CN101952383A - 标签,贴标签的方法以及粘合剂的应用 - Google Patents
标签,贴标签的方法以及粘合剂的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种标签,其包括具有正面和背面的基材以及施加在所述基材背面上的粘合层。粘合层是非粘性的但可被激活从而变成粘性的。粘合层进一步包括减活剂,其中所述减活剂可被外能激活从而所述减活剂,在被激活时,开始转化粘合层以变成非粘性的。本发明还涉及将标签贴到物品上的方法,以及粘合剂在贴标签中的应用。
Description
本发明涉及一种标签,其包括具有正面和背面的基材和设置在所述基材背面上的粘合层,其中所述粘合层是非粘性的但可被激活从而变成粘性的。本发明还涉及一种将标签贴到物品上的方法以及粘合剂在贴标签中的应用。
可用的已知标签装饰技术有许多,它们各有优缺点。
自粘或压敏标签在内业是众所周知的并被广泛应用。不过,它们具有包括生产方法非常复杂在内的许多缺陷。首先在释放衬垫的一侧涂覆剥离剂,通常为硅氧烷,然后在此固化的硅氧烷层上施加压敏粘性粘合剂层,其在产品的使用寿命内保持粘性以不同的时间。然后,向所述涂覆有粘合剂的释放衬垫上层压纸或膜印刷载体,此时粘合剂优选地被转移到所述印刷载体上。然后提供这种压敏叠层的卷以印刷正面和将标签冲切成要求的形状并最后除去正面的废基体。然后标签就可被用于施加到待标记的的物品上了,此时所述可除去的衬垫变成了废物,其对于这种标签的用户、整个行业以及整体环境来说都是一个很大的处置问题。
另一种已知的备选方案是使用湿胶标签,其中预印刷和冲切的纸标签被涂以湿粘合剂和施加到基材上。通常,这种湿胶标签操作非常杂乱,大量时间被浪费在清扫、安置和改变标签格式上。此外,这种湿胶标签几乎总是在最终的标记对象上显示讨厌的″标签框(label-box)″夹印(标签框是在施加粘合剂之前和将纸标签施加于表面之前固定纸标签的装置)。此外,湿胶标签不能使用透明膜,因为存在水不能以令人完全满意的方式从这种标签中蒸发和选出从而在标签中形成讨厌的气泡的技术问题。
另一种装饰技术是收缩套管,其总的应用成本非常高且生产工艺复杂。收缩套管膜通常使用溶剂基墨水在宽幅(wide-web)凹版印刷机或胶印机上印刷,这可能会危及环境和安全。在印刷之后,膜在一个分离的离线过程中被成型为管,且接缝被使用溶剂熔接法粘合在一起。然后此管被切成较短的长度,放到待标记的物品上,其随后被输送通过高温的收缩通道以使膜收缩并适合容器的形状。尽管这种技术为某些目标市场部分产生了许多醒目且吸引人的结果,但它具有许多缺陷。包括根据定义收缩套管覆盖待标记对象的整个表面,由此不可能实现180°装饰的只覆盖容器表面一部分的标签。讨厌的接缝在收缩套管标签上的可见性也是一个负面问题。对于平坦侧面的容器或有把手的容器来说也不可能使用收缩套管。既不可能使用具有收缩套管的纸标签,也不可能具有各种质地或触觉效果。使用收缩套管还不可能在容器上具有点状标签、多个标签或独特的标签形状。使用收缩套管也不可能实现所谓的″无标签″外观,即不可能使标签与容器色彩和材料融合就像不存在标签、容器是预先印刷的一样。
另一种广泛应用的标签技术是环绕式标签技术。环绕式标签可以由纸或膜制造,并可由固定式储存容器或直接由卷轴供给。一般在标签前端施加有热熔胶,其被紧紧环绕在以可控速度旋转的容器上,而尾端通过第二热熔胶窄带固定就位。由于缺乏高级外观以及由此标签缺少市场吸引力,这种标签的主要市场为软饮料和矿泉水。在这种情况下不可能实现″无标签″外观。材料的选择非常有限,且样式变化也被局限于简单的圆柱形状。
US2007/0014985公开了具有结构化形态的组合物。被适当的动作触发或激活时,所述形态发生改变,导致组合物性能的相应预定变化。例子包括从非粘性的到粘性的、从非固化的到固化的,还包括颜色变化,存在的香味、臭味或气味的强度变化,以及从不反应性的到反应性的和从稳定的到不稳定的。该专利公开还公开了会由于加热而变为粘性的非粘性膜。所述通过加热实现的激活由此导致膜的粘性的变化,但此粘性在冷却后被保留,最终结果类似于能保持粘性以无限长时间的压敏性粘合剂。
本发明的标签特征在于粘合层包括一种减活剂,其能被外能激活从而所述减活剂在被激活时开始转化粘合层以变成非粘性的。
