CN101990850B - Method for culturing and transplanting Scylla fries stage by stage - Google Patents
Method for culturing and transplanting Scylla fries stage by stage Download PDFInfo
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- CN101990850B CN101990850B CN2009101124000A CN200910112400A CN101990850B CN 101990850 B CN101990850 B CN 101990850B CN 2009101124000 A CN2009101124000 A CN 2009101124000A CN 200910112400 A CN200910112400 A CN 200910112400A CN 101990850 B CN101990850 B CN 101990850B
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for culturing and transplanting Scylla fries stage by stage, which relates to a Scylla culture method. The method comprises the following steps of: culturing zoeae in a culture pond for culturing for 12 to 18 days, and transferring the zoeae into a megalop culture pond with the area of 100 to 300 square meters for further culture; culturing live foods such as algae, fairy shrimps, copepods and the like in the megalop culture pond; transferring the fries at the last day of the fifth stage of the zoeae or at the first day of megalop, wherein the culture density of the megalop is controlled to be 1,000 to 2,000 fries per cubic meter; or culturing the zoeae at the fifth stage for 4 to 8 days, wherein the culture density is 2,000 to 4,000 fries per cubic meter; the water temperature of the megalop culture pond is between 24 and 32 DEG C; and the salinity is 1.5 to 2.6 percent; and transferring the megalop into a young Scylla culture pond, wherein the area of the young Scylla culture pond is 0.5 to 3 mu; the water temperature is between 26 and 33 DEG C; and the salinity is 1.0 to 2.0 percent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the blue crab cultivation method, especially relate to the breeding graded of a kind of mud crab seedlings and the method for transplanting seedlings.
Background technology
Mud crab (Scylla spp.) is the sea crabs class of coastal areas of southern China each province tradition cultivation, has been listed in one of main development kind in current agricultural structure adjustment.For a long time, the seed of blue crab cultivation derives from natural sea area, is limited by natural conditions, and quantity is difficult to ensure.The healthy seedling of capacity is provided, has become the key factor of blue crab cultivation industry sustainable development.The mud crab artificial breeding technique succeeds in recent years, has reached gradually the level of industrialization.
Crab class seed rearing comprises zoea, megalops larva and 3 stages in stage of young crab.River crab is cultivated megalops larva just can sell juvenile crab.The zoea of swimming crab only has the fourth phase, megalops larva and young crab stage kill each other not as mud crab serious.The artificial breeding of river crab and swimming crab is cultivated megalops larva and young crab stage from zoea at present, can carry out high density and cultivate and obtain high yield in former pond.
Mud crab seedlings is cultivated and is comprised zoea (the 1st～5 phase), these 3 stages of megalops larva and young crab.This 3 the stage young nutritional need, behavior habit, ecologic adaptation different.Zoea is sought the life of swimming, and does not have internecine habit, can high density cultivate; The swimming life of megalops larva battalion has cluster and internecine habit; The life of dwelling at the end of young crab battalion is imbedded in the silt and lives, and it is very serious to kill each other during the shelling.The raiser only puts young crab in a suitable place to breed at present, and not yet accepting megalops larva is juvenile crab, therefore must improve artificial breeding technique for the Biological characteristics of blue crab megalops and young crab, improves weed survival rate.
Publication number provides a kind of blue crab fried desalting breeding method for the application for a patent for invention of CN1961658, throws in veil in cultivating the pond, and megalops larva breeding density is 2000～5000 tails/m
2, the feed of throwing something and feeding is thrown something and fed 2 times every day at least, whole cultivating process continuous charge; The initial salinity of Chi Shui is 22～26, and juvenile crab desalination is changed water every day and added fresh water at least 1 time from the beginning in the 2nd day of megalops larva, and the desalination time is 7～15 days, and through progressively desalinating, the pond salinity water is minimum to drop to 4～12.Set up the blue crab fried desalting breeding pattern, desalination cultivation the 1st～3 phase out, young crab survival rate reached more than 60%, the Low-salinity juvenile crab that cultivates (young crab of the 1st～3 phase) can adapt to the less salt life of salinity 5～12, and is significant for the blue crab cultivation industrialized development.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide the breeding graded of a kind of mud crab seedlings and the method for transplanting seedlings.
