CN101959579B - 内燃机的排气净化装置 - Google Patents

内燃机的排气净化装置 Download PDF

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CN101959579B
CN101959579B CN200880006650XA CN200880006650A CN101959579B CN 101959579 B CN101959579 B CN 101959579B CN 200880006650X A CN200880006650X A CN 200880006650XA CN 200880006650 A CN200880006650 A CN 200880006650A CN 101959579 B CN101959579 B CN 101959579B
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大桥伸基
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种内燃机的排气净化装置。在内燃机中，在内燃机排气通路内配置NOX选择还原催化剂(15)。从尿素液供应阀(17)向NOX选择还原催化剂(15)供应尿素液，利用由该尿素液产生的氨选择性地将包含在排出的废气中的NOX还原。将包含在排出的废气中的水分回收，贮存在水容器(21)内。配备有贮存尿素浓度比供应给NOX选择还原催化剂(15)的尿素液的尿素浓度高的高浓度尿素液的高浓度尿素液容器(22)，通过利用回收的水分稀释该高浓度尿素液，生成供应给NOX选择还原催化剂(15)的尿素液。

Description

内燃机的排气净化装置
技术领域
本发明涉及内燃机的排气净化装置。
背景技术
已知一种内燃机，所述内燃机，在内燃机排气通路内配置NOX选择还原催化剂，向NOX选择还原催化剂供应尿素液，利用由该尿素液产生的氨，将包含在排出的废气中的NOX选择性地还原，在这种内燃机中，从排出的废气中回收水分，将固体的尿素和回收的水分混合，以便生成将要供应给NOX选择还原催化剂的尿素液(例如，特开2002-510005号公报)。这样，当采用固体尿素作为用于生成尿素液的尿素时，具有可以降低尿素的补充频度的优点。
但是，当利用这种固体尿素时，存在着难以控制尿素液的尿素浓度的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种内燃机的排气净化装置，所述排气净化装置，通过采用高浓度的尿素液作为生成尿素液用的尿素，可以容易地控制尿素液的尿素浓度。
根据本发明，提供一种内燃机的排气净化装置，所述内燃机的排气净化装置，在内燃机排气通路内配置NOX选择还原催化剂，向NOX选择还原催化剂供应尿素液，利用由该尿素液产生的氨，将包含在排出的废气中的NOX选择性地还原，其中，包括：用于在车辆内回收能够回收的水分的水分回收机构，贮存尿素浓度比向NOX选择还原催化剂供应的尿素液的尿素浓度高的高浓度尿素液的高浓度尿素液容器，通过利用回收的水分稀释高浓度尿素液，生成供应给NOX选择还原催化剂的尿素液。
附图说明
图1是压缩点火式内燃机的整体图。
图2是用于控制尿素液的生成的流程图。
图3是表示压缩点火式内燃机的另外的实施例的整体图。
图4是用于控制尿素液的生成的流程图。
图5是表示压缩点火式内燃机的另外一种实施例的整体图。
附图标记说明：
4...进气歧管
5...排气歧管
12，16...氧化催化剂
13...微粒滤清器
15...NOX选择还原催化剂
17...尿素液供应阀
19...水分回收装置
21...水容器
22...高浓度尿素液容器
23...尿素液生成容器
具体实施方式
在图1中表示出压缩点火式内燃机的整体图。
参照图1，1表示内燃机本体，2表示各个气缸的燃烧室，3表示分别向各个燃烧室2内喷射燃料用的电子控制式燃料喷射阀，4表示进气歧管，5表示排气歧管。进气歧管4经由进气导管6连接到排气涡轮增压器7的压缩机7a的出口上，压缩机7a的入口经由吸入空气量检测器8连接到空气滤清器9上。在进气导管6内，配置由步进马达驱动的节气门10，进而，在进气导管6的周围配置用于冷却在进气导管6内流动的吸入空气的冷却装置11。在图1所示的实施例中，将内燃机冷却水引导到冷却装置11内，利用内燃机冷却水对吸入空气进行冷却。
另一方面，排气歧管5被连接到排气涡轮增压器7的排气涡轮7b的入口，排气涡轮7b的出口被连接到氧化催化剂12的入口。在该氧化催化剂12的下游，与氧化催化剂12邻接地配置用于捕集包含在排出的废气中的粒子状物质的微粒滤清器13，该微粒滤清器13的出口经由排气管14连接到NOX选择还原催化剂15的入口。氧化催化剂16被连接到该NOX选择还原催化剂15的出口。
在NOX选择还原催化剂15上游的排气管14内，配置尿素液供应阀17，该尿素液供应阀17与尿素液生成装置18连接。该尿素液生成装置18具有用于回收在车辆内能够回收的水分的水分回收机构，在图1所示的实施例中，该水分回收机构，由为了使包含在排出的废气中的水蒸气冷凝以回收水分而配置在氧化催化剂16的下游的水分回收装置19构成。利用该水分回收装置19回收的水分由水移送泵20送入用于贮存回收的水分的水容器21。另外，作为水分回收机构，可以利用不仅从排出的废气中回收水分，而且，例如，还回收在空调中产生的冷凝水的水分回收装置。
另外，在图1所示的实施例中，尿素液生成装置18进一步包括：贮存比供应给NOX选择还原催化剂15的尿素液的尿素浓度高的高浓度尿素液的高浓度尿素液容器22；用于生成供应给NOX选择还原催化剂15的尿素液的尿素液生成容器23。如图1所示，在水容器21与尿素液生成容器23之间配置水流量控制阀24，所述水流量控制阀24用于控制从水容器21向尿素液生成容器23供应的水分的供应量，在高浓度尿素液容器22与尿素液生成容器23之间配置尿素液流量控制阀25，所述尿素液流量控制阀用于控制从高浓度尿素液容器22向尿素液生成容器23供应的高浓度尿素液的供应量。
在图1所示的实施例中，通过利用水流量控制阀24控制从水容器21向尿素液生成容器23的水分的供应，利用尿素液流量控制阀25，控制从高浓度尿素液容器22向尿素液生成容器23的高浓度尿素液的供应，借此，在尿素液生成容器23内生成将要供应给NOX选择还原催化剂15的尿素液。即，通过利用回收的水分稀释高浓度尿素液，生成供应给NOX选择还原催化剂15的尿素液。