此转化可以通过所述减活剂使粘合层交联以形成非粘性结合来完成。此转化在一定时间内发生,之后粘合层变成非粘性的。由于结合强度和耐受性能,交联机制提高分子量。
本发明的标签例如由此提供了以下可能性,标签在激活过程之后暂时变成粘性的但只有一段时间保持为粘性的,之后粘合层变为非粘性的并与粘附了所述标签的物品表面形成牢固且耐热的结合。不过,粘合剂为粘性的那段时间可以比例如使用传统的热熔胶时长且该段时间可延续到超过冷却时间。
除上述牢固且耐热的结合之外,本发明的优点还包括:
一个优点是标签材料(labelstock)不需要释放衬垫,这不仅节省了所必需的资源和降低了制造复杂程度,还避免了压敏标签的主要缺点即在使用标签之后释放衬垫的处置。在这种情况下,没有释放衬垫需要处置,也不存在任何包括或施加到面材(facestock)上以免卷内粘连的硅氧烷,其可能妨碍面材随后的可印刷性。
与这些新型粘合剂有关的进一步的优点有:
-可以标记非常敏感的甚至不能短时间承受热熔性胶粘剂的材料,
-贴标签机变得更加简单,因为粘合剂的激活部分可以设置地远离将标签粘附于表面的部分,和
-还可以手动贴标签,因为在粘附标签之前标签可以冷却下来。
一个特别的优点在于粘合剂可从粘性变为非粘性的,即在粘附标签之后粘合剂变为非粘性的状态。这在已经将标签粘附于表面并由此形成了牢固连接之后发生。难以将标签从其位置除去,且粘合剂是非粘着性的。
所述粘合剂的特征在于其通常不是结合程度受将粘合剂施加于表面时所用压力大小影响的压敏粘合剂。在产品的使用寿命内,压敏粘合剂一直保持粘性。因此,可以认为压敏粘合剂与本发明无关。
与压敏粘合剂相比,本发明的粘合剂具有例如更好的结合强度、耐水性、耐溶剂性和耐热性。
本发明涉及一种标签,其包括基材和粘合层。基材具有正面和背面。粘合层位于基材的背面。不过,此特殊的粘合层有可能并不是最接近基材背面的层,在基材背面与粘合层之间还可能存在其它层。除粘合剂之外,粘合层还可能包含例如惰性填料。正面可以充当印刷基材但也有可能正面保持不被印刷。基材可以由单层的构成,也可以包括几个层,所述几个层可以是例如共挤出层或层压层。基材可以由纸或塑料,如聚酯或聚烯烃,制成。正面可加以处理以使表面性质变得更加适合印刷。基材可以是透明或不透明的塑料膜。还可以制造″无标签″外观的标签。基材或基材的至少一个层有可能是金属化的、着色的或纹理化的。
粘合层的粘合剂在其初始状态是非粘性的,即制造的标签可以没有释放衬垫。然而,当将外能施于粘合层上时,粘合层的粘合剂被激活从而其变成粘性的。外能可以包括例如热、红外辐射、微波或其它能够激活粘合层的外能。
粘合层还包括减活剂,即减活化学机制,其可以被与将粘合剂从非粘性状态改变到粘性状态的相同的外能激活。不过,所述将粘合剂从非粘性状态改变到粘性状态的外能和所述将减活剂激活的外能可以来自不同的源。当外能激活它时,减活剂开始起作用,并开始使粘合层减活,从而粘合层变成非粘性的。在粘合层已经变为粘性的那一点与粘合层再次成为非粘性的那一点之间,存在一个粘合层是粘着性的期间,从而可以将标签通过所述粘合剂粘附在另一表面上。因此,存在一个粘合剂是粘着性的暂时期间。该暂时期间可以持续例如1-20分钟,且这段期间的长度是可调节的。
减活剂可以是交联剂,但其也可以是能够将粘合层的粘着性能从粘性变为非粘性的其它试剂。减活剂还可以是粘合剂的常规原材料的一部分-原材料的一部分活性基团可被减活由此在室温下不与其它原材料反应但在高温下开始反应。至少部分构成粘合层的所述粘合剂可以为,例如,包括减活的异氰酸酯基或分离的交联剂的聚氨酯涂层。
所述减活剂(其可以为交联机制)起作用从而使由粘合剂形成的结合的强度和耐受性能提高。因此减活剂的使用导致形成更牢固的结合。对于交联剂的情形,交联剂连接聚合物链从而使分子量增大。交联剂可以包括减活的粘合剂活性基团,或者其也可以是分离的交联剂。
标签的正面可以通过任何类型的印刷工艺如UV-柔版印刷、UV-凸版印刷、水基-柔版印刷、凹版印刷、平版印刷、丝网工艺、热转印、热敏热箔或冷箔烫印来加以印刷。印刷之后,可冲切标签和将其以要求的任何形状或设计格式的预切形式提供给应用点。或者,可以将标签呈卷提供给应用点,可以在那里对它们加以冲切,例如,使用激光和转移到通常用于环绕式标签的那种类型的真空鼓,在真空鼓中位于面材背面的非粘性的干涂层将被热、IR辐射或其它能量源激活以产生具有足够″热粘性″的涂层以使其被施加到容器上并在冷却时牢固的保持在原位。
