CN101994605A - 使用用于egr的补充压缩机的系统 - Google Patents

使用用于egr的补充压缩机的系统 Download PDF

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CN101994605A
CN101994605A CN201010249816XA CN201010249816A CN101994605A CN 101994605 A CN101994605 A CN 101994605A CN 201010249816X A CN201010249816X A CN 201010249816XA CN 201010249816 A CN201010249816 A CN 201010249816A CN 101994605 A CN101994605 A CN 101994605A
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L·C·卡塔尼
M·R·齐尔克
B·Y·梅列姆
P·高特莫拉
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/005Exhaust driven pumps being combined with an exhaust driven auxiliary apparatus, e.g. a ventilator
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N5/04Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using kinetic energy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/07Mixed pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is either taken out upstream of the turbine and reintroduced upstream of the compressor, or is taken out downstream of the turbine and reintroduced downstream of the compressor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/14Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
    • F02M26/16Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system with EGR valves located at or near the connection to the exhaust system
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/23Layout, e.g. schematics
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/34Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with compressors, turbines or the like in the recirculation passage
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/51EGR valves combined with other devices, e.g. with intake valves or compressors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/10Air intakes; Induction systems
    • F02M35/10209Fluid connections to the air intake system; their arrangement of pipes, valves or the like
    • F02M35/10222Exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]; Positive crankcase ventilation [PCV]; Additional air admission, lubricant or fuel vapour admission
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B29/00Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
    • F02B29/04Cooling of air intake supply
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    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/10Air intakes; Induction systems
    • F02M35/104Intake manifolds
    • F02M35/116Intake manifolds for engines with cylinders in V-arrangement or arranged oppositely relative to the main shaft
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

一种用于驱动用于发动机的EGR流的系统,所述系统包括排气气体涡轮机、主压缩机和补充EGR压缩机。涡轮机驱动主压缩机以对进气空气加压并驱动补充EGR压缩机来对待引入进气空气系统内的EGR排气气体流加压。补充EGR压缩机从涡轮机下游抽取排气气体。三通阀使发动机排气气体排放管道与补充EGR压缩机的抽气之间的排气气体成比例。该涡轮机驱动轴,且主压缩机和补充EGR压缩机由固定到公共轴上的相应压缩机轮驱动。