利用供应泵26将在尿素液生成容器23内生成的尿素液从尿素液供应阀17喷射到在排气管14内流动的排出的废气中，利用由尿素产生的氨((NH2)2CO+H2O→2NH3+CO2)，在NOX选择还原催化剂15中将包含在排出的废气中的NOX还原。
排气歧管5和进气歧管4经由排出废气再循环(下面称之为EGR)通路27相互连接，在EGR通路27内配置电子控制式EGR控制阀28。另外，在EGR通路27的周围，配置用于冷却在EGR通路27内流动的EGR气体的冷却装置29。在图1所示的实施例中，将内燃机冷却水导入到冷却装置29内，利用内燃机冷却水冷却EGR气体。另一方面，各个燃料喷射阀3经由燃料供应管30连接到高压储液筒(commonrail)31上，该高压储液筒31经由电子控制式的排出量可变的燃料泵32连接到燃料箱33上。贮存在燃料箱33内的燃料由燃料泵32供应到高压储液筒31内，供应到高压储液筒31内的燃料经由各个燃料供应管30被供应给燃料喷射阀3。
电子控制单元40由数字计算机构成，包括：由双向性总线41相互连接起来的ROM(只读存储器)42、RAM(随机存取存储器)43、CPU(微处理器)44、输入端口45及输出端口46。吸入空气量检测器8的输出信号经由对应的AD转换器47输入到输入端口45。产生与加速踏板50的踏入量L成比例的输出电压的负荷传感器51被连接到加速踏板50上，负荷传感器51的输出电压经由对应的AD转换器47输入到输入端口45。另外，在输入端口45上连接有曲柄角传感器52，所述曲柄角传感器，例如，曲轴每旋转15°，产生输出脉冲。进而，将点火开关53的通·断信号输入到输入端口45。另一方面，输出端口46经由对应的驱动电路48连接到燃料喷射阀3、节流阀10的驱动用步进马达、尿素液供应阀17、水移送泵20、水流量控制阀24、尿素液流量控制阀25、供应泵26、EGR控制阀28及燃料泵32上。
氧化催化剂12，例如，携带白金这样的贵金属催化剂，该氧化催化剂12起着将包含在排出的废气中的NO转换成NO2的作用和使包含在排出的废气中的HC氧化的作用。即，NO2比NO氧化性强，从而，当将NO转换成NO2时，促进被捕获在微粒滤清器13上的粒子状物质的氧化反应，另外，促进由NOX选择还原催化剂15中的氨引起的还原作用。作为微粒滤清器13，可以采用不载置催化剂的微粒滤清器，或者，例如，也可以采用携带白金这样的贵金属催化剂的微粒滤清器。另一方面，NOX选择还原催化剂15可以由在低温下具有高的NOX净化率的氨吸附型的Fe沸石构成，或者，也可以利用没有氨吸附功能的二氧化钛·钒类催化剂构成。氧化剂16，例如，携带由白金构成的贵金属催化剂，该氧化催化剂16起着将从NOX选择还原催化剂15漏出的氨氧化的作用。
在图1所示的实施例中，计算出对应于内燃机的运转状态的最合适的尿素液的供应量，基于该计算出来的供应量，从尿素液供应阀17供应尿素液。另外，在该实施例中，通常，任一流量控制阀24、25均保持关闭状态，当尿素液生成容器23内的尿素液变少时，两个流量控制阀24、25打开，将水及高浓度的尿素液供应到尿素液生成容器23内。
图2表示这种尿素液的生成控制程序。
参照图2，首先，在开始时，在步骤60中，读取从尿素液供应阀17供应的供应尿素液的量。其次，在步骤61中，由该供应的尿素液量计算出贮存在尿素液生成容器23内的尿素液的贮存量Q。其次，在步骤62中，判断尿素液的贮存量Q是否变为预定的允许水平Q0以下。当Q≥Q0时，进入步骤63，判断点火开关53是否从接通切换到断开。当点火开关53接通时，处理周期完毕。
另一方面，在步骤62中，当尿素液的贮存量Q变为允许水平Q0以下时，进入步骤64，进行尿素液的生成作用。即，使两个流量控制阀24、25打开，进行利用水流量控制阀24执行的从水容器21向尿素液生成容器23的水分的供应控制、以及利用尿素液流量控制阀25执行的从高浓度尿素液容器22向尿素液生成容器23的高浓度尿素液的供应控制，生成预定浓度的尿素液。
另一方面，当在步骤63中判断为点火开关53从接通切换到断开时，也进入步骤64，进行尿素液的生成作用。即，这时，也使两个流量控制阀24、25打开，进行利用水流量控制阀24执行的从水容器21向尿素液生成容器23的水分的供应控制、以及利用尿素液流量控制阀25执行的从高浓度尿素液容器22向尿素液生成容器23的高浓度尿素液的供应控制，生成预定浓度的尿素液。
即，直到供应给尿素液生成容器23的水和高浓度尿素液均匀混合为止，需要时间。不过，在点火开关53从接通切换到断开时，若从水容器21向尿素液生成容器23供应水分，从高浓度尿素液容器22向尿素液生成容器23供应高浓度尿素液，则可以使水和高浓度尿素液的混合时间足够长。从而，在这种情况下，直到从尿素液供应阀17开始尿素液的供应为止，尿素液变成均匀的浓度。
当高浓度尿素液容器22内的高浓度尿素液变少时，补充预定的一定浓度的高浓度尿素液。这样，由于高浓度尿素液容器22内的高浓度尿素液的浓度维持恒定，所以，通过以预定的比例控制从水容器21向尿素液生成容器23供应的水分的供应量和从高浓度尿素液容器22向尿素液生成容器23供应的高浓度尿素液的供应量的比例，可以容易地使尿素液生成容器23内的尿素液的浓度成为预定的恒定的浓度。
图3表示另外的实施例。在本实施例中，在尿素液生成容器23上，安装用于检测尿素液生成容器23内的尿素液的尿素浓度的浓度传感器54，以使利用该浓度传感器54检测出来的尿素浓度达到目标浓度的方式，反馈控制从水容器21向尿素液生成容器23供应的水分的供应量及从高浓度尿素液容器22向尿素液生成容器23供应的高浓度尿素液的供应量。
图4表示这种尿素液的生成控制程序。
参照图4，首先，在开始时，在步骤70中，利用浓度传感器54检测出尿素液生成容器23内的尿素液的浓度D。其次，在步骤71中，判断该浓度D是否比目标浓度D0高。当D＞D0时，进入步骤72，将水容器21内的水供应到尿素液生成容器23内，当D≤D0时，进入步骤73，将高浓度尿素液容器22内的高浓度尿素液供应到尿素液生成容器23内。
图5表示进一步的另外一个实施例。在该实施例中，利用半透膜55将尿素液生成容器23内部分隔成两个室56a、56b，从水容器21向这两个室56a、56b中的一个室56a供应水分，同时，从高浓度尿素液容器22向另外一个室56b供应高浓度尿素液。另外，在本实施例中，将另外一个室56b内的尿素液供应给尿素液供应阀17。
在本实施例中，室56a内的水渗透到室56b内的高浓度尿素液内，结果，在室56b内生成一定浓度的尿素液。从尿素液供应阀17供应该一定浓度的尿素液。在这种情况下的尿素液的生成控制采用图2所示的控制程序来进行。