本发明的标签可被粘附到可由例如塑料、玻璃、金属或纸板制成的任何类型的物品、容器或表面上。
下面将通过实施例并参照附图对本发明进行说明,其中:
图1显示了用于制造聚氨酯分散体的原材料,
图2显示了通过由于阴离子基团而形成的水合壳层来稳定分散体悬浮液颗粒,
图3显示了通过采用丙酮工艺制备聚氨酯分散体,
图4显示了通过采用熔体分散工艺制备聚氨酯分散体,
图5显示了聚合物分散体的干燥和成膜,
图6显示了用TMA测量的具有晶态聚酯柔性链段的聚氨酯粘合剂的热激活,和
图7显示了分3个阶段进行的热激活结合之后强度的提高。
实施例1
在下文中,将说明制备用于粘合层的粘合剂的一种可能方案。
对于聚氨酯涂层或粘合剂,在这种情形下使用单组分和双组分聚氨酯体系都是可行的;不过,优选的体系是单组分(IK)潜伏反应性聚氨酯分散体系,这是因为,由于交联剂已被并入粘合剂或涂层中所以它们能在单组分体系中提供双组分体系的优点。当粘合剂/涂层通过加热到一定温度之上而被激活时,交联机制将开始作用,因此称作潜伏反应性聚氨酯分散体。
标准的双组分体系需要添加可乳化的脂肪族聚异氰酸酯交联剂以实现要求的最终性能指标。然而,交联剂的添加对于用户来说会是易出错的步骤并且将对粘合剂的罐储寿命施加限制。
因此,优选单组分粘合剂。基于潜伏反应性聚氨酯分散体的粘合剂与减活的(可被激活的)异氰酸酯交联并且无需处理两种不同组分。
单组分潜伏反应决策聚氨酯分散体具有许多优点,例如:
-只有一种组分要处理,简化了补给,
-在操作之前无需添加交联剂,因此出错较少,且节约成本和时间,
-对罐储寿命没有限制,使得实现了显著延长的可用时间,
-粘合剂随时可用,因此粘合剂容易使用,
-粘合剂具有可与双组分体系相比的出色粘着性能,
以下是对所提到的聚氨酯粘合剂的详细说明。
聚氨酯粘合剂一般是通过使长链多元醇与芳族或脂肪族异氰酸酯利用二异氰酸酯加聚工艺反应来制造的。在聚氨酯可热激活粘合剂中,聚合物主链主要是基于晶态聚酯多元醇,但非晶态的聚酯多元醇也已被用于制造可热激活粘合剂(参见图1,其显示了用于制造聚氨酯分散体的原材料)。
在通过丙酮工艺或熔体分散工艺制造聚氨酯分散体时,使用了结合在聚合物链中的乳化剂。亲水改性可通过在聚合物链中共价结合离子团或通过链末端的长聚醚单元来进行。分散体颗粒随后被稳定水合壳层包围,离子和非离子亲水基团通常协同作用(参见图2)。
与使用外部乳化剂相比,并入亲水性中心带来许多优点,如自分散能力、高分散稳定性和好的成膜性能。除此之外共价键还防止了乳化剂向聚合物表面的任何扩散。
对于丙酮工艺(如图3中所示),第一反应阶段-所谓的预聚物形成反应-涉及使二异氰酸酯与熔体中的多元醇反应形成异氰酸酯基封端的预聚物。在第二反应阶段-链伸长反应-在添加丙酮之后,分子量进一步通过添加带有离子基的适合的链增长剂而增大。通过向丙酮溶液中添加水,形成微分散体且,在最后阶段,丙酮被馏出。由于聚合物的均质构造,丙酮工艺能制造特别高质量的分散体。
熔体分散工艺(如图4中所示)已经被确认为是一种更简单的可选制造方法。在预聚物形成反应中,多元醇与二异氰酸酯反应形成异氰酸酯封端的预聚物。在分散于水中之后(期间由于预聚物的固有亲水特性,自发形成微分散体),在链伸长反应中借助于短链的二胺产生高分子量的聚氨酯。
两种工艺都导致形成具有良好保存期限和固体含量为40-50wt%的分散体,其中聚合物以直径为100-200nm的离散微粒存在。与溶剂基体系不同,这意味着在高固体含量下仍可实现低施加粘性,甚至可以制造支化的或交联的聚氨酯。
在蒸发掉水之后,分散体在基材上产生均匀的粘着膜(参见图5)。尽管使用粘合剂分散体的干燥过程最初被认为是非常有问题的方法,但也有可能,通过选择温度,使水性粘合剂实现与溶剂基体系类似的干燥速率。
实施例2
在下文中,将对实施例1的粘合剂的干燥和结合特性进行说明。
聚氨酯粘合剂,无论是溶剂基的还是分散体基的,其最重要的粘结过程都是通过热激活。基于U的粘合剂分散体同样通常像聚氨酯溶剂性粘合剂一样通过热激活来处理。在将粘合剂施加到基材上之后,获得不粘连的膜。只有在于加热通道中或在红外线灯下通过在最低激活温度以上的温度熔融晶态聚酯链段从而激活时,膜才变成粘性的(参见图6)。聚合物膜具有足以结合的粘性的时间被称作热粘性寿命。在此时间内,可将基材相连,其中根据聚合物的结构所述时间可以从几秒钟到几分钟。
