CN101982308A - 在挤出线中用于支撑管材的装置和方法 - Google Patents

在挤出线中用于支撑管材的装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN101982308A
CN101982308A CN2010105199507A CN201010519950A CN101982308A CN 101982308 A CN101982308 A CN 101982308A CN 2010105199507 A CN2010105199507 A CN 2010105199507A CN 201010519950 A CN201010519950 A CN 201010519950A CN 101982308 A CN101982308 A CN 101982308A
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J·克莱弗
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C48/88Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
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    • B29C48/908Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article characterised by calibrator surface, e.g. structure or holes for lubrication, cooling or venting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C48/911Cooling
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/88Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29L2023/00Tubular articles
    • B29L2023/22Tubes or pipes, i.e. rigid
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于在挤出线中支撑管材的一种装置和一种方法,该装置具有可针对所经过的管径进行调整的管支架,管支架具有至少紧贴在管材局部圆周上的铰接链,铰接链的链节具有指向管材的端面。本发明的任务在于,提供用于调整管支架的另一种装置以及一种方法,解决这一任务的方式如下:使得铰接链由排列在至少两个平面中的交错搭接的链节构成,所述链节在搭接区域内相互铰接在一起,每一个平面的铰接链均在其相对的端部具有相互啮合的相同齿轮轮廓。还可通过以下方式解决这个任务:通过在连续运行中变换尺寸时所形成的锥形管过渡段作用于管支架的压力,将管支架从某一个公称直径调整到另一个公称直径,管支架在要支撑的管材上的包角逐渐变化。

