CN102350205B - 一种常温半干式烟气净化方法及系统 - Google Patents
一种常温半干式烟气净化方法及系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102350205B CN102350205B CN201110201846.8A CN201110201846A CN102350205B CN 102350205 B CN102350205 B CN 102350205B CN 201110201846 A CN201110201846 A CN 201110201846A CN 102350205 B CN102350205 B CN 102350205B
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- dry
- bed reactor
- fluid bed
- sedimentation basin
- flue gas
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- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000011901 water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000003009 desulfurizing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002245 particles Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 materials Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002485 combustion reactions Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006703 hydration reactions Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003546 flue gases Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 32
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- 239000007787 solids Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound 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[Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reactions Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation methods Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000576 supplementary Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 and in stirring pool Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
一种常温半干式烟气净化方法及系统，涉及一种燃烧设备排出的烟气中硫氧化物和粉尘的脱除方法及系统。本发明采用循环流化床作为脱硫反应器，快速水合脱除剂为脱硫剂，干湿组合式静电除尘器作为除尘设备。其特点是采用旋风分离器实现快速水合脱硫剂在常温循环流化床反应器内的物料循环，干湿组合式静电除尘器实现颗粒物的高效脱除，湿式静电除尘器以及脱硫剂制备用水循环使用以降低耗水量。本发明具有脱硫和除尘效率高、系统压力损失小、与湿法脱硫相比还具有耗水量小、投资及运行维护费用低的优点，可用于工业锅炉和电站锅炉的烟气净化过程。