通过冷却粘着膜和使聚酯链段结晶化,在短时间后获得高初始结合强度,即使是使用单组分工艺。这些体系的粘性可以,好比是,被打开和关闭,从而使得能够实现高效的生产过程。强度的进一步增大在许多基材上可以通过具有可分散聚异氰酸酯的双组分工艺实现,其中粘着膜被交联或化学键合到基材上(参见图7)。
可热激活聚氨酯粘合剂的另一特征在于,由于其高分子量和嵌段聚合物结构,热稳定性高于聚酯链段的去晶化温度。这意味着在远高于最低激活温度的温度下粘合剂只是开始显著放慢热塑性流动。
实施例3
制造本发明的标签材料。在面材的背面涂覆实施例1和2中所述的聚氨酯涂层。在高温下干燥所述涂层。干燥之后,涂层是完全不粘手和非粘性的,因此,与压敏性标签材料相比它不需要释放衬垫。
在于面材上涂覆和干燥聚氨酯涂层之后,将标签材料绕成卷然后供应给印刷机作进一步处理。
面材可以采用任何类型的印刷工艺如UV-柔版印刷、UV-凸版印刷、水基-柔版印刷、凹版印刷、平版印刷、丝网工艺、热转印、热敏热箔或冷箔烫印来加以印刷。
印刷之后,可冲切标签,例如使用激光,和将其以要求的任何形状或设计格式的预切形式提供给应用点。或者,可以将标签呈卷提供给应用点,可以在那里使用激光对它们加以冲切,和转移到通常用于环绕式标签的那种类型的真空鼓,在真空鼓中位于面材背面的非粘性的干涂层将被热、IR辐射或其它能量源激活以产生具有足够″热粘性″的涂层以使其被施加到容器上并在冷却时牢固的保持在原位。一般可以通过将聚氨酯涂层加热到50-80℃的温度以数秒钟将其激活。
涂层一般将保持粘性长达15分钟,足够其在激活之后被施加到容器上而绰绰有余。冷却之后,涂层不再呈粘性,同时形成与容器的永久结合并显示良好的耐热性。采用此技术,可以选择任何纸或膜面材以及任何标签形状,并且可以通过任何已知的印刷方法印刷。还可以实现″无标签″外观的透明标签。
Claims (17)
1.一种标签,包括具有正面和背面的基材以及设置在基材背面上的粘合层,所述粘合层是非粘性的但可被激活从而变成粘性的,其特征在于粘合层包括减活剂,其中所述减活剂可被外能激活从而所述减活剂,在被激活时,开始转化粘合层以变成非粘性的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的标签,其特征在于所述减活剂包括粘合剂的减活化学基团,所述基团是可被激活的。
3.根据权利要求2所述的标签,其特征在于所述粘合剂包括减活异氰酸酯基团。
4.根据权利要求1所述的标签,其特征在于所述减活剂是独立的交联剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的标签,其特征在于所述粘合层包括聚异氰酸酯交联剂。
6.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的标签,其特征在于所述粘合层包括聚氨酯组合物。
7.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的标签,其特征在于所述粘合剂包括一种组合物,其可以被热、红外辐射、微波或上述方式中的至少两种的组合激活从而变成粘性的。
8.将标签粘附到物品上的方法,所述标签包括具有正面和背面的基材以及设置在所述基材背面上的粘合层,所述粘合层是非粘性的但可被激活从而变成粘性的,粘合层进一步包括减活剂,其中所述减活剂可被外能激活从而所述减活剂,在被激活时,开始转化粘合层以变成非粘性的,所述方法至少包括以下步骤:
-激活减活剂以开始粘合层的所述转化,
-设置延迟,在此延迟期间在标签中用于激活的外能的热效应减弱,和
-将标签粘附到物品上从而使粘合层与表面发生接触。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于选择所述延迟以使标签的温度基本上达到室温。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的方法,其特征在于选择所述延迟使其在1-20分钟的范围内。
11.粘合剂在贴标签中的应用,所述粘合剂包括减活剂,其可以被外能激活。