The present invention includes following steps:
1) cultivation in zoea stage: zoea is placed on to cultivate in the pond cultivates, 23～29 ℃ of water temperatures, cultivated after 12～18 days salinity 24 ‰～31 ‰, the young is transferred to megalops larva cultivation pond further cultivate;
2) megalops larva is cultivated the preparation in pond: the area that megalops larva is cultivated the pond is 100～300m
2, in megalops larva cultivation pond, cultivate the biological feeds such as algae, fairy shrimp, copepoda;
3) select last day of fifth phase zoea, or the first day of megalops larva is transplanted seedlings;
4) cultivation in megalops larva stage: control megalops larva breeding density is 1000～2000/m
3Or put fifth phase zoea in a suitable place to breed, breeding density is 2000～4000/m
3, this stage throw something and feed fairy shrimp, copepoda and fish rotten, the quantity of throwing something and feeding is 1～2 times of megalops larva body weight, the water temperature that megalops larva is cultivated the pond is 24～32 ℃, salinity is 15 ‰～26 ‰, through 4～8 days, megalops larva is transferred to young crab cultivation pond further cultivate;
5) cultivation in young crab stage: the area that young crab is cultivated the pond is 0.5～3 mu, and water temperature is 26～33 ℃, and salinity is 10 ‰～20 ‰, young crab cultivating process, and in time harvesting is sold juvenile crab, to improve survival rate and to increase economic benefit.
In step 1) in, the volume in described cultivation pond is preferably 15～30m
3, the cloth seedling density of described cultivation is preferably 15～250,000/m
3, the bait of described cultivation preferably the bait of first and second phase zoea take wheel animalcule as main, a small amount of mixed bait of throwing something and feeding simultaneously, the third phase to fifth phase zoea bait is take the nauplius of fairy shrimp as main.
In step 2) in, described megalops larva is cultivated the water temperature difference in pond and zoea cultivation pond preferably less than 3 ℃, and it is poor preferably less than 3 ‰ that megalops larva is cultivated the salinity in pond and zoea cultivation pond.
In step 3) in, described operation sequence of transplanting seedlings is:
(1) transplant seedlings before, former pool water level is 1.2～1.5m, adopt 60～80 orders to change the network of rivers, drainage enters 200 purpose collection seedling net cages from changing in the network of rivers fast with the siphon pipe of 1～1.5 cun of 3～4 diameter, collection seedling net cage places in the Buffer Pool that is full of seawater, siphon drainage to 60～70cm water level, this in stage the mud crab young can not leach, only leach bait, will collect bait band water in the seedling net cage with 300 order dredgers and pull out and transfer to megalops larva and cultivate the pond;
(2) remove and change the network of rivers, to the 30cm water level, bait and a small amount of young by siphon out will collects bait in the seedling net cage and the young with 300 order dredgers and be with water to pull out to transfer to megalops larva cultivation pond with the direct drainage of siphon pipe of 1～1.5 cun of 2～4 diameter;
When (3) former cultivation pond was to the 30cm water level, the young light that becomes was assembled in groups, seedling is transferred to megalops larva cultivate the pond;
(4) after the completing steps (3), pull out the intubate of nursery pond, directly discharge the young and enter 200 purpose collection seedling net cages, this stage, a large amount of young went out the pond, will collects bait in the seedling net cage and the young with 300 order dredgers and be with water to pull out to transfer to megalops larva cultivation pond;
(5) go out the young at the bottom of the pond with seawater is light and slow, separate the young and foul with the flat dredger of 40～60 orders, the young is moved into megalops larva cultivate the pond.
In step 4) in, described megalops larva is cultivated the best linked network sheet in pond, to increase the megalops larva bond area.