Description
一种常温半干式烟气净化方法及系统
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种燃烧设备烟气的净化方法及装置，特别涉及一种常温半干式烟气净化方法及系统，属于烟气净化技术领域。
背景技术
[0002] 燃烧设备产生的大量污染物(诸如硫氧化物、氮氧化物以及粉尘等)对大气环境和人类身体健康产生巨大危害。到目前为止，燃煤的工业锅炉和电站锅炉多采用湿法烟气脱硫技术，其脱硫效率可达95%。湿法脱硫技术由于投资与运行成本高以及较高的耗水量，在一些经济不发达、水资源短缺的地区，其应用受到一定的限制。半干式烟气脱硫技术属于低水耗烟气脱硫技术之一,例如中国专利01144926.8和200410074332.0。专利01144926.8为一种固、气再循环的半干式烟气脱硫和除尘一体化系统，其特点是脱硫和除尘结合，收尘器产物可以在脱硫反应器中循环使用，净化烟气再循环，确保反应器中适当的烟气流速和固体浓度。专利200410074332.0是一种半干式烟气净化方法及其装置，包括与烟道串联的雾化喷水反应器，通过设置临界温度对雾化喷水进行相应启动停止，适用于烟气温度变化较大的情况。现有半干法烟气净化技术，为实现颗粒物的高效分离以满足现有严格的环保要求，需要采用布袋除尘器，由此带来较高的运行阻力，增加了运行成本，也制约了这些技术的普遍推广。中国专利2006101165583.9公布了一种利用快速水合反应制备脱硫剂粉末的方法和装置，由于担载体的加入可制备出粒径较大的脱硫剂，避免了现有半干法脱硫中的细粉物料循环流态化中的分离难题。该专利采用煤粉炉飞灰作为脱硫剂的担载体，从现有实验室试验结果看，担载效果不理想。目前，开发低水耗、高效、低投资与运行维护费用的多种污染物联合脱除技术一直是广大环境工作者的努力方向。
发明内容
[0003] 本发明的目的是提供一种系统阻力小、低水耗且投资与运行维护费用低的常温半干式烟气净化方法及系统。
[0004] 本发明的技术方案如下
[0005] 一种常温半干式烟气净化方法，其特征在于该方法包括如下步骤:
[0006] I)燃烧设备排出的烟气进入循环流化床反应器，同时将由脱硫剂制备装置制备的快速水合脱硫剂采用螺旋进料方式送入循环流化床反应器内与烟气进行反应，在循环流化床反应器内喷水活化脱硫剂；
[0007] 2)从循环流化床反应器顶部出来的烟气携带固体颗粒进入旋风分离器，大部分颗粒被分离收集，其中一部分经回料口重新送入循环流化床反应器内继续参与反应，另一部分由排料口排出并重新作为担载体用于快速水合脱硫剂的制备；
[0008] 3)从旋风分离器出来的烟气携带颗粒物进入干湿组合式静电除尘器除尘，脱除其中的颗粒物，烟气经引风机进入烟囱排放；
[0009] 4)烟气净化过程中补充的水分首先进入干湿组合式静电除尘器中的湿式静电除尘器，除尘后含有颗粒物的浆液排入沉淀池；
[0010] 5)沉淀池内的上清液分为三部分使用:其中一部分上清液经除尘循环水泵与补充的水重新送入湿式静电除尘器；另一部分上清液送入快速水合脱硫剂制备的搅拌池中，搅拌池内浆液经真空过滤器过滤，过滤后的水经制料循环水泵重新送入沉淀池；第三部分上清液经活化喷水泵供给循环流化床反应器喷水活化脱硫剂使用，蒸发后与烟气混合。
[0011] 上述技术方案中，所述快速水合脱硫剂以石灰为钙基脱硫剂，以粉煤灰、循环流化床锅炉循环灰、循环流化床锅炉静电除尘器烟气流经的第一至第三室分离下来的灰和所述的旋风分离器下部排料口排出的物料中的一种或几种的混合物为担载体，经过水合、担载后用真空过滤器过滤制得。
[0012] 本发明提供的一种常温半干式烟气净化系统，其特征在于:所述系统包括循环流化床反应器、螺旋给料器、旋风分离器、干湿组合式静电除尘器、沉淀池、搅拌池和真空过滤器；所述的干湿组合式静电除尘器由干式静电除尘器和湿式静电除尘器组成；烟气依次经过循环流化床反应器、旋风分离器、干式静电除尘器和湿式静电除尘器后，通过引风机送入烟囱；湿式静电除尘器的排水口与沉淀池连接，沉淀池上设有三个上清液使用出口，其中一个上清液使用出口通过管道与湿式静电除尘器喷水口相连，在该管道上安装有调节阀和除尘循环水泵；沉淀池的第二个上清液使用出口通过管道与循环流化床反应器喷水口相连，在该管道上安装有活化喷水泵和调节阀门；沉淀池的第三个上清液使用出口与脱硫剂制备装置的搅拌池相连，在该管道上亦安装有调节阀；所述的搅拌池出口连接真空过滤器，真空过滤器的排水口通过管道与沉淀池相连，在该管道上安装有调节阀和制料循环水泵。