12.根据权利要求11所述的应用,其特征在于所述减活剂包括粘合剂的减活基团,所述基团可以被激活。
13.根据权利要求12所述的应用,其特征在于所述粘合剂包括减活异氰酸酯基团。
14.根据权利要求11所述的应用,其特征在于所述减活剂是独立的交联剂。
15.根据权利要求14所述的应用,其特征在于所述粘合层包括聚异氰酸酯交联剂。
16.根据权利要求11-15任一项所述的应用,其特征在于所述粘合层包括聚氨酯组合物。
17.根据权利要求11-15任一项所述的应用,其特征在于所述粘合剂包括一种组合物,其可以被热、红外辐射、微波或上述方式中的至少两种的组合激活从而变成粘性的。
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EP2393897B8 (en) | 2009-09-17 | 2018-09-19 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Activatable adhesive, labels, and related methods |
WO2013057850A1 (ja) * | 2011-10-20 | 2013-04-25 | 株式会社フジクラ | ディスプレイ装置用加飾フィルム及びその製造方法並びにディスプレイ装置用保護パネル及びその製造方法 |
DE102012203249A1 (de) * | 2012-03-01 | 2013-09-05 | Tesa Se | Verwendung eines latentreaktiven Klebefilms zur Verklebung von eloxiertem Aluminium mit Kunststoff |
DE102012222177A1 (de) * | 2012-12-04 | 2014-06-05 | Carl Meiser Gmbh & Co. Kg | Applikationsmaterial und Verfahren zum Aufbringen eines Applikationsmaterials auf einen Träger |
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DE3325735A1 (de) * | 1983-07-16 | 1985-01-24 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Bei raumtemperatur fluessige, lagerstabile, waermeaktivierbare stoffgemische aus polyolen und/oder polyaminen und polyisocyanaten fuer polyurethan-haftkleber |
US6287698B1 (en) | 1998-12-08 | 2001-09-11 | H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc. | Process for improving hydrolysis resistance of polyurethane dispersion adhesives and bonded assemblies produced therefrom |
US7108911B2 (en) * | 2000-11-02 | 2006-09-19 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Adhesive composition and adhesive sheet |
DE10211585A1 (de) | 2002-03-15 | 2003-09-25 | Basf Ag | Wässrige Polymerdispersionen als Kaschierklebstoffe |