Description

在挤出线中用于支撑管材的装置和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及根据权利要求1或权利要求7的前序部分的用于在挤出线中支撑管材的一种装置和一种方法。
背景技术
DE 10 2007 007 196 A1就公开了一种此类装置。这种环节链的各个链节均具有在运行过程中紧贴在挤出管材上的支承面和与该支承面相对的楔面,这些楔面各自支承于底架的对应楔面上。为了适应所经过的管径,楔面可以在对应楔面上移动,从而使得环节链总体上沿径向移动。链节在其支承面的长边范围内通过薄膜铰链或者琴铰链
Figure BSA00000320582700011
相互铰接在一起。
上述装置中的管支架可以调整,可在挤出线连续运行过程中例如通过电机主动从某一个公称直径调整到另一个公称直径。例如DE 10 2005 028 086 A1和DE 10 2004 059 515 B3所公开的就是这种装置。
WO 2004/106034描述了一种用于支撑管材的组合滚轮,该组合滚轮配有一些装置特别是弹簧装置,当所支撑的管材引起荷重增大时,所述弹簧装置可使得滚轮向下运动,反之亦然。这种解决方案的缺点在于,只能针对一定的管径实现最佳支撑效果,因此前后依次布置了多个具有不同几何尺寸的滚轮。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于,提供用于调整管支架的另一种所述类型的装置以及一种方法。
按照本发明所述,利用一种具有权利要求1所述特征的用于在挤出线中支撑管材的装置,或者利用权利要求7所述的一种方法,即可解决这个任务。
由于在链节末端采用了相互啮合的齿轮轮廓,因此可保证各个链节相互间的角位置在调整过程中变化一致。这样就能调整铰接链使其适应不同的管径,同时还能使得包角在管径较大时变小,而当管径较小时则变大。至少应可在120°圆周范围内托住挤出的管材。
由于各个链节均按照一种传动方式相互连接,因此只要各有一个支撑机构作用于设置在铰接链顶点左侧和右侧的链节上即可。可以针对所经过的管径自动或强制调整铰接链的支撑机构。当支点之间的链重大于支点与链端之间的重量时,铰接链就会在重力作用下自动调整到较小的直径,例如如果在挤出线中从较大的直径改为较小的直径。在连续运行过程中变换尺寸时,就会在之前所经过的较大公称直径与随后将要经过的较小公称直径之间出现直径变小的锥形过渡段,从而使得铰接链在重力作用下自动逐渐“收拢”。反之,如果从所经过的较小管径转变为将要经过的较大管径,由于直径变大,同样也会出现锥形过渡段,迫使铰接链克服重力张开,从而自动调整到新的直径。除了这种自动调整铰接链的方式之外,也可代之以采用强制调整铰接链的方式,即例如将至少其中一个支撑机构设计成执行器形式,例如将其设计成液压缸。
在最为简单的情况下,朝向挤出管材的链节端面构成管材的滑动面,即挤出的管材直接紧靠在链节上。
为了减小管支架与挤出管材之间的摩擦,在本发明的有益设计方案中,给铰接链配备若干滚轮,从而以滚动摩擦替代滑动摩擦。当从将要经过的较小直径转变为将要经过的较大直径时,这种方式还有利于迫使管支架更容易张开。
附图说明
以下将依据实施例对本发明进行详细阐述。在相关附图中示出:
附图1为管材挤出线的侧视图;
附图2为本发明所述装置第一种实施方式的透视图,所述装置已被调整到较大管径;
附图3为根据附图2绘制的俯视图;
附图4为根据附图2绘制的视图,所述装置已被调整到较小的管径;
附图5为根据附图4绘制的俯视图;
附图6为根据附图2~5绘制的放大节点详图,包括两个相互搭接的链节;
附图7为本发明所述装置第二种实施方式的正视图,所述装置已被调整到较大的管径,并且省去了所述装置的前支臂;
附图8为根据附图7绘制的视图,图中绘出了前支臂;
附图9为根据附图7绘制的视图,所述装置已被调整到较小的管径,
附图10为根据附图9绘制的视图,图中绘出了前支臂;和
附图11为管支架的调整原理图。
具体实施方式
附图1所示的挤出线包括挤出机单元1,该挤出机单元带有加料斗2、图中看不见的挤出机螺杆,该挤出机螺杆带有管头(Rohrkopf)3。通过加料斗2将粒子或粉末形状的热塑性塑料4提供给挤出机单元1。在该挤出机单元中对粒子或粉末进行加热、混捏与塑化。然后将塑料4作为成型物料从挤出机螺杆送入管头3之中,在这里迫使物料经过环形出料间隙。
从管头3出来之后,利用设置于挤出线末端的履带拉拔装置6牵引温度很高尚能变形的管材5经过定径冷却单元7,所述定径冷却单元具有真空箱8,真空箱带有安装于其入口处的定径套9。在直径连续可调的定径套9中将所挤出的尚可变形的管材5固定至所需的直径。管材5离开定径冷却单元7之后进入冷却段10之中,在这里将其冷却到室温。在冷却段10和履带拉拔装置6之间设置有超声波扫描器7,用于检测挤出管材5的直径与壁厚。紧随履带拉拔装置6后面的是用来对管材5进行定长切割的分割锯12。此外在管材挤出线中还设有密封装置13,该密封装置围住连续通过的管材5将其密封。
由于挤出的管材5只有在离开冷却段10之后才会硬化也就是稳定形状,所以在此之前必须对其进行支撑,以避免下垂变形。为此在定径冷却单元7中设置有一个管支架,在冷却段10中设置有两个管支架14,以下将根据附图2~10所示的本发明的两种不同实施方式,对这些管支架的构造和作用原理进行详细解释。
附图2~6中所示的管支架14具有两个铰接链15,通过链销16使这些铰接链相互平行保持一定间距。每一个铰接链15均具有排列在两个平面中交错搭接的链节17。从附图6可以清晰看出,链销16在搭接区域直径减小,并且在链节17之间的搭接区域中形成铰接连接。每一个平面的链节17均在其相对的端部设有同样的齿轮轮廓18,属于同一个平面的链节17相互啮合。
在两个铰接链15之间设置有两排滚轮19或20,其中一排滚轮19与另一排滚轮20交错排列。所述滚轮19分别排列在内侧链节17的齿轮轮廓18范围内,也就是排列在这些链节之间,而滚轮20则分别相对于内侧链节17排列在中间。这种排列方式要求以不同的方式来安置滚轮19和20。因而在调整管支架14的过程中,由于两个相邻链节17之间的角位置会发生变化,无法将滚轮19直接安置在这些链节17上。因此将滚轮19安置在链销16上,如从附图6可以清楚地看出。为此,支撑螺栓(Stehbolzen)21从每两个相邻链销16垂直向上伸出,滚轮19的旋转轴22就安置在这些支撑螺栓上。滚轮20直接安置在相应的链节17上。为此,平行于链销16的支撑螺栓23从链节17向内伸出,滚轮20的旋转轴24就安置在这些支撑螺栓上。由于滚轮20与滚轮19一样均受到有待支撑的管材5的压力作用,因此受到弯曲负荷作用的支撑螺栓23通过设置在其末端上的支腿25支撑在稳定的链销16上。
滚轮19和20经过适当安置,使其向上超过链节17的端面17.1。这样就可将圆周面19.1或20.1用作为在挤出线中有待支撑的管材5的滚动面。
除了上述部件之外,管支架14还具有两对支臂26,这些支臂的下端均通过旋转关节27可摆动地安置在支承端板28上。支臂26的上端分别通过间隔螺栓29与铰接链15的倒数第二个链节17旋转铰接在一起。
支臂26在其下端区域内均设有与旋转轴27同心布置的齿轮轮廓30。这些齿轮轮廓30相互啮合。从而可保证两个支臂26始终同步运动。从附图7~10可以清楚地看出,所有实施例中的这些齿轮轮廓30型式均相同。从这些视图也可以看出,其中一个支臂26的齿轮轮廓30的最后一个齿31比其它齿更长。该最后一个齿以这种方式形成与另一个对应支臂26之间的止挡。利用该止挡确定支臂26之间的最大张开角。该角度经过适当定义,使得即使对于可在挤出线上通过的最大管径,也能通过管支架14保证管圆周的最小包角至少为120°。
以下针对在连续运行过程中将管材挤出线从某一公称直径转变为待生产管材5的另一个公称直径,对上述管支架14的工作原理进行说明。
以挤出线上可以通过的最大管径为讨论起点,则管支架14具有附图2和3中所示的设置情况(Einstellung)。结合附图7和8可以看出,支臂26的止挡31紧贴在对应的另一个支臂26上。采用这种设置可保证将需要支撑的管材5至少支承在120°的局部圆周上。所挤出的管材5平躺在滚轮19和20上,通过这些滚轮获得充分的支撑,而且所受的是滚动摩擦。
如果现在将挤出线调整到待生产管材5将要通过的较小公称直径,就会出现直径逐渐减小的锥形过渡段。管支架14自动跟踪直径变化,直至最终调整到将要通过的较小直径。通过重力作用实现这种自动调整。也就是,布置于支臂26的支点之间的链节17、链销16、滚轮19和20等等所具有的总重量明显大于从支点向外连接的管支架14结构元件。这一重量差使得支臂26相向摆动,也就是说,管支架14收拢,并且以较大的包角围住直径较小的挤出管材,如附图4以及附图9和10所示。如果将挤出线重新转换到较大的直径,那么在较小直径与将要通过的较大直径之间就会再次出现锥形的管过渡段,这一次的锥度相反,即直径逐渐变大。直径增大使得管支架14克服重力作用逐渐张开,直至达到管材5的新公称直径。管支架14因此也能自动适应将要通过的新管径。
附图7~10所示为本发明的另一种实施例。与上述实施例的区别在于,省去了滚轮19、20及其相应的支承构件。挤出的管材5在这种装置中直接紧贴在链节17的端面17.1上,所受的是滑动摩擦。
在本发明的另一种实施例中,可以仅仅使用至少在两个平面中排列有链节17的一个铰接链15替代两个相隔一定间距的铰接链15。在这种情况下,只要在很少的平面中布置一些链节17,且只要将支臂26布置在某一侧,也就是相对于绘图平面布置在铰接链15前面或后面即可。
也可以采用强制调整方式替代自动调整管支架14的方式。于是例如必须使用能够主动调整铰接链或链15的主动件例如液压活塞替代支臂26。
附图11所示为调整管支架14的调整过程示意图。按照这种实施例,可在连续运行过程中将挤出线从将要通过的最小公称直径d1转变成将要通过的最大公称直径d2,箭头32表示挤出方向。在两个公称直径d1和d2之间出现锥形的管过渡段5.1。
从附图11可以看出,管支架14在将要通过的公称直径d1最小时完全围住挤出管材5,即将其360°围住。由于转变到公称直径d2使得管过渡段5.1中的直径增大,因此会将管支架14逐渐张开。如附图11所示,中间这张图是管支架14的过渡阶段,右图所示是将要通过的公称直径d2最大时挤出管材5的支撑情况。
当从较大公称直径转变到较小公称直径时,管支架14就会因为管过渡段5.1中的直径减小而在重力作用下逐渐收拢,因此在这种情况下能自动适应将要通过的新公称直径。