[0013] 本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点及有益效果:①由于除尘装置采用静电除尘器代替布袋除尘器，在保证脱硫效率及颗粒物高效分离的前提下使得系统流动阻力降低到原有阻力的1/5，且易于维护，可降低运行、维护费用。②采用半干式脱硫方法，且湿式静电除尘器与脱硫剂制备用水均循环使用，与湿法烟气脱硫相比，在满足排放标准的前提下，系统耗水量小，可减少装置腐蚀，进一步降低系统的运行、维护费用。③快速水合脱硫剂以石灰为钙基脱硫剂，当担载体采用了循环流化床锅炉循环灰、循环流化床锅炉静电除尘器烟气流经的第一至第三室分离下来的灰和本发明旋风分离器下部排料口排出的固体物料中的一种或几种的混合物后，制得的脱硫剂颗粒与煤粉炉飞灰作为担载体制得的脱硫剂相比具有较高的担载与脱硫效果，可实现高效脱硫的目的。
[0014] 本发明具有脱硫和除尘效率高、系统压力损失小、与湿法脱硫相比还具有耗水量小、投资及运行维护费用较低的优点，可用于工业锅炉和电站锅炉的烟气净化过程。
附图说明
[0015]图1为本发明提供的常温半干式烟气净化系统实施例的结构示意图。
[0016] 图中:1_烟气进口段；2_大孔射流布风板；3_循环流化床反应器；4_脱硫剂进口 ；5_螺旋给料器；6_循环流化床反应器喷水口 ；7_旋风分离器；8-回料口 ；9_排料口 ；10_干式静电除尘器；11_干式静电除尘器排灰口 ；12_湿式静电除尘器；13_沉淀池；14_除尘循环水泵；15-湿式静电除尘器喷水口 ； 16-沉淀池排灰口 ； 17-搅拌池；18-脱硫剂及担载体原料进口 ； 19-真空过滤器；20_真空泵；21_制料循环水泵；22_活化喷水泵；23_系统补水口 ；24_引风机；25_烟囱。具体实施方式
[0017] 下面结合附图进一步说明本发明的原理、结构及工作过程。
[0018]图1为本发明提供的常温半干式烟气净化系统实施例的结构示意图。该系统包括:循环流化床反应器3、设置在循环流化床反应器上的螺旋给料器5、与循环流化床反应器的气体出口相连的旋风分离器7、干湿组合式静电除尘器、沉淀池13、搅拌池17和真空过滤器19 ;干湿组合式静电除尘器由干式静电除尘器10和湿式静电除尘器12组成；烟气依次经过循环流化床反应器3、旋风分离器7、干式静电除尘器10和湿式静电除尘器12后，通过引风机24送入烟囱25 ;湿式静电除尘器12的排水口与沉淀池13连接；沉淀池上设有三个上清液使用出口，其中一个上清液使用出口通过管道与湿式静电除尘器喷水口相连，在该管道上安装有调节阀和除尘循环水泵；沉淀池的第二个上清液使用出口通过管道与循环流化床反应器喷水口相连，在该管道上安装有活化喷水泵和调节阀门；沉淀池的第三个上清液使用出口与脱硫剂制备装置的搅拌池相连，在该管道上亦安装有调节阀；所述的搅拌池出口连接真空过滤器，真空过滤器的排水口通过管道与沉淀池相连，在该管道上安装有调节阀和制料循环水泵。
[0019] 本发明的工作过程如下:由燃烧设备来的烟气经过烟气进口段I和大孔射流布风板2进入循环流化床反应器3内，烟气在循环流化床反应器3内的流速约为2-3m/s。由螺旋给料器5将快速水合脱硫剂由脱硫剂进口 4送入循环流化床反应器3内与烟气进行脱硫反应。随后烟气携带固体颗粒进入旋风分离器7，大部分颗粒与烟气分离，其中一部分颗粒通过回料口 8重新进入循环流化床反应器中参与脱硫反应，另一部分颗粒由排料口 9定期排放以维持循环流化床反应器内物料平衡并重新作为担载体用于快速水合脱硫剂的制备。
[0020] 从旋风分离器7出来的烟气携带颗粒物进入干式静电除尘器10，部分颗粒物被收集并由干式静电除尘器排灰口 11排出。烟气携带剩余颗粒物进入湿式静电除尘器12进行除尘，达到排放标准的烟气由引风机24进入烟囱25排放。湿式静电除尘器12排出的含有颗粒物的衆液进入沉淀池13进行沉淀,沉淀池排灰口 16定期清理颗粒物。