EP1479743B1 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2007-07-18 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Heat-sensitive adhesive material, adhered article, process and apparatus for thermally activating the heat-sensitive adhesive material |
US20070014985A1 (en) | 2005-07-14 | 2007-01-18 | Yuan-Huffman Qingwen W | Activatable compositions |
CN100423935C (zh) | 2005-12-26 | 2008-10-08 | 四川省宜宾五粮液集团有限公司 | 表面带有装饰标材的模塑制品及其制造方法 |
WO2007128789A1 (de) * | 2006-05-09 | 2007-11-15 | Basf Se | Wärmeaktivierbare polyurethan-folie |
-
2007
- 2007-12-18 EP EP07858349A patent/EP2222810A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-12-18 US US12/809,182 patent/US8673442B2/en active Active
- 2007-12-18 WO PCT/FI2007/050698 patent/WO2009077638A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-12-18 CN CN2007801023530A patent/CN101952383A/zh active Pending
-
2014
- 2014-01-10 US US14/152,310 patent/US20140124133A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (7)
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CN104507683A (zh) * | 2012-07-10 | 2015-04-08 | 耐克创新有限合伙公司 | 用于鞋和服装组装的暂时可定位的可熔的粘合剂 |
CN105612231A (zh) * | 2014-02-26 | 2016-05-25 | H.B.富乐公司 | 粘性、可热固化多层粘合剂膜 |
CN105612231B (zh) * | 2014-02-26 | 2018-06-22 | H.B.富乐公司 | 粘性、可热固化多层粘合剂膜 |
CN106457812A (zh) * | 2014-06-06 | 2017-02-22 | 3M创新有限公司 | 聚氨酯层合粘合剂组合物 |
CN106457812B (zh) * | 2014-06-06 | 2018-10-30 | 3M创新有限公司 | 聚氨酯层合粘合剂组合物 |
CN107251129A (zh) * | 2014-12-19 | 2017-10-13 | 亚宙贝克斯公司 | 粘合标签 |
CN107251129B (zh) * | 2014-12-19 | 2020-05-19 | 亚宙贝克斯公司 | 粘合标签 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20140124133A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
US20110048632A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
US8673442B2 (en) | 2014-03-18 |
EP2222810A1 (en) | 2010-09-01 |
WO2009077638A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
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