In step 5) in, young crab cultivation of the first phase of the cultivation in described young crab stage density is preferably 100～200/m
2, or put megalops larva in a suitable place to breed, the density of putting megalops larva in a suitable place to breed is preferably 100～800/m
2, rotten and mixed bait is as main take fish for the bait in young crab stage, and described megalops larva is preferably the megalops larva of age in days more than the 4th day.
Practice shows that the mud crab zoea can high density be cultivated, but megalops larva and young crab are cultivated the necessary young density that reduces.Perching the space and throw in things concealed by providing larger, is to reduce the effective means that cannibalisation improves survival rate.With area 20m
2The cultivation pond be example, if do not reduce young density, 1,000,000 the 5th phase zoea is cultivated young crab, average only remaining 50,000, former pond cultivating survival rate is about 5%.Adopt the breeding graded of mud crab seedlings of the present invention and the method for transplanting seedlings, can successfully zoea and/or megalops larva be transferred to megalops larva cultivation pond, have the advantage of transplanting seedlings, transplant seedlings at a distance in whole pond.Use the present invention, the average survival of cultivating young crab from fifth phase zoea is about 40%, and weed survival rate is cultivated than former pond and improved 7 times, has reached the purpose of seed high and stable yields, has greatly increased the economic benefit of artificial breeding.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1. the cultivation in zoea stage.Zoea is cultivated the pond volume with 30m
3, cloth seedling density is 200,000/m
324～27 ℃ of water temperatures, salinity 26 ‰～31 ‰ bud into fifth phase zoea through cultivation in 16 days, and quantity is 1,000,000.
2. megalops larva is cultivated the preparation in pond.Megalops larva is cultivated Chi2Kou, and area is 120m
2, 27 ℃ of water temperatures, salinity 24 ‰.Cultivate algae and fairy shrimp nauplius as bait.
3. move the pond selection of time.The former pond paedomorphosis stage is in the last day of fifth phase zoea, and become megalops larva with molt metamorphosis next day.
4. move the pond operation sequence:
(1) transplant seedlings before, former pool water level is generally 1.5m.Adopt 80 orders to change the network of rivers, drainage enters 200 purpose collection seedling net cages from changing in the network of rivers fast with the siphon pipe of 1 cun of 3 diameter, and collection seedling net cage places in the Buffer Pool that is full of seawater.Drainage is to the 60cm water level.This, mud crab young can not leach in stage, only leached bait.To collect bait band water in the seedling net cage with 300 order dredgers pulls out and transfers to megalops larva and cultivate the pond.
(2) remove and change the network of rivers.With the direct drainage of siphon pipe of 1 cun of 3 diameter to the 30cm water level.This stage bait and the small part young are by siphon out.To collect bait in the seedling net cage and young band water with 300 order dredgers pulls out and transfers to megalops larva and cultivate the pond.
During (3) to the 30cm water level, the young assembles in groups, directly ladles out seedling with wooden dipper or pail, transfers to new cultivation pond.
(4) after the completing steps (3), the intubate of pulling out nursery pond is directly discharged the young and is entered 200 purpose collection seedling net cages.This stage, a large amount of young went out the pond.To collect bait in the seedling net cage and young band water with 300 order dredgers pulls out and transfers to megalops larva and cultivate the pond.
(5) go out the young at the bottom of the pond with seawater is light and slow, separate the young and foul with the flat dredger of 60 orders, the young is moved into megalops larva cultivate the pond.
5. the cultivation in megalops larva stage.Megalops larva is cultivated Chi2Kou, and area is 120m
2, moving into the fifth phase zoea density of cultivating the pond is 4000/m
324～28 ℃ of water temperatures, salinity 20 ‰～26 ‰.The linked network sheet is as the veil of megalops larva.The bait such as fairy shrimp, copepoda of throwing something and feeding were cultivated through 5 days, and wherein 400,000 megalops larvas are transferred to young crab and cultivate the pond and further cultivate, and all the other megalops larvas are cultivated in former pond.