Claims (2)

1.一种内燃机的排气净化装置，在内燃机排气通路内配置NOX选择还原催化剂，将尿素液供应给该NOX选择还原催化剂，利用由该尿素液产生的氨选择性地将包含在排出的废气中的NOX还原，其中，所述内燃机的排气净化装置包括：用于回收在车辆内能够回收的水分的水分回收机构、用于贮存该回收的水分的水容器、用于生成供应给NOX选择还原催化剂的尿素液的尿素液生成容器、贮存尿素浓度比供应给NOX选择还原催化剂的尿素液的尿素浓度高的高浓度尿素液的高浓度尿素液容器，当点火开关从接通被切换到断开时，进行对从该水容器向尿素液生成容器供应的水分的供应控制及对从该高浓度尿素液容器向尿素液生成容器供应的高浓度尿素液的供应控制，通过利用上述回收的水分稀释该高浓度尿素液，在尿素液生成容器内生成将要供应给NOX选择还原催化剂的尿素液。
2.如权利要求1所述的内燃机的排气净化装置，其特征在于，当上述尿素液生成容器内的尿素液变为预定的允许水平以下时，也进行对从上述水容器向尿素液生成容器供应的水分的供应控制以及对从上述高浓度尿素液容器向尿素液生成容器供应的高浓度尿素液的供应控制，借此，在尿素液生成容器内生成将要供应给NOX选择还原催化剂的尿素液。
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