Claims (7)

1.用于在挤出线中支撑管材的装置,具有可针对所经过的管径进行调整的管支架,所述管支架具有至少紧贴在管材局部圆周上的铰接链,铰接链的链节具有指向管材的端面,其特征在于,所述铰接链(15)由排列在至少两个平面之中的、交错搭接的链节(17)构成,所述链节在搭接区域中相互铰接在一起,每一个平面的链节(17)均在其相对的端部具有相互啮合的相同齿轮轮廓(30)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,在铰接链(15)的顶点两侧各有一个支撑机构(26)作用于链节(17)上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于,铰接链(15)的支撑机构(26)自动地或者强制地调整到或已调整到分别通过的管径。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,至少两个铰接链(15)具有至少排列在两个平面中的链节(17),通过链销(16)使这些铰接链相互平行相隔一定间距。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,将链节(17)的指向挤出管材(5)的端面(17.1)作为管材(5)的滑动面。
6.根据上述权利要求1~4中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,铰接链(15)或多个铰接链(15)配有滚轮(19,20),滚轮的旋转轴(22,24)平行于链节(17),且滚轮高于链节(17)的端面(17.1),用于构成紧贴的挤出管材(5)的滚动面。
7.在连续运行模式下可变换尺寸的挤出线中调整管支架的方法,其特征在于,通过变换尺寸时所形成的锥形管过渡段(5.1)作用于管支架(14)的压力,将管支架(14)从某一个公称直径调整到另一个公称直径,管支架(14)在要支撑的管材(5)上的包角逐渐变化。
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