6. the cultivation in young crab stage.The young crab of particular design is cultivated Chi2Kou, and area is 0.5 mu, and megalops larva breeding density is 600/m
326～30 ℃ of water temperatures, salinity 15 ‰～20 ‰, the juvenile prawn material of throwing something and feeding, fish gruel etc. through cultivation in 5 days, are cultivated 34.3 ten thousand of first phase son crabs.
Embodiment 2
1. the cultivation in zoea stage.Zoea is cultivated the pond volume with 15m
3, cloth seedling density is 250,000/m
325～27 ℃ of water temperatures, salinity 26 ‰～31 ‰ bud into fifth phase zoea through cultivation in 16 days, and quantity is 750,000, all transfers to megalops larva cultivation pond and further cultivates.
2. megalops larva is cultivated the preparation in pond.Megalops larva is cultivated Chi1Kou, area 300m
2, 28 ℃ of water temperatures, salinity 23 ‰.Cultivate algae and fairy shrimp nauplius.
3. move the pond selection of time.Former pond young minority is megalops larva, and majority is in the last day of fifth phase zoea.
4. move the pond operation sequence:
(1) transplant seedlings before, former pool water level is 1.3m.Adopt 80 orders to change the network of rivers, drainage enters 200 purpose collection seedling net cages from changing in the network of rivers fast with the siphon pipe of 1 cun of 4 diameter, and collection seedling net cage places in the Buffer Pool that is full of seawater.Drainage is to the 60cm water level.This, mud crab young can not leach in stage, only leached bait.To collect bait band water in the seedling net cage with 300 order dredgers pulls out and transfers to megalops larva and cultivate the pond.
(2) remove and change the network of rivers.With the direct drainage of siphon pipe of 1 cun of 3 diameter to the 30cm water level.This stage bait and the small part young are by siphon out.To collect bait in the seedling net cage and young band water with 300 order dredgers pulls out and transfers to megalops larva and cultivate the pond.
During (3) to the 30cm water level, the young assembles in groups, directly ladles out seedling with wooden dipper or pail, transfers to megalops larva and cultivates the pond.
(4) after the completing steps (3), the intubate of pulling out nursery pond is directly discharged the young and is entered 200 purpose collection seedling net cages.This stage, a large amount of young went out the pond.To collect bait in the seedling net cage and young band water with 300 order dredgers pulls out and transfers to megalops larva and cultivate the pond.
(5) go out the young at the bottom of the pond with seawater is light and slow, separate the young and foul with the flat dredger of 60 orders, the young is moved into megalops larva cultivate the pond.
5. the cultivation in megalops larva stage.Megalops larva is cultivated Chi1Kou, area 300m
2, moving into the fifth phase zoea density of cultivating the pond is 2500/m
324～28 ℃ of water temperatures, salinity 18 ‰～26 ‰.The linked network sheet is as the veil of megalops larva.The bait such as fairy shrimp, copepoda of throwing something and feeding are cultivated young crab 22.6 ten thousand of the first phase after 8 days, wherein 140,000 are transferred to young crab pond further cultivate.
6. the cultivation in young crab stage.Custom-designed young crab is cultivated Chi1Kou, and area is 1 mu, and young crab breeding density is 200/m
226～30 ℃ of water temperatures, salinity 12 ‰～20 ‰, the juvenile prawn material of throwing something and feeding, fish gruel etc. through cultivation in 6 days, are cultivated 12.1 ten thousand of third phase son crabs.
Embodiment 3
1. the cultivation in zoea stage.It is 20m that zoea is cultivated the pond volume
3, cloth seedling density is 150,000/m
325～27 ℃ of water temperatures, salinity 24 ‰～30 ‰ become megalops larva through cultivation in 18 days, and quantity is 400,000, all transfers to megalops larva cultivation pond and further cultivates.
2. megalops larva is cultivated the preparation in pond.Megalops larva is cultivated Chi1Kou, and area is 100m
2, 27 ℃ of water temperatures, salinity 24 ‰.Cultivate algae and fairy shrimp nauplius as bait.