Description

使用用于EGR的补充压缩机的系统
技术领域
本发明涉及内燃机,具体来说具有排气气体再循环的卡车柴油发动机。
发明背景
柴油发动机是用于目前在北美制造的很多卡车的动力装置。
通常,柴油发动机装备有单级或两级涡轮增压器。在涡轮增压器的一个例子中,两级涡轮增压机包括排气系统中串流关系的高压和低压涡轮机,该排气系统运行进气系统中串流关系的高压和低压压缩机来进行增压。单级涡轮增压器仅具有单个涡轮和单个压缩机。
柴油发动机的燃烧必须得到精确控制使排放最少。决定排放水平的因素中,有燃烧过程中过量氧气的存在。排气气体再循环(EGR)是将发动机的排气的一部分再循环回到发动机气缸的过程,且已经用于降低峰值燃烧温度、降低过量氧含量并降低NOx排放。
日益严格的排放规范要求增加EGR流量(flow rate)来避免使用昂贵的后处理技术。
美国公开专利申请2008/0078176和美国专利6,973,786描述了用于涡轮增压柴油发动机的发动机控制系统。这些文献描述了用于控制涡轮增压器和EGR阀的策略。
有不同的已知方法来“驱动”EGR,即确保保持相对于进入进气岐管的新鲜空气流量的足够的EGR流量。因为必须通过EGR冷却器和管道来驱动EGR气体流量,所以给定排气岐管内的可用压力,降压会降低EGR气体的最大流量。单独或组合使用的某些方法有:
a.使用空气进气节流阀,使用节流阀来限制进气空气可用于驱动EGR,但是,要以较高的燃料消耗为代价。
b.使用冷侧EGR阀(即,气动、液压、电气)或诸如簧片阀的止回阀。用在EGR气体出口端口的这些类型的阀使EGR气体流入EGR/空气混合器并防止给气升压(当高于EGR压力时)使EGR流动反向。
c.使用脉动排气岐管。排气气体压力以正弦曲线形式变化(具有峰值的脉冲和出口)。当排气气体压力处于脉冲峰值(最高值)时,其用于克服给气升压,因此形成新鲜给气与EGR气体的混合物。为了能够使用每个缸体的脉冲,排气岐管设计成允许排气流道与同相压力波关联。通常称为“分岐管”的该类型设计与分EGR热侧管(从排气岐管到EGR)结合使用,将EGR冷却器核心内的管束分开并将EGR冷管(从EGR到EGR/空气混合器)分开。
本发明人认识到需要提供一种制造成本低且运行有效且可靠的EGR驱动系统。
发明内容
本发明的示例实施例提供一种为发动机提供EGR流的系统、装置和方法。具体来说,从发动机排气向发动机空气进口驱动EGR气体流量的方法包括以下步骤:
将涡轮增压器布置在发动机上,所述涡轮增压器具有机械驱动主压缩机的排气气体涡轮机;
将第一排气气体流量引导到气体涡轮机来驱动排气气体涡轮机,该排气气体涡轮机驱动主压缩机;
使用主压缩机,压缩空气并将压缩空气引导到发动机空气进口;
布置待由气体涡轮机驱动的补充压缩机;
引导第二排气气体流量进入补充压缩机,压缩第二排气气体流量;
引导压缩的第二排气气体流量进入发动机空气进口。
根据该方法的一方面,第一排气气体流量可以是第二排气气体流量和第三排气气体流量之和,其中第三排气气体流量通过排气气体排放口排出。
该方法还可包括控制第二与第三流量的比例的步骤。
该方法还可提供选择性地关闭补充压缩机到排出气体流动的步骤。
本发明的示例性实施例提供一种用于发动机的EGR系统和/或涡轮增压器系统,该发动机具有进气空气岐管、排气岐管,排气岐管将排气气体引导到涡轮增压器,且涡轮增压器将压缩空气引导到进气空气岐管。
该系统包括排气气体涡轮机,该排气气体涡轮机具有涡轮机壳体和涡轮机壳体内固定地安装到轴上的涡轮机轮,该涡轮机壳体具有与排气气体岐管流体连通的进口和与排气气体排放管道流体连通的出口。
该系统包括主进口空气压缩机,该主进气空气压缩机具有主压缩机壳体和在主压缩机内固定地安装在轴上的主压缩机轮,该主压缩机壳体具有与进口空气流体连通的入口和与进气空气岐管流体连通的出口。
该系统包括补充压缩机,该补充压缩机具有补充压缩机壳体和在补充压缩机内固定地安装在轴上的补充压缩机轮,该补充压缩机壳体具有与排气气体岐管流体连通的入口和与进气空气岐管流体连通的出口。
涡轮机轮构造成由流过涡轮机壳体的排气气体转动。涡轮机轮的转动使轴转动,并由此使主压缩机轮和补充压缩机轮转动。主压缩机轮的转动压缩进气空气并将压缩的进气空气输送到进口空气岐管。补充压缩机轮的转动压缩排气气体并将压缩的排气气体输送到进气空气岐管。
涡轮机轮可在主压缩机轮与补充压缩机轮之间沿轴布置。
该系统可包括流体连通在排气气体涡轮机壳体出口与补充压缩机壳体入口之间的阀。该阀可以是可控制成使由补充压缩机压缩的排气气体流量与排气气体排放管道的排气气体流量成比例。
该系统可包括用于至少部分关闭补充压缩机壳体出口到排气气体流动的节流阀。补充压缩机轮可以是离心式压缩机轮,且节流阀可以是可移动以选择性地覆盖或露出离心式压缩机轮的叶片之间的出口的圆柱形套筒。
该系统可包括EGR冷却器,该EGR冷却器布置成流体连通在补充压缩机壳体出口与进气空气岐管之间。该系统可包括EGR/空气混合气,该EGR/空气混合气布置成流体连通在EGR冷却器与与进气空气岐管之间。
