CN1019922C - 电气双层电容器 - Google Patents

电气双层电容器 Download PDF

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CN1019922C
CN1019922C CN90107098A CN90107098A CN1019922C CN 1019922 C CN1019922 C CN 1019922C CN 90107098 A CN90107098 A CN 90107098A CN 90107098 A CN90107098 A CN 90107098A CN 1019922 C CN1019922 C CN 1019922C
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layer capacitor
polarizing electrode
collector body
double layer
electric double
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CN1049744A (zh
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仓林研
土屋善信
吉田彰夫
小泉均
仁井田赖明
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Isuzu Motors Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G4/30—Stacked capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
    • H01G11/28—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/54—Electrolytes
    • H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/66—Current collectors
    • H01G11/70—Current collectors characterised by their structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/66—Current collectors
    • H01G11/72—Current collectors specially adapted for integration in multiple or stacked hybrid or EDL capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种电气双层电容器，它包括集电体、极化电极、密封垫圈和多孔质隔板。所述集电体与极化电极烧成一个整体，多孔质隔板将两个这样的整体隔开，密封垫圈套在极化电极部分上，将极化电极部分封住，从而组成一个电容器。这样，极化电极与集电体之间的接触电阻可以做得很小，进而使整个电气双层电容器的内阻很小，并且元件的制造也变得容易。