3. the selection of time of transplanting seedlings.The former pond paedomorphosis stage is in the last day of fifth phase zoea, and become megalops larva with molt metamorphosis next day.
4. the operation sequence of transplanting seedlings.
(1) transplant seedlings before, former pool water level is generally 1.2m.Adopt 80 orders to change the network of rivers, drainage enters 200 purpose collection seedling net cages from changing in the network of rivers fast with the siphon pipe of 1 cun of 3 diameter, and collection seedling net cage places in the Buffer Pool that is full of seawater.Drainage is to the 60cm water level.This, mud crab young can not leach in stage, only leached bait.To collect bait band water in the seedling net cage with 300 order dredgers pulls out and transfers to megalops larva and cultivate the pond.
(2) remove and change the network of rivers.With the direct drainage of siphon pipe of 1 cun of 3 diameter to the 30cm water level.This stage bait and the small part young are by siphon out.To collect bait in the seedling net cage and young band water with 300 order dredgers pulls out and transfers to megalops larva and cultivate the pond.
During (3) to the 30cm water level, the young assembles in groups, directly ladles out seedling with wooden dipper or pail, transfers to megalops larva and cultivates the pond.
(4) after the completing steps (3), the intubate of pulling out nursery pond is directly discharged the young and is entered 200 purpose collection seedling net cages.This stage, a large amount of young went out the pond.To collect bait in the seedling net cage and young band water with 300 order dredgers pulls out and transfers to megalops larva and cultivate the pond.
(5) go out the young at the bottom of the pond with seawater is light and slow, separate the young and foul with the flat dredger of 60 orders, the young is moved into megalops larva cultivate the pond.
5. the cultivation in megalops larva stage.Megalops larva is cultivated Chi1Kou, area 300m
2, megalops larva breeding density is 2000/m
3The linked network sheet is as the veil of megalops larva.27～31 ℃ of water temperatures, salinity 15%～23 ‰ were cultivated young crab of 330,000 first phases in 5 days afterwards altogether, with 200,000 transferring to young crab pond and further cultivate wherein.
6. the cultivation in young crab stage.Young crab is cultivated Chi1Kou, and area is 3 mu, and the first phase, young crab breeding density was 100/m
226～32 ℃ of water temperatures, salinity 10 ‰～15 ‰ are through cultivating the 5th phase 8.7 ten thousand of young crabs in 13 days.
Claims (9)
1. the breeding graded and method of transplanting seedlings of mud crab seedlings is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) cultivation in zoea stage: zoea is placed on to cultivate in the pond cultivates, 23～29 ℃ of water temperatures, cultivated after 12～18 days salinity 24 ‰～31 ‰, the young is transferred to megalops larva cultivation pond further cultivate;
2) megalops larva is cultivated the preparation in pond: the area that megalops larva is cultivated the pond is 100～300m
2, in megalops larva cultivation pond, cultivate algae, fairy shrimp, copepoda biological feed;
3) above-mentioned transfer is the last day of selecting fifth phase zoea, or the first day of megalops larva is transplanted seedlings; Described operation sequence of transplanting seedlings is:
(1) transplant seedlings before, former pool water level is 1.2～1.5m, adopt 60～80 orders to change the network of rivers, drainage enters 200 purpose collection seedling net cages from changing in the network of rivers fast with the siphon pipe of 1～1.5 cun of 3～4 diameter, collection seedling net cage places in the Buffer Pool that is full of seawater, siphon drainage to 60～70cm water level, this in stage the mud crab young can not leach, only leach bait, will collect bait band water in the seedling net cage with 300 order dredgers and pull out and transfer to megalops larva and cultivate the pond;
(2) remove and change the network of rivers, to the 30cm water level, bait and a small amount of young by siphon out will collects bait in the seedling net cage and the young with 300 order dredgers and be with water to pull out to transfer to megalops larva cultivation pond with the direct drainage of siphon pipe of 1～1.5 cun of 2～4 diameter;
When (3) former cultivation pond was to the 30cm water level, the young light that becomes was assembled in groups, seedling is transferred to megalops larva cultivate the pond;
(4) after the completing steps (3), pull out the intubate in the cultivation pond of throwing in zoea, directly discharge the young and enter 200 purpose collection seedling net cages, will collect bait in the seedling net cage and the young with 300 order dredgers and be with water to pull out to transfer to megalops larva cultivation pond;