本发明的多个其它优点和特征会从本发明的以下详细说明书和其实施例、从权利要求书以及附图中显现出来。
附图说明
图1是包括补充EGR压缩机的发动机系统的总体示意图;以及
图2是布置在补充EGR压缩机上另一节流阀的放大示意图。
具体实施方式
尽管本发明能够具有多种形式的实施例,附图中示出并在此详细描述了其具体实施例,但应理解认为本公开是本发明原理的示例且并不意图将本发明限于所说明的具体实施例。
下文描述了增加从涡轮增压柴油发动机的排气系统进入EGR冷却器的排气气体流的装置和方法。柴油发动机可具有进口节流装置,并可另外地具有一个或多个涡轮增压器。
图1中示出典型的柴油发动机100。发动机100具有曲轴箱101,该曲轴箱101包括曲轴箱101内的多个缸体,曲轴箱101流体连接到进气系统103和排气系统105。涡轮增压器107包括涡轮机109,该涡轮机109具有连接到排气系统105的涡轮机入口113并驱动连接到进气系统103的主进气空气压缩机111。涡轮机109包括涡轮机壳体109a和壳体109a内固定地安装到轴110的涡轮机轮109b。主压缩机111包括主压缩机壳体111a和壳体内固定地安装到轴110的主压缩机轮。空气清洁器115连接到主压缩机111的入口。主压缩机111的出口117通过热空气通道123连接到给气冷却器121的入口119。给气冷却器121的出口125通过冷空气通道129连接到进气节流阀127。
补充EGR压缩机130包括补充压缩机壳体130a和壳体130a内也固定地安装到轴110的补充压缩机轮。补充EGR压缩机包括入口132和出口133。出口133流体连接到EGR节流阀134。阀134通过第一管道138流体连接到EGR冷却器136。整个该申请中的术语“管道”应理解为包括管、管子、通道或用于引导诸如气体或液体之类流体的任何类型的渠道。术语“轴”也包含联接或附连在一起的各单独轴件组成的组件。EGR冷却器136通过第二管道139流体连接到EGR/进气空气混合器137。在美国专利7,028,680和7,032,578中描述了这些混合器,该两专利以参见的方式纳入本文。混合器137的出口142连接到进气系统或进口岐管103。
补充EGR压缩机130的入口132连接到入口管道150,入口管道150连接到三通阀154的出口154a。阀154具有通过涡轮机出口管道158连接到涡轮机出口190c的入口154b。轴110密封地穿过管道150、158的壁。
在发动机正常运行期间,冷却后的压缩进气空气通过阀127进入混合器137。根据三通阀154的位置,通过管道150将EGR排气气体吸入补充EGR压缩机130的入口132。补充压缩机节流阀134会打开,且EGR气体会穿过第一管道138、冷却器136、第二管道139并进入混合器137。冷却过的压缩进气空气与EGR排气气体在混合器137内混合。排气气体和空气的混合物从出口142排出混合器137并进入进气系统103。
当发动机100在空转状态或空转状态附近运行时,即发动机速度较低且在发动机上几乎没有或完全没有扭矩负载时,进气节流阀127可几乎完全关闭,同时节流阀134可打开以使排气气体从补充压缩机130流过EGR冷却器136、并进入混合器137。流出混合器137的空气和排气气体的混合物必须足以保持发动机100的稳定空转发动机速度。
当发动机100在空转状态以上运行时,进气节流阀127可能打开大致5%或大于5%。排出给气冷却器121的冷却进气空气进入混合器137并与来自补充压缩机130的排气气体混合。空气和排气气体的混合物排出混合器137并进入发动机100的进气系统103。
阀134在需要EGR流动时打开,并在不需要EGR流动时关闭,以在EGR流量较低时保护涡轮免受冲击/堵塞。
该三通阀154定位成按运行条件选择所需的EGR气体量。将穿过阀154的其余排气气体引导到排气排放管道166内。通常在释放到大气之前对该气体进行处理。
图2示出用在替代补充压缩机130’上的替代实施例节流阀134’。除了位于出口133内的节流阀,节流套管170可布置在替代补充压缩机130’的壳体130a内。圆柱形环形式的节流套管170通过致动器174可定位成使离心式压缩机轮130b的叶片之间的流动通道阻塞或露出不同程度。在该方面,致动器沿轴110的轴向移动套管。该致动器可以是气动致动器、诸如电磁致动器或其它类型致动器的电致动器。
节流阀170在需要EGR流动时打开,并在不需要EGR流时关闭,以在EGR流量较低时保护涡轮免受冲击/堵塞。
系统控制器200接受阀127、134、或134’和154的阀位置的反馈。各阀的控制策略可在发动机控制系统的一个或多个处理器内作为处理数据的算法来实施,诸如美国公开申请2008/0078176所描述的那样,该申请以参见的方式纳入本文。涡轮增压器和/或基本EGR控制策略可替代的为如美国专利7,353,648、6,973,382或6,401,700所述,这些专利以参见的方式纳入本文。
从上文中,会发现可实现多种变型和改型而不偏离本发明的精神和范围。应当理解,并不意味着或不应推断出对本文所述的具体装置有任何限制。

