袋除尘器组，布袋除尘器组的进气主流道4进口位于布袋除尘器组中间；经过扰流器2强化反应后的混合物进入气固分离器进气主流道4，与进气主流道4顶部产生碰撞后气流换向，同时混合物中的大颗粒直接返回脱硫反应塔1，大颗粒包括浆液颗粒和脱硫产物颗粒，浆液颗粒继续与烟气反应，脱硫产物颗粒返回反应塔作为床料，进一步降低气固分离器3的负荷，使本装置更能适应于大流量烟气脱硫；同时，本装置中的脱硫反应塔I、扰流器2和气固分离器3为一体化固定连接装置，设备布置和连接方式紧凑合理，节约占地面积，从而节约建设成本。
[0021] 本实施例中，所述脱硫反应塔I下部烟气进口 12所在塔段为向上的文丘里管塔段，所述石灰浆液喷嘴15设置于文丘里管塔段或者位于文丘里塔段上部，本实施例为上部；使烟气加速后与石灰浆液混合，保证混合效果，提高反应效率。
[0022] 本实施例中，所述扰流器2的过流通道设置扰流挡板2a，所述扰流挡板2a并列倾斜设置，如图2所示，当然，也可采用波浪形排列方式，如图3所示，扰流挡板2a按波浪形排列；该结构利于挡住上升的固体颗粒或者浆液颗粒，并将其引至塔内重新参与反应。
[0023] 本实施例中，所述脱硫反应塔I下部位于烟气进口 12上部还设置启动料喷嘴14 ；设置启动料喷嘴14，在系统启动的时喷入床料，利于料床形成和稳定，缩短装置启动时间。
[0024] 本实施例中，所述引风机5出口通过烟气总管7连通于烟囱6，所述烟气总管7设置通过脱硫反应塔I底部连通于脱硫反应塔I的循环支路7a ;利于调整脱硫反应塔I内的工艺参数，利于反应的正常进行，适应于烟气流量的大范围波动。
[0025] 本实施例中，所述气固分离器3固体排料通道9设置连通于一回料器8的支路9a，所述回料器8通过回料管10连通于脱硫反应塔。
[0026] 最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较 佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或/和等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (5)
1. 一种喷射石灰浆循环流化床半干法脱硫装置，包括按照烟气走向依次设置的脱硫反应塔、气固分离器和引风机，所述脱硫反应塔下部石灰浆液喷嘴和烟气进口，脱硫反应塔上部设置反应后气体出口，其特征在于：所述脱硫反应塔的反应后气体出口与气固分离器之间通过扰流器连通，所述扰流器位于脱硫反应塔的反应后气体出口上部； 所述扰流器的过流通道设置扰流挡板，所述扰流挡板并列倾斜设置或者呈波浪形排列； 所述脱硫反应塔下部位于烟气进口上部还设置启动料喷嘴。
2.根据权利要求I所述的喷射石灰浆循环流化床半干法脱硫装置，其特征在于：所述气固分离器为位于扰流器上部的布袋除尘器组，布袋除尘器组的进气主流道进口位于布袋除尘器组中间。
3.根据权利要求2所述的喷射石灰浆循环流化床半干法脱硫装置，其特征在于：所述脱硫反应塔下部烟气进口所在塔段为向上的文丘里管塔段，所述石灰浆液喷嘴设置于文丘里管塔段或者位于文丘里塔段上部。
4.根据权利要求3所述的喷射石灰浆循环流化床半干法脱硫装置，其特征在于：所述引风机出口通过烟气总管连通于烟®，所述烟气总管设置通过脱硫反应塔底部连通于脱硫反应塔的循环支路。
5.根据权利要求4所述的喷射石灰浆循环流化床半干法脱硫装置，其特征在于：所述气固分离器固体排料通道设置连通于一回料器的支路，所述回料器通过回料管连通于脱硫反应塔。
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