(5) go out the young at the bottom of the pond with seawater is light and slow, separate the young and foul with the flat dredger of 40～60 orders, the young is moved into megalops larva cultivate the pond;
4) cultivation in megalops larva stage: control megalops larva breeding density is 1000～2000/m
3Or put fifth phase zoea in a suitable place to breed, breeding density is 2000～4000/m
3, this stage throw something and feed fairy shrimp, copepoda and fish rotten, the quantity of throwing something and feeding is 1～2 times of megalops larva body weight, the water temperature that megalops larva is cultivated the pond is 24～32 ℃, salinity is 15 ‰～26 ‰, through 4～8 days, megalops larva is transferred to young crab cultivation pond further cultivate;
5) cultivation in young crab stage: the area that young crab is cultivated the pond is 0.5～3 mu, and water temperature is 26～33 ℃, and salinity is 10 ‰～20 ‰, young crab cultivating process, and in time harvesting is sold juvenile crab, to improve survival rate.
2. the breeding graded and method of transplanting seedlings of mud crab seedlings as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in step 1) in, the volume in described cultivation pond is 15～30m
3, the cloth seedling density of described cultivation is 15～250,000/m
3
3. the breeding graded and method of transplanting seedlings of mud crab seedlings as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that in step 1) in, the bait of described cultivation is that the bait of first and second phase zoea is take wheel animalcule as main, a small amount of mixed bait of throwing something and feeding simultaneously, the third phase to fifth phase zoea bait is take the nauplius of fairy shrimp as main.
4. the breeding graded and method of transplanting seedlings of mud crab seedlings as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that in step 2) in, described megalops larva is cultivated the water temperature difference in pond and zoea cultivation pond less than 3 ℃, and it is poor less than 3 ‰ that megalops larva is cultivated the salinity in pond and zoea cultivation pond.
5. the breeding graded and method of transplanting seedlings of mud crab seedlings as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in step 4) in, described megalops larva is cultivated pond linked network sheet.
6. the breeding graded and method of transplanting seedlings of mud crab seedlings as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in step 5) in, young crab cultivation of the first phase of the cultivation in described young crab stage density is 100～200/m
2
7. the breeding graded and method of transplanting seedlings of mud crab seedlings as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in step 5) in, megalops larva is put in the cultivation in described young crab stage in a suitable place to breed, and the density of putting megalops larva in a suitable place to breed is 100～800/m
2
8. the breeding graded and method of transplanting seedlings of mud crab seedlings as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in step 5) in, the bait in young crab stage take fish rotten and mixed bait as main.
9. the breeding graded and method of transplanting seedlings of mud crab seedlings as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in step 5) in, described megalops larva is the megalops larva of age in days more than the 4th day.
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| CN102524147A (en) * | 2012-03-22 | 2012-07-04 | 厦门大学 | Method for pond-classification cultivation of scylla paramamosian |
| CN102771425A (en) * | 2012-07-25 | 2012-11-14 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Artificial seeding raising method for scylla paramamosain in small water body |
| CN103222439B (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2015-12-09 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | A kind of Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low specific pathogen free seed shrimp classification cultural method |
| CN103651199B (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2016-03-16 | 北海市振发海洋产业科技有限公司 | The cultural method of a kind of Portunus pelagicus young |
| CN108901985A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-11-30 | 镇江江之源渔业科技有限公司 | A kind of multifunctional bio bait classification knockout tower and its application method |
| CN110012853A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-07-16 | 适君海产品养殖(湛江)有限公司 | A kind of staged orchid crab hatching-cultural method |
| CN111513017A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-08-11 | 宁波大学 | Temperature-controllable intermediate cultivation device and method for scylla paramamosain fries |
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