Claims (17)

1.一种从发动机排气向发动机空气进口驱动EGR气体流量的方法,包括以下步骤:
将涡轮增压器布置在发动机上,所述涡轮增压器具有机械驱动主压缩机的排气气体涡轮机;
将第一排气气体流量引导到所述气体涡轮机以驱动所述排气气体涡轮机,所述排气气体涡轮机驱动所述主压缩机;
使用所述主压缩机,压缩空气并将压缩的空气引入发动机空气进口;
将补充压缩机布置成由所述气体涡轮机驱动;
将第二排气气体流量引导到所述补充压缩机,压缩所述第二排气气体流量;
将压缩的第二排气气体流量引导到所述发动机空气进口内。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一排气气体流量是所述第二排气气体流量与第三排气气体流量的总和,其中所述第三过量气体流量通过所述排气气体排放口排放。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:
控制所述第二流量与所述第三流量的比例。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括选择性地关闭所述补充压缩机到排气气体的流动。
5.一种用于发动机的EGR系统,所述发动机具有进气空气岐管、排气岐管、具有排气气体涡轮机的涡轮增压器,所述排气气体涡轮机驱动进气空气压缩机,所述排气气体岐管将排气气体引导到所述排气气体涡轮机内,且所述进气空气压缩机将压缩空气引导到所述进气空气岐管内,所述EGR系统包括:
补充压缩机,所述补充压缩机机械连接到所述排气气体涡轮机以由所述排气气体涡轮机驱动,所述补充压缩机具有用于接纳从所述排气气体岐管引导的所述排气气体流量的一部分的补充压缩机入口,所述补充压缩机压缩所述排气气体流量的所述部分;以及
所述补充压缩机具有与所述进气空气岐管流体连通的补充压缩机出口。
6.如权利要求5所述的ERG系统,其特征在于,还包括布置成在所述补充压缩机出口与所述进气空气岐管之间流体连通的EGR冷却器。
7.如权利要求6所述的ERG系统,其特征在于,还包括布置成在所述EGR冷却器与所述进气空气岐管之间流体连通的EGR/空气混合器。
8.如权利要求5所述的EGR系统,其特征在于,还包括在所述排气气体涡轮机与所述补充压缩机之间流体连通的阀,所述阀可控制成选择所述排气气体流量的所述部分的量。
9.如权利要求5所述的EGR系统,其特征在于,还包括至少部分地关闭所述补充压缩机到排气气体的节流阀。
10.如权利要求9所述的EGR系统,其特征在于,所述压缩机包括离心式压缩机轮,且所述节流阀包括圆柱形套筒,所述圆柱形套筒可移动以选择性地覆盖或露出所述离心式压缩机轮的叶片之间的出口。
11.一种用于发动机的涡轮增压器系统,所述发动机具有进气空气岐管、排气岐管、所述排气气体岐管将排气气体引导到所述涡轮增压器内,且所述涡轮增压器将压缩空气引导到所述进气空气岐管内,所述系统包括:
排气气体涡轮机,所述排气气体涡轮机具有涡轮机壳体和所述涡轮机壳体内固定地安装到轴上的涡轮机轮,所述涡轮机壳体具有与所述排气气体岐管流体连通的入口和与排气气体排放管道流体连通的出口;
主进气空气压缩机,所述主进气空气压缩机具有主压缩机壳体和在所述主压缩机壳体内固定地安装到所述轴上的主压缩机轮,所述主压缩机壳体具有与进气空气流体连通的入口和与所述进气空气岐管流体连通的出口;以及
补充压缩机,所述补充压缩机具有补充压缩机壳体和在所述补充压缩机壳体内固定地安装在所述轴上的补充压缩机轮,所述补充压缩机壳体具有与所述排气气体岐管流体连通的入口和与所述进气空气岐管流体连通的出口;
所述涡轮机轮构造成由流过所述涡轮机壳体的排气气体转动,所述涡轮机轮的转动使所述轴转动并由此使所述主压缩机轮和所述补充压缩机轮转动,所述主压缩机轮的转动压缩进气空气并将压缩的进气空气输送到所述进气空气岐管,所述补充压缩机轮的转动压缩排气气体并将压缩的排气气体输送到所述进气空气岐管。
12.如权利要求11所述的涡轮增压器系统,其特征在于,所述涡轮机轮在所述主压缩机轮与所述补充压缩机轮之间沿所述轴布置。
13.如权利要求11所述的涡轮增压器系统,其特征在于,还包括:
流体连通在所述排气气体涡轮机壳体出口与所述补充压缩机壳体入口之间的阀,所述阀可控制成使由所述补充压缩机压缩的排气气体流量与排气气体到所述排气气体排放管道的气体流量成比例。
14.如权利要求11所述的涡轮增压器系统,其特征在于,还包括至少部分地关闭所述补充压缩机壳体出口到排气气体流动的节流阀。
15.如权利要求14所述的涡轮增压器系统,其特征在于,所述补充轮包括离心式压缩机轮,且所述节流阀包括圆柱形套筒,所述圆柱形套筒可移动以选择性地覆盖或露出所述离心式压缩机轮的叶片之间的出口。
16.如权利要求11所述的涡轮增压器系统,其特征在于,还包括布置成在所述补充压缩机壳体出口与所述进气空气岐管之间流体连通的EGR冷却器。
17.如权利要求15所述的涡轮增压器系统,其特征在于,还包括布置成在所述EGR冷却器与所述进气空气岐管之间流体连通的EGR/空气混合器。
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