[0021] 沉淀池13通过管道和除尘循环水泵14将一部分上清液重新送回湿式静电除尘器12内，与来自系统补水口 23进入的补充水混合，经湿式静电除尘器喷水口 15进入湿式静电除尘器内以脱除颗粒物。沉淀池13的上清液还有一部分通过管道和活化喷水泵22经循环流化床反应器喷水口 6进入循环流化床反应器3，逆流喷入反应器内烟气中，实现脱硫剂的活化作用。沉淀池13的其余上清液被送入脱硫剂制备装置的搅拌池17，用于快速水合脱硫剂的制备。快速水合脱硫剂以石灰为钙基脱硫剂，以粉煤灰、循环流化床锅炉循环灰、循环流化床锅炉静电除尘器烟气流经的第一至第三室分离下来的灰和旋风分离器7下部排料口 9排出的物料中的一种或几种的混合物为担载体,石灰和担载体经过脱硫剂及担载体原料进口 18送入搅拌池17，经过水合、担载后用真空过滤器19过滤至含水量为20-30%的脱硫剂物料。所得脱硫剂被送至螺旋给料器5处使用，真空过滤器19过滤后的水经制料循环水泵21送入沉淀池13循环使用。
Claims (2)
1.一种常温半干式烟气净化方法，其特征在于该方法包括如下步骤: 1)燃烧设备排出的烟气进入循环流化床反应器，同时将由脱硫剂制备装置制备的快速水合脱硫剂采用螺旋进料方式送入循环流化床反应器内与烟气进行反应，在循环流化床反应器内喷水活化脱硫剂；所述快速水合脱硫剂以石灰为钙基脱硫剂，以粉煤灰、循环流化床锅炉循环灰、循环流化床锅炉静电除尘器烟气流经的第一至第三室分离下来的灰和旋风分离器下部排料口排出的物料中的一种或几种的混合物为担载体，经过水合、担载后用真空过滤器过滤制得； 2)从循环流化床反应器顶部出来的烟气携带固体颗粒进入旋风分离器，大部分颗粒被分离收集，其中一部分经回料口重新送入循环流化床反应器内继续参与反应，另一部分由排料口排出并重新作为担载体用于快速水合脱硫剂的制备； 3)从旋风分离器出来的烟气携带颗粒物进入干湿组合式静电除尘器除尘，脱除其中的颗粒物，烟气经引风机进入烟®排放； 4)烟气净化过程中补充的水分首先进入干湿组合式静电除尘器中的湿式静电除尘器，除尘后含有颗粒物的浆液排入沉淀池； 5)沉淀池内的上清液分为三部分使用:其中一部分上清液经除尘循环水泵与补充的水重新送入湿式静电除尘器；另一部分上清液送入快速水合脱硫剂制备的搅拌池中，搅拌池内浆液经真空过滤器过滤，过滤后的水经制料循环水泵重新送入沉淀池；第三部分上清液经活化喷水泵供给循环流化床反应器喷水活化脱硫剂使用，蒸发后与烟气混合。
2.实现如权利要求1所述方法的一种常温半干式烟气净化系统，其特征在于:所述系统包括循环流化床反应器(3)、螺旋给料器(5)、旋风分离器(7)、干湿组合式静电除尘器、沉淀池(13)、搅拌池(17)和真空过滤器(19);所述的干湿组合式静电除尘器由干式静电除尘器(10)和湿式静电除尘器(12)组成；烟气依次经过循环流化床反应器(3)、旋风分离器(7)、干式静电除尘器(10)和湿式静电除尘器(12)后，通过引风机(24)送入烟囱(25);湿式静电除尘器(12)的排水口与沉淀池(13)连接，沉淀池(13)上设有三个上清液使用出口，其中一个上清液使用出口通过管道与湿式静电除尘器喷水口(15)相连，在该管道上安装有调节阀和除尘循环水泵(14);沉淀池的第二个上清液使用出口通过管道与循环流化床反应器喷水口(6)相连，在该管道上安装有活化喷水泵(22)和调节阀门；沉淀池的第三个上清液使用出口与脱硫剂制备装置的搅拌池(17)相连，在该管道上亦安装有调节阀；所述的搅拌池(17 )出口连接真空过滤器(19 )，真空过滤器(19 )的排水口通过管道与沉淀池(13 )相连，在该管道上安装有调节阀和制料循环水泵(21)。
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| CN101077470A (zh) * | 2007-06-29 | 2007-11-28 | 山东大学 | 一种适用于循环流化床半干法烟气脱硫的复合增湿工艺 |
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