Description

本发明涉及内阻小的电气双层电容器。
图4示出第一种已有的电气双层电容器。图4中，1和2是集电体，3和4是密封垫圈，5是隔板，6和7是糊状极化电极。
集电体1、2用导电的橡胶簿板做成，密封垫圈3、4用绝缘的橡胶做成。糊状极化电极6、7是通过将活性碳粉末浸在稀硫酸中而做成的糊状物质。隔板5用多孔塑料薄片做成，该塑料薄片允许离子通过，但不允许活性碳粉末通过。
为了使活性碳粒之间、集电体1与糊状极化电极6之间、以及集电体2与糊状极化电极7之间的接触良好，而从集电体1、2的上面加压力（1-100kg/cm）。为了不致因为这个压力而毁坏电容器，集电体1、2及密封垫圈3、4的材料采用有弹性的物质。
为了把这种电气双层电容器的容量做大，故增大组成极化电极的活性碳的表面系数（通常为1000-2000m/g），以加大填充时的体积密度。
另一方面，极化电极在糊状状态下较难处理，已有人提出了通过烧结做成固体板状的极化电极（例如，特开昭62-292612号公报）。如果做成固体板状，则由于体积密度提高，容量将增大的同时，活性碳粒子之间的接触密切，具有接触电阻减小的优点。
在上述第1已有例中，通过在集电体1、2之外施加压力，减小集电体1与糊状极化电极6之间的接触电阻和集电体2与糊状极化电极7之间的接触电阻。但是，单靠施加压力，即使能够减小接触电阻，也是有限的。因为，为了进一步减小接触电阻，如下文所述，存 在有将集电体与极化电极做成一体的电容器。
图5示出第2种已有的电气双层电容器。它记载在欧洲专利公报EP-A1-0112923中。在图5中，12、22是集电体，62、72是极化电极，5是隔板。
极化电极62、72是用碳纤维或活性碳纤维做成的布或纸。通过在极化电极62、72的表面喷镀或涂覆金属，将集电体12、22与极化电极62、72做成一体。通过将它们做成一体，能够使集电体12与极化电极62之间的电阻及集电体22与极化电极72之间的电阻极小。
但是，在上述将集电体与极化电极做成一体的电气双层电容器中，由于使用了金属作为集电体材料，因而存在着不能使用强酸或强碱作为电解液的问题。
为了减小电气双层电容器的内阻，希望采用导电率大的强酸（例如，硫酸）、强碱（例如，氢氧化钾）。但是，金属会在短时间内被强酸或强碱所腐蚀。
因此，在采用金属作为集电体的电气双层电容器中，不能用强酸或强碱作为电解液。所以，无法进一步减小内阻。
本发明以解决上述问题为目的。
为了解决上述问题，本发明的电气双层电容器为了既不丧失固体板状极化电极的优点，内部电阻又做得小，采用如下手段。
亦即，在集电体与极化电极化电极形成一个整体的电气双层电容器中，将以活性磁粉末作为材料的集电体烧结在固体极化电极上而形成一个整体。
将极化电极烧结在通过将导电粉末烧结成板状而得到的集电体上，形成一个整体，集电体与极化电极之间的接触电阻变得极小。另外，因为可以采用导电率大的强酸或强碱，所以，电气双层电容器的内阻可以做得更小。
下面，根据附图详细说明本发明的实施例。
图1示出本发明的实施例的电气双层电容器，图2示出烧结成的集电体，图3示出将集电体与极化电极烧结成一体后的组合烧结体。图4示出第1种已有的电气双层电容器。图5示出第2种已有的电气双层电容器。
图中，1和2是集电体，3和4是密封垫圈，5是隔板，6和7是糊状极化电极，11和21是集电体，61、71是固体极化电极，8是组合烧结体。
在本发明中，将集电体与极化电极做成一个整体，因而，两者之间的接触电阻小。
首先，如图2所示，将活性碳粉末与碳黑粉末等导电粉末加压烧结，使之高密度化，形成板状集电体11（21）。
接着，在该板状集电体11（21）的一个表面上，烧结在稀硫酸等电解液中浸过的活性碳粉末，使之附着，形成固体极化电极61（71）整体，构成图3所示的组合烧结体8。作为这种情况下具体的烧结方法，举例如下。将活性碳置于集电体11（21）上，并加压，在这种状态下，利用等离子熔接等方法，使粒子表面熔化结合。从而烧结起来。这样做的话，活性碳在保持多孔性质的情况下烧结起来。然后，将固体极化电极61（71）浸入稀硫酸等电解液中。
另外，为了使固体极化电极61（71）在集电体11（21）上的附着良好，根据需要，也可以将集电体11（21）的附着面做成凹凸状（在图1至图3中，示出了有凹凸的情形）。
将上面那样制成的组合烧结体8用隔板5隔开设置，同时，周围用密封垫圈3、4绝缘地护住，构成电气双层电容器。
在这样的电气双层电容器中，因为集电体的材料是活性碳粉末，所以，可以采用导电率大的强酸或强碱作为电解液。藉此，电气双层电容器的内阻变得更小。
另外，因为集电体与固体极化电极形成一个整体，所以，两者 的接触部分的电阻变得极小。同时，因为两个部分固化成一个整体，在制造作业等时侯的处理也变得方便了（在处理性上优化了）。另外，因为极化电极采用了固体极化电极，所以，极化电极内的活性碳之间的接触电阻小。
根据上面描述的本发明，集电体与极化电极通过烧结，做成一个固体整体，同时，利用活性碳粉末作为集电体的材料，因此，具有以下效果。
集电体与极化电极之间的接触电阻能够做小，进而，能够将电气双层电容器的内部电阻做小。
因为没有糊状的部分，在制造作业等时侯，部件的处理也变得容易了。
因为采用活性碳粉末作为集电体的材料，所以能够用导电率大的强酸或强碱作为电解液，电气双层电容器的内阻能够做得更小。

Claims (1)

1、一种电气双层电容器，其集电体与极化电极形成一个整体，其特征在于，通过将以活性碳粉末为材料的集电体烧结在固体的极化电极上而形成一个整体。
CN90107098A 1989-08-23 1990-08-17 电气双层电容器 Expired - Fee Related CN1019922C (zh)

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JP216967/89 1989-08-23
JP1216967A JPH0748453B2 (ja) 1989-08-23 1989-08-23 電気二重層コンデンサ

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US (1) US5072335A (zh)
EP (1) EP0413994B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH0748453B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR960003199B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1019922C (zh)
CA (1) CA2023757C (zh)
DE (1) DE69015506T2 (zh)

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EP0413994B1 (en) 1994-12-28
US5072335A (en) 1991-12-10
CA2023757C (en) 1995-10-24
JPH0748453B2 (ja) 1995-05-24
KR960003199B1 (ko) 1996-03-06
EP0413994A3 (en) 1991-07-10
DE69015506T2 (de) 1995-08-10
JPH0380517A (ja) 1991-04-05
KR910005344A (ko) 1991-03-30
CA2023757A1 (en) 1991-02-24
CN1049744A (zh) 1991-03-06
DE69015506D1 (de) 1995-02-09
EP0413994A2 (en) 1